INTERGERATED

DESIGN III

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE.

Name: SAMSON SURAFEL

ID no: Eng/R/752/10

Ins: Andualem.g
Abel.e
Aschalew
Naod
Vicas.k
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
In our world, education is the basic thing like food and shelter to develop that country. Ethiopia is a
one of developing country located in Eastern Africa. In 2017, Ethiopia was ranked fifth place for
having the worst education system worldwide. With Ethiopia’s substantial population and high
poverty rate, making education accessible to everyone has been an ongoing issue.
Although today, education in Ethiopia has improved and become more accessible, some issues
such as money, school locations, and an inadequate amount of qualified teachers, overpopulated
classrooms, Poverty and Lack of Access, low economy of developing countries, lack of teachers
or having teachers untrained, no classroom, lack of materials for education, access to safe and
healthy school places, better spaces for learning, Infrastructure. The lack of parental involvement
seems to be a problem for education also.
Due to poverty rates and the need to work, as soon as children are old enough, many parents enter
them into the workforce instead of encouraging them to continue their schooling. Since there are a
lot less students who continue to secondary education, there is a lot less secondary schools built.
This creates physical barriers in which students are more inclined to not go to school because of
the long travel.
Orphans and disabilities in this group have limited access to social and economic opportunities
due to physical, mental and sensory impairments as well as a discriminatory attitude on the part
of society in general. In order to address the needs and rights of this target group, the Ethiopian
government has prepared a National Plan of Action on orphans. Different NGOs have been
undertaking various programs aimed at addressing the needs and rights of children with orphans.
Orphaned and abandoned children this category includes children under 18 years of age who
have lost both parents because of war, AIDS, drought or famine. These children can easily be
exposed to various forms of hazards in that they lack the care and protection of adults. To date,
these children have been cared for in institutions located in different parts of the country.
In addition, various NGOs have undertaken a range of programs and initiatives to improve the
situation of these orphans. Abused and neglected orphans children These are children who are
exposed to various types of abuse, the major ones being physical abuse, sexual abuse,
psychological abuse, harmful traditional practices, and children denied the care and
attention of adults this all are affect the child education performance and acceptance.
The problem deeply embedded in the cultures and traditions of the society. In light of these
intensive efforts have been made by governmental organizations and NGOs to raise the awareno
society in general and parents in particular on the child’s right to protection and care as well as to
non-institutionalized forms of upbringing using different means.
CONCEPT OF ORPHAN

Definition of the term orphan varies from the given cultural and socio economic context
of one country to another. In their joint publication entitled children on brink UNICEF
and UN AIDs(2002) they have categories orphan into four
 Maternal orphan, orphan who are children under the age of eighteen whose
mother and perhaps father have dead;
 paternal orphan, orphan who are children under the age of eighteen whose father
and perhaps mother has dead;
 double orphan, children who are under the age of eighteen whose both parent have
dead, and
 totally orphan, children who are under the age of eighteen whose mother or father
or both have dead. For Ennew (2005),
 orphan children are parentless children who are socially and materially depend on
the wider society for save passage through childhood.

ORPHAN BESIC STATISTICS:

 Every 15 seconds, another child becomes an AIDS orphan in Africa

 Every day 5,760 more children become orphans


 Every year 2,102,400 more children become orphans (in Africa alone)

 143,000,0002 Orphans in the world today spend an average of 10 years in an orphanage

or foster home Approximately 250,000 children are adopted annually, but…

 Every year 14,050,000 children still grow up as orphans and age out of the system

 Every day 38,493 children AGE OUT

 Every 2.2 seconds, another orphan child ages out with no family to belong to and no
place to call home In Ukraine and Russia 10% -15% of children who age out of an
orphanage commit suicide before age 18. 60% of the girls are lured into prostitution.
70% of the boys become hardened criminals.5
 STRATEGIES
GOVERNOMENTAL STRATEGY
The government has designed alternative forms of education and orphan care, cognizant of the
adverse effects of institutionalization. When it comes to poverty reduction in developing
countries one often thinks of charities like Oxfam, Water Aid, Christian Aid, Red Cross and
many others and the work they do to help educate and care orphanages. Non-governmental
organizations such as these mentioned above play a central part in poverty reduction in many
developing countries such as those in sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia, Latin America and
those of Eastern Europe.

Ethiopian government is also looking to develop the banking sector with the aim of improving
the state of the education sector for all.
Humanitarian strategy unicef will address the impact on orphans, children and women of the
multiple complex crises occurring across many parts of Ethiopia through its strong regional
footprint and capacity for remote community outreach.
In addition Protection of Intellectual Property, Verification of Credentials and Academic
Records, Enhancing the Learning Experience this all are governmental strategy.

PERSONAL STRATEGY
Two main strategy “How to teach”. Memory based examination pattern.
I think all changes will automatically follow.
How to teach: From class 1, we do “what to teach” and told to student “what to learn”. We
have never told to children “How to learn”. We expect them to be encyclopedia rather than a
innovator or thinker. This should be changed. Student center teaching method should be applied
and mandatory for all schools and colleges.
Memory based examination system: The examination pattern should be changed. Instead of
evaluating students, it should increase the creativity and problem solving skills through
different ideas. Putting the bookish text, should lead to zero marking – and putting/giving own
efforts and ideas should be encouraged by giving full marking? One thing should be cleared-
Examination should not for evaluation of memory, but for evolution of ideas. Student should
learn that Life is not for short time race with memory based teaching and examination, but it is
long time enjoyment with creativity and innovation.
In addition increasing the number of, and upgrading, school buildings, expanding teacher
training programs, allowing children to progress between grades one and three without being
held back on account of inadequate performance, using local languages in the classroom,
developing context-appropriate primary school syllabi and textbooks, eliminating school fees,
developing quality assessment mechanisms.
 REFERENCE
 Humanitarian found in https://www.humanium.org/en/ethiopia/
 Unicef ethiopia https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/media/2486/file/2019%20Annual
%20results%20factsheet.pdf
 humanitarian-action-children found
https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/humanitarian-action-children-2021-ethiopia
 https://tradingeconomics.com/ethiopia/children-orphaned-by-hiv-aids-wb-data.html
 https://www.epdc.org/sites/default/files/documents/EPDC_NEP_2018_Ethiopia.pdf
 unicefd
 wolaita sodo zone socio statis data