A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

AT
EFAB PROPERTIES LTD, REAL ESTATES DEVELOPERS AND
CONSULTANCY NO. 23, LORD LUGARD STREET, ASOKORO,
ABUJA

FROM: 6TH APRIL, 2021

TO: 27TH AUGUST, 2021

BY
DAUDA AYUBA
CVE/17D/1080

SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
MODIBBO ADAMA UNIVERSITY, YOLA ADAMAWA STATE

SEPTEMBER, 2021

i
 A TECHNICAL REPORT ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)

AT
EFAB PROPERTIES LTD, REAL ESTATES DEVELOPERS AND
CONSULTANCY NO. 23, LORD LUGARD STREET, ASOKORO,
ABUJA

FROM: 6TH APRIL, 2021

TO: 27TH AUGUST, 2021

BY
DAUDA AYUBA
CVE/17D/1080

THIS TECHNICAL REPORT IS SUBMITTED TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF
ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY IN
PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.
ENGR) IN CIVIL ENGINEERING IN MODIBBO ADAMA
UNIVERSITY, YOLA ADAMAWA STATE

SEPTEMBER, 2021

ii
 DEDICATION

This work is hereby dedicated to the Almighty God who made it possible for me to

carry out my Six (6) month of industrial training successfully.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My profound gratitude goes to Almighty God for the gift of life, protection,

guidance and sustenance that he bestowed upon me throughout this industrial training.

I sincerely appreciate and recommend the effort of the entire staff of EFAB

Properties LTD who sacrifice their time and resources to make me be acquainted with

all the basic of work carried out and so also my unpredictable appreciation goes to the

staff department of Civil Engineering

I will never forget the technical assistance, constructive critics given to me

through my industrial based supervisor Engr. Christian Osofu who’s despite his heavy

loaded academic program and responsibilities did relent giving me the necessary

guidance for the accomplishment of this report. My sincere and whole heartily gratitude

also goes to my course mates, and friends. Those that I do not mentioned their names; I

do appreciate your effort thank you so much may God reward you all abundantly.

Amen.

I am grateful to my beloved parent, Mr. Ayuba Yahatu and Mrs. Laraba Ayuba

for their prayer and support financially and spiritually may God bless them Amen. I owe

strong heart and deep gratitude to my beloved Siblings for their contribution toward the

success of this project.

iv
 ABSTRACT

This report covers basically my training and practical experience acquired during my
Six (6) months process of learning at EFAB Properties Ltd Real Estate, Developers and
consultancy which I started from 7th April, 2021 to 27th August, 2021. This report
conveys the experience, funding and recommendation encounter in the course of
exercise. However it this report gives the volume of activities I carried out during the
period of the attachment. Only major activities are started for detailed description of
the various activities done during this period the log book may be consulted for celerity.
This report is divided into four chapters the first and the second chapter gives the
background information about (SIWES) and the organization I was attached to while
the third chapter deal emphatically with the activities done and the experience acquired
during the programmed. The last chapter ends the report with the conclusion and
recommendation

v
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Cover page- - - - - - - - - i

Title Page- - - - - - - - - ii

Dedication- - - - - - - - - iii

Acknowledgement- - - - - - - - iv

Abstract- - - - - - - - - v

Table of Content- - - - - - - - vi

List of Figure- - - - - - - - - ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction to SIWES- - - - - - 1

1.2 General Aim and Objectives of SIWES- - - - 2

1.3 Roles of the Federal Government- - - - - 3

1.4 Roles of ITF (Industrial Training Fund)- - - - 3

1.5 Importance of SIWES- - - - - - 3

1.6 Duration of SIWES - - - - - - - 4

1.7 SIWES unit- - - - - - - - 4

1.8 Participation - - - - - - - 4

1.9 Behavioral- - - - - - - - 5

1.10 History and background of Efab Properties Ltd- - - 5

1.11 Vision and mission of the Organization- - - - 6

1.12 Management Team- - - - - - - 6

1.13 Organizational Chart- - - - - - - 8

CHAPTER TWO

2.1 General Introduction to Engineering/Architecture

Department EFAB Properties LTD- - - - - 9

vi
2.2 Health and safety measures on site- - - - - 10

2.3 Equipment, machine, tools and devices used at the site- - 11

2.3.1 Equipment and tools used- - - - - - 11

2.3.2 Machines and Devices - - - - - - 13

2.3.3 Materials- - - - - - - - 16

CHAPTER THREE

SITE ACTIVITIES

3.1 Elementary Work Experience- - - - - 20

3.2 Brief Enlightenment on Work Carried Out- - - - 21

3.2.1 Frame structure- - - - - - - 21

3.2.2 Concrete Slab-- - - - - - - 22

3.2.3 Beams - - - - - - - - 23

3.2.4 Columns - - - - - - - - 23

3.2.5 Staircase - - - - - - - - 24

3.2.6 Form-work Processes - - - - - - 25

3.2.7 Procedures for Columns Form-work- - - - - 25

3.2.8 Procedure for Floor Slab and Beams Form-work- - - 27

3.2.9 Reinforcement work- - - - - - - 28

3.2.10 Procedure for Arrangement of Columns Reinforcement- - 28

3.2.11 Mixing of concrete- - - - - - - 29

3.2.12 Placing of concrete- - - - - - - 29

3.2.13 Casting of Columns, staircase, floor slab and beams- - 29

vii
CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Conclusion - - - - - - - - 31

4.2 Recommendation - - -- - - - - 31

REFERENCES - - - - - - - - 33

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1: Top management organization Chart of EFAB

Properties Limited- - - - - - - 8
Fig. 2: Construction Site (Project) Organization Chart of
EFAB Properties Limited- - - - - - 8
Fig. 3: Concrete mixing machine- - - - - - 13

Fig. 4: Concrete Vibrating machine- - - - - - 14

Fig. 5: Cutting of Reinforcement using Filing Machine- - - 14

Fig. 6: Rough Terrain Crane- - - - - - - 15

Fig 7: Hammer Head Crane- - - - - - - 15

Fig. 8: Steel Reinforcement (Y 25)- - - - - - 17

Fig. 9: Adjustable steel Props supporting column panel- - - 18

Fig 10: Frame Structure- - - - - - - 22

Fig 11: Concrete Floor Slab- - - - - - - 23

Fig 12: Arrangement of Staircase Reinforcement- - - - 24

Fig 13: Casted Staircase- - - - - - - 25

Fig. 14: Formwork for columns- - - - - - 26

Fig 15: Formwork for floor slab and beams- - - - - 27

Fig 16: Arrangement of Column Reinforcement- - - - 28

Fig 17: Casted Floor Slab- - - - - - - 30

ix
 CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Introduction to SIWES

SIWES was established by ITF (Industrial Training Funds) in the year 1973 to

solve the problem of lack of adequate proper skills for employment of tertiary

institution graduates by Nigerian Industries. The Students’ Industrial Work Experience

Scheme (SIWES) was founded to be a skill training programme to help expose and

prepare students of universities, polytechnics and colleges of education for the industrial

work situation to be met after graduation. This scheme serves as a smooth transition

from the classroom to the world of work and further helps in the application of

knowledge. The scheme provides students with the opportunity of acquainting and

exposing themselves to the experience required in handling and managing of equipment

and machinery that are usually not made available in their institutions.

Before this scheme was established, there was a growing concern and trend

noticed by industrialists that graduates of higher institutions lacked sufficient practical

background for employment. It used to be that students who got into Nigerian

institutions to study science and technology were not trained in the practical know-how

of their various fields of study. As a result, they could not easily find jobs due to the

lack of working experience.

Therefore, the employers thought that theoretical education going on in higher

institutions was not responsive to the needs of the employers of labour. This was a huge

problem for thousands of Nigerians until 1973. It is against this background that the

fundamental reason for initiating and designing the scheme by the fund in 1973/74 was

introduced.

1
 The ITF organization (Industrial Training Fund) made a decision to help all

interested Nigerian students and established the SIWES program. It was officially

approved and presented by the Federal Government in 1974. The scheme was solely

funded by the ITF during its formative years but as the financial involvement became

unbearable to the fund, it withdrew from the scheme in 1978. In 1979, the federal

government handed over the management of the scheme to both the National

Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for Technical Education

(NBTE).

Later, in November 1984, the federal government reverted the management and

implementation of the scheme to ITF. In July 1985, it was taken over by the Industrial

Training Fund (ITF) while the funding was solely borne by the federal government.

(Culled from Job Specifications on Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme).

1.2 General Aim and Objectives of SIWES

SIWES is strategized for skill acquisition. It is in fact designed to prepare and

expose students of universities, polytechnics and colleges of education to the real-life

work situational they would be engaged in after graduation. Therefore, SIWES is a key

factor required to inject and help keep alive industrialization and economic development

in the nation through the introduction and practical teaching of scientific and

technological skills to students. (Culled from Detailed Manual on SIWES Guidelines

and Operations for Tertiary Institutions). Objectives of the Students Industrial Work

Experience Scheme include:

1. Provide an avenue for students to acquire industrial skills for experience during

their course of study

2
2. Expose students to work methods and techniques that may not be available

during their course of study.

3. Bridging the gap between theory and practice by providing a platform to apply

knowledge learnt in school to real work situations

4. Enabling the easier and smoother transition from school by equipping students’

with better contact for future work placement

5. Introduce students to real work atmosphere so that they know what they would

most likely meet once they graduate.

1.3 Roles of the Federal Government

Federal Government being the major party in the establishment off SIWES; has

ever since been involved in the management of SIWES. Some of the roles played are:

1. To make it mandatory for all ministries, companies and parastatals to offer

places of attachment for students in accordance with the provision decree of No 47 of

1971 as amended in 1990.

2. Use to provide necessary and adequate funds to ITF through the Federal

ministries of industries.

1.4 Roles of ITF (Industrial Training Fund)

1. Provide logistics and materials needed to administer the scheme

2. Supervise students through it Area offices.

1.5 Importance of SIWES

All Nigerian students who study technology and science must know about

SIWES. Partaking in SIWES has become a prerequisite for the award of diploma and
3
degree certificates in many Nigerian Institutions according to the Nigerian government

Educational policy. Undergraduate students of the following disciplines are expected to

be a part of the scheme: Natural sciences, Engineering and Technology, Education,

Agriculture, Medical Sciences, Environmental, and pure and applied sciences. The

duration is for four months and one year for polytechnics and colleges of education

students respectively and six months for university students.

1.6 Duration of SIWES

The duration of SIWES varies across Institutions;

1. Universities

Period: At the end of 200, 300, 400 level of a degree program 3-6 months

2. Monotechnics, Colleges of technology

Period: At the end of the 1st year of the 2 year ND program 4 months

3. Colleges of Education

Period: At the end of the 2nd year of the 3 years NCE program 4 months

1.7 SIWES unit

The SIWES scheme is to be coordinated by the SIWES Unit of the school: each

department involved should appoint a representative, to work under the SIWES

coordinator, for that department.

1.8 Participation

It is compulsory for students to participate in all the activities of the SIWES

scheme. These include orientations lectures, practical activities, log booking, report

writing, etc.
4
 For SIWES the grading is done as follows: employers rating 20%; institution’s

supervisor rating 10%; SIWES report including Logbook 50%; oral interview or

seminar by students 20%.

1.9 Behavioral

Manners and orderly behaviours are also taken into consideration during

SIWES. For example, queuing up when necessary, avoiding fights, punctuality,

attentiveness. Absenteeism is prohibited, as well as other wrong acts.

SIWES has become a program that has profoundly affected the education and industrial

sector of Nigeria. SIWES allows for a broader scope of learning for Nigerian students

and better work experiences. No matter the hitches that have been found with this

scheme which include the unemployment found in Nigeria, the essence of the scheme

still holds true.

1.10 History and background of Efab Properties Ltd

EFAB PROPERTIES LIMITED is a foremost Estate Developer with its base in

Abuja and have extended services to various states within the country, e.g Delta State

and Anambra State to mention a few. Our focus is promoting “A family, A roof” over

the thirty six (36) states of the country. Paramount in our mind at Efab is an intense

desire to reach out with the totality of our know-how in real estate and solve the housing

needs of all classes of Nigerians in a responsible manner, befitting a responsible entity.

Efab Properties Limited combines valuable years of experience and a crop of

highly qualified workforce to deliver finished houses that not only meet competitive

standards but can compare with the best elsewhere in the world to the delight of our

clients.

5
We address issues like right finance and where to source them, strategic locations for

homes, ensure properties are built on lands free from legal tussles and generally

speaking buildings that meet state of the art 21st century quality requirements in doing

our business.

Right from when the first stone on any of our building foundation is laid, our

construction team and thoroughly experienced supervisors monitor the quality of

workmanship and materials to oversee construction of houses that are up to speed with

quality and schedule for the peace of mind of our homeowners. This is capped with

inspections at strategic stages of the work to ascertain and ensure full proof delivery of

the finest products ever possible.

1.11 Vision and mission of the Organization

Vision

Our focus is promoting “A family, A roof” over the thirty six (36) states of the

country. Paramount in our mind at Efab is an intense desire to reach out with the totality

of our know-how in real estate and solve the housing needs of all classes of Nigerians in

a responsible manner, befitting a responsible entity.

Mission and Goal

Our Corporate mission and goal in Construction and Estate Development is to

enhance the credibility and integrity of our profession, either by way of providing

services in the key of area of our expertise, in our own right, or by way of collaborating

with other allied professionals for project identification development, design and

evaluation.

1.12 Management Team

6
 We recognize that more than ever before, we live in a knowledge based world.

Being very mindful of this, we parade a crop of highly trained, experienced and

dedicated professionals in our management team.

Our top management is made up of the Chairman – Chief (Dr.) Fabian Nwaora

OON, ably assisted by an Executive Director – Mrs. Evelyn Ngozi Nwaora and two

Directors namely Ebuka Henry Nwaora and Tochukwu Fabian Nwaora Jnr.

This time tested and experience taught team work tirelessly in close touch with a

pool of top flight professionals in various fields to steer and direct Efab Properties

Limited – easily the largest estate developer both in Nigeria and the entire West African

sub-region.

Others in the team are Segun Joseph Adeleke – General Manger, Victor

Oguejiofor – Project Coordinator, Yakubu Ibrahim – Financial Controller, Udo Peace

Ugo – Property Manger, Edmund Chukwuma Okeke – Public Relations Manager and

Obinna Ajoku – Company Secretary.

The above star-studded team comprises of professionals that cut across

engineering, accountancy, economics, journalism, law, architecture etc. who can hold

their own against the best anywhere.

Efab Properties is well above the average-cut grade institution when it comes to

business; real estate is the fore-front of the business, however Efab Properties Limited is

virtually involved & immersed in various sectors of the national economy as well as

international relations and partnerships. We are immersed in Agriculture, Banking,

Hospitality, Manufacturing, Importing, Transportation, Petroleum (Oil & Gas).

7
 1.13 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

TOP MANAGEMENT

GENERAL MANAGER

PUBLIC RELATIONSHIP FINANCIAL

MANAGER CHAIRMAN DIRECTORS
CONTROLLER

PROPERTY MANAGER COMPANY

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
SECRETARY

PROPERTY
COORDINATOR

Fig. 1: Top management organization Chart of EFAB Properties Limited

PROJECT MANAGER

SITE CONSTRUCTION ACCOUNT QUANTITY SAFETY SECTARY

DIVISION
ENGINEER SUPPLY SURVEY OFFICER

MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL BUILDING

WORKSHOP WORKSHOP DEPARTMENT

Fig. 2: Construction Site (Project) Organization Chart of EFAB Properties Limited

8
 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 General Introduction to Engineering/Architecture Department EFAB

PROPERTIES LTD

Engineering/Architecture Department EFAB PROPERTIES LTD deals with the

planning, Design, construction and maintenance of structures.

Engineering/Architecture department have been providing Engineering Service

in the field of;

1. Feasibility studies

2. Electrical

3. Mechanical

4. Plumbing

5. Drainage

6. Water Supply

7. Design and supervision of roads

8. Bridges

9. Hospital/Schools

10. Stadium and other school complexes

11. Dams and channels

12. Public utilities

13. Industrial and commercial project

14. Material specification for projects.

9
 During my 6 months Industrial Attachment, I was posted to central area where

the construction of proposed commercial development on plot 1065, cadastral zone

A00, central business district, Abuja.

The structure is a 14 Storey framed structure with 2 basement floors (Basement

1 and 2) which is managed and Control by Engr. Christian Osuafor, MNSE

2.2 Health and safety measures on site

The first thing I was introduced to on site was health and safety measures which

includes;

1. Personal Protective Clothing (PPE)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets,

goggles , or other garment or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from

injury by blunt impacts, electrical hazards, heat, chemicals, and infection, for job-related

occupational health and safety purposes.

2. First aid Kits and Accident Reporting

First aid is the immediate treatment giving to an injured person on site before

taking him or her to the hospital.

3. Health and Safety Warning Signs

Safety Signs and Signals are one of the main means of communicating health

and safety information. This includes the use of illuminated signs, hand and acoustic

signals (e.g. fire alarms), spoken communication and the marking of pipework

containing dangerous substances. Traditional signboards, such as prohibition and

warning signs, signs for fire exits, fire action plan notices (fire drills) and fire-fighting

10
equipment are also considered to be Safety Signs. It is critical that all Safety Signs and

Signals can be easily understood.

2.3 Equipment, machine, tools and devices used at the site

The Equipment, machine, tools and devices used at the site for construction

work comprises of;

2.3.1 Equipment and tools used

1. Water Level Tube

Water Level Tube is an instrument to show the level by means of the surface of

water in a trough or in a U-shaped tube

2. Plumb rule

Plumb rule is a device for determining perpendicularity, consisting of a narrow

board with a plumb line and bob suspended from an upper edge.

3. Mallet/Hammer

A mallet is a kind of hammer, often made of rubber or sometimes wood, that is

smaller than a maul or beetle, and usually has a relatively large head.

A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head"

fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object.

4. Chisel

A chisel is a tool that has a long metal blade with a sharp edge at the end. It is

used for cutting and shaping wood and stone.

5. Hacksaw

11
 A hacksaw is a hand-powered, small-toothed saw used for cutting metal pipes,

rods, brackets, etc. Hacksaws can also cut through plastic. The hacksaw has a U-shaped

frame and a handle at one end.

6. Headpan

Headpan is a round container, like a bowl, used in construction work.

7. Builders Line

Builders Line Is a Rob use to in the process of setting out, check for straightness,

Alignment and for taking Level in construction

8. Maker

Marker is a pen with broad tip use to mark out measured points especially during setting

out of column kickers.

9. Spade/shovel

Spade is a tool with a sharp-edged, typically rectangular, metal blade and a long

handle, used for packing or cutting aggregate and concrete.

10. Columns Panel

Column Panels are formwork that are used to support forms or molds for poured

concrete columns.

11. Reinforcement Cracking Bar

Reinforcement Cracking Bar is a metallic bar use for bending reinforcement to

the specified size.

12. Bending Plane

12
 Bending Plane is a metallic bar nailed one a bench to hold reinforcement while

bending it to the required Size.

13
13. Pincer

Pincer is a tool made of two pieces of metal with blunt concave jaws that are

arranged like the blades of scissors, used for tightening, gripping and pulling

reinforcement and other things.

14. Pinch bar

Pinch bar is bar with sharp head like hammer used for pulling out nails.

15. Bending pipe

Bending pipe is a metallic pipe used in the process of bending and cranking of

reinforcement

16. Measuring Tape

Measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to measure size or distance. It consists of

a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fibre glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings.

2.3.2 Machines and Devices

1. Concrete Mixing machine

Concrete mixing machine is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate

such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a

revolving drum to mix the components.

Fig. 3: Concrete mixing machine

14
2. Concrete vibrating machine

Concrete vibrating machine is mechanical device that is used in compaction of fresh

mass concrete.

Fig. 4: Concrete Vibrating

machine

3. Filing machine

Filing machine is a power-

machine used for filing and

cutting reinforcement.

15
Fig. 5: Cutting of Reinforcement using Filing Machine

16
4. Rough Terrain Crane

Rough terrain cranes are mobile cranes that are designed to maneuver over many

different types of surfaces. This type of crane is built on a body with four large rubber

tires that are able to climb over uneven ground and keep traction on difficult terrain.

Fig. 6: Rough

Terrain Crane

5. Hammer Head Crane

Hammer head crane is a heavy-duty crane with a horizontal counterbalanced. It is used

for carrying material

and other things on

site.

17
Fig 7: Hammer Head Crane

6. Pumping Machine

Pumping Machine is a device that moves fluids (water), by mechanical action,

typically converted from mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It is used to remove

unwanted accumulated water at the site.

2.3.3 Materials

Materials used at the site during my 6 months Industrial Training consists of the

following;

1. Cement

Cement is a binder or a substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and

adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate

produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Cement used

at the site during my Industrial Training is Portland cement (e.g. Dangote, Ashaka,BOA

and Sokoto cement).

2. Steel Reinforcement

Steel reinforcement; Y12, Y16,Y25 and stirrup/links Y10: This is a steel bar or

mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in reinforced concrete reinforced masonry

structures to strengthen and aid the concrete under tension. Concrete has a good

compressive strength but has a weak tensile strength. Reinforcement steel significantly

increases the tensile strength of the structure.

18
Fig. 8: Steel Reinforcement (Y 25)

3. Fine aggregate (sharp sand)

This generally consists of natural sand or crushed stone with most particles

passing through a 3/8 (0.38) inch sieve.

4. Coarse aggregate (gravels)

These are aggregates particles greater than 0.19 inch, but generally range

between 3/8 (0.38) and 1.5 inches in diameter

5. Timber (plywood, Marine boards, and planks)

This is a type of wood that has been processed into planks, plywood, marine

boards and Perry. It is mostly used for formwork of slabs, beams, column, staircase, lift

walls, etc. Timber comes in different sizes 1*2, 1*3, 1*4, 1*5, 1*6, 1*8, 1*10, 1*12,

2*2, 2*3, 2*4, 2*6, 2*8, 2*10, 2*12, etc.

19
6. Bamboo stick

Bamboo sticks are tall tropical plants with hard, hollow stems. They are used in

the process of formwork to support panels.

7. Adjustable steel Props

Adjustable steel Props is vertical steel used to support reinforced concrete

beams, columns and slab formwork; usually all metal or a combination of wood and

metal; can be raised or lowered within certain limits.

Fig. 9: Adjustable steel

Props supporting column panel

8. Steel Plate

Steel plate or structural steel is simply steel sheet material that can be

customarily cut and welded to develop a more elaborate product. Steel plate are used

form Floor Panels.

9. Square pipe

Square pipe or tubes are formed from coils and then ran through a series of dies.

They are welded from the inside to form their floor panels.

20
21
10. Nails

Nails are mall metal spike with a broadened flat head, driven into wood to join

things together or to serve as a hook. The size of nails that was use at the site are 2,3 and

4 inches.

22
 CHAPTER THREE

SITE ACTIVITIES

3.1 Elementary Work Experience

During the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) which have

undergone through, I have experienced many things that were not totally taught to me in

the classroom in summary were vividly explained during the Students Industrial Work

Experience Scheme among others are:

1. During my first day in the organization I was taught on brief history of the

organization and introduction to some equipment and staff of the organization.

2. During the first and second weeks of my internship I was taught on

reinforcement, welding and staircase formwork

3. During my third and fourth weeks of my internship, I was taught on casting,

arrangement of Reinforcement and formwork for lift shaft

4. During my fifth and sixth weeks of my internship, I was taught on setting out for

column formwork, replace of column’s kickers, some enlightenment of

reinforcement and plumbing of columns panels.

5. During my seventh and eighth weeks of my internship, I was taught on casting,

dis-matting/coupling of first floor column, coupling and plumping.

6. During my ninth and tenth weeks of my internship, I was taught on losing of

formwork and formwork for different forms slabs.

7. During my eleventh and twelfth weeks of my internship, formwork of different

slabs continues and arrangement of reinforcement

23
8. During my thirteenth and fourteenth weeks of my internship, arrangement of

reinforcement of different forms continue

9. During my fifteenth and sixteenth weeks of my internship, arrangement of

reinforcement of different forms continue

10. During my seventeenth and eighteenth weeks of my internship, arrangement of

reinforcement of different forms continue and casting of slabs

11. During my Nineteenth and twentieth weeks of my internship, i was taught on

placing of columns, arrangement of reinforcement of different forms continue

and casting of slabs

12. During my twenty firsts week of my internship, we had form-work of floor

columns and casting.

3.2 Brief Enlightenment on Work Carried Out

3.2.1 Frame structure

A framed structure is a network of slabs, beams and columns joined up to form

the skeleton framework of the building and also resist the gravity and other lateral loads.

The structural frame carries the total load of the building and transfers it to the

foundation. Framed structures are easily erected from pre-made members.

24
Fig 10: Frame Structure

3.2.2 Concrete Slab

A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting

of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel-reinforced slabs, typically

between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings,

while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving. The thickness of the slabs that

was casted during my Industrial Attachment was 200mm. Y12 was used as the slab

reinforcement arranged at top and bottom spaced at 200mm for both longitudinal and

runners bar.

25
Fig 11: Concrete Floor Slab

3.2.3 Beams

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the

beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the

beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points. The section of the main

beam was (250 * 600) mm arranged at 5 top and bottom at the support and 5 bottom, 2

top at nominal reinforcement using Y25, Y10 was used for the links spaced at 200mm

and for the staircase landing beam was (230 * 450) mm arranged at 2 top and 3 bottom

using Y12 and Y16 respectively, Y10 was used for the links spaced at 200mm and for

the secret beam, the size was (200 * 600) mm and Y16 was used arranged at 4 top and 4

bottom, Y10 was used for the links spaced at 300 mm.

3.2.4 Columns

Columns are vertical compression members that span from substructure to

superstructure and have a vital role in transferring load from the top of the structure to

26
the foundation. The size of the columns was (600 * 1200) mm arranged at 22 Y25 for

each column and Y10 for links spaced at 200 mm.

3.2.5 Staircase

A staircase is the part of building that helps us move from 0ne floor to another.

It is a very important part of a building. The type of staircase that I passed across was U

- shape staircase which consist of two parallel straight staircases that have a 180 degree

turn. The arrangement was using Y16 for secret and landing beams and Y12 for the

slab spaced at 200 mm.

Fig 12: Arrangement of Staircase Reinforcement

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Fig 13: Casted Staircase

3.2.6 Form-work Processes

Form-work is a temporary model structure used to hold a convenient mould for

various structural component.

3.2.7 Procedures for Columns Form-work

1. Setting Out Of Column Kicker:

 At the ground floor with the aid of plumber rule at each ends of columns, the

column by taking the plumb of the beneath column and the nailed using nails.

 After marking out the ends columns, a line was tied on the nails and was drawn

to the other ends for both side where the two lines intersect, a right angle was

formed.

 Using that right angle formed, a column kicker with a size (60 x120) cm was

placed and nailed for all the columns.

 The kickers was then casted.

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  After the kickers was hardened, it was then removed which form the size of the

column.

2. Placing and tightening of column’s Panel

 A Panel with size (60 x 120) cm was coupled using bolt and nut for each

column.

 The column panel was supported using adjustable iron props and wood

3. Plumbing of the column’s panel

 A wooden plumb with line was placed at the panel horizontally and was

plumbed by measuring the gap between the panel and the line at the top and

bottom of the panel until the same measurement was captured at both the bottom

and the top with the help of the adjustable from props and woods

 After plumbing the panels, the adjustable iron props and woods was nailed with

the help of nails and hammers.

 A column setter was placed and tighten on the column panel at the top, bottom

and middle of the column to avoid the buckling of the column during casting.

 T

column was casted

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Fig. 14: Formwork for columns

3.2.8 Procedure for Floor Slab and Beams Form-work

1. At each casted column it was marked 160cm from the preceding floor using

marker and water level tube

2. From the marked 160cmm point, each column was marked 98cm

3. At that 98cm marked, a slipper board was nailed so that the beams bottom board

will lap on it

4. The beam bottom board was then place and nailed and also it was supported

using adjustable iron props and Bamboo stick

5. The beams inner side board was placed and nailed for all the beams

6. The longitudinal members or perry was then placed and nailed at an interval of

120cm each

7. The floor panel of size 120cm x 120 cm was placed and nailed

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8. The floor slab and beam reinforcement was arranged

Fig 15: Formwork for floor slab and beams

3.2.9 Reinforcement work

Reinforcement work Entails arrangements and bending of reinforcement as

specified in the working drawings for columns, beams, staircase, floor slab, lift wall and

other structural member.

3.2.10 Procedure for Arrangement of Columns Reinforcement

1. The

reinforcement (Y25 and Y10) was cut using filling machine and hack saw, Y25

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was cut at 4m each for the main reinforcement and Y10 was cut at 250cm and

350cm for the smaller and the bigger links respective and was bend using bending

plane and cracking bar

2. The 4m Y25 reinforcement was lap and tighten using pincer.

3. The link was arranged on the main bar (4m length of Y25) at a spacing of 20cm.

Fig 16: Arrangement

of Column

Reinforcement

3.2.11

Mixing of concrete

Mixing concrete

is simply defined

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as the complete blending of the materials which are required for the production of a

homogeneous concrete. During my 6 month Industrial Training, the mixing was done

using mixing machine at the ratio of 1: 2: 4.

It means for every 1 bag of cement, 4 pan of coarse aggregate and 8 pan of fine

aggregate was poured to the mixing machine and 40 litres of water.

3.2.12 Placing of concrete

Concrete placement is an important process in the construction that determine

the success of structure and it life. Technical and environmental condition are taken into

strict consideration while placing the concrete.

The concrete was allowed to pass through different phase from the point it come out of

the mixer till it complete as finished concrete. The concrete was transported, poured,

vibrated, and cured. Each of these phases was followed technically so that to ensure

good construction practice.

3.2.13 Casting of Columns, staircase, floor slab and beams

After the concrete was mixed with mixing machine, the concrete was poured into a

bucket and was moved with Hammer head crane to the desired place where was to be

casted and vibrated using vibrating machine. For columns, the Hammer head crane

takes concrete from the mixing area and poured it directly into the columns panel until it

reach 2.6m. Whereas for floor slab and beams, the hammer head crane takes the

concrete to the desired place and poured it until it levels with the beams side board.

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 Fig

17: Casted Floor Slab

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 CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Conclusion

It was concluded that no time was wasted throughout the period of my attachment with

EFAB Properties Ltd. The industrial training experience have really impacted a good

confidence in me and would always remain in my spirit in helping me to deliver

efficient, sustainable, economical construction project. My training there has given me a

broader view to the importance and relevance of Civil Engineers in the immediate

society and the world as a whole. I have been able to improve my Communication and

developed a good working relationship with the Labourers and my supervisors at work.

The student industrial work experience scheme has really exposed me to

practical aspect of my course of study.

4.2 Recommendation

Towards approaching the end of this report, as a student who was privileged or

opportune to have undergone through the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme

(SIWES) in EFAB Properties Ltd. State I wish to recommend the following:

1. I recommend that the program of SIWES should not be put to an end (stop)

hence, through this program many are achieved by the students of the various

disciplines of whom I am among.

2. I recommend that the SIWES be highly encouraged in the Polytechnic and

universities since through this program the students gain more professional skills

in the field of there study and build on serious ethnics of their relevant

profession from the grass root.

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3. One should select right place for him to acquire the needed skills and to utilize

the experience gained and also take off his mind on payments by the sites because it

will hinder him from gaining the appropriate experience.

4. Site experience should be emphasized to help the student’s gain all the needed

experience such as site competition should be organized between the students.

5. Students should always do well at the place of their attachment so as to protect

the dignity and the interest of their institutions.

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REFERENCES

1. BSI (1997). Structural Use of Concrete, British Standards Institution, London.

2. Mosley, W. H. and Bungey, J. H (1990) Reinforced Concrete Design, 5th Edition,

Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire.

3. Arya, C. (2009). Design of Structural Elements, 3rd ed. Spon Press. London.

4. Ekpenyong, L.E. (2011). Foundations of Technical and Vocational Education:

Evolution and Practice for Nigerian Students in TVE and Adult Education, Policy

Makers & Practitioners.

5. Mafe,O. A. T. 2009 Guide To Successful Participation in SIWES. Panaf publishing

Inc... Abuja and Lagos: Panaf publishing Inc.

6. Wikipedia (11/03/2016) Civil Engineering. Accessed 14/03/2016.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering)

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