Nespak Internship Report

8/10/2019 NESPAK Internship Report
Internship Report
Electrical Section
Zain Alam
Third Year BE (Electrical)
Bearing Roll No.: EE-072
NED University of Engineering & Technology. Karachi
th th
Internship Duration: 19 of May to 27 of June,2014
This report summarizes the work completed on all major projects assigned during the time spent at
NESPAK. The project work completed covers a wide range of engineering applications from the
electrical design of different projects to configuring networks.
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nespak-internship-report 1/21
Abstract
National Engineering Services Pakistan and NED University have a strong relationship, and as
a result a selection of students studying their third year of Engineering have the opportunity
to complete an internship at the NESPAK design firm, located in Karachi. The purpose of this
report is to present the work completed on assigned projects during the internship.
In order to provide a substantial contribution to the project work, an understanding of the

designing processes and operations, overall lighting design and power layout and software
and design suites utilised by engineers on site was required. A summary of this background
information is detailed within this report.
This report summarises the work completed on all major projects assigned during the time
spent at NESPAK. The project work completed covers a wide range of engineering
applications from the electrical design of different projects to configuring networks. A
contribution has been made to several projects which are listed within the report. Some
projects will be covered in greater detail, highlighting required background information,
methodologies applied, project constraints and a description of the projects` outcomes. The
following projects to be discussed in greater detail are as follows:

 New Benazir Bhutto International Airport, Islamabad

 New Gawadar International Airport, Gawadar

 Emaar-Cresent Bay

 Mukhtar A.Sheikh Memorial Hospital, Multan
This report will also cover the work on the some small projects and additional work
completed outside of the assigned projects.
The internship allows the student to gain experience with industrial projects that consulting
engineer is involved with on a daily basis, creating an invaluable learning experience. This
will help the student apply the knowledge gained from university and to develop skills
needed for the workplace personally and professionally.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank National Engineering Services Pakistan Pvt. Ltd and NED University of
Engineering & Technology for providing me the opportunity to complete an internship with
their consulting engineering group. This internship has given me the chance to be involved
with first hand, real world Electrical design engineering projects.
My sincere gratitude is expressed towards the entire consulting group at the NESPAK. Their
guidance and relentless assistance has contributed greatly to the success of this internship.
First of all my gratitude is towards General Manager Electrical Section Engr. Rabia Bolani.
Then my gratitude is towards Senior Engr.Rabia Hasan, Engr.Sarah Amjad, Engr.Noman for
explaining us the details of communication systems in buildings, Sub Engr.Waqas for guiding
us to learn AutoCAD, Mr.Haris for guidance about CV writing and system of the organization,
and all the other professional who have helped us by giving us their kind attention and
support.
Thanks should be reserved for all the staff at NED University who have been involved with
my learning during my degree. Special thanks is required for Internship Advisor Mr.Abdul
Mateen who has overseen the internship with ongoing support and direction. All Professor
Associate Professor should also be regarded for their substantial contribution towards my
learnings at university.
Structure of Report:
The report is categorized into three parts. First part tells about the organization
structure, field of specification and its working. The second and the most important part
consists of the stuffs and assignment that we go through the period of our internship and
the third and last part is the conclusion of the report.
 Introduction to the organization
 Internship work
o Electrical work
 Project Hierarchy
 Site engineering work- Project Procedure
 Types of lights
 Power load calculation
 Lighting load calculation
 Electrical Grounding
 Grounding pit
 Electrical conduits
 Implementation of above techniques in sites
 Phase reversible changeover switch
o Communication work
 Conclusion
Introduction To Organization:
The National Engineering Services Pakistan (reporting name: NESPAK), is a multinational and

globally competitive state-owned enterprise of Government of Pakistan. It is one of the largest and
one of the apex engineering consultant management organization in Asia and Africa, and maintains a
well international reputation.
Services Of NESPAK:
NESPAK has been performing projects under the following categories since many years:

 Energy Sector

 Water Resources Development & Dam Engineering Sector

 Communication Sector

 Architecture & Planning Sector


Public Health Engineering Sector

 Industrial Sector

 Oil,Gas & Petrochemical Sector

 Environment Sector

 Information Technology & GIS
PROJECT HIERARCHY:
Project is basically an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a

particular aim.Project to be processed owns by a client,it first comes to the consultant for designing
the structure,lighting layouts,power layouts,etc.The Consultant helps clients to identify and define
operational issues, then develop and implement operational strategies to improve organizational
effectiveness and achieve positive bottom line results.This is the focal role within the Firm for the
delivery of business services to clients.Role of consultants basically for engineering projects are Civil
work including Architecture,Mechanical work including HVAC,Electrical work including cable sizing
and much more.Now after design work,projects goes to the contractors.Contractor is a person or
firm that undertakes a contract to provide materials or labour to perform a service or do a
job.During contracting process,someone has to offer materials for the installation in the project and
that someone is a vendor. Vendor is a person or company offering something for sale.
Electrical projects includes three categories:
HT Requirements

It includes all the equipments required for 132kV,66kV,11kV,surge arrestors,tc.
LT Switch

It includes equipments like transformers,generators,lighting,power,DB’s,MCC’s,earthing

lightning protection,etc.
Communication

It includes equipments for fire alarm,public addressing,CCTV for security,BMS(Building

Management System),etc.
Site Engineering Work - Project Procedure
(Explained by Mr.Qazi)
There are 3 main things:
 Contractor’s time schedule.(1 step)

st
 It is checked out if BOQ, activities, etc are right or not.

 Contractor approves submittevs.(2 step)
nd
 It is send to head office.

 Shop drawing is approved.(3 step)
rd
 Shop drawing is very important.

 There are 2 drawings: tender drawing, construction drawing.
 Then site visit is done.
 There is a weekly/ fortnightly meeting at site.
 There is marking by surveyor at locations for fitting things.
EARTHING OF A APARTMENT BUILDING
In electricity supply systems, an earthing system or grounding system is circuitry which connects
parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the conductors
relative to the Earth's conductive surface.In high rise structures this technique is very essential to
ensure the safe existance and relaibility of the tower or structure against the lightning surges, for
this we maintain the lighting protection system. This system is protect the electrical circuitry from
excessive power surges or from thunder lighning energy.
Lightning Energy
Lightning is a capricious, random and unpredictable event. Its physical characteristics include current
levels sometimes in excess of 100 kA and speeds approaching one third the speed of light. Globally,
some 2000 on-going thunderstorms cause about 100 lightning strikes to earth each second.
Lightning is a product of electrically charged storm clouds. The charged clouds induce an opposite
charge (ground charge) on the surface of the earth beneath it as they travel through the
atmosphere. When the ground charge reaches a structure, the cloud charge pulls it up onto the
structure, concentrating the ground charge on and around it. If the ground charge builds to a level
exceeding the dielectric (insulation resistance) of the intervening air, an arc or lightning strike will
occur. The process begins with stepped leaders branching down from the clouds. When they come
within close proximity to the ground, approximately 500 feet, the electric field intensity at ground
level becomes so strong that objects and structures begin to break down electronically, shooting
streamers up toward the stepped leaders. When a streamer and a stepped leader connect, a path is
created for a lightning strike.
To protect the buildings or telecommunication towers against lightning, a proper designed lightning
protection system is needed.
Conventional Lightning Protection System
The main function of the lightning protection system installed on the existing building is to capture a
lightning stroke and then conduct discharge current safely to the ground.
As shown above, the building requires number of copper rods, number of down conductors, number
of earth pits, maintenance of all this put together becomes a costly & wastage of time also. In some
conditions, however the active lightning system is the only possible method to protect from direct
lightning strokes. Due to the arguments mentioned above, we recommend to use the active
lightning protection whenever the conventional solution is inconvenient or when the former is more
preferable to the latter as in the case of the efficient protection of architect.
STORMASTER Early Streamer Emission Air Terminal
Stormaster Early streamer Emission air terminals are designed to emit a streamer early in the
streamer-formation phase of a lightning strike, thereby
becoming the preferred lightning attachment point.
As the ground charge builds immediately before the
lightning strike, the Stormaster ESE air terminal accumulates
ground charge. In the instant before the strike, when the
stepped leaders are branching down from the cloud, the
Stormaster ESE terminal emits a series of pulses of ground
charge, forming a streamer from itself before streamers
emit from other structures. Its streamer reaches the

stepped leaders before competing streamers, thereby
winning the competition. Ground charge accumulation and streamer triggering is done by LPI’s
Stormaster ESE Air Terminal.
LPI Early Streamer Emission Air Terminal
LPI’s reputation in the field of lightning has invested heavily in the manufacture of its STORMASTER
Early Streamer Emission Air Terminal. This has involved both fundamental research into the physical
phenomena associated with lightning, as well as extensive product development. The latest
STORMASTER series provides optimal protection against the direct effects of lightning.
LPI STORMASTER ESE terminals tested

as per NFC 17-102 (national French
Standards) & IEC 60-1:1989 standards.
LPI advance lightning protection system
not only specialized on the Air

terminals, we execute the total project
with the specialized down conductor
named “HVSC” (High Voltage Shielded
Cable) tested as per IEC standards in
High Voltage testing laboratories. HVSC (Down Conductor) enables the customer use inside the
building, safely routed in Oil sectors, IT sectors & it provides tension free from the electromagnetic
damages created by the Lightning current when it is grounded through the normal down conductor.
LPI offers the non-resettable Lightning Strike Recorder which enables the user to have fool proof
record of the proper functioning of the system. Last but not least, LPI offers the latest technology of
Chemical Gel Earthing (GRIP – Ground Resistance Improvement Powder) which dissipates the huge
amount of lightning current in a fraction of time thus avoiding the huge potential rise under the
ground. The glance of LPI STORMASTER protection level is shown below:
Standard Protection (Level-3) - Radius of Protection (Rp)
h = height of terminal above area to be protected (m) 2

Stormaster 60 44 87 107 109
Stormaster 50 38 76 95 98
Components of a lightning protection system
Lightning rods or 'air terminals' are only a small part of a complete lightning protection system. In
fact, the rods may play the least important role in a system installation. A lightning protection
system is composed of three main components:
1. Rods or 'Air Terminals' - The small, vertical protrusions designed to act as the 'terminal' for a
lightning discharge. Rods can be found in different shapes, sizes and designs. Most are
topped with a tall, pointed needle or a smooth, polished sphere. The funtionality of different
types of lightning rods, and even the neccessity of rods altogether, are subjects of many
scientific debates.
2. Conductor Cables - Heavy cables (right) that carry lightning current from the rods to the
ground. Cables are run along the tops and around the edges of roofs, then down one or
more corners of a building to the ground rod(s).
3. Ground Rods - Long, thick, heavy rods buried deep into the earth around a protected
structure. The conductor cables are connected to these rods to complete a safe path for a
lightning discharge around a structure.
The conductor cables and ground rods are the most important components of a lightning protection
system, accomplishing the main objective of diverting lightning current safely past a structure. The
'lightning rods' themselves, that is, the pointy vertically-oriented terminals along the edges of roofs,
do not play much of a role in the functionality of the system. A full protection setup, given good
cable coverage and good grounding, would still work sufficiently without the air terminals.
Lightning protection facts
 Rods and protection systems don't attract lightning, nor do they influence where lightning
will strike.
 Rods or protection systems do not and cannot prevent lightning, nor can they 'discharge'
thunderstorms.
 Lightning protection systems (including placement of rods, cables, and groundings) are
custom-designed for individual structures and require complex engineering to function
properly. They should only be installed by qualified contractors.
 Lightning protection systems do not always prevent damage to electronics or computers.
You should still unplug such devices during thunderstorms to ensure sufficient protection.
Types Of Lamps
Definition:
Phenomenon of light exhibit by certain crystalline material when previously absorb energy from
heating of material.
There are three basic principle of lamps
1. Halogen lamp

2. Flourescent lamp
3. LEDs
Halogen Lamps
A lamp that consist of small amount of halogen such as iodine,bromine.When heated tungsten and
iodine combines to form tungsten iodine, which redeposits tungsten back to filament.
Advantage
1. Life is increased
2. efficiency is increased
Fluorescent Lamps
Electric current excites mercury vapor which produce short wave U.V light which is converted into
visible light through phosporous.
LED Lights
When current flows in led, electron recombines with holes within the device, releasing energy in
form of photons.
Effect is called electro lumiscence and color of light is determined by energy band gap.
Earthing Of An Apartment Building
In electricity supply systems, an earthing system or grounding system is circuitry which connects
parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the conductors
relative to the Earth's conductive surface. In high rise structures this technique is very essential to
ensure the safe existance and relaibility of the tower or structure against the lightning surges, for
this we maintain the lighting protection system. This system is to protect the electrical circuitry from
excessive power surges or from thunder lightning energy.
Lightning Energy
Lightning is a capricious, random and unpredictable event. Its physical characteristics include current
levels sometimes in excess of 100 kA and speeds approaching one third the speed of light. Globally,
some 2000 on-going thunderstorms cause about 100 lightning strikes to earth each second.Lightning
is a product of electrically charged storm clouds. The charged clouds induce an opposite charge
(ground charge) on the surface of the earth beneath it as they travel through the atmosphere. When
the ground charge reaches a structure, the cloud charge pulls it up onto the structure, concentrating
the ground charge on and around it. If the ground charge builds to a level exceeding the dielectric
(insulation resistance) of the intervening air, an arc or lightning strike will occur. The process begins
with stepped leaders branching down from the clouds. When they come within close proximity to
the ground, approximately 500 feet, the electric field intensity at ground level becomes so strong
that objects and structures begin to break down electronically, shooting streamers up toward the
stepped leaders. When a streamer and a stepped leader connect, a path is created for a lightning
strike.To protect the buildings or telecommunication towers against lightning, a proper designed
lightning protection system is needed.
Conventional Lightning Protection System
The main function of the lightning protection system installed on the existing building is to capture a
lightning stroke and then conduct discharge current safely to the ground.
The building requires number of copper rods, number of down conductors, number of earth pits,
maintenance of all this put together becomes a costly & wastage of time also. In some conditions,
however the active lightning system is the only possible method to protect from direct lightning
strokes. Due to the arguments mentioned above, we recommend to use the active lightning
protection whenever the conventional solution is inconvenient or when the former is more
preferable to the latter as in the case of the efficient protection of architect.
Components Of A Lightning Protection System

Lightning rods or 'air terminals' are only a small part of a complete lightning protection system. In
fact, the rods may play the least important role in a system installation. A lightning protection
system is composed of three main components:
 Rods or Air Terminals - The small, vertical protrusions designed to act as the
'terminal' for a lightning discharge. Rods can be found in different shapes, sizes and
designs. Most are topped with a tall, pointed needle or a smooth, polished sphere.
The functionality of different types of lightning rods, and even the neccessity of rods
altogether, are subjects of many scientific debates.
 Conductor Cables - Heavy cables (right) that carry lightning current from the rods to
the ground. Cables are run along the tops and around the edges of roofs, then down
one or more corners of a building to the ground rod(s).
 Ground Rods - Long, thick, heavy rods buried deep into the earth around a
protected structure. The conductor cables are connected to these rods to complete
a safe path for a lightning discharge around a structure.
The conductor cables and ground rods are the most important components of a lightning protection
system, accomplishing the main objective of diverting lightning current safely past a structure. The
'lightning rods' themselves, that is, the pointy vertically-oriented terminals along the edges of roofs,
do not play much of a role in the functionality of the system. A full protection setup, given good
cable coverage and good grounding, would still work sufficiently without the air terminals.
Lightning Protection Facts:

 Rods and protection systems don't attract lightning, nor do they influence where lightning
will strike.
 Rods or protection systems do not and cannot prevent lightning, nor can they 'discharge'
thunderstorms.
 Lightning protection systems (including placement of rods, cables, and groundings) are
custom-designed for individual structures and require complex engineering to function
properly. They should only be installed by qualified contractors.
 Lightning protection systems do not always prevent damage to electronics or computers.
You should still unplug such devices during thunderstorms to ensure sufficient protection.
Residential Load Estimation:
We made calculation of all lights installed in our homes and also determined the energy
consumption of other small and heavy loads. We found wattage of each and every equipment like
tubelights, savers, fans, AC, water electric heater, dispenser, etc. then calculated their usage
duration per day and then determined power capacity of all load per day in kW.
Hospital Sockets Calculation

We were given Mukhtar A.Sheikh Hospital, Multan which came to NESPAK for designing . We
determined the different types of sockets after calculating the power capacity of every equipments
for installation in the hospital. We have been given a list of equipments including motorized patient
bed, patient monitor, tv, fridge, laser unit, auto clave, dental chair, etc. we searched wattages of all
equipments listed in a sheet we were given, and then found different sockets like 16A,250 V,2 PINB
EARTH,SINGLEX AND DUPLEX SCHUKO OUTLET, 15A 250 V 3 PIN SWITCH SOCKET OUTLET, etc as per
wattages of equipments.
Site 616 Karachi:
In this project,we determined number of lights and also their types to be installed in every room of
site 616.For example we set 300 lux in office type rooms,150 lux in sailor type rooms,50 lux in wash
and toilets.According to this calculation,we placed the required no.of lights through diaLUX
software. Through this task,we got a chance to learn diaLUX and many other little things.
Electrical conduit:
An electrical conduit is a tubing system used for protection and routing of electrical wiring. Electrical
conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Flexible conduit is available for special
purposes.
Conduit is generally installed by electricians at the site of installation of electrical equipment. Its use,
form, and installation details are often specified by wiring regulations, such as the US National
Electrical Code (NEC) or other national or local code. The term "conduit" is commonly used by
electricians to describe any system that contains electrical conductors, but the term has a more
restrictive technical definition when used in official wiring regulations
Comparison with other wiring methods:
Electrical conduit provides very good protection to enclosed conductors from impact, moisture, and
chemical vapors. Varying numbers, sizes, and types of conductors can be pulled into a conduit, which
simplifies design and construction compared to multiple runs of cables or the expense of customized
composite cable. Wiring systems in buildings may be subject to frequent alterations. Frequent wiring
changes are made simpler and safer through the use of electrical conduit, as existing conductors can
be withdrawn and new conductors installed, with little disruption along the path of the conduit.
Cable tray
In the electrical wiring of buildings, a cable tray system is used to support insulated electric cables

used for power distribution and communication. Cable trays are used as an alternative to open
wiring or electrical conduit systems, and are commonly used for cable management in commercial
and industrial construction. They are especially useful in situations where changes to a wiring system
are anticipated, since new cables can be installed by laying them in the tray, instead of pulling them
through a pipe.
Types
Several types of tray are used in different applications. A solid-bottom tray provides the maximum
protection to cables, but requires cutting the tray or using fittings to enter or exit cables. A deep,
[1]
solid enclosure for cables is called a cable channel or cable trough.
A ventilated tray has openings in the bottom of the tray, allowing some air circulation around the
cables, water drainage, and allowing some dust to fall through the tray. Small cables may exit the
tray through the ventilation openings, which may be either slots or holes punched in the bottom. A
ladder tray has the cables supported by a traverse bar, similarly to the rungs of a ladder, at regular
intervals on the order of 4 to 12 inches (100 to 300 mm).
Ladder and ventilated trays may have solid covers to protect cables from falling objects, dust, and
water
CABLE LADDER:
Ladder is more suitable for more and larger cables than tray. We use it for cables stiff enough to
support their own weight between rungs. It is used for low and medium voltage. It has the
advantage of less dust sitting on it.
GROUNDING REQUIREMENT OF POWER HOUSE:
“Electrical grounding has two function,(earthing) and a (bonding function)”
FUNCTION OF ELECTRICAL GROUNDING:
A major purpose of grounding is to provide a path so a “short” will trip a breaker,that requires a low
resistance path back to the power source which is the utility transformer path relies on a neutral
ground connection required at all services.
The second grounding fuction is actually the collection of three safety function
 Minimize voltage between exposed metal and earth

 Minimize the voltage between the power wires and earth
 Provide a sink for lightning,power line crosses,and similar hazards
 Required for safety ,lest fuses blow
Some discussion are given below:
 Example: toaster falls into metal sink

 House plumbing(grounds the plumbing)
 Entering metal water pipe (grounds the system)
 Grounding electrode(2 now recommended)
 Continuous, no splices, water bypass
 Copper ground wires and grounding conductor(corrosion resistant)
 Al insulated solid conductor
Al insulated multistrand

 Al bare vs insulated(risk of corrosion, break in wire, loss of safe grounding)
WHAT IS ELECTRICAL BONDING. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
The path from ground conductor(which is not necessarily a wire) to the service panel through the
neutral ground connection and back to the transformer via the service neutral. To provide high
current to trip a breaker this must be a metal path
The earth is not too far high in electrical resistance and is not allowed to be the path. In fact, this
function will work if the service is not connected to earth. This function might best be called
‘bonding’.
Connecting exposed metal together to minimize voltage between surfaces is also a bonding function.
STEPS FOR DESIGNING THE GROUNDING SYSTEM OF A BUILDING:
STEP 1:
A soil resistivity test is performed to detrrmine the soil resistivity profile and the soil model needed.
STEP 2:
The conductor size is determined considering the max possible expected current that can flow in the
system.
STEP 3:
Tolerable touch and step voltages are determined.
STEP 4:
A conductor loop should surround the entire grounded area plus adequate cross conductors are
provided for convenient access for equipment.
STEP 5:
Computer analysis is performed to compute the resistance of the equipments of the grounding
system with a higher degree of accuracy.
STEP 6:
If the touch voltages, GPR and step voltages are within tolerable limits, the desighn is successful. If
not, the desighn has to be revised.
STEP 7:
If revision is required, it may include additional ground rods, smaller conductor spacing, additional
ground rods may be required at base of surge arrestors, transformer neutrals, etc.
GROUNDING REQUIREMENT OF ANY SERVICE BUILDING EQUIPMENT:
All electrical equipments require grounding. There are 2 types of grounding requirements of a
building:
1) For neutral grounding

2) For body grounding
NEUTRAL GROUNDING:
In this, we ground the neutral so as to make the neutral at zero voltage level. This is done for three
phase machines such as 3 phase motors. The methods for neutral grounding are:
1) Solid grounding

2) Resistance grounding
3) Resonance grounding
4) Grounding through earthing transformer
1) SOLID GROUNDING:

In this, a wire is used for grounding. This has the disadvantage that high current flows in case of
fault and when the breaker is tripped, it is tripped for a long time. It is used for <600V.
2) RESISTANCE GROUNDING:

In this, resistor is used for grounding. This has the advantage that fault current is limited,
overvoltages are minimized fault energy is minimized and fault current is still sufficient to
provide easy detection and isolation.
3) RESONANCE GROUNDING:

Inductor is used for grounding. Its disadvantage is that heavy oscillatory power is present which
damages the system. Its advantage is that helps in arc suppression.
4) EARTHING TRANSFORMER;

It is used to provide grounding where delta connection is available and to provide a neutral for
delta system. It is also called zig zag transformer.
BODY GROUNDING:
In this method, the metallic body of the equipment is grounded. This is done so that if incase a live
wire touches the body so the current would flow to the ground thus opening the circuit breaker and
stopping any damage to the personnel.
There are 5 grounding methods:
1) Driven rod

2) Advanced driven rod
3) Grounding plate
4) Electrolytic electrode
5) Earth mesh
Phase Reversible Changeover:

LT Control Switches, these switches are suitable for humid, dusty and corrosive atmosphere. The range is
used in domestic, commercial and industrial applications. The switches are in fixed and semi draw-out type
configuration with single front design.
Uses:
It is use for lightning/motor circuits wherever continuity of supply is necessary for switching and
alternative source from main supply and vice versa they are switch disconnectors for independent
manual operation capable of making, breaking & carrying current, under normal circuit conditions
which may include operation overload conditions & specified abnormal conditions such as short
circuit.
Contact mechanism:
It is knife blade type self-cleaning action during operation. The fixed contact terminals in each phase
have separate main and arcing contents
Construction:
It has a unique modular construction. It consist of 2 load switches and disconnectors coupled
together and mechanically interlocked with a common outgoing and operable by signal handle
having 1-0-11 position.
Communication:
Explained by Engr.Noman
Some main points are given below:
Structure cabling is use in CCTV internet etc. cross cable is used for communication between
computers.
There are 2 points in a workplace, one for telephone and the other for network.
NTC gives telephone lines in government organization while PTCL gives in private organization.
PABX stands for private automatic branch exchange. For using more computer on few lines for
telecommunication.
PRI stands for primary rate interface.
BRI stands for binary rate interface.
Office cabling:
1. Structured cabling network

2. Fire alarm system
3. CCTV system
4. Public address system
5. Access control system
6. CATV system
Airport:
1. Flight information display system

2. X-ray baggage machine
3. Master clock system
Hospital:
Nurse call system.
Jacks:
There are 2 jacks
1. Telephone jack: RJ-11 (Registered Jack 11)

2. Data jack: RJ-45
Office lines:

1. Extension point
2. Direct line (has a dedicated number)
3. Fax line
4. Hot line: used at very large level and very seldom. It works through all wireless, wired ways
etc.
5. Parallel line
6. Steno line: it doesn’t goes directly to high official
CAT cables:
CAT-1 to cat-7
CAT-6.7 is normally used.
Cat-3 and 5 are the backbone cables. They are used between DB to DB connections while CAT-
1.2.3.4 is obsolete.
OLT stands for optical line terminal
At every 100 sq.ft. 1 telephone and one data and 2 power points are given.
For designing a telecommunication system, a head equipment is made
BD stands for building distributor while FD stands for floor distributor.
CCTV cameras:
They are of 2 categories
1. General monitoring

2. Security
They are of 2 types
1. IP
2. Conventional
They can be of the following forms
1. Fixed dome/box camera (it cannot move and is used as at entrance and exit)
2. Pts. dome camera (pan tilt zoom)
3. Thermal camera: used in outer premises it captures heat.
4. Artificial intelligence camera: it is expensive. If someone goes the wrong way it beeps.
Types of lenses:
1. Fixed lens
2. Vary focal lens (it can zoom in/out)

3. Zoom lens (it can zoom very much)
FOH stands for field of horizontal
DTO stand for distance to object.

BMS stands building management system.
After 90m one cannot extend copper telecommunication cable.
Fiber optics cable:
1. Single mode (5 till 80 km, the wavelength is 1550,1310 nm)

2. Multi-mode (2 km, the wavelength is 850,1300 nm)
Single mode is standard cable.
Conclusion:
In the end I would like to say that during my period in NESPAK Karachi Office as an internee I have
come across some wonderful professionals and by virtue of their commitment and dedication to
their work I have gained wonderful experience and knowledge of the corporate World and how it
functions. I would like to thank NEDUET’s DIL (Directorate of Industrial Liasion) and NESPAK Karachi
Office for providing me with this glorious opportunity to be a part of this highly esteemed
organization.

Nespak Internship Report

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nespak Internship Report

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

8/10/2019 NESPAK Internship Report

In order to provide a substantial contribution to the project work, an understanding of the

 Introduction to the organization

 Site engineering work- Project Procedure

 Power load calculation

 Lighting load calculation

 Implementation of above techniques in sites

 Phase reversible changeover switch

The National Engineering Services Pakistan (reporting name: NESPAK), is a multinational and

Public Health Engineering Sector

Project is basically an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a

Electrical projects includes three categories:

It includes all the equipments required for 132kV,66kV,11kV,surge arrestors,tc.

It includes equipments like transformers,generators,lighting,power,DB’s,MCC’s,earthing

It includes equipments for fire alarm,public addressing,CCTV for security,BMS(Building

Site Engineering Work - Project Procedure

There are 3 main things:

 Contractor’s time schedule.(1 step)

 It is checked out if BOQ, activities, etc are right or not.

 It is send to head office.

 Shop drawing is very important.

EARTHING OF A APARTMENT BUILDING

Conventional Lightning Protection System

STORMASTER Early Streamer Emission Air Terminal

emit from other structures. Its streamer reaches the

LPI Early Streamer Emission Air Terminal

LPI STORMASTER ESE terminals tested

not only specialized on the Air

Standard Protection (Level-3) - Radius of Protection (Rp)

h = height of terminal above area to be protected (m) 2

Components of a lightning protection system

Lightning protection facts

1. Halogen lamp

Earthing Of An Apartment Building

Conventional Lightning Protection System

Components Of A Lightning Protection System

Lightning Protection Facts:

Residential Load Estimation:

Hospital Sockets Calculation

Site 616 Karachi:

Comparison with other wiring methods:

In the electrical wiring of buildings, a cable tray system is used to support insulated electric cables

GROUNDING REQUIREMENT OF POWER HOUSE:

“Electrical grounding has two function,(earthing) and a (bonding function)”

FUNCTION OF ELECTRICAL GROUNDING:

 Minimize voltage between exposed metal and earth

Some discussion are given below:

 Example: toaster falls into metal sink

 Al bare vs insulated(risk of corrosion, break in wire, loss of safe grounding)

WHAT IS ELECTRICAL BONDING. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

STEPS FOR DESIGNING THE GROUNDING SYSTEM OF A BUILDING:

GROUNDING REQUIREMENT OF ANY SERVICE BUILDING EQUIPMENT:

1) For neutral grounding

1) Solid grounding

1) SOLID GROUNDING:

2) RESISTANCE GROUNDING:

3) RESONANCE GROUNDING:

4) EARTHING TRANSFORMER;

There are 5 grounding methods:

1) Driven rod

Phase Reversible Changeover:

Some main points are given below:

PRI stands for primary rate interface.