CHEM 113.

2 – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LABORATORY)

LABORATORY REPORT

Name: Czejan Rae Tabaranza Date Submitted: October 9, 2021

Lab Schedule: TTh 17:00 – 20:00 Date Performed: October 7, 2021

Experiment No. 1
Introduction: Safety Precautions and the Chemical Laboratory

I. OBJECTIVES

• To enhance chemical laboratory skills by understanding the basic things that are being done in the laboratory
(Measuring Volume, Measuring Weight, Precipitation, Decantation, Filtration, Evaporation)
• To be able to differentiate changes in a solution for every process done in a chemical laboratory exercise
• To be able to know the how separation of mixtures is being done using different methods
• To be able to list, identify, and make inferences based on the experiment videos shown.

Results Inference
1. Measuring Volume
When measuring a volume using a pipet and graduated
a. Using Pipet 10.0 mL of H2O cylinder, we have to check the following before we’ll
proceed to the experiment proper:
b. Using graduated cylinder 100 mL of H2O ⁃ confirm if it is clean & dry
⁃ check on the specification
⁃ check for leak and damages

When getting the measurement using these two, we

have to read the curved part on the solution called the
meniscus. Also, we have to make sure that air bubbles
are not present. While meaning, hold them on the eye
level and take note of the graduations where the
meniscus is.

In this experiment, using a graduated cylinder, we

2. Measuring Weight
a. Tare weight (wt. of container)
b. Gross weight (wt. of container w/ sand)
c. Net weight (wt. of sand)
measured 100 mL of H20. On the other hand, using the
pipet, it has an initial volume of 0 mL and a final volume
of 10 mL giving us a total volume of the liquid release of
10 mL of H20.
When using an analytical balance, we have to take note
2.2461 g of the following before the measuring proper:
- Warm it up for 30 mins
4.4840 g - Weigh first the weighing boat
- Record the weight of the weighing boat
2.2379 g

In order to get the net weight of the sample, for instance


3. Precipitation
a. Color of ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution
b. Color of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
c. Color precipitate
4. Decantation
a. Color of supernatant liquid
we have here the sand, taking note of the tare weight
before the one with sample will help us in the later
process. In this example, the tare weight is 2.2461g
Then after noting, add the amount of sand to our desired
amount. In here we have the gross weight of 8.4840 g.
To get the net weight, we have to subtract the tare
weight from the gross weight. Below is the formula:
Net Weight = Gross Weight – Tare Weight
Using the above formula, the net weight of the sand is
2.2379 g.
Also, in this device, we can get directly the net weight by
using its tare option.
Precipitate is defined as the solid that is formed in a
Orange- Brown chemical reaction that is either soluble or slightly soluble
in the solvent.
Colorless
In this process where we mix 1 molar of Ferric chloride
Brown FeCl3 (𝑎𝑞) and 3 molars of 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞) , solids are
formed in the mixture in a brown-dark brown color, the
precipitate. This is an indicator that there is precipitation
reaction happened between the process.
Moreover, the precipitate is being dissolved by adding
more solvent. For instance, here, we added more NaOH
(by drops) until no more precipitate is formed.
Furthermore, we can use this to conduct the proceeding
numbers. Here, we separated them into 2 different
containers for further use.
Decantation is defined as the process of separating
Light Yellow liquids from solids and other immiscible liquids by
removing the supernatant liquid from the precipitate.
Before decanting, weigh first the evaporating dish for
later use. In this case, its weight is 56.8255.
In Fe(OH)3 (𝑠) and 3𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) , we separated the
supernatant liquid in the beaker of the previous number
to the evaporating dish using the stirring rod. We have to
make sure that there’s no precipitate that goes to the
liquid. This process is now called as decantation.
On the other hand, the remaining precipitate in the
 beaker is being added with 2 mL of distilled water for
later use. In decantation, the Ferric hydroxide remained
at the bottom of the beaker.

That is how decantation is being done.

5. Filtration

a. Weight of filter paper 1.2519 g Filtration is the process of separating solid-liquid mixture
using a filter paper.
b. Wt. of filter and precipitate (after drying) 2.3090 g
The only difference between filtration and decantation is
c. Weight of precipitate 1.0571 g their means of separating the mixtures. As we know, in
decantation, the Ferric hydroxide remains in the beaker
d. Color of filtrate Light Yellow whereas in filtration, the Ferric hydroxide is contained in
the filter paper.

To do this procedure we have to take note of the

following:
- Prepare a filter paper, funnel, tripod, clay
triangle, stirring rod
- Fold the filter paper in quarters with one corner
torn off
- Weigh the filter paper (1.2519g)
- Moisten the filter paper and funnel using distilled
water and press it until there’s no air bubble left

As we pour the mixture, we can see that the liquid part

passed through the filter paper and is contained in the
evaporating dish. This part is called the filtrate. The
filtrate (3𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞) ) is in the color light yellow. The
Ferric hydroxide that is contained in the paper is called
the residue.

To get the weight of the precipitate, we will use this

formula:

Weight of Precipitate = Wt. of filter paper & precipitate –

weight of the filter paper

That is how the process of filtration is being done.

6. Evaporation
In this process, we placed supernatant liquid
a. Weight of evaporating dish 56.8255 g (3𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞)) in the heat to do the process called
evaporation.
b. Wt. of evap. dish and residue (after drying) 58.7243 g
Evaporation is a technique used to separate out
c. Weight of residue 1.8988 g homogenous mixtures that contain one or more
dissolved salts. Here, the supernatant liquid from the
d. Color of residue White previous procedures is being evaporated to restore its
e. Texture of residue Solid, rough solid form. Thus, from aqueous, it became solid through
evaporation.

To get the weight of the residue, we only have to

subtract the weight of the evaporated dish & residue
after drying and the weight of the evaporating dish.
Here, it gives us a weight of 1.8988g.

The texture of the residue now is solid, rough, and white.

We can refer to our table salt.

This is the result when we do evaporation.