This session describes the construction and operation of products (sensors) associated with the input

signal of the ECD system.

1 Speed Sensor
This is an electromagnetic sensor for detecting the cam angle of the injection
pump. There is a magnet and a coil inside the sensor, and as the pulsar rotates,
the magnetic flux that passes through the coil increases, generating an
alternating current. The pulsar is constructed of 56 teeth, with 4 toothless
sections each the size of 2 teeth. The pulsar rotates once for every 2 rotations
of the engine, generating a cam angle pulse at the electromagnetic sensor.
From the number of these pulses and the interval between them, the engine
ECU calculates the cam angle and the engine speed.
The speed sensor, along with the throttle position sensor and the accelerator
sensor, is one of the main sensors used for calculating the basic injection Speed Sensor Connector
volume.
Coil Pulsar
Magnet Speed Sensor

Toothless Section

Pulsar
Roller Ring

Speed Sensor

+
Output
Voltage 0

- Sensor Output Signal Time

2 Throttle Position Sensor

This sensor is installed on the venturi (intake) and moves in unison with the main valve in order to detect the throttle
position. The sensor is constructed with a variable resistor to detect the throttle position and a contact point to detect
the idle position. Along with the speed sensor, it is one of the main sensors used for calculating the basic injection
volume.

Throttle Position
Sensor

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 2-1 Throttle Position Detection
The sensor is constructed with a resistor and a moving contact point in order to convert the position of the main
valve into a voltage value. The engine ECU supplies 5V to the VC terminal. Because the sensor moves in unison
with the main valve, when the moving contact point moves, a voltage proportionate to the throttle position is output
from the VA terminal.

2-2 Idle Position Detection

The idle condition is detected by whether the contact
point is on or off. The contact point closes when the main
valve is fully closed (idling), which generates continuity
between the IDL terminal and E2. When not idle, the
contact point is open. The engine ECU judges whether
or not the engine is idling, and corrects the idle speed
control and the acceleration rate.

3 Accelerator Sensor
In some systems, the venturi (throttle valve) does not work in unison with the accelerator pedal. These systems use
an accelerator sensor that is installed on the accelerator pedal and directly detects the accelerator position. This
sensor uses a hall element that reacts to magnetic force to generate electromotive force. It is a non-contact type using
a dual system with two internal electric circuits, increasing durability and reliability. Along with the speed sensor, it is
one of the main sensors used for calculating the basic injection volume.

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 4 Intake Air Pressure Sensor
This sensor detects the air pressure inside the intake manifold and sends a voltage signal to the engine ECU. It is a
semi conductor pressure sensor, with internal crystals (silicone chips) that change their electrical resistance when
pressure is increased. The intake air pressure (absolute pressure) is converted into an electrical signal and amplified.
It is sent to the engine ECU, where the intake air volume is calculated. The output voltage increases during the
charging boost of the turbo charger, in order to increase the injection volume.

5 Coolant Temperature Sensor and Intake Air Temperature Sensor

The coolant temperature sensor is installed on the engine cylinder block to detect the temperature of the engine
coolant. The sensor uses a thermistor, the resistance of which varies according to the temperature. The temperature
variation is converted into a resistance variation, which is detected. As the temperature increases, the resistance of
the thermistor decreases. When the coolant temperature is low, the injection volume is increased and the injection
timing is advanced.
The intake air temperature sensor is installed inside the air cleaner to detect the temperature of the intake air. The
sensor uses the same type of thermistor as the coolant temperature sensor. The density of the air varies with
temperature, so the injection volume is corrected.

6 Fuel Temperature Sensor

The fuel temperature sensor is installed on the injection pump. It detects the temperature of the fuel and sends the
information to the engine ECU. It uses the same type of thermistor as the coolant temperature sensor. The viscosity
of the fuel varies with temperature, so the injection volume is corrected.

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 7 Correction Resistor and Correction ROM
A resistor molded from plastic or a ROM is installed on the side of the injection pump. The engine ECU reads the
data from the resistor or ROM to calculate the fuel injection volume. There are 31 types of resistors with different
resistance values, so the most appropriate one is used.
The ROM type can store over 10 data points dealing with the engine speed and the accelerator position. This enables
high accuracy fuel injection control whatever the engine conditions, which lowers exhaust gas emissions. The ROM
can be modified when adjusting the pump, so that during normal driving a fixed value is input to the engine ECU.

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