HKDSE Biology – a modern approach 7

Answers to Coursebook Exercises

34 Use of Microorganisms

Check your progress

34.1 Beneficial microorganisms

True or false

1. F
2. T
3. T (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

34.2 Food production

Multiple choice

1. A
2. D
3. A (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

34.3 Food processing

True or false

1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F (1 mark each)
(Total: 5 marks)

34.4 Vaccines

Multiple choice

1. C
2. A

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 HKDSE Biology – a modern approach 7
Answers to Coursebook Exercises

3. B (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

34.5 Antibiotics

True or false

1. F
2. T
3. T (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

34.6 Industrial enzymes

Question

1. (a) Pectin is a component of the cell walls. (1 mark)

Pectinase can be used to extract juice from fruit because
pectinase catalyses the breakdown of pectins, (1 mark)
hence facilitating the breakdown of fruit cells. (1 mark)
(b) cellulase (1 mark)
(c) Pectins enter the fruit juice which will make the juice become cloudy. (1 mark)
The presence of pectinase makes the fruit juice clearer. (1 mark)
(Total: 6 marks)

34.7 Sewage treatment

Question

1. (a) Agricultural / Household / Domestic sewage (1 mark)

(b) Grit chamber and primary sedimentation tank remove solid / insoluble waste from the
sewage, (1 mark)
thus reducing the amount of organic waste / pollutant in the sewage. (1 mark)
(c) Activated sludge contains live / active microorganisms (1 mark)
which are needed in aeration tank for breaking down the organic waste / pollutant in
the sewage aerobically. (1 mark)
(d) Methane (1 mark)
It is formed by breaking down the organic waste / pollutant anaerobically. (1 mark)
(Total: 7 marks)

34.8 Pollution indicators

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 HKDSE Biology – a modern approach 7
Answers to Coursebook Exercises

Multiple choice

1. D
2. D
3. C (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

34.9 Biogas production

True or false

1. T
2. F
3. F
4. T (1 mark each)
(Total: 4 marks)

34.10 Microbial genetics

Multiple choice

1. D
2. B
3. A (1 mark each)
(Total: 3 marks)

Revision Exercise

Structured questions

1. (a) Barley grains mainly contain starch. (1 mark)

Before fermentation, starch in barley grains must be converted to glucose (1 mark)
by the natural amylase in barley grains (1 mark)
which can be activated by water / being soaked in water. (1 mark)
(b) In step 3, sugars in the crushed barley grains are extracted by water. (1 mark)
Step 2 facilitates step 3 by increasing the surface area of the barley grains (1 mark)
so that sugars can dissolve in water more easily.
(c) Hops give the characteristic bitter flavour to the beer. OR
Hops have anti-bacterial properties. (1 mark)
(d) Yeast / Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (1 mark)

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 HKDSE Biology – a modern approach 7
Answers to Coursebook Exercises

Glucose  Ethanol / Alcohol + Carbon dioxide (2 marks)

(e) Aged beer is clearer. (1 mark)
(Total: 11 marks)

2. (a) Cloudy area indicates the growth / presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1 mark)
Clear area indicates the absence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1 mark)
(b) Antibiotic C (1 mark)
because Mycobacterium tuberculosis can still grow near / around antibiotic C. (1 mark)
(c) The results do not support it. (1 mark)
As shown by the results, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was absent in the overlapping
area between antibiotic A and antibiotic B, (1 mark)
indicating that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was inhibited by both antibiotics at the
same time. (1 mark)
(Total: 7 marks)

3. (a) The sedimentation tank causes the sewage to become stagnant (1 mark)
so that large / solid / insoluble substances in the sewage settle to the bottom. OR
so that large / solid / insoluble substances are separated from the liquid part of the
sewage. (1 mark)
(b) In the aeration tank, aerobic microorganisms (1 mark)
break down the organic matter in the sewage into harmless carbon dioxide and water.
(1 mark)
In the anaerobic digester, anaerobic microorganisms (1 mark)
break down the large / solid / insoluble substances into methane. (1 mark)
(c) for reclamation (1 mark)
as organic fertiliser (1 mark)
(Total: 8 marks)

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