km 13+550.000 km 13+750.000 200.00 2.

50
km 10+200.000 km 10+450.000 250.00 4.50
BP3 Track 2 km 11+450.000 km 11+550.000 100.00 4.00
km 13+250.000 km 13+350.000 100.00 2.50
West Junction km 0+000.000 km 0+338.000 338.00 4.50
km 0+000.000 km 0+100.000 100.00 2.50
BP4 km 0+100.000 km 0+800.000 700.00 4.50
South Junction
km 0+800.000 km 1+100.000 300.00 6.50
km 1+100.000 km 1+300.000 200.00 3.50
TABLE 4: APLICABILITY FOR SOIL REPLACEMENT SOLUTION

3.1.2 REINFORCED GRANULAR LAYER (FOR CUT AND EMBANKMENT)

The reinforced granular layer is a general improvement solution, both for the foundation ground and for the
filling in the body of the embankment works, due to the positive effects it brings after use.
This solution is composed of a layer of granular material with draining characteristics. In order to increase the
strength of the granular layer, geogrids are used, which take over the stretching effects that appeared in the
body of the embankment, thus improving the general stability. As a result of the use of geogrids in the granular
material layer and the way they are manufactured, with free spaces between the strips of material, a
confinement is achieved between these two materials which leads to an increase in the stiffness of the layer,
thus improving the uniform transmission of forces to the foundation ground. Due to the high permeability
compared to the surrounding materials, but also to the way of execution with longitudinal and transverse
slopes, the layer has also an anti capillary (draining) role, reducing the rise of groundwater capillarity, but also
captures the infiltrations coming from rainwater, thus protecting the body of the embankments and the
foundation soil. To ensure the long-term functionality the granular layer is wrapped in a geotextile with an
anti-contamination role, and for an increased evacuation of the captured waters, the granular layer is provided
with drainage tubes at the side ends.

FIGURE 4: REINFORCED GRANULAR LAYER (FOR CUT AND EMBANKMENT)

Due to the different conditions encountered during the Project, the improvement solution has been adapted
in two thicknesses as follows:
 reinforced granular layer with a thickness of 50cm, which was used in the case of cuttings and
embankments with a height of less than 6.00m, positioned at the level of the supporting layer;
 reinforced granular layer with a thickness of 50cm, which was used in the case of embankments with
a height of more than 6.00m, positioned at the level of the berm to ensure the stability of the upper
floor and to improve the general stability;
 reinforced granular layer with a thickness of 100 cm, which was used in the case of embankments with
a height of more than 6.00 m, positioned at the level of the support layer;

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