Multiplexer / Demultiplexer

&
Encoder / Decoder
 Multiplexer / Demultiplexer
This presentation will demonstrate
• The basic function of the Multiplexer (MUX).
• The typical application of a MUX.
• A 4-to-1 MUX designed with Small Scale Integration (SSI).
• A 4-to-1, 8-to-1, & 16-to-1 Medium Scale Integration (MSI)
MUX.
• The basic function of the Demultiplexer (DEMUX).
• The typical application of a DEMUX.
• A 1-to-4 DEMUX design with Small Scale Integration (SSI).
• A 1-to-4, 1-to-8, & 1-to-16 Medium Scale Integration (MSI)
DEMUX.
• A 7-segment message display using MUX/DEMUX.
2
What is a Multiplexer (MUX)?
• A MUX is a digital switch that has
multiple inputs (sources) and a Multiplexer
Block Diagram
single output (destination).
• The select lines determine which
input is connected to the output. 2N 1
Output

MUX
Inputs
• MUX Types (sources) (destination)
 2-to-1 (1 select line)
 4-to-1 (2 select lines)
 8-to-1 (3 select lines) N
 16-to-1 (4 select lines)
Select
Lines

3
Typical Application of a MUX
Multiple Sources Selector Single Destination

MP3 Player
Docking Station

D0
Laptop
D1

MUX
Sound Card Y
D2

D3

Surround Sound System

Digital B A Selected Source

Satellite
0 0 MP3
0 1 Laptop
1 0 Satellite
Digital
1 1 Cable TV
Cable TV
4
4-to-1 Multiplexer (MUX)

D0

D1

MUX
Y
D2

D3

B A

B A Y

0 0 D0

0 1 D1

1 0 D2

1 1 D3

5
4-to-1 Multiplexer Waveforms
D0

D1
Input
Data
D2

D3

A
Select
Line
B

Output
Y Data
D0 D1 D2 D3 D0 D1 D2 D3
6
 Medium Scale Integration MUX

4-to-1 MUX 8-to-1 MUX 16-to-1 MUX

Inputs Output (Y)

(and inverted output)

Select
Enable

7
What is a Demultiplexer (DEMUX)?
• A DEMUX is a digital switch with
Demultiplexer
a single input (source) and a Block Diagram
multiple outputs (destinations).
• The select lines determine which
output the input is connected to.

DEMUX
1 2N
Input Outputs
• DEMUX Types (source) (destinations)
 1-to-2 (1 select line)
 1-to-4 (2 select lines)
 1-to-8 (3 select lines) N
 1-to-16 (4 select lines) Select
Lines

8
Typical Application of a DEMUX
Single Source Selector Multiple Destinations

B/W Laser
Printer

Fax
Machine

D0

DEMUX
X D1

D2 Color Inkjet
Printer
D3

B A Selected Destination
0 0 B/W Laser Printer Pen
Plotter
0 1 Fax Machine
1 0 Color Inkjet Printer
1 1 Pen Plotter

9
1-to-4 De-Multiplexer (DEMUX)
D0

DEMUX
D1
X
D2

D3

B A

B A D0 D1 D2 D3

0 0 X 0 0 0

0 1 0 X 0 0

1 0 0 0 X 0

1 1 0 0 0 X

10
1-to-4 De-Multiplexer Waveforms

X Input
Data

S0
Select
Line
S1

D0

D1
Output
Data
D2

D3
11
Medium Scale Integration DEMUX

1-to-4 DEMUX 1-to-8 DEMUX 16-to-1 MUX

Select
Outputs
(inverted)
Input
(inverted)

Note : Most Medium Scale Integrated (MSI) DEMUXs , like the

three shown, have outputs that are inverted. This is done because
it requires few logic gates to implement DEMUXs with inverted
outputs rather than no-inverted outputs.
12
 Seeing Is NOT Always Believing
• Our lives are filled with electronic
signs that display the time,
temperature, or ball game score.
However, what we see is not
always what is really happening.
brgprecision.com
• In fact for most displays, the
individual display segments are electronic-scoreboard.com
cycled through so that only one
display is on at any given time.
• The cycle speed is so fast that the
human eye perceives that all
segments are on.
digicam-tech.com
nu-mediadisplays.com/signs/time-
displays.php

13
Simple Message: All Segments On
• The circuit to the right uses
four 7-segment displays to
display the word CIAO. In
this circuit all displays are
continuously illuminated,
each displaying one letter in
the word.
• Though this method works, it
is a VERY inefficient use of
power. To illuminate the
simple message CIAO in this
way, 18 segments must be
continuously on.
• Can you think of another way
to display this message that
would use less power? 14
14
 Multiplexed Displays Segments
Manual Selector Demultiplexer Multiplexed Displays

• In this circuit the display segments are

multiplexed, meaning that only one
display is on at a time.
• To display the entire word, the displays
must be de-multiplexed using a 1-to-4
DEMUX.
• In this example the select lines that
control the DEMUX are connected to
two switches. You must toggle 00, 01,
10, 11 to see the entire message.
(Not Practical) 15
Let’s See How It Works

Click Schematic to Play Video

16
Complete Design

This is a ripple counter

(remember the dice game).
We will learn how to design
a ripple counter in unit 3.
17
 Encoder/Decoder
ENCODER- An Encoder is a device that converts the active
data signal into a coded message format or it is a device
that coverts analogue signal to digital signals. It is a
combinational circuit, that converts binary information in the
form of a 2N input lines into N output lines which represent
N bit code for the input. When an input signal is applied to
an encoder then logic circuitry involved within it converts
that particular input into coded binary output.
A0 O0
A1 O1
A2 O2 ONLY ONE INPUT
A3 ENCODER
ACTIVATED AT A TIME
A4
A5 BINARY CODE OUTPUT
A6
A7
 A0 O0
A1 O1
A2 O2
DECODER O3 BINARY CODE INPUT
O4
ONLY ONE OUTPUT
O5
ACTIVATED AT A TIME
O6
O7

DECODER- A decoder is also a combinational circuit as

encoder but its operation is exactly reverse as that of the
encoder. A decoder is a device that generates the original
signal as output from the coded input signal and coverts n
lines of input into 2N lines of output. An AND gate can be
used as the basic decoding element because it produces a
high output only when all inputs are high..
19
 THE 8421 BCD CODE
• BCD stands for Binary-Coded Decimal.

• A BCD number is a four-bit binary group that

represents one of the ten decimal digits 0 through 9.

Example:
Decimal number 4926 4 9 2 6

8421 BCD coded number 0100 1001 0010 0110

10 line to 4 line Encoder
 10 line to 4 line Encoder
DECIMAL BINARY (BCD)
8 4 2 1
ENCODER
9 5V
8 5V 74147
I9
7 5V I8
6 5V I7 A3
I6 A2
5 5V I5 A1
I4 A0
4 5V I3
I2
3 5V I1
2 5V
1 5V
 4 line to 10 line Decoder
DECIMAL
9
8
DECODER 7
74LS42
BINARY (BCD) 9 6
8
7 5
6
5
8 0V 4 4
A3 3
4 0V A2 2
2 0V
A1
A0
1
0
3
1 0V 2
1
0
 DECODERS: BCD TO
7-SEGMENT DECODER/DRIVER
BCD input Decimal output
LED
01
0010
1
BCD-to-
7-Segment
Decoder/
Driver

• Electronic decoders are available in IC form.

• This decoder translates from BCD to decimal.
• Decimals are shown on an 7-segment LED display.
• This IC also drives the 7-segment LED display.
 TEST
Q #5-
#1- What is the decimal output from the decoder that
#2-
#3-
#4-
appears on the 7-segment display?
Answer: 6
3
0
9
7

BCD input
Decimal output
010 100 010 011
0
BCD-to-
7-Segment
Decoder/
Driver ?