GENERAL

BOTANY
LABORATORY
 EXERCISE 7.1.1
EXERCISE 7.1.1

External Morphology of a Stem:

DICOT
STEM
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
 EXERCISE 7.1.2
EXERCISE 7.1.2

External Morphology of a Stem:

MONOCOT
STEM
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
Dracaena sanderiana
 EXERCISE 7.2.1
EXERCISE 7.2.1

Internal Morphology of a Stem:

Young
Herbaceous
Dicot Stem
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
 Procedures involved
Procedures involved making
making
cross-sections of
cross-sections of
young herbaceous
young herbaceous dicot
dicot stem.
stem.

01 Ready the things to be used.

The needed materials and tools are dish water,
mountant, coverslips, slides, razor blade, work of surface,
dissecting needles, and forceps.

02 Prepare the specimen.

Provide stem of Coleus scutellarioides.

03 Cut the stem with a blade.

Moist the blade. Be careful while gently cutting the
stem to get a thin layer. The thinnest possible is the
most ideal.

04 Transfer the specimen.

Using the dissecting needles and transfer them to the
glass slides. There will be two specimens, the unstained
and stained specimen.

05
Add stain to the specimen.
To the unstained specimen, add the cover slip, then
add little water to the side so that the specimen will
be surrounded with mountant. For the stained stem,
add 1-2 drops of TBO (Toluidine Blue O), then use
tissue to diffuse. Put little water to remove extra
stains in other sections.

06 Observe and study.

After it is mounted in glycerin then it is ready to be
observed under the microscope. Study it well and
record the findings.
Coleus scutellarioides.
 EXERCISE 7.2.2
EXERCISE 7.2.2
Internal Morphology of a Stem:

Young Woody
Dicot Stem
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
Tilia stem
 EXERCISE 7.2.3

Internal Morphology of a Stem:

Old Woody
Dicot Stem
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
Tamarindus indica
 EXERCISE 7.2.3

Internal Morphology of a Stem:

The Monocot
Stem
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
Zea mays
 EXERCISE 7.2.3

Specialized
Stem
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
RHIZOME

Zingeber officinale
TUBERS

Solanum tuberosom
SPINES AND TORNS

Rosa sp

TENDRILS

Cucurbita maxima
TENDRILS

Momordica charantia
PHYLLOCLADE

Euphorbia tirucalli
SPINE AND TORNS

Citrus maxima

OFFSET

Elodea sp.
TENDRILS

Antigonon leptopus
 EXERCISE 7.2.3

Transport of
Water and
Minerals in Plants
Anareta, Norielle Jean D.
BS BIOLOGY 1101
Modified specimen:

Cucurbita maxima

Cross-section

Longitudinal section