JAWAPAN

BAB
1 Fungsi

1.1 Fungsi

A 1. P Q (iii) {(6, 3), (8, 5), (10, 7)}

7

6 3 5
Q (iv) f : x → x – 3
8 5 3
atau / or
10 7 6 8 10 f(x) = x – 3
P

2. (iii) {(–2, 4), (–1, 2), (0, 0), (1, –2)}

P Q 4

–2 –2 2
(iv) f : x → –2x
Q
–1 0 0
atau / or
0 2 –2
f(x) = –2x
1 4
–2 –1 0 1
P
3. (iii) {(–2, 4), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}
P Q 9
–2 1 4
Q (iv) f : x → x2
1 1
4 atau / or
2
9 –2 1 2 3 f(x) = x2
3 P

B 1. x + 1 ≠ 0 2. (a) Objek / Object = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}

x ≠ –1 Domain = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
Kodomain / Codomain = {–5, –3, 3}
Maka / Hence, a = –1 Imej / Image = {–5, –3, 3}
Julat / Range = {–5, –3, 3}
2.
2x – 3 ≠ 0
(b) Objek / Object = {1, 2, 3}
x ≠ 3 Domain = {1, 2, 3}
2
Maka / Hence, a = 3 Kodomain / Codomain = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
2 Imej / Image = {1, 3, 5}
Julat / Range = {1, 3, 5}
C 2x , jika / if x > 0
|2x| = 3. (a) Objek / Object = {–2, –1, 1, 2}
–2x , jika / if x , 0
Domain = {–2, –1, 1, 2}
D 1. (a) Objek / Object = {2, 4, 8} Kodomain / Codomain = {2, 4, 6, 8}
Domain = {2, 4, 8} Imej / Image = {2, 8}
Kodomain / Codomain = {1, 2, 3, 4} Julat / Range = {2, 8}
Imej / Image = {1, 2, 3}
Julat / Range = {1, 2, 3} (b) Objek / Object = {–4, 0, 2}
Domain = {– 4, 0, 2}
(b) Objek / Object = {14, 23, 34, 44} Kodomain / Codomain = {1, 2, 3}
Domain = {14, 23, 34, 44} Imej / Image = {1, 3}
Kodomain / Codomain = {5, 6, 7, 8} Julat / Range = {1, 3}
Imej / Image = {5, 7, 8}
Julat / Range = {5, 7, 8} E 1. (a) Domain:
–5 < x < 5
Julat / Range:
–2 < f(x) < 8

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   Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4 Jawapan Bab 1

(b) Domain: I 1. (a) 5x – 3 = 7

0 < x < 7
5x = 7 + 3
Julat / Range:
–2 < f(x) < 5 x = 10
5
2. (a) Domain: x = 2
–3 < x < 2
Julat / Range: (b) f(x) = 2x + 8 , f(x) = 3
3
2 < f(x) < 11 2x + 8 = 3
3
(b) Domain: 2x + 8 = 9
0 < x < 6 2x = 9 – 8
Julat / Range:
–6 < f(x) < 2 x = 1
2
3. (a) Domain:
2. (a) g(x) = 8
–7 < x < 1
Julat / Range: 6
0 < f(x) < 9 x + 8 = 8

(b) Domain: 6 = 8(x + 8)

0 < x < 10 8x + 64 = 6
Julat / Range: 8x = –58
0 < f(x) < 7
x = – 29
4
F 1. (a) 5
(b) 9 (b) g(x) = –1
2. (a) 2 4 = –1
x–2
(b) 3
4 = –1(x – 2)
G 1. (a) 0 4 = –x + 2
(b) –2, 1 x = –2
2. (a) 1, 5 3. (a) h(x) = 8
(b) –2, 2
|3x + 5| = 8
H 1. (a) f(1) = 3( 1 ) – 2 3x + 5 = 8   atau / or  3x + 5 = –8
= 1 3x = 8 – 5 3x = –8 – 5
(b) f(x) = 9 + 2x x = 3 x = – 13
f(3) = 9 + 2(3) 3 3
= 15 x = 1

(c) f(x) = 8 – 13x (b) h(x) = 4

f(1) = 8 – 13(1) |3 – 2x| = 4
= –5 3 – 2x = 4   atau / or  3 – 2x = – 4
2. (a) g(2) = 22 + 7 –2x = 4 – 3 –2x = – 4 – 3
–2x = 1 –2x = –7
= 11
x = – 1 x = 7
(b) g(x) = 4 – x2 2 2
g(3) = 4 – 32
= –5
(c) g(x) = 3x2 + 1 1.2 Fungsi Gubahan
g(3) = 3(3)2 + 1
= 28 J 1. fg
3. (a) h(2) = |2( 2 ) – 5| 2.
ff
= | –1 |
= 1 K 1. (i) fg(x) = f( x – 8 )

(b) h(x) = |3 + 4x| = 2( x – 8 ) + 5

h(–2) = |3 + 4(–2)| = 2x – 16 + 5
= |–5| = 2x – 11
= 5
(c) h(x) = |x2 – 6| (ii) gf(x) = g( 2x + 5 )
h(2) = |22 – 6| = 2x + 5 – 8
= |–2| = 2x – 3
= 2

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 Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4 Jawapan Bab 1 

2. (i) fg(x) = f [g(x)] M 1. (a) fg(4) = f [( 4 ) + 6]

= f(x – 5)
= f( 10 )
= 2(x – 5) + 3
= 2x – 10 + 3 = 2( 10 ) – 3
= 2x – 7 = 17
(ii) gf(x) = g[f(x)] (b) fg(–1) = f [g(–1)]
= g(2x + 3) = f [3 – (–1)]
= 2x – 2 = f(4)
= 2(4) + 5
L 1. (a) fg(x) = f( 5x + 1 ) = 13
= ( 5x + 1 )2 (c) gh(1) = g [h(1)]
= 25x2 + 10x + 1 = g [1 + 4(1)2]
∴ fg : x → 25x2 + 10x + 1 = g(5)
= 2 – 3(5)
gf(x) = g( x2 )
= –13
= 5( x2 ) + 1
(d) hg(2) = h [g(2)]
= 5x2 + 1
= h [3 – 2(2)]
∴ gf : x → 5x2 + 1
= h(–1)
(b) fg(x) = f [g(x)] = (–1)2 + 4
= f(1 – 2x) =5
= (1 – 2x)2 2. (a) gf(1) = g[f(1)]
= 1 – 4x + 4x2 = g[( 1 ) + 1]
∴ fg : x → 1 – 4x + 4x2
= g( 2 )
gf(x) = g[f(x)]
= g(x2) = 8 +6
2
= 1 – 2(x­2)
= 1 – 2x2 = 10
∴ gf : x → 1 – 2x2
(b) gf(3) = g[f(3)]
1

1 2
2. (a) fg(x) = f  x

= g[2(3) + 3]
= g(9)
1
= x –3 =1– 3
9
= 2
3
= 1 – 3x , x ≠ 0
x 3. (a) f 2(3) = ff(3)
∴ fg : x → 1 – 3x = f [(f(3)]
x
= f [4( 3 ) + 3]
gf(x) = g( x – 3 )
= f( 15 )
= 1 ,x≠3
x–3 = 4( 15 ) + 3
∴ gf : x → 1
x–3 = 63

(b) fg(x) = f [g(x)] (b) f  2(–1) = ff(–1)

= f [f(–1)]
= f  2
x1 2 = f [1 – 3(–1)]
= f(4)
= 2 +1
x = 1 – 3(4)
= –11
= 2+x,x≠0
x N 1. (a) gf(x) = g [f(x)]
∴ fg : x → 2 + x = g(3 – 2x)
x
= 1 + 3 – 2x
gf(x) = g[f(x)] = 4 – 2x
= g(x + 1)
gf(x) = –2
= 2 , x ≠ –1 4 – 2x = –2
x+1
∴ gf : x → 2 2x = 4 + 2
x+1
x = 6
2
x = 3

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   Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4 Jawapan Bab 1

(b) fg(x) = f [g(x)] (b) g[f(x)] = 9x

= f(1 + 3x)
= 2(1 + 3x) – 3
g 3 = 9x
x 1 2
= 6x – 1 Katakan / Let y = 3
x
fg(x) = 5 Maka / Then x = 3
6x – 1 = 5 y
6x =
x =
6
1
g(y) = 9 3
y 1 2
= 27
2. (a) gf(x) = g [f(x)] y
= g( x2 + 4 )
∴ g : x → 27 , x ≠ 0
= 1 + 5( x2 + 4 ) x
= 5x2 + 21 P 1. f [g(x)] = 4x + 1

gf(x) = 26 f( x – 3 ) = 4x + 1
5x + 21 = 26
2
Katakan / Let y = x – 3
5x2 = 5 maka / then x = y + 3
x2 = 1 f(y) = 4(y + 3) + 1
x = 1, –1 = 4y + 13
(b) gf(x) = g[f(x)] \ f  : x → 4x + 13
= g(1 – x2) Bandingkan dengan / Compare with
= 3(1 – x2) – 4 f : x → mx + n
= –3x2 – 1 \ m = 4, n = 13

gf(x) = –13 2. f(x) = 3

–3x2 – 1 = –13 x
–3x2 = –12 f 2(x) = f  [f(x)]
x2 = 4
x = 2, –2
= f  3
x 1 2
O 1. (a) f [g(x)] = 6x – 7 3
=
2 g(x) + 1 = 6x – 7 3
x
2g(x) = 6x – 8
g(x) = 3x – 4 = x
∴ g : x → 3x – 4
f 3(x) = f [f 2(x)]
(b) f [g(x)] = 9x = f(x)
3 = 9x

g(x) = 3
x
g(x) = 3 f 4(x) = f [f 3(x)]
9x
= 1
3x
= f  3
x 1 2
∴ g : x → 1 , x ≠ 0 =
3
3x 3
2. (a) g[f(x)] = 2x – 11 x
= x
g( x – 3 ) = 2x – 11
Katakan / Let y = x – 3 f(x) = 3 , f 2(x) = x, f 3(x) = 3 , f 4 = x, …
x x
maka / then x = y + 3 Mengikut pola / Based on the pattern,
g(y) = 2(y + 3) – 11 f  2n
(x) = x
= 2y – 5
f 
2n + 1
(x) = 3
∴ g : x → 2x – 5 x
Maka / Therefore, f 13 (x) = 3
x

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 Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4 Jawapan Bab 1 

1.3 Fungsi Songsang 2. (10, 0)

Q 1. g–1 (9, 1)
(7, 2)
R 1. Fungsi f ini mempunyai fungsi songsang. Sebab f ialah fungsi
(4, 3)
satu dengan satu.
This function f has an inverse function. Because f is a one-to-one
function.
2.
Fungsi f ini tidak mempunyai fungsi songsang. Sebab f bukan V 1. (a) f(y) = x
fungsi satu dengan satu. y + 6 = x
This function f has no inverse function. Because f is not a one-to-one
y = x – 6
function.
f –1(x) = x – 6
S 1. f [g(x)] = f( x – 5 )
=(x–5)+5
(b) f(x) = x – 5
=x
Katakan / Let y = f –1(x),
g[f(x)] = g( x + 5 ) Maka / Therefore f(y) = x
= ( x + 5 ) – 5 y – 5 = x
= x y = x + 5

Oleh sebab fg(x) = gf(x) = x,maka g ialah fungsi songsang f –1(x) = x + 5
bagi f.
Since fg(x) = gf(x) = x, therefore g is the inverse function of f.
2. (a) g(y) = x
3 – 2y = x
2.
f [g(x)] = f(2x + 3)
3–x
= 2x + 3 – 3 y = 2
2
= x 3–x
g [f(x)] = g  x – 3
2 1 2 g –1(x) = 2

= 2 x –3 +3
2 1 2 (b) g(x) = 4x + 5
= x
Katakan / Let y = g–1(x),

Oleh sebab fg(x) = gf(x) = x, maka g ialah fungsi songsang Maka / Therefore g(y) = x
bagi f.
Since fg(x) = gf(x) = x, therefore g is the inverse function of f. 4y + 5 = x
y = x – 5
T 1. Domain bagi f / Domain of f : 4
–1 < x < 5 g –1(x) = x – 5
4
Julat bagi f / Range of f :
0<y<3 3. (a) h(y) = x
Domain bagi g / Domain of g : 3 = x
0<x<3 y+1
3 = x(y + 1)
Julat bagi g / Range of g :
3 = xy + x
–1 < y < 5
3 – x = xy
2. Domain bagi f / Domain of f :
0<x<4 y = 3 – 1, x ≠ 0
x
Julat bagi f / Range of f :
0<y<8 (b) h(x) = 2
3–x
Domain bagi g / Domain of g : Katakan / Let y = h–1(x),
0<x<8
Maka / Therefore h(y) = x
Julat bagi g / Range of g : 2 =
x
0<y<4 3–y
2 = x(3 – y)
U 1. (4, 1) 2 = 3x – xy

(2, 2) xy = 3x – 2

(0, 3) y = 3 – 2
x
h–1(x) = 3 – 2 , x ≠ 0
x

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   Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4 Jawapan Bab 1

4. (a) f(x) = 2a
PRAKTIS BERPANDU SPM
SPM x–b
f(3) = 4
1. g(2) = – 4
2p + q = – 4......................a 2a = 4
3–b
g(–3) = 6 2a = 12 – 4b................a
–3p + q = 6........................b f(4) = 1
a – b: 2a = 1
5p = – 10 4–b
p = –2 2a = 4 – b....................b

Gantikan p = –2 ke dalam a. a – b:
Substitute p = –2 into a. 0 = 8 – 3b
2(–2) + q = – 4 b= 8
q=0 3
Gantikan b = 8 ke dalam b.
3
2. f(x) = 1x 8
Substitute b = into b.
2 3

f(10) = 1 (10) 2a = 4 – 8
2 3
= 5  a = 2
3
gf(10) = 2
g(5) = 2 (b) f(x) = 2a tidak tertakrif jika / is underfined if x = b.
x–b
p + 5q = 2
p = 2 – 5q Maka / Therefore, x = 8
3

3. (a) f –1f(x) = x 5. (a) fg(x) = 10x – 1

fg(1) = 10(1) – 1
8 = x =9
f(x) + 2
8 = f(x) + 2 (b) fg(x) = 10x – 1

x 2[g(x)] – 3 = 10x – 1
2g(x) = 10x + 2
f(x) = 8 – 2, x ≠ 0 g(x) = 5x + 1
x

(b) f(x) = 2 6. (a) g(x) = 5x + 1

8 – 2 = Katakan / Let y = g–1(x),
2
x maka / therefore g(y) = x.
8 = 4 5y + 1 = x
x
y = x – 1
x = 2 5
g–1(x) = x – 1
5
PRAKTIS BERORIENTASIKAN SPM
SPM 3 – 1
g (3) =
–1
5
1. (a) (i) 9
(ii) {2, 3, 4, 5} = 2
5
(b) Bukan fungsi sebab objek 8 mempunyai dua imej, iaitu 2
dan 4. Kaedah Alternatif
Not a function because object 8 has two images that is 2 and 4. g–1(3) = x
2. (a) f(x) = 2x – 9 g(x) = 3
f(0) = 2(0) – 9
Maka / Therefore 5x + 1 = 3
= –9
(b) f(x) = 1 5x = 2
2x – 9 = 1 x = 2
2x = 10 5
x = 5 g-1(3) = 2
5
3. (a) 2
(b) f(x) = |4 + 2x| (b) hg(x) = h(5x + 1)
f(–3) = |4 + 2(–3)| = (5x + 1)2 – 2(5x + 1) + 3
= |–2| = 25x2 + 10x + 1 – 10x – 2 + 3
=2 = 25x2 + 2
(c) –4 < x < 0

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 Matematik Tambahan  Tingkatan 4 Jawapan Bab 1 

7. (a) f(x) = 5 11. (a) f(x) = 3x + 6

|x – 3| = 5 Katakan / Let y = f –1(x)
x – 3 = 5  ,  x – 3 = –5 maka / therefore f(y) = x
x = 8 x = –2 3y + 6 = x
3y = x – 6
(b) (i) {(–1, 1), (1, 1), (2, 8)}
(ii) {–1, 1, 2} y = x – 6
3
8. (a) f(x) = x + 3p f –1(x) = x – 6
3
f(–2) = 10
–2 + 3p = 10
3p = 12 (b) 1 2f 2 2k = 42
3
p = 4
ff 1 2k 2 = 42
(b) f(m) = 9 3
2m + m = 9
f 331 2 + 64 = 42
2k
3m = 9 3
m = 3 f(2k + 6) = 42
3(2k + 6) + 6 = 42
9. (a) g(4) = 3(4) 6k + 24 = 42
= 12 6k = 18
fg(4) = f(12) k = 3
= 6(12) + 5
= 77
12. (a) g : x → x – 1
(b) hg(x) = h(2x – 3) 3
= 4 + 3(2x – 3) (b) fg(x) = x2 – 2x – 8


=
=
4 + 6x – 9
6x – 5 1 3 2
f  x – 1 = x2 – 2x – 8

10. (a) f(x) = x – 6 Katakan / Let u = x – 1

3
f(4) = 4 – 6
maka / therefore 3u = x – 1
= –2
x = 3u + 1
(b) f(x) = x – 6
f(u) = (3u + 1)2 – 2(3u + 1) – 8
Katakan / Let y = f –1(x),
maka / therefore f(y) = x = 9u2 + 6u + 1 – 6u – 2 – 8
y – 6 = x = 9u2 – 9
y = x + 6 Maka / Therefore, f : x → 9x2 – 9
f­  –1(x) = x + 6
1 f –1(p) = f(4)
2 13. (a) f–1(2) = p
1 (p + 6) = –2 3(2) + 2 = p
Maka, jawapan yang ditulis murid itu adalah salah kerana
2
p + 6 = – 4 p = 8.
p = –10 Therefore, the answer wrote by the student is wrong because
p = 8.
Kaedah Alternatif
(b) g[f –1(x)] = 4 + 1
1 f –1(p) = f(4) x
2
g(3x + 2) = 4 + 1
1 f –1(p) = –2 x
2
f –1(p) = – 4 Katakan / Let y = 3x + 2

Maka f(– 4) = p maka / therefore x = y – 2

3
– 4 – 6  = p
4
p  = –10 g(y) = +1
y–2
3
= 12 + 1
y–2

∴g:x → 12 + 1, x ≠ 2
x–2

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