Correction Ex1 chimie session 2020 bac math

(Session principale)
1)a) [H3O+] = 10-pH1 = 10-2.9 <C1 donc CH3COOH est un acide faible
b) CH3COOH + H2O  H3O+ + CH3COO-
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ].[𝐻3 𝑂 + ]
2)a) Ka1 = [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]
b) logKa1 = log[𝐻3 𝑂+ ] + log[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]
3

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]
pKa1 = -pH1 + log[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]
3

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ] [𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]

c) log[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] = pH1 - pKa1 donc [𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] = 10(pH1 - pKa1 )
= 1,25.10-2
3 3

[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]
< 5.10-2  on peut négliger [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂− ] 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]

[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ].[𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ].[𝐻3 𝑂 + ] [𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]

3)a) K = = . [𝐻
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻].[𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ] [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] 3𝑂
+ ] .[𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]

𝐾𝑎
K = 𝐾𝑎1 = 10(pKa2 – pKa1) =10-1 mol.L-1
2

b) CH3COOH + HCOO-  CH3COO- + HCOOH

t= 0 n1=C1V1 n2 0 0
tf n1 – xf n2 – xf xf xf
𝑥𝑓2 𝑥𝑓2 𝑥𝑓
K = (𝑛 = (10−2 −𝑥 = 10-1  = √0,1
1 −𝑥𝑓).(𝑛2 −𝑥𝑓 ) 𝑓 )² (10−2 −𝑥𝑓 )

xf = (10-2 – xf) . √𝐾  xf(1+√𝐾) = 10-2 .√𝐾

10−2 .√𝐾
 𝑥𝑓 = = 2,4.10-3 mol
1+√𝐾

[𝐶𝐻 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]
c) pH1 = pKa1 + log[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]
3

[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ].[𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ] [𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]

et K =  = K. [𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]
[𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻].[𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ] [𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]

[𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂 − ]
d’où pH = pKa1 + log(K. [𝐻𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻] )

10−2 − 2,4.10−3
= 4,8 + log[0,1.( 2,4.10−3
)]

= 4,3