Creative Non-Fiction 12

Theme and Literary Techniques

3rd Quarter
Week 1

Development and Quality Assurance Team

Developer: Crisler R. Atibula

Evaluator: Melanie M. Lamigo & Kate Gulpan-Bardoquillo
Learning Area Supervisor: Camela G. Lerio

Illustration Credits:
Title Page: Marieto Cleben V. Lozada
Visual Cues: Ivin Mae M. Ambos

Competency: Analyze the theme and techniques used in a particular text

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have:

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
 o identified the literary techniques used in a particular text;
o discussed the theme and techniques used in a literary text; and
o expressed appreciation on the importance of theme and literary techniques.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

A theme is an underlying message of a poem or insight of a work of literature. It is also the idea
that the writer wishes to convey about the subject-the writer’s view of the world or a revelation about
human nature.

Theme is NOT:
 expressed in a single word
 the purpose of a work
 the moral
 the conflict

Literary devices are various elements and techniques used in writing that construct the whole of your
literature to create an intended perception of the writing for the reader.

Literary Techniques

1. Imagery is the usage of figurative language to make visual images of actions, objects and
ideas in our mind in such a way that they appeal to our physical senses.

Imagery is categorized into five types

a. Visual imagery – objects that provoke the sense of sight
b. Auditory imagery – those that trigger the sense of hearing
c. Olfactory imagery - those that stimulate the sense of smell
d. Tactile imagery - those that apprehend the sense of touch
e. Gustatory imagery - those that compel the sense of taste

For example:
The room was dark and gloomy. (The underlined words “dark” and “gloomy” are visual
images of the noun “room”.
The river was roaring in the mountains. (The underlined word “roaring” appeals to our
sense of hearing.)

2. Simile and Metaphor. These two are figures of speech which compare two different objects and
draws likeness between them. Their main difference is the use of “like” or “as” in simile while
metaphor does not.
For example
Her scent is like a flower. (Simile) 1
He is an old fox very cunning. (Metaphor)

3. Personification is giving the attribution of humans to animals, things or ideas.

For example:
The flowers are dancing in the rain.
Have you seen my new phone? She is a real beauty!

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
4. Irony is the usage of the words that completely opposes its literal meaning to for humor or
emphatic effect.
For example:
Coming home to a big mess and saying, “It’s great to be back”

Activity 1. Find Me!

Direction: Read carefully the given text and copy the table on a separate answer sheet. Check
the column “Present” when it has the literary technique mentioned and “Absent” if none.

Onions make us cry. Yet it spices up our appetites that adds flavor to foods even without
salt and sugar. Sizzling pork also known as “Sisig” without onions is like bread without butter.
Onions are frequently used in the preparation of soups, noodles, fried rice and other Filipino
recipes. This aromatic herb is one of the typical allium groups of plants. It is strongly flavored
and has a sharp odor which is due to the pungent oil that contains sulfur. So, when someone tells
you at work “Wow, you smell like an onion”, beware for it means that you smell very bad.
But onions not only satisfy our tummies, it may also be used in medical purposes. It can
stimulate bile production and lower the blood’s sugar level, cure hypertension, speed the healing
of gunshots wounds and can cure scorpion bites.

Literary Technique Present Absent

A. Imagery
B. Simile & Metaphor
C. Personification
D. Irony

Activity 2. Chew It Over!

Direction: Using the table below, write the theme and literary techniques used in the text found in
Activity 1. Copy the table on a separate answer sheet.
2 Refer to the rubric in evaluating your answer.

Literary Devices Specific Answer Discussion

A. Theme (Write the theme of the text (Discuss the relevant points that led
found in Activity 1) you to identifying the theme of the
text.)

B. Literary
Techniques
(Write only the
Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
 techniques present in
your checklist.)

Example: It is strongly flavored and has a The sentence is an example of

1. Imagery sharp odor which is due to the olfactory imagery. It emphasizes how
pungent oil that contains sulfur. the onion smells and it made me think
of the moment where I smelled the
onion myself.
2.
3.
4.

Activity 3. Complete Me!

Direction: Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart
below.

What are your thoughts I thought that

on the application of
literary techniques in a
a particular text
Prior to the discussion of
This lesson?

I learned that
What additional ideas did
you learn after taking up
this lesson?

Formative Test
3
Answer the following questions in the answer sheet. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the use of figurative language to create visual representations of actions, objects and ideas in
our mind in such a way that they appeal to our physical senses.
A. Literary techniques C. Imagery
B. Literary elements D. Symbols

2. Which of the following refers to the underlying message of the poem.

A. imagery C. Theme
B. symbols D. plot

3. It is a literary technique in which an abstract idea is given a form of characters, actions or events.
A. metonymy C. personification
B. allegory D. hyperbole

4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the literary techniques.

A. Alliteration C. Theme
B. Onomatopoeia D. Plot
Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
5. It is a deliberate exaggeration of actions and ideas for the sake of emphasis.
A. Simile C. hyperbole
B. Metaphor D. personification

Answer Key

Activity 1. Find Me! 4

1. Simile
2. Personification
3. Imagery
4. Irony

Activity 2. Chew It Over!

Literary Devices Specific Answer Discussion

A. Theme Onions and its uses. The text started with the information
about onions and that it made us cry.
The next sentences talk about the uses
of onions. It adds flavor and also serve
some medical purposes.

B. Literary Techniques
(Write only the techniques present in your checklist.)
Example: It is strongly flavored and The sentence is an example of
1. Imagery has a sharp odor which is olfactory imagery. It emphasizes
due to the pungent oil that how the onion smells and it
contains sulfur. made me think of the moment
Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.
 where I smelled the onion
myself.
2. Simile “Sisig” without onions is This is simile for it uses “like” to
like bread without butter. express similarity of Sisig with
onion to bread with butter.
3. Personification Onions make us cry. The onion was given the
characteristic of a person.
4. Irony Wow, you smell like an This statement started with
onion wow, but the meaning really is
bad.

Activity 3. Complete Me!

Answers may vary

References

Self-publishingschool.com/literary-devices/
https://literarydevices.net/literary-devices/
Elements_of_Creative_Nonfiction/Literature_and_Literacy/_
https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves
Creative,language
https://greektraveltellers.com/blog/30-of-the-most-famous-tales-from-greek-
mythology

5
4

Disclaimer: This Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) is based from the Self-Learning Modules, Learner’s Materials, Textbooks and Teaching Guides
released by DepEd Central Office. Furthermore, utilization of duly acknowledged external resources is purely of non-profit, for educational
use and constitutes fair use. All Rights Reserved.