APPENDIX

D
MODES OF MATERIAL NATURE
A TABULATED SUMMARY

VERSE
ITEM MODE OF MODE OF MODE OF
GOODNESS PASSION IGNORANCE
14.6 Binding Force Sense of:  Attachment  Madness
to  Happiness tofruitive  Indolence
14.8  Satisfaction activities (Laziness)
 Knowledge  Binds by the  Sleep
 Superiority ropes of desire
and attachment

14.11 Symptoms  Illuminates  Intense,  Delusion/

to thegates of the unlimiteddesir Illusion
14.13 body with es and  Darkness
knowledge. longings  Madness
 Frees one from  Great  Inertia
sinful attachment
reactions  Fruitive
activities

14.14 Destination at  Attains the  Attains earthly  Birth in lower

to death pure, higher planets species
14.15 planets of the
great sages
14.16 Results of  Pure  Misery  Foolishness
to action  Knowledge  Greed  Madness
14.18 (sees things as  Earthly planets  Illusion
they are)  Life in hellish
 Elevation to worlds
higher planets
like
Brahmaloka or
Janaloka

17.4 Worship  Demigods  Demons  Ghosts and

Spirits
17.8 Food Type of foods: Type of foods: Type of foods:
to  Juicy, fatty,  Too bitter,  Prepared more
17.10 wholesome Too sour, than three
and pleasing to salty, hot hours before
the heart pungent, dry being eaten
Effect of such and burning  Food that is
foods: tasteless,
 Increases the Effect of such decomposed
duration of life foods: and putrid
 Purifiesone’s  Distress  Food
existence  Misery consisting of
 Gives strength,  Disease remnants and
health, untouchable
happiness and things
satisfaction Effect of such
foods:
 Infection
 Disease

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17.11 Sacrifice  According to  Performs for  Without regard

to directions of some material for the
17.13 scripture benefit directions of
 As a matter of  For the sake of scripture
duty pride  Without
 Without desire distribution of
of reward prasadam
(spiritual food)
 Without
chanting of
Vedic hymns
 Without
remuneration
to the priests
 Without faith
17.17 Austerity  Performed  Performed out  Performed out
to with of pride of foolishness
17.19 transcendental  For the sake of  With self-
faith gaining respect torture
 Without  It is neither  To destroy or
expecting permanent nor injure others
material stable
benefits
 Only for the
sake of the
Supreme
17.20 Charity  Given out of  With  Performed at
to duty expectation of an impure
17.22  Without some return place
expectation of  With the desire  At an impure
return for fruitive time
 At the proper results  To unworthy
time and place  In a grudging persons
 To a worthy mood  Without proper
person attention and
respect
18.7 Renunciation  Performing  Renounces  Renounces
to prescribed prescribed prescribed
18.9 duty only duties as duties because
because it troublesome or of illusion
ought to be out of fear of
done bodily
 Renounces all discomfort
material  Does not lead
association to elevation of
 Renounces all renunciation
attachment to
the fruit
18.20 Knowledge  Knowledge by  Knowledge by  Knowledge by
to which one which one sees which one is
18.22 undivided that in every attached to one
spiritual nature different body kind of work
is seen in all there is a as all in all
living entities, different type  Without
though they of living entity knowledge of
are divided the truth
into  Which is very
innumerable meager
forms

18.23 Action  Regulated by  With great  Performed in

to sastras effort by one illusion
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18.25  Performed seeking to  In disregard of

without gratify his scriptural
attachment desires injunctions
 Without love  Enacted from a  Without
or hatred sense of false concern for
 Without desire ego future bondage
for fruitive or for violence
results or distress
caused to
others
18.26 Performer of  Performs his  Attached to  Work against
to action (worker) duty without work and fruits the injunctions
18.28 association of work of the scripture
with the modes  Desiring to  Materialistic
of material enjoy those  Obstinate
nature fruits  Cheating
 Without false  Greedy  Expert in
ego  Envious insulting
 With great  Impure others
determination  Moved by joy  Lazy
and and sorrow  Always
enthusiasm morose
 Without  Procrastinating
wavering in
success or
failure
18.30 Understanding  One knows  Cannot  Considers
to what ought to distinguish religion to be
18.32 be done and between irreligion and
what ought not religion and irreligion to be
to be done irreligion religion
 What is to be  Between  Under the spell
feared and action that of illusion and
what is not to should be done darkness
be feared and action that  Always
 What is should not be striving in the
binding and done wrong
what is direction
liberating

18.33 Determination  Unbreakable  One holds fast  One cannot go

to  Sustained with to fruitive beyond
18.35 steadfastness results in dreaming
by yoga religion,  Fearfulness
practice economic  Lamentation
 Controls the development  Moroseness
activities of and sense  Illusion
mind, life and gratification
senses
18.37 Happiness  Just like  Derived from  Blind to self
to poison in the contact of the realization
18.39 beginning and senses with  Delusion from
nectar at the their objects beginning to
end  Appears as end
 Awakes one to nectar at first  Arises from
selfrealisation but poison at sleep, laziness
the end and illusion

APPENDIX D 3