UENR1451

October 2013

Systems Operation
Testing and Adjusting
R1600H Load Haul Dump
Steering System
9SD 1-Up (Machine)

SAFETY.CAT.COM
 i05296198

Important Safety Information

Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe
basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous
situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards, including human factors
that can affect safety. This person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these
functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could
result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you verify
that you are authorized to perform this work, and have read and understood the operation,
lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings
are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as
“DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially
presented.
A non-exhaustive list of operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on
the product and in this publication.
Caterpillar cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.
The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must not
use this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first satisfying
yourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the operation of the
product in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions applicable to the
worksite. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically
recommended by Caterpillar is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others.
You should also ensure that you are authorized to perform this work, and that the product will not be
damaged or become unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that
you intend to use.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that was
available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,
measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can
affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you
start any job. Cat dealers have the most current information available.

When replacement parts are required for this

product Caterpillar recommends using Cat re-
placement parts.
Failure to follow this warning may lead to pre-
mature failures, product damage, personal in-
jury or death.

In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.
UENR1451 3
Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Systems Operation Section

General Information..................... ..................... 4

Steering System (Pilot Oil)................ ................ 9
Vane Pump (Implement, Steering, Pilot and
Braking) ............................ ............................ 10
Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot Oil)........ ........ 13
Solenoid Valve (Implement and Steering) ... ... 13
Pilot Valve (STIC Steering)............... .............. 14
Neutralizer Valve (STIC Steering).......... ......... 16
Steering System (High Pressure Oil Circuit).. . 18
Control Valve (STIC Steering) ............ ............ 20
Secondary Steering System.............. ............. 25
Gear Pump (Secondary Steering) ......... ......... 27
Diverter Valve (Secondary Steering) ....... ....... 28
Diverter Valve (Steering Release) ......... ......... 30

Testing and Adjusting Section

Troubleshooting
Machine Preparation for Troubleshooting ... ... 31
Visual Inspection ...................... ...................... 31
Steering System Troubleshooting ......... ......... 32

Testing and Adjusting

System Pressure - Release.............. .............. 35
Pump Flow - Test (Secondary Steering)..... .... 35
Pump Flow - Test (Implement, Steering, Pilot,
and Braking) ........................ ......................... 37
Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot Oil) - Test and
Adjust.............................. .............................. 40
Steering System Pressure - Test and Adjust . . 42
Steering Time - Check .................. .................. 44
Steering Control Valve - Adjust............ ........... 45
Steering Neutralizer Valve - Check and Adjust 46
STIC Control (Steering Deadband) - Adjust .. . 48

Index Section

Index................................ ............................... 49
4 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section
Systems Operation Section
General Information
SMCS Code: 4300
Illustration 1
Hydraulic schematic for the steering system
(1) Steering control valve
(2) Line relief and make-up valve
(3) Line relief and make-up valve
(4) Left steering cylinder
(5) Right steering cylinder
(6) Steering release diverter valve
(7) Brake release cylinder
(8) Steering pilot valve
(9) Brake release cylinder pressure tap
(10) Line to front wheel brakes
(11) Line to rear wheel brakes
(12) Parking brake control valve
(13) Relief valve
i04818931
g03103776
(14) Resolver
(15) Parking brake pressure tap
(16) Parking brake oil pressure sensor
(17) Unloader valve
(18) Pressure compensating spool
(19) Steering relief valve
(20) Spool
(21) Reversible steering solenoid valve
(22) Steering system pressure tap
(23) Steering neutralizer for a left turn
(24) Steering neutralizer for a right turn
(25) Orifice
(26) Hydraulic oil cooler
UENR1451
(27) Selector and pressure control valve
(28) Implement and steering solenoid valve
(29) Line from the implement lift circuit
(30) Secondary steering diverter valve (if
equipped)
(31) Secondary steering pump (if equipped)
(32) Breaker relief valve
(33) Check valve
Illustration 2
Location of the steering system components
(1) Steering control valve
(4) Left steering cylinder
(5) Right steering cylinder
(8) Steering pilot valve
(21) Reversible steering solenoid valve
(23) Steering neutralizer for a left turn
(24) Steering neutralizer for a right turn
(34) Hydraulic tank
(35) Hydraulic oil temperature sensor
(36) Check valve
(37) Primary steering flow switch (if
equipped)
(38) Hydraulic oil level sensor
(39) Pilot and braking pump
(40) Steering pump
(26) Hydraulic oil cooler
(27) Selector and pressure control valve
(28) Implement and steering solenoid valve
(30) Secondary steering diverter valve
(31) Secondary steering pump
(32) Breaker relief valve
(34) Hydraulic tank
5
Systems Operation Section
(41) Implement pump
(42) Secondary steering flow switch
(43) Hydraulic oil filters
(44) Check valve
(45) Line to brake accumulator charging
valve
(46) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
g02947837
(37) Primary steering flow switch
(39) Pilot and braking pump
(40) Steering pump
(42) Secondary steering flow switch
(43) Hydraulic oil filters
(46) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
6 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

The steering hydraulic system is made up of two The breaker relief valve (32) is located on the top of
basic circuits, the pilot circuit and the high-pressure the hydraulic tank (34).
circuit. When the machine is equipped with optional
secondary steering, the steering system also includes
this additional circuit.
The main components of the pilot circuit are steering
control valve (1), steering pilot valve (8), steering
neutralizer for a left turn (23), steering neutralizer for a
right turn (24), implement and steering solenoid valve
(28), hydraulic tank (34), pilot and braking pump (39),
hydraulic oil filters (43) and pilot oil pressure reducing
valve (46).
The main components of the high-pressure circuit are
steering control valve (1), steering cylinders (4) and
(5), hydraulic oil cooler (26), hydraulic tank (34),
steering pump (40) and hydraulic oil filters (43).
Illustration 5 g02947936
The main components of the secondary steering
circuit are secondary steering diverter valve (30), (39) Pilot and braking pump
secondary steering pump (31), hydraulic tank (34), (40) Steering pump
primary steering flow switch (37) and secondary (41) Implement pump
steering flow switch (42).
Pilot and braking pump (39), steering pump (40) and
implement pump (41) are mounted on the torque
converter updrive housing.

Illustration 3 g02980876
(34) Hydraulic tank
(43) Hydraulic oil filters (behind cover)
Illustration 6 g02980877
(47) Filler cap
(46) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
Hydraulic tank (34) is located behind the guard on the
right side of the machine. Hydraulic oil filters (43) are Pilot oil pressure reducing valve (46) is mounted on
mounted inside hydraulic tank (34). Oil is placed into the left side of the rear frame in the transmission
the tank through filler cap (47). compartment.

Illustration 7 g03103836
Illustration 4 g03370763
(32) Breaker relief valve (27) Selector and pressure control valve
(34) Hydraulic tank
UENR1451 7
Systems Operation Section

Selector and pressure control valve (27) is mounted Steering neutralizer for left turn (23) and Steering
on the left-hand side of the rear frame beside the neutralizer for right turn (24) are located on the rear
transmission. frame near the upper articulation hitch.

Illustration 8 g02947960 Illustration 11 g02947969

(12) Parking brake control valve (1) Steering control valve (STIC steering)
(28) Implement and steering solenoid valve
Steering control valve (1) is located on the rear frame,
Implement and steering solenoid valve (28) is rear of the articulation hitch.
mounted in parking brake control valve (12) on left
side of the rear frame in the transmission
compartment.

Illustration 12 g02947978
(5) Right steering cylinder
Illustration 9 g02947963
Steering cylinders (4) and (5) are located on either
(8) steering pilot valve (behind the cover) side of the lower articulation hitch.
Steering pilot valve (8) is mounted on the operator
station door behind the cover.

Illustration 10
(23) Steering neutralizer for a left turn
(24) Steering neutralizer for a right turn
Illustration 13 g02947979
(26) Hydraulic oil cooler
g02947964
Oil cooler (26) is mounted on the outside of the
radiator. Access is gained by opening the guard on
the rear of the machine.
8 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

Illustration 14 g02947972
(30) Secondary steering diverter valve (if equipped)
(31) Secondary steering pump (if equipped)

Secondary steering pump (31) is mounted on the

front of the output transfer gears on the housing.
Secondary steering diverter valve (30) is mounted on
the side of secondary steering pump (31).
UENR1451
Steering System (Pilot Oil)
SMCS Code: 4300-PS
Illustration 15
Hydraulic schematic for the steering system
(1) Steering control valve
(2) Line relief and make-up valve
(3) Line relief and make-up valve
(4) Left steering cylinder
(5) Right steering cylinder
(6) Steering release diverter valve
(7) Brake release cylinder
(8) Steering pilot valve
(9) Brake release cylinder pressure tap
(10) Line to front wheel brakes
(11) Line to rear wheel brakes
(12) Parking brake control valve
(13) Relief valve
(14) Resolver
(15) Parking brake pressure tap
(16) Parking brake oil pressure sensor
9
Systems Operation Section
i04818932
g03103776
(17) Unloader valve
(18) Pressure compensating spool
(19) Steering relief valve
(20) Spool
(21) Reversible steering solenoid valve
(22) Steering system pressure tap
(23) Steering neutralizer for a left turn
(24) Steering neutralizer for a right turn
(25) Orifice
(26) Hydraulic oil cooler
(27) Selector and pressure control valve
(28) Implement and steering solenoid valve
(29) Line from the implement lift circuit
(30) Secondary steering diverter valve (if
equipped)
(31) Secondary steering pump (if equipped)
10 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

(32) Breaker relief valve (37) Primary steering flow switch (if (42) Secondary steering flow switch
(33) Check valve equipped) (43) Hydraulic oil filters
(34) Hydraulic tank (38) Hydraulic oil level sensor (44) Check valve
(35) Hydraulic oil temperature sensor (39) Pilot and braking pump (45) Line to brake accumulator charging
(36) Check valve (40) Steering pump valve
(41) Implement pump (46) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve

Note: Illustration 15 shows a machine with the i04818968

secondary steering system. Machines without the
secondary steering system will not have secondary Vane Pump (Implement,
steering pump (31), secondary steering diverter valve
(30), primary steering flow switch (37) and secondary Steering, Pilot and Braking)
steering flow switch (42). SMCS Code: 4268; 4306; 5055; 5084; 5085
The steering pilot circuit controls the movement of
spool (20) in steering control valve (1).
With the engine running, oil is drawn from hydraulic
tank (34) by pilot and braking pump (39). Pilot and
braking pump (39) supplies pilot oil through check
valve (44) to pilot oil pressure reducing valve (46).
Pilot oil pressure reducing valve (46) maintains the
pilot system at a constant pressure. Pilot oil pressure
reducing valve (46) relieves excess pilot system
pressure through a line to the hydraulic tank.
The pilot oil flows to selector and pressure control
valve (27). With pilot and braking pump supplying
pilot oil to pilot system, the selector and pressure
control valve blocks alternate oil flow into pilot oil
system. Illustration 16 g02950996
Implement, steering and pilot and braking pump
If pilot and braking pump (39) fails, or pilot oil is location
unavailable, the selector and pressure control valve
(27) allows alternate oil flow into pilot system from lift The Implement, steering and pilot and braking pump
cylinders. When, oil is unavailable from lift cylinders, is mounted on the torque converter updrive housing.
selector, and pressure control valve (27) allows
alternate oil flow into pilot system from steering
control valve (1).
Oil from the pilot system also flows to implement and
steering solenoid valve (28). Implement and steering
solenoid valve (28) prevents pilot oil flowing to
steering pilot valve (8) and implement pilot circuit
when implement and steering solenoid valve (28) is
de-energized.
When implement and steering solenoid valve (28) is
energized, pilot oil from implement and steering
solenoid valve (28) flows to steering pilot valve (8).
Moving the STIC steering control lever to either turn
position, steering pilot valve (8) directs pilot oil to
steering neutralizer valve (23) for a left turn or
steering neutralizer valve (24) for a right turn. Pilot oil
from the steering neutralizer valve flows to spool (20)
in steering control valve (1). The pilot oil pressure
causes spool (20) to move. When spool (20) moves,
high-pressure oil from steering pump (40) can flow
through spool (20) to steering cylinder (4) and
steering cylinder (5).
Pilot oil from spool (20) returns through neutralizer
valve (23) or neutralizer valve (24) and steering pilot
valve (8) to hydraulic tank (34).
UENR1451 11
Systems Operation Section

Illustration 17 g02998016
Implement, steering and pilot and braking pump
(1) Housing (4) Inlet (7) Steering pressure outlet
(2) Pilot and braking pump (5) Implement pump
(3) Steering pump (6) Implement pressure outlet

The hydraulic pump consists of a three-section vane

pump. The pumps rotate on a common shaft. The
pumps draw oil from the hydraulic tank through inlet
(4).
Pilot and braking pump (2) is a straight vane pump.
The vanes of a straight vane pump do not have vane
inserts. The pilot and braking pump provides the oil
that is required to operate the braking system, pilot
control valves of the implement hydraulic system and
pilot control valves of the steering system.
Steering pump (3) is a cartridge type of vane pump.
The steering pump provides the oil that is required to
operate the steering cylinders.
Implement pump (5) is a cartridge type of vane pump.
The implement pump provides oil that is required to
operate the lift arms and the bucket.
12
Systems Operation Section
Operation of the Implement Vane
Pump and the Steering Vane Pump
Illustration 18 g02998036
Implement and steering cartridges
(AA) Supply oil
(BB) Pressure oil
(8) Cam ring
(9) Rotor
(10) Outlet
(11) Vane
(12) Inlet
(13) Slot
(14) Passage
(15) Inlet
(16) Insert
(17) Outlet
(A-F) Different vane positions
The components of the cartridge assembly for a
typical vane pump include a plate, adapter, seal
packs, cam ring (8), rotor (9) and vanes (11).
Note: Grooves in the flex plates of the implement and
steering cartridges allow pressure oil to flow to slots
(13) in rotor (9). Oil from the slots then flows into the
area between inserts (16) and vanes (11). The vanes
are pushed out against cam ring (8). Both ends of the
vanes are connected by passages (14) in the rotor.
The oil in these passages will keep the pressure even
on both ends of the vanes. This oil also permits the oil
behind the vanes to escape as the vanes are pushed
in. Refer to Illustration 18 .
As rotor (9) turns clockwise, the vanes in positions (F)
and (E) move outward along the contour of the cam
ring. As the chamber area between the vanes
increases, the oil pressure drops creating a vacuum
in the chamber. This pressure difference causes oil to
flow from the hydraulic tank and through inlet (15).
The oil fills the space between positions (E) and (A).
UENR1451
Oil between the vanes at positions (E) and (D) will be
trapped when the vanes pass the end of inlet (15). As
rotor (9) continues to turn, the vanes are pushed
inward by the contour of cam ring (8). The chamber
area between the vanes now decreases. The
pressure of the oil increases.
The pressurized oil that is between the vanes at
positions (A) and (B) is pushed into outlet (10). When
the vane at position (B) passes the end of outlet (10),
the cycle is complete.
Note: The oil that enters through inlet (12) flows
through the cartridge assembly and through outlet
(17) similarly.
Reference: For more information about vane pumps,
refer to Special Instruction, SMHS7047.
Operation of the Pilot and Braking
Vane Pump
Illustration 19 g02998056
Pilot and braking cartridge
(AA) Supply oil
(BB) Pressure oil
(8) Cam ring
(9) Rotor
(10) Outlet
(11) Vane
(12) Inlet
(15) Inlet
(17) Outlet
(18) Passage
(A-F) Different vane positions
The components of the cartridge assembly for a
typical vane pump include a plate, adapter, seal
packs, cam ring (8), rotor (9) and vanes (11).
UENR1451 13
Systems Operation Section

Note: Vanes (11) of the pilot and braking cartridge are The hydraulic pilot oil pressure is controlled by pilot
pushed outward by centrifugal force. The vanes are oil pressure reducing valve (1). The hydraulic pilot oil
pushed outward along the contour of cam ring (8) by system will constantly operate at the pressure
pressure oil in passages (18). Both ends of the vanes reducing valve pressure setting.
are connected by these passages. The oil in these
passages keeps the pressure equal on both ends of
the vanes. Also, the oil behind the vanes is allowed to
escape as the vanes are pushed inward. Refer to
Illustration 19 .
As rotor (9) turns clockwise, the vanes in positions (F)
and (E) move outward along the contour of the cam
ring. As the chamber area between the vanes
increases, the oil pressure drops creating a vacuum
in the chamber. This pressure difference causes oil to
flow from the hydraulic oil tank and through inlet (15).
The oil fills the space between positions (E) and (A).
Oil between the vanes at positions (E) and (D) will be
trapped when the vanes pass the end of inlet (15). As
rotor (9) continues to turn, the vanes are pushed Illustration 21 g02951036
inward by the contour of cam ring (8). The chamber (1) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
area between the vanes now decreases. The (2) Inlet port
pressure of the oil increases. (3) Reduced pressure oil outlet port
(4) Outlet port
The pressurized oil that is between the vanes at
positions (A) and (B) is pushed into outlet (10). When Pilot oil from the brake and pilot pump enters the pilot
the vane at position (B) passes the end of outlet (10), oil pressure reducing valve through inlet port (2). Pilot
the cycle is complete. oil pressure reducing valve (1) is a cartridge type
valve that maintains hydraulic pilot pressure to the
Note: The oil that enters through inlet (12) flows implement and steering circuits at 3515 ± 70 kPa
through the cartridge assembly and through outlet (510 ± 10 psi).
(17) similarly.
Reduced pressure oil flows to the selector and
Reference: For more information about vane pumps, pressure control valve through reduced pressure
refer to Special Instruction, SMHS7047. outlet port (3). Excess oil returns to the hydraulic tank
through outlet port (4).
i04823896
i04818973

Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot

Solenoid Valve (Implement and
Oil)
Steering)
SMCS Code: 5117; 5467
SMCS Code: 5479-ZI

Illustration 20 g02980856
Illustration 22 g02980879
(1) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
Implement and steering solenoid valve
Location of the pilot oil pressure reducing valve on
the left side of the rear frame in the transmission
compartment
14 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

The implement and steering solenoid valve is i04825330

mounted in the parking brake control valve. The
parking brake control valve is located on the left side
of the rear frame in the transmission compartment.
Pilot Valve (STIC Steering)
SMCS Code: 4342

Illustration 23 g02958837
(1) Tank port
(2) Implement and steering solenoid valve
(3) Port to steering pilot valve and pilot control valve
(4) Port from pilot circuit

When implement and steering solenoid valve (2) is

energized, pilot oil from port (4) flows through
implement and steering solenoid valve (2) to port (3).
Pilot oil from port (3) flows to the implement and
steering pilot circuits.
When implement and steering solenoid valve (2) is
de-energized, pilot oil from port (4) is blocked by
implement and steering solenoid valve (2). The
implement and steering functions are stopped.

Reference: For further information about the

implement and steering solenoid valve, refer to
System Operation, Power Train, “Solenoid Valves”.

Illustration 24 g03003017
Pilot valve for a machine that is equipped with STIC
steering
(1) Handle
(2) Link
(3) Link
(4) Plunger
(5) Plunger
(6) Spring
(7) Spring
(8) Cap
(9) Cap
(10) Spring seat
(11) Spring seat
(12) Spring
(13) Spring
(14) Outlet port to tank
(15) Spring
(16) Spring
UENR1451 15
Systems Operation Section

(17) Passage Oil from the steering control valve flows through the
(18) Passage steering neutralizer valve for right turns. The oil then
(19) Spool valve flows from the steering neutralizer valve into port (21).
(20) Spool valve
(21) Port to the steering neutralizer valve for a right turn
(22) Inlet port
(23) Port to the steering neutralizer valve for a left turn

When the machine engine is running, oil is drawn

from the hydraulic tank by the pilot oil pump. The pilot
oil pump sends pilot oil through the hydraulic oil filter
to the pilot valve. Pilot oil enters the pilot valve at inlet
port (22).
The Steering Transmission Integrated Control (STIC)
steering control lever is attached to handle (1). When
the STIC steering control lever is in the STRAIGHT
AHEAD position, centering springs (6), (7), (12), (13),
(15) and (16) keep the pivot plate in the CENTERED
position. Pilot oil flows through inlet (22) to metering
spool valves (19) and (20). In this position, the spool
valves block the flow of oil to the steering control
valve causing oil to flow back to the hydraulic tank.
Ports (21) and (23) are also open to the hydraulic
tank.
When the STIC steering control lever is moved to
the LEFT TURN position, the pivot plate causes link
(2) to move plunger (4) downward. As the plunger
moves downward, the plunger overcomes the force of
spring (6) causing the spring to move downward. As
the plunger moves downward through cap (8), the
plunger also causes spring seat (10), spring (12),
spring (15) and spool valve (19) to move downward.
The other plunger remains stationary.
When spool valve (19) moves downward, passage
(17) opens. Oil can now flow from inlet port (22) into
passage (17). The oil then flows through passage
(17) and past spool valve (19). The oil then moves out
of port (21).
The oil flows from port (21) to the steering neutralizer
valve for right turns. Next, the oil flows to the steering
control valve.
Oil that flows from the steering control valve flows
through the steering neutralizer valve for left turns.
The oil then flows from the steering neutralizer valve
for left turns to port (23). Illustration 25 g03075157
Pilot valve and bracket for STIC steering
When the STIC steering control lever is moved to the
RIGHT TURN position, the pivot plate causes link (3) (24) Pilot valve
(25) Bracket
to move plunger (5) downward. As the plunger moves (26) Capsules
downward, spring (7) moves downward. As the
plunger moves downward through cap (9), the Bracket (25) on pilot valve (24) is adjustable. Correct
plunger causes spring seat (11), spring (13), spring adjustment of bracket (25) ensures the proper
(16), and spool valve (20) to move downward. torquing of capsules (26).
When spool valve (20) moves down, passage (18) Reference: For additional information on the
opens. Oil can now flow from inlet port (22) into bracket, refer to Systems Operation, Testing and
passage (18). The oil then flows through passage
(18), past spool valve (20), and out port (23). Spool Adjusting, “STIC Control (Steering Deadband)-
valve (19) remains stationary. Adjust” for the machine that is being serviced.

The oil flows from port (23) to the steering neutralizer

valve for left turns. The oil then flows to the steering
control valve.
16 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

i04818938

Neutralizer Valve (STIC

Steering)
SMCS Code: 4330

Illustration 28 g03003039
Steering neutralizer valve in the OPEN position
(5) Stem
(6) Inlet port
(7) Outlet port
(8) Spring
(9) Return port

Illustration 26 g02951077 Pilot oil flows from the Steering Transmission

(1) Striker
(2) Steering neutralizer valve for a left turn
Illustration 27 g02951076
(3) Steering neutralizer valve for a right turn
(4) Striker
Steering neutralizer valves (2) and (3) are located
below the upper articulation hitch. Left turn steering
neutralizer valve (2) and right turn steering neutralizer
valve (3) are identical. Additionally, there is a left turn
striker (1) and a right turn striker (4) mounted to the
front frame.
The steering neutralizer valves block the flow of pilot
oil to the steering control valve. The machine will stop
articulating at the end of a complete turn. The
machine stops articulating before the front frame
contacts the rear frame.
Integrated Control (STIC) steering pilot valve to either
steering neutralizer valve (2) or (3). Pilot oil flows from
steering neutralizer valve (2) or steering neutralizer
valve (3) to either end of the spool in the steering
control valve.
Oil flows from the STIC steering pilot valve into the
neutralizer valve through inlet port (6). Spring (8)
holds stem (5) to the left. Oil flows past stem (5) and
through outlet port (7). The oil then flows to the
steering control valve.
When the STIC steering control lever is moved to the
right, striker (4) contacts stem (5) of neutralizer valve
(3).
As stem (5) moves right, stem (5) overcomes the
force of spring (8) and blocks the flow of oil through
inlet port (6). With inlet port (6) blocked no pilot oil can
flow to the steering control valve.
When the flow of pilot oil stops acting on the spool in
the steering control valve, the spool returns to the
HOLD position. The steering action will stop.
When the STIC steering control lever is moved left,
return oil from end of spool in the steering control
valve flows through the line. The return oil then flows
into port (7) of right neutralizer valve (3). The oil then
flows past stem (5), through return port (9), and
returns to the hydraulic tank. The spool in the steering
control valve moves to the LEFT TURN position, and
the machine begins to turn to the left.
As the machine moves to the left, striker (4) will move
away from stem (5). The force of spring (8) acts
against stem (5). This causes stem (5) to move left.
As stem (5) moves left by a small amount, stem (5)
opens port (6). Pilot oil flows from port (7), around
stem (5) to port (6). The pilot oil flows from port (6) to
STIC steering pilot valve and returns to the hydraulic
tank.
UENR1451 17
Systems Operation Section

Left neutralizer valve (2) operates in the same

manner as right neutralizer valve (3).
18
Systems Operation Section
Steering System (High Pressure Oil Circuit)
SMCS Code: 4300-HQ
Illustration 29
Hydraulic schematic for the steering system
(1) Steering control valve
(2) Line relief and make-up valve
(3) Line relief and make-up valve
(4) Left steering cylinder
(5) Right steering cylinder
(6) Steering release diverter valve
(7) Brake release cylinder
(8) Steering pilot valve
(9) Brake release cylinder pressure tap
(10) Line to front wheel brakes
(11) Line to rear wheel brakes
(12) Parking brake control valve
(13) Relief valve
(14) Resolver
(15) Parking brake pressure tap
(16) Parking brake oil pressure sensor
UENR1451
i04818935
g03103776
(17) Unloader valve
(18) Pressure compensating spool
(19) Steering relief valve
(20) Spool
(21) Reversible steering solenoid valve
(22) Steering system pressure tap
(23) Steering neutralizer for a left turn
(24) Steering neutralizer for a right turn
(25) Orifice
(26) Hydraulic oil cooler
(27) Selector and pressure control valve
(28) Implement and steering solenoid valve
(29) Line from the implement lift circuit
(30) Secondary steering diverter valve (if
equipped)
(31) Secondary steering pump (if equipped)
UENR1451 19
Systems Operation Section

(32) Breaker relief valve (37) Primary steering flow switch (if (42) Secondary steering flow switch
(33) Check valve equipped) (43) Hydraulic oil filters
(34) Hydraulic tank (38) Hydraulic oil level sensor (44) Check valve
(35) Hydraulic oil temperature sensor (39) Pilot and braking pump (45) Line to brake accumulator charging
(36) Check valve (40) Steering pump valve
(41) Implement pump (46) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve

Note: Illustration 29 shows a machine with the

secondary steering system. Machines without the
secondary steering system will not have secondary
steering diverter valve (30), secondary steering pump
(31), primary steering flow switch (37) and secondary
steering flow switch (42).
The high-pressure circuit provides the high-pressure
oil for steering cylinder (4) and steering cylinder (5).
With the engine running, oil is drawn from hydraulic
tank (34) by steering pump (40). Steering pump (40)
supplies oil to steering control valve (1).
Oil supplied to steering control valve (1) flows through
spool (20).
When pilot oil moves spool (20) the oil from steering
pump (40) is directed to steering cylinder (4) and
steering cylinder (5). When a right turn is made, the
oil flows to the rod end of steering cylinder (5) and to
the head end of cylinder (4). When a left turn is made,
the oil flows to the head end of steering cylinder (5)
and the rod end of cylinder (4).
When a turn is made, oil displaced from steering
cylinder (4) and steering cylinder (5) returns through
spool (20) and steering control valve (1) to hydraulic
oil cooler (26). The return oil flows through hydraulic
oil cooler (26) and hydraulic filters (43) to hydraulic
tank (34).
Hydraulic oil cooler (26) has a bypass orifice. If the oil
is cold or oil cooler (26) is blocked, the oil will flow
through the bypass orifice and return to hydraulic tank
(34).
Line relief and make-up valves (2) and (3) prevent
excessive pressure in steering cylinder (4) and
steering cylinder (5). The pressure could develop if
one of the tires hits an object.
20 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

i05255092

Control Valve (STIC Steering)

SMCS Code: 4307

HOLD Position

Illustration 30 g03348760
Steering control valve in the HOLD position
(1) Line relief and make-up valve (3) Spring (5) Chamber
(2) Line relief and make-up valve (4) Spool (6) Pump passage

In the HOLD position, spring (3) keeps spool (4) in the

centered position. Oil from the pump flows from pump
passage (6) into chamber (5). In the HOLD position,
spool (4) blocks the flow of pump oil.
Line relief and make-up valves (1) and (2) protect the
steering cylinders and lines from sudden pressure
rises. Sudden pressure rises can occur when the
machine strikes a large rock or solid object. The line
relief and make-up valves also assist in preventing
circuit cavitation during rapid turning operations.
UENR1451 21
Systems Operation Section

RIGHT Turn Position

Illustration 31 g03348797
Steering control valve in the RIGHT turn position
(3) Spring (10) Signal oil passage (17) Resolver
(4) Spool (11) Chamber (18) Port
(5) Chamber (12) Port (19) Passage
(6) Pump passage (13) Passage (20) Passage
(7) Port (14) Passage (21) Passage
(8) Chamber for signal oil (15) Passage (22) Port
(9) Pressure compensator spool (16) Passage
22 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

When the STIC control lever is moved to the RIGHT

turn position, pilot oil from the pilot control valve is
routed into port (18). The pilot oil acts against spool
(4), overcoming the force of spring (3) which moves
spool (4) to the left. Pump oil flows from pump
passage (6) into chamber (5). The oil flows around
spool (4) into passage (20). As the oil flows into
passage (20), the oil acts against pressure
compensator spool (9). As the oil pressure increases,
the spring of pressure compensator spool (9)
compresses, and pressure compensator spool (9)
moves up. The oil flows around pressure
compensator spool (9) into passage (19). Oil from
passage (19) then enters the signal oil passage (10).
The signal oil flows from signal oil passage (10) to
resolver (17). Signal oil from chamber for signal oil (8)
flows to the secondary steering diverter valve (if
equipped). Refer to Systems Operation Testing and
Adjusting, “Diverter Valve (Secondary Steering)” for
more information. The oil pressure in chamber for
signal oil (8) and the pressure of the pressure
compensator spring balances oil pressure in passage
(20).
When the oil enters passage (19), oil on the left side
of the passage is blocked by spool (4). On the right
side of passage (19), the oil flows around spool (4)
into passage (16). The oil flows from passage (16)
into passage (14). The oil then flows through port (12)
to the steering cylinders. Oil flows into the rod end of
the right cylinder and the head end of the left cylinder.
The rod in the left cylinder will extend and the rod in
the right cylinder will retract.
Return oil flows through port (7) into passage (13).
The oil moves from passage (13) past the line relief
and makeup valve into passage (15).
This oil flows past spool (4) into passage (21) and
back to the hydraulic tank.
When the operator returns the STIC control lever to
the STRAIGHT AHEAD position, pilot oil flow into port
(18) is stopped. Spring (3) at the left side of spool (4)
will return the spool to the HOLD position. Because
the oil is now blocked in port (12) and port (7), no oil
can flow to or from the steering cylinders. The
machine will continue to turn right until the operator
moves the STIC control lever towards the LEFT turn
position. The operator moves the STIC control lever
far enough to cause the machine to either travel
straight ahead or turn to the left.
UENR1451 23
Systems Operation Section

LEFT Turn Position

Illustration 32 g03349302
Steering control valve in the LEFT turn position
(3) Spring (10) Signal oil passage (17) Resolver
(4) Spool (11) Chamber (18) Port
(5) Chamber (12) Port (19) Passage
(6) Pump passage (13) Passage (20) Passage
(7) Port (14) Passage (21) Passage
(8) Chamber for signal oil (15) Passage (22) Port
(9) Pressure compensator spool (16) Passage
24 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

When the STIC control lever is moved to the LEFT

turn position, pilot oil from the pilot control valve is
routed into port (22). The pilot oil acts against spool
(4), overcoming the force of spring (3) which moves
spool (4) to the right. Pump oil flows from pump
passage (6) into chamber (5). The oil flows around
spool (4) into passage (20). As the oil flows into
passage (20), the oil acts against pressure
compensator spool (9). As the oil pressure increases,
the spring of pressure compensator spool (9)
compresses, and pressure compensator spool (9)
moves up. The oil flows around pressure
compensator spool (9) into passage (19). Oil from
passage (19) then enters the signal oil passage (10).
The signal oil flows from signal oil passage (10) to
resolver (17). Signal oil from chamber for signal oil (8)
flows to the secondary steering diverter valve (if
equipped). Refer to Systems Operation Testing and
Adjusting, “Diverter Valve (Secondary Steering)” for
more information. The oil pressure in chamber for
signal oil (8) and the pressure of the pressure
compensator spring balances oil pressure in passage
(20).
When the oil enters passage (19), oil on the right side
of the passage is blocked by spool (4). On the left
side of passage (19), the oil flows around spool (4)
into passage (15). The oil flows from passage (15)
into passage (13). The oil then flows through port (7)
to the steering cylinders. Oil flows into the rod end of
the left cylinder and the head end of the right cylinder.
The rod in the right cylinder will extend and the rod in
the left cylinder will retract.
Return oil flows through port (12) into passage (14).
The oil moves from passage (14) past the line relief
and makeup valve into passage (16).
This oil flows past spool (4) into passage (21) and
back to the hydraulic tank.
When the operator returns the STIC control lever to
the STRAIGHT AHEAD position, pilot oil flowing into
port (22) is stopped. Spring (3) at the left side of spool
(4) will return the spool to the HOLD position.
Because the oil is now blocked in port (7) and port
(12), no oil can flow to or from the steering cylinders.
The machine will continue to turn right until the
operator moves the STIC control lever towards the
RIGHT turn position. The operator moves the STIC
control lever far enough to cause the machine to
either travel straight ahead or turn to the right.
UENR1451
Secondary Steering System
SMCS Code: 4300-SE
Illustration 33
Hydraulic schematic for the steering system
(1) Steering control valve
(2) Line relief and make-up valve
(3) Line relief and make-up valve
(4) Left steering cylinder
(5) Right steering cylinder
(6) Steering release diverter valve
(7) Brake release cylinder
(8) Steering pilot valve
(9) Brake release cylinder pressure tap
(10) Line to front wheel brakes
(11) Line to rear wheel brakes
(12) Parking brake control valve
(13) Relief valve
(14) Resolver
(15) Parking brake pressure tap
(16) Parking brake oil pressure sensor
25
Systems Operation Section
i04818937
g03103776
(17) Unloader valve
(18) Pressure compensating spool
(19) Steering relief valve
(20) Spool
(21) Reversible steering solenoid valve
(22) Steering system pressure tap
(23) Steering neutralizer for a left turn
(24) Steering neutralizer for a right turn
(25) Orifice
(26) Hydraulic oil cooler
(27) Selector and pressure control valve
(28) Implement and steering solenoid valve
(29) Line from the implement lift circuit
(30) Secondary steering diverter valve (if
equipped)
(31) Secondary steering pump (if equipped)
26 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

(32) Breaker relief valve (37) Primary steering flow switch (if (42) Secondary steering flow switch
(33) Check valve equipped) (43) Hydraulic oil filters
(34) Hydraulic tank (38) Hydraulic oil level sensor (44) Check valve
(35) Hydraulic oil temperature sensor (39) Pilot and braking pump (45) Line to brake accumulator charging
(36) Check valve (40) Steering pump valve
(41) Implement pump (46) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
UENR1451
The optional secondary steering system has two
purposes:
• The supply of steering oil should steering pump
(40) fail or the engine stops while the machine is
moving
• The addition of oil to the steering pump flow when
the engine rpm is low and the machine is moving
Secondary steering pump (31) is mounted to the front
of the output transfer gears. The secondary steering
pump (31) is a ground speed driven pump that turns
as long as the machine is moving.
Secondary steering flow switch (42) is mounted to
secondary steering diverter valve (30).
Primary steering flow switch (37) is mounted to
secondary steering diverter valve (30).
With the engine running, oil from steering pump (40)
flows through primary steering flow switch (37) to
secondary steering diverter valve (30). Oil from
steering pump (40) moves the paddle in primary
steering flow switch (37). When the paddle moves,
the contacts in primary steering flow switch (37) will
close and the primary/secondary steering indicator
will be off. Oil then flows through secondary steering
diverter valve (30) to steering control valve (1). This
oil is used to operate steering cylinders (4) and (5).
If the steering pump (40) fails, there will be a loss of
steering oil flow. The contacts in primary steering flow
switch (37) will open. A signal will be sent to the
primary steering indicator. The primary steering
indicator will be on and alert the operator that the
primary steering system has failed.
When the machine starts to move, secondary
steering pump (31) also starts to turn. When ground
speed is above 3 km/h (1.9 mph) oil from secondary
steering pump (31) moves the paddle in secondary
steering flow switch (42). The contacts in secondary
steering flow switch (42) will close and the secondary
steering indicator will be off. As secondary steering
pump (31) turns, oil is drawn from hydraulic tank (34)
and is sent to secondary steering diverter valve (30).
If the secondary steering pump (31) fails, there will be
a loss of secondary steering oil flow. The contacts in
secondary steering flow switch (42) will open. A
signal will be sent to the secondary steering indicator.
The secondary steering indicator will be on and alert
the operator that the secondary steering system has
failed.
With machine moving and engine rpm less than 1700
± 40 rpm, secondary steering pump oil and steering
pump oil combine in secondary steering diverter
valve (30). This combined oil flows into steering
control valve (1).
With machine moving and engine rpm above 1700 ±
40 rpm, secondary steering diverter valve (30) sends
secondary steering pump oil to hydraulic tank (34).
Steering pump (40) now provides all of the oil to
steering control valve (1). If the steering pump fails or
the engine stops, secondary steering diverter valve
27
Systems Operation Section
(30) will direct secondary steering pump oil to
steering control valve (1).
Oil is supplied to steering control valve (1). When pilot
oil moves spool (20) the high-pressure oil is directed
to steering cylinders (4) and (5). When a right turn is
made, the pressure oil flows to rod end of steering
cylinder (5) and to head end of steering cylinder (4).
When a left turn is made, the pressure oil flows to
head end of steering cylinder (5) and to rod end of
steering cylinder (4).
Oil is displaced from the steering cylinder when a turn
is made. Oil returns through spool (20) and steering
control valve (1) to hydraulic oil cooler (26). The
return oil flows through hydraulic oil cooler (26) and
hydraulic filters (43) to hydraulic tank (34).
Hydraulic oil cooler (26) has an orifice that bypasses
hydraulic oil cooler (26). If the oil is cold or if the oil
cooler is blocked, the oil will flow through the orifice
and return to hydraulic tank (34).
i04818934
Gear Pump (Secondary
Steering)
SMCS Code: 4324-GT; 5073-SST
Illustration 34 g03010556
Secondary steering pump
(1) Drive shaft
(2) Idler gear
(3) Inlet port
(4) Drive gear
(5) Pump housing
(6) Outlet port
The secondary steering pump is a fixed displacement
gear pump. Drive shaft (1) turns drive gear (4), which
forces idler gear (2) to turn. A seal is formed by the
gears against pump housing (5). As the gears turn, oil
enters through inlet port (3). The oil is trapped
between the teeth and the pump housing. The oil is
pulled around the outside of the gears. The oil is then
forced out of outlet port (6).
28 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

Illustration 35 g03075138
Location of the secondary steering pump
(7) Secondary steering pump
(8) Secondary steering diverter valve

Secondary steering pump (7) is mounted on the front

of the output transfer gears on the front of the
transmission. Secondary steering diverter valve (8) is
mounted to the secondary steering pump.
The following will occur if the primary steering pump
fails to pump oil or if engine stops. Secondary
steering diverter valve (8) will allow pressure oil from
secondary steering pump (7) to flow to steering
control valve.

i04818933

Diverter Valve (Secondary

Steering)
SMCS Code: 4339

Illustration 36 g02953556
Location of the secondary steering diverter valve
UENR1451 29
Systems Operation Section

Illustration 37 g02953618
Secondary steering diverter valve
(1) Outlet port (6) Inlet port for secondary steering pump (11) Load sense chamber
(2) Inlet port from primary pump (7) Outlet to flow switch (12) Load sense inlet port
(3) Check valve (8) Hydraulic tank return passage (13) Pressure reducing valve
(4) Diverter spool (9) Relief valve
(5) Check valve (10) Spring

The following components are the main components

of the diverter valve: diverter spool (4), check valves
(3) and (5), relief valve (9) and pressure reducing
valve (13).
30 UENR1451
Systems Operation Section

When the engine is running, the oil from the steering

pump flows through inlet port (2). The force of the oil
opens check valve (5) and oil is allowed to flow out of
outlet port (1) to the steering control valve. This oil
also holds check valve (3) closed and the oil pushes
diverter spool (4) down. The movement of the spool
opens inlet port (6) from the secondary steering
pump. The oil from the secondary steering pump then
flows from hydraulic tank return passage (8).
If there is a failure of the primary pump, the pressure
behind check valve (3) is reduced. Diverter spool (4)
moves up due to the combination of spring force (10)
and the pressure of the load in load sense chamber
(11). The path is closed from inlet port (6) to tank port
(8). Oil from the secondary steering pump is forced
through check valve (3). The oil then flows to the Illustration 39 g03067456
steering control valve. (1) Port
(2) Port from brake release cylinder
(3) Port to tank
i04818975
(4) Port
(5) Spool
Diverter Valve (Steering
Steering release diverter valve allows oil flow
Release) between rod end and head end of the steering
SMCS Code: 4300 cylinders when steering release diverter valve is
activated.
Pressure oil from the brake release cylinder flows to
port (2) and moves spool (5) to the left. Oil can now
flow between port (1) and port (4).
Reference: For further information on the steering
release diverter valve, refer to System Operation
Testing and Adjusting, Braking System, “Brake
Release System”.

Illustration 38 g02956196

The steering release diverter valve is located on the

rear frame beside the hydraulic oil tank.
UENR1451
Testing And Adjusting
Section
Troubleshooting
i02282629
Machine Preparation for
Troubleshooting
SMCS Code: 4300-035
Sudden movement of the machine or release of
oil under pressure can cause serious injury to
persons on or near the machine.
To prevent possible injury, perform the procedure
that follows before testing and adjusting the hy-
draulic system.
Personal injury or death can result from escaping
fluid under pressure.
Escaping fluid under pressure, even a very small
pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tissue and
cause serious injury and possible death. If fluid is
injected into your skin, it must be treated by a
doctor familiar with this type of injury.
Always use a board or cardboard when checking
for a leak.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be
prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling
any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Caterpillar
Tools and Shop Products Guide” for tools and sup-
plies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpil-
lar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Note: Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep
all other personnel away from the machine or in the
operator's sight.
31
Troubleshooting
1. Move the machine to a hard, level surface. Lower
the work tool to the ground.
2. Place the transmission direction and speed control
in the NEUTRAL position and in any speed
position. Engage the steering and transmission
lock lever on STIC steering machines. Engage
the transmission neutral lock on wheel steering
machines.
3. Engage the parking brake. Place wheel blocks in
front of the wheels and behind the wheels.
4. Stop the engine.
5. Install the steering frame lock.
6. Move the key start switch to the ON position.
7. Move the joystick control lever through the full
range of travel. This will relieve any pressure that
may be present in the implement hydraulic system.
Place the joystick control lever in the HOLD
position.
8. Move the steering control several times in both
directions to release the pressure in the steering
system.
9. Depress the brake pedal repeatedly. This will
relieve any pressure that may be present in the
braking system.
10. Depress the breaker relief valve on the hydraulic
tank to release the pressure in the hydraulic tank.
i01864853
Visual Inspection
SMCS Code: 4300-035
Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pres-
sure and hot oil.
Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic
system after the engine has been stopped. Seri-
ous injury can be caused if this pressure is not re-
leased before any service is done on the
hydraulic system.
Make sure all of the work tools have been lowered
to the ground, and the oil is cool before removing
any components or lines. Remove the oil filler cap
only when the engine is stopped, and the filler cap
is cool enough to touch with your bare hand.
32
Troubleshooting
Personal injury or death can result from escaping
fluid under pressure.
Escaping fluid under pressure, even a very small
pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tissue and
cause serious injury and possible death. If fluid is
injected into your skin, it must be treated by a
doctor familiar with this type of injury.
Always use a board or cardboard when checking
for a leak.
Sudden movement or accidental starting of the
machine can cause personal injury or death to
persons on or near the machine.
To prevent personal injury or death, perform the
following:
Park the machine on a smooth, level surface.
Lower the work tool to the ground and engage the
parking brake.
Stop the engine and remove the key.
Block the wheels and install the steering frame
lock.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be
prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling
any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Caterpillar
Tools and Shop Products Guide” for tools and sup-
plies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpil-
lar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Before any tests are performed, visually inspect the
entire hydraulic system for oil leaks and for damaged
parts. For some of the tests, a magnet and a
measuring rule (millimeters or inches) are usable
tools.
When any test is performed on the steering system,
the hydraulic oil must be at the normal operating
temperature. To increase the oil temperature, start the
engine and turn the machine in both directions. Also,
raise the work tool and lower the work tool.
UENR1451
When you diagnose a problem in the steering system,
a visual inspection of the steering system is the first
step. Engage the parking brake. Lower the work tool
to the ground. Stop the engine and install the steering
frame lock. Perform the following inspections:
1. Check the oil level in the hydraulic tank. Locate the
breaker relief valve on the hydraulic oil tank. Press
and hold down the plunger on the breaker relief
valve. Permit the pressure in the hydraulic tank to
be released before the cap is removed.
2. Look for air in the hydraulic tank oil immediately
after the engine is stopped. Use a clear container
to obtain a sample of the oil. Look for air bubbles in
the oil in the container.
3. Remove the filter elements and look for particles in
the filter elements. A magnet will separate ferrous
particles such as iron and steel from the
nonferrous particles such as aluminum and rubber.
4. Check all oil lines and all connections for damage
and for leaks.
5. Check for damaged components.
i04888362
Steering System
Troubleshooting
SMCS Code: 4300-035
Personal injury or death can result from machine
articulation or movement. Machine frames can
move and a person can be crushed.
Connect the steering frame lock between the front
and rear frames before working on the machine.
Personal injury or death can result from escaping
fluid under pressure.
Escaping fluid under pressure, even a very small
pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tissue and
cause serious injury and possible death. If fluid is
injected into your skin, it must be treated by a
doctor familiar with this type of injury.
Always use a board or cardboard when checking
for a leak.
UENR1451
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Performance tests for the steering system can be
used for poor performance diagnosis and for finding
the source of oil leaks inside the hydraulic system.
This section provides probable causes to a known
problem. Since there may be several probable
causes, specific inspections or specific instrument
tests may be recommended. These inspections and
tests will help to identify the cause that is most
probable.
Note: Make sure that you use hydraulic oil with the
correct viscosity for the ambient temperature and for
the operating conditions. To determine the correct oil
viscosity, see the reference that follows.
Reference: For additional information about the
various lubricant viscosities, refer Operation and
Maintenance Manual, “Lubricant Viscosities”.
Problem 1: The machine turns slowly when the
STIC steering control lever is moved.
Probable causes
• The oil is too cold
• There is a restriction in the pilot lines of the pilot
valve
• The pilot lines to the pilot valve are not connected
to the correct ports
• Steering pump pressure low
Problem 2: The machine responds slowly when
the machine is steered quickly away from a full
turn.
Probable cause:
• The steering neutralizer valves do not move freely
The STIC steering control lever attempts to turn
the machine when the machine is in a full turn.
Probable causes:
33
Troubleshooting
• The adjustment of the steering neutralizer valve is
not correct
• The relief valve opens before the striker moves the
neutralizer valve stem
The machine does not turn smoothly.
Probable cause:
• The control valve spool does not move freely
The machine turns too slow in both directions.
Probable causes:
• There is not enough flow from the steering pump
• The control valve spool does not move all the way
The machine turns too slow in one direction.
Probable causes:
• There is a faulty seal and/or seat in the resolver
(ball resolver)
Reference: Refer to Testing and Adjusting, “Steering
time check” for more information.
The machine turns correctly when moving, but is
slow in both directions when the machine turns
against a load (high resistance).
Probable causes:
• Oil is leaking past the relief valve seat or seals
• The control valve spool does not fit correctly in the
bore
• Oil is leaking past both seats of the resolver (ball
resolver)
The machine turns correctly when moving, but
the machine turns slowly in one direction when
the machine turns against a load (high
resistance).
Probable causes:
• Slow right turn: leakage past resolver (ball
resolver) seat or seals
• Slow left turn: leakage past resolver (ball resolver)
seat or seals
The machine does not turn when the STIC
steering control lever is moved.
Probable causes:
• The control valve spool will not move from the
HOLD position
• Oil is leaking past the relief valve seat or seals
• A steering neutralizer valve stem does not return to
the open position
34 UENR1451
Troubleshooting

The machine turns without moving the STIC

steering control lever.
Probable causes:
• The control valve spool will not return correctly to
the HOLD position

• The mounting bolts for the steering control valve

are too tight

• The bolts are too tight for the end covers of the
steering control valve
• Manufacturing tolerances for the control valve
spool do not permit the spool to return to the HOLD
position
The pump makes noise and the steering cylinder
pistons and cylinder rods do not move smoothly.
Probable causes:

• There is air in the steering hydraulic circuit

• The pump has too much wear

• There is a loose connection of the oil line on the

inlet side of the pump
• The viscosity of the oil is incorrect

• The relief valve opens at low oil pressure

• The tank oil level is low
UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting
i02259819
System Pressure - Release
SMCS Code: 4300-553-PX
Personal injury or death can result from escaping
fluid under pressure.
Escaping fluid under pressure, even a very small
pin-hole size leak, can penetrate body tissue and
cause serious injury and possible death. If fluid is
injected into your skin, it must be treated by a
doctor familiar with this type of injury.
Always use a board or cardboard when checking
for a leak.
Sudden movement of the machine or release of
oil under pressure can cause injury to persons on
or near the machine.
To prevent possible injury, perform the procedure
that follows before testing and adjusting the steer-
ing system.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be
prepared to collect the fluid with suitable containers
before opening any compartment or disassembling
any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Caterpillar
Tools and Shop Products Guide” for tools and sup-
plies suitable to collect and contain fluids on Caterpil-
lar products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Note: Permit only one operator on the machine. Keep
all other personnel away from the machine or in the
operator's sight.
1. Move the machine to a hard, level surface.
35
Testing and Adjusting
2. Place the transmission direction and speed control
in the NEUTRAL position and in any speed
position. Engage the steering and transmission
lock lever on STIC steering machines. Engage
the transmission neutral lock on wheel steering
machines.
3. Engage the parking brake. Place wheel blocks in
front of the wheels and behind the wheels.
4. When the work tool is raised for testing or for
adjusting, make sure that the work tool is
supported correctly. Also, make sure that the work
tool is fully in the DUMP position. The lift circuit has
high oil pressure when the lift arms raise the front
of the machine.
Note: Do not stop the machine with the front of the
machine off the ground unless this is required for a
test. Lower the machine to the ground and stop the
engine.
5. If the machine is equipped with an optional ride
control system, with the engine speed above 1500
rpm, press and hold the ride control switch to the
SERVICE position. Move the joystick control lever
to the FLOAT position. This will relieve all of the
hydraulic pressure in the ride control accumulator.
6. Decrease the engine speed to low idle.
7. Stop the engine.
8. Install the steering frame lock.
9. Move the key start switch to the ON position.
10. Move the joystick control lever through the full
range of travel. This will relieve any pressure that
may be present in the implement hydraulic system.
11. Move the steering control several times in both
directions to release the pressure in the steering
system.
12. Release the braking system oil pressure.
Reference: Refer to Systems Operation, Testing and
Adjusting, Braking System, “System Pressure -
Release” for the machine that is being serviced.
13. Depress the breaker relief valve on the hydraulic
tank to release the pressure in the hydraulic tank.
i04888366
Pump Flow - Test
(Secondary Steering)
36 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

SMCS Code: 5055-081 Table 1

Gear Pump (Secondary Steering)

Pump Engine
Output Pressure Pump Speed
Flow Speed
Personal injury or death can result from sudden
machine movement. 166 L/min
690 kPa
(44 US 2000 rpm 2000 rpm
Sudden movement of the machine can cause in- (100 psi)
Full gpm)
jury to persons on or near the machine.
Speed 149 L/min
6900 kPa
To prevent injury or death, make sure that the area (40 US
(1000 psi)
2000 rpm 2000 rpm
around the machine is clear of personnel and ob- gpm)
structions before operating the machine.
83 L/min
690 kPa
(22 US 1000 rpm 1000 rpm
(100 psi)
Half gpm)
Speed 75 L/min
6900 kPa
(20 US 1000 rpm 1000 rpm
Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pres- gpm)
(1000 psi)
sure and hot oil.
Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic
system after the engine has been stopped. Seri-
ous injury can be caused if this pressure is not re-
leased before any service is done on the
hydraulic system.
Make sure all of the attachments have been low-
ered, and the oil is cool before removing any com-
ponents or lines. Remove the oil filler cap only
when the engine is stopped, and the filler cap is
cool enough to touch with your bare hand.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products.
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Reference: For additional information on the
operation of the hydraulic system, refer to
Specifications for the machine that is being serviced.
Specifications
The secondary steering pump is a gear type pump.
For the pump flow test, use SAE 10W oil that is at
65°C (150°F).
Illustration 40 g03071396
Secondary steering pump
Introduction
This test is designed to determine whether a pump is
operating within design parameters. This test should
be performed only if all cylinder cycle times are too
slow.
For any pump test, the pump flow at 690 kPa
(100 psi) will be larger than the pump flow at
6900 kPa (1000 psi) if the pump is operating at the
same rpm. The pump flow is measured in L/min (US
gpm).
The difference between the pump flow of two
operating pressures is the flow loss.
Note: The values in the examples are not set values
for any specific pump or for any specific pump
condition. See the Specification for the pump flow of a
new pump at 690 kPa (100 psi) and at 6900 kPa
(1000 psi).
UENR1451 37
Testing and Adjusting

Table 2 2. Remove the secondary steering pump. Refer to

Method of determining flow loss Disassembly and Assembly, “Gear Pump
(Secondary Steering) - Remove” for the machine
Pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi) being serviced.
− Pump flow at 6900 kPa (1000 psi)
Test Procedure
Flow loss

Bench Test
Table 3
Example of determining flow loss If the test bench can be run at 6900 kPa (1000 psi)
and at full pump rpm, use the formula in Table 6 to
217.6 L/min (57.5 US gpm) determine the percent of flow loss.
− 196.8 L/min (52.0 US gpm) If the test bench cannot be run at 6900 kPa
(1000 psi) or at full pump rpm, run the pump shaft at
20.8 L/min (5.5 US gpm)
1000 rpm. Measure the pump flow at 690 kPa
(100 psi) and at 6900 kPa (1000 psi). Use these
Flow loss that is expressed as a percentage of pump values in the top portion of the formula in Table 2 . For
flow is used as a measure of pump performance. the bottom part of the formula, run the pump shaft at
Table 4
2000 rpm. Measure the pump flow at 690 kPa
(100 psi).
Method of determining percent of flow loss Table 6
Flow loss (L/min or US Pump flow at 690 kPa
gpm) (100 psi)
Percent of flow
× 100 =
Pump flow at 690 kPa loss Pump flow at 6900 kPa
(100 psi) −
(1000 psi)
Percent of
Pump flow at 690 kPa × 100 =
flow loss
Table 5 (100 psi) and at 2000
Example of determining percent of flow loss rpm

20.8 L (5.5 US gal)

× 100 = 9.5% i04888941
217.6 L/min
(57.5 US gpm)
Pump Flow - Test
(Implement, Steering, Pilot, and
Test Preparation
Braking)
SMCS Code: 5055-081

Personal injury or death can result from sudden

machine movement.
Sudden movement of the machine can cause in-
jury to persons on or near the machine.
To prevent injury or death, make sure that the area
around the machine is clear of personnel and ob-
structions before operating the machine.

Illustration 41 g03075296
Steering frame lock installed
(1) Steering frame lock

1. Install the steering frame lock (1).

Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance

Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.
38 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

Table 8
Steering
Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pres-
Pump Pump Engine
sure and hot oil. Output Pressure
Flow Speed Speed
Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic 175 L/min 690 kPa
system after the engine has been stopped. Seri- (46.2US gpm) (100 psi)
1953 rpm 2100 rpm
ous injury can be caused if this pressure is not re- Full
leased before any service is done on the Speed 173 L/min 6900 kPa
1953 rpm 2100 rpm
hydraulic system. (45.7US gpm) (1000 psi)

Make sure all of the attachments have been low- 87 L/min 690 kPa
977 rpm 1050 rpm
ered, and the oil is cool before removing any com- Half (23.2 US gpm) (100 psi)
ponents or lines. Remove the oil filler cap only Speed 86 L/min 6900 kPa
when the engine is stopped, and the filler cap is 977 rpm 1050 rpm
(22.7 US gpm) (1000 psi)
cool enough to touch with your bare hand.
Table 9
NOTICE Pilot and Braking
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte- Pump Pump Engine
Output Pressure
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product. Flow Speed Speed
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain- 23 L/min 690 kPa
ers before opening any compartment or disassem- 1953 rpm 2100 rpm
Full (6.08 US gpm) (100 psi)
bling any component containing fluids. Speed 23 L/min 6900 kPa
1953 rpm 2100 rpm
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer (6.08 US gpm) (1000 psi)
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable 12 L/min 690 kPa
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products. (3.17 US gpm) (100 psi)
977 rpm 1050 rpm
Half
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and Speed 12 L/min 6900 kPa
mandates. 977 rpm 1050 rpm
(3.17 US gpm) (1000 psi)

Reference: For additional information on the The rotation of the shaft is clockwise when viewed
operation of the hydraulic system, refer to from drive end.
Specifications for the machine that is being serviced. For testing purposes, use SAE 10W oil at 65 °C
(150 °F).
Specifications
Table 7
Implement

Pump Pump Engine

Output Pressure
Flow Speed Speed
340 L/min 690 kPa
1953 rpm 2100 rpm
Full (90 US gpm) (100 psi)
Speed 336 L/min 6900 kPa
1953 rpm 2100 rpm
(89 US gpm) (1000 psi)

171 L/min 690 kPa

977 rpm 1050 rpm
Half (45.2 US gpm) (100 psi)
Speed 169 L/min 6900 kPa
977 rpm 1050 rpm
(44.7 US gpm) (1000 psi) Illustration 42 g03043137
(1) Implement pump section
(2) Steering pump section
(3) Pilot and braking pump section

Introduction
This test is designed to determine whether a pump is
operating within design parameters. This test should
be performed only if all cylinder cycle times are too
slow.
UENR1451 39
Testing and Adjusting

For any pump test, the pump flow at 690 kPa

(100 psi) will be larger than the pump flow at
6900 kPa (1000 psi) if the pump is operating at the
same rpm. The pump flow is measured in L/min (US
gpm).
The difference between the pump flow of two
operating pressures is the flow loss.

Note: The values in the examples are not set values

for any specific pump or for any specific pump
condition. See the Specification for the pump flow of a
new pump at 690 kPa (100 psi) and at 6900 kPa
(1000 psi).
Table 10
Method of determining flow loss
Illustration 43 g03075256
Pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi) Steering frame lock installed
− (4) Steering frame lock
Pump flow at 6900 kPa (1000 psi)

Flow loss 1. Install the steering frame lock (4).

Table 11 Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance

Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
Example of determining flow loss
serviced.
217.6 L/min (57.5 US gpm)
Test Procedure
− 196.8 L/min (52.0 US gpm)

20.8 L/min (5.5 US gpm) Machine Test

Install a flow meter. Run the engine at high idle.
Flow loss that is expressed as a percentage of pump Measure the pump flow at 690 kPa (100 psi) and at
flow is used as a measure of pump performance. 6900 kPa (1000 psi). Use these values in the formula
Table 12 in Table 14 .
Method of determining percent of flow loss Table 14
Pump flow at 690 kPa
Flow loss (L/min or US (100 psi)
gpm)
Percent of flow
× 100 = Pump flow at 6900 kPa
Pump flow at 690 kPa loss −
(1000 psi)
(100 psi) Percent of
× 100 =
Pump flow at 690 kPa flow loss
(100 psi)
Table 13
Example of determining percent of flow loss

20.8 L (5.5 US gal) Bench Test

217.6 L/min × 100 = 9.5% If the test bench can be run at 6900 kPa (1000 psi)
(57.5 US gpm) and at full pump rpm, use the formula in Table 14 to
determine the percent of flow loss.

Test Preparation If the test bench cannot be run at 6900 kPa

(1000 psi) or at full pump rpm, run the pump shaft at
1000 rpm. Measure the pump flow at 690 kPa
(100 psi) and at 6900 kPa (1000 psi). Use these
values in the top portion of the formula in Table 7 . For
the bottom part of the formula, run the pump shaft at
2000 rpm. Measure the pump flow at 690 kPa
(100 psi).
40 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

Table 15 Specification
Pump flow at 690 kPa Table 16
(100 psi)
Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot Oil)
Pump flow at 6900 kPa
− Pressure setting 3515 ± 70 kPa (510 ± 10 psi)
(1000 psi)
Percent of
Pump flow at 690 kPa × 100 =
flow loss
(100 psi) and at 2000
rpm

i04893827

Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot

Oil) - Test and Adjust
SMCS Code: 5117-036

Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pres-

sure and hot oil.
Illustration 44 g03040961
Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic Pressure reducing valve
system after the engine has been stopped. Seri- (1) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
ous injury can be caused if this pressure is not re- (2) lock nut
leased before any service is done on the (3) Adjusting screw
hydraulic system.
Table 17
Make sure all of the work tools have been lowered
to the ground, and the oil is cool before removing Specification
any components or lines. Remove the oil filler cap
only when the engine is stopped, and the filler cap Item Qty Part Specification Description
is cool enough to touch with your bare hand. 1 Valve Torque to 50 ± 5 N·m (37 ± 4 lb ft)

Torque to 7.5 ± 0.7 N·m

2 Locknut (66 ± 6 lb in)

Personal injury or death can result from machine

movement.
Place blocks in front of and behind the wheels to
make sure the machine does not move while the
parking brakes are disengaged.

NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer Illustration 45 g03047156
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable Parking brake control valve
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products.
(4) Pressure tap (pilot oil)
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates. Introduction
This procedure is used to test and adjust the pilot oil
pressure reducing valve setting.
UENR1451 41
Testing and Adjusting

Required Tools 4. If the pressure is not correct, engage the parking

Table 18 brake and stop the engine.
Required Tools 5. Depress the service brake pedal at least 25 times
Qty Description
to release any pressure in the brake accumulators.
Tool Item Part No
Pressure Gauge 6. Move the joystick control lever several times
B1 1 8T-0856
0 to 6000 kPa through the full range of travel to release any
(0 to 970 psi) pressure in the implement pilot circuits.

B B2 1 6V-3989 Fitting 7. Move the STIC steering control lever several

times in both directions to release any pressure in
B3 2 6V-4143 Quick Connect Coupler
the steering system.
Hose As
B4 1 177-7861 8. Press and hold the breaker relief valve to release
4.3 m (14 ft)
any pressure in the hydraulic tank.

Illustration 46 g03040956 Illustration 47 g03034037

(1) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
Test Preparation
Adjustment Procedure
1. Move the machine to a hard, level surface.

2. Engage the parking brake and stop the engine.

3. Put blocks in front and behind the wheels.

4. Install the steering frame lock.

Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance

Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.

Test Procedure
1. Connect tooling (B) to pressure tap (4).

2. Start and run the engine at high idle rpm.

Illustration 48 g03040961
Disengage the parking brake. With the oil at
normal operating temperature, check the pressure. (1) Pilot oil pressure reducing valve
(2) Locknut
Refer to table 16 for the correct pressure. (3) Adjusting screw

3. If the pressure reading is correct, engage the

1. Loosen locknut (2) and turn adjusting screw (3) on
parking brake and stop the engine. Remove the
pilot oil pressure reducing valve (1). Turn adjusting
Tooling (B) from pressure tap (4). Place the
screw (3) clockwise to increase pressure and
protective cover over the pressure tap.
counterclockwise to decrease pressure. Refer to
table 16 for the correct pressure.
42 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

2. After the correct pressure setting has been

obtained, tighten locknut (2). Recheck the
pressure setting. Refer to Table 17 for the correct
torque setting.
3. If the pressure reading is not correct, engage the
parking brake and stop the engine. Repeat Steps 5
through 8 Test Procedure and 1 through 2
Adjustment Procedure.
4. Remove the steering frame lock.
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are con-
tained during performance of inspection, mainte-
nance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the product.
Be prepared to collect the fluid with suitable contain-
ers before opening any compartment or disassem-
bling any component containing fluids.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Dealer
Service Tool Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable
to collect and contain fluids on Cat products.

5. Remove the steering frame lock. Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates.
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced. Specifications
Table 19
i04888358 Steering Relief Valve

Steering System Pressure - Pressure Setting

18825 ± 345 kPa
(2730 ± 50 psi)
Test and Adjust One turn of adjusting screw 12000 kPa (1740 psi)
SMCS Code: 4300-025-PX; 4300-081-PX

Introduction
The following procedure is used to measure and
Personal injury or death can result from sudden adjust the steering system relief valve pressure
machine movement. setting.
Sudden movement of the machine can cause in-
jury to persons on or near the machine. Required Tools
Table 20
To prevent injury or death, make sure that the area
around the machine is clear of personnel and ob- Required Tools
structions before operating the machine.
Tool Item Qty Part No Description
Pressure Gauge
B1 1 8T-0859 0 to 25000 kPa
(0 to 3600 psi)
Personal injury can result from hydraulic oil pres- B2 1 6V-3989 Fitting
sure and hot oil. B
B3 2 6V-4143 Quick Connect Coupler
Hydraulic oil pressure can remain in the hydraulic
system after the engine has been stopped. Seri- Hose As
B4 1 177-7861
ous injury can be caused if this pressure is not re- 4.3 m (14 ft)
leased before any service is done on the
hydraulic system.
Make sure all of the attachments have been low-
ered, and the oil is cool before removing any com-
ponents or lines. Remove the oil filler cap only
when the engine is stopped, and the filler cap is
cool enough to touch with your bare hand.
UENR1451
Illustration 49 g03014916
(B) Tooling
Test Preparation
1. Move the machine to a hard level surface away
from operating machines and away from
personnel.
2. Engage the parking brake. Place wheel blocks in
front of the wheels and behind the wheels.
3. Stop the engine.
Illustration 50 g03077276
Steering frame lock installed
4. Install the steering frame lock.
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.
Note: The machine will be turned against the steering
frame lock in order to open the steering relief valve.
5. Start the engine and warm up the hydraulic oil.
Note: The hydraulic oil must be at normal operating
temperature in order to obtain an accurate reading.
6. Stop the engine.
43
Testing and Adjusting
7. Release the pressure from the steering system.
Refer to Systems Operation, Testing & Adjusting,
“System Pressure - Release”.
Test Procedure
Illustration 51 g03068736
Steering control valve
(1) Location of the pressure tap for the steering system
1. Remove the dust cap and connect Tooling (B) to
pressure tap (1).
2. Start the engine. Operate the engine at the high
idle rpm with the transmission in NEUTRAL.
3. Turn the machine against the steering frame lock in
both directions. The steering relief valve will open.
4. Record the pressure on the pressure gauge. Refer
to Table 19 for the correct pressure setting.
5. Stop the engine.
6. Release the pressure from the steering system.
Refer to Systems Operation, Testing & Adjusting,
“System Pressure - Release”.
7. If the pressure setting is incorrect, refer to
“Adjustment Procedure”.
8. If the pressure setting is correct, remove Tooling
(B) and install the dust cap.
9. If the pressure setting is correct, remove the
steering frame lock.
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.
44 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

Adjustment Procedure Introduction

The following procedure is used to check the steering
time.

Required Tools
Table 22
Required Tools

Tool Item Qty Part No Description

C C1 1 9U-7839 Stopwatch

Test Preparation
1. Move the machine to an open area away from
personnel.

2. Park the machine on a surface that is hard, dry,

Illustration 52 g03068756
Steering control valve
(2) Pressure adjusting screw
1. Remove plug (2) in order to access the steering
system pressure adjusting screw.
2. Turn adjusting screw clockwise in order to increase
the pressure setting. Turn adjusting screw
counterclockwise in order to decrease the
pressure setting.
3. When the correct pressure setting is obtained, stop
the engine. Remove the pressure gauge from the
pressure tap. Place the protective cover on the
pressure tap.
and level.
3. Ensure that the steering frame lock is in the
STORED position.
Test Procedure
1. Run the engine at high idle. Move the joystick
control lever to the TILT BACK position in order to
increase the temperature of the oil to normal
operating temperature.
2. Raise the work tool to approximately 300 mm
(12 inch) above the ground.
3. Place the transmission in the NEUTRAL position.
Note: The hydraulic controls should also be in the
NEUTRAL position.
4. Disengage the parking brake.

4. Remove the steering frame lock. 5. Release the service brakes.

Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance 6. Articulate the machine to the left or to the right until
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being the machine stops articulating.
serviced.

Note: Line relief valves are non-adjustable and Note: Using Tooling (C), start to measure the steering
factory set. time when the machine starts to articulate. Measure
the steering time until the machine stops articulating.
i04888357
7. With the engine at high idle, move the STIC
steering control lever. Fully articulate the machine
Steering Time - Check in the opposite direction until the machine stops
articulating. Record the result.
SMCS Code: 4309-531
8. Repeat Step 7 to check the steering time in the
Specifications opposite direction. Record the result.
Table 21 9. Engage the parking brake and lower the work tool
Steering Time Difference in Steering Time to the ground.
3.2 ± 0.3 seconds 0.0 ± 0.3 seconds 10. Stop the engine.
UENR1451 45
Testing and Adjusting

Adjustment Procedure
1. For the steering time and the difference between
the left steering time and the right steering time,
refer to table 21 . If the steering time is not correct,
check the following:

• Steering relief valve

• Steering pump flow

• Pilot oil pressure

• Valve spool in the steering control valve

• Steering cylinder piston seals

2. If the problem is still not corrected, refer to Systems

Operation, Testing and Adjusting, “Steering Control
Valve - Adjust”Systems Operation, Testing and
Adjusting , Steering Control Valve - Adjust for the
machine that is being serviced. Illustration 53 g03121836
Steering control valve
i04888355
(1) Locknut
(2) Adjusting screw for steering right (port A)
Steering Control Valve - Adjust (3) Locknut
(4) Adjusting screw for steering left (port B)
SMCS Code: 4307-025
Table 24
Specifications Specification
Table 23 Item Qty Part Specification Description
Steering Time Difference in Steering Time Torque to 8 ± 1 N·m (70 ± 9 lb in)
1 1 Locknut
3.2 ± 0.3 seconds 0.0 ± 0.3 seconds
3 1 Locknut Torque to 8 ± 1 N·m (70 ± 9 lb in)

Introduction
The following procedure is used to adjust:

• Steering time difference between left and right

steering
• Steering time

Note: Adjustments to the steering control valve

should only be performed after you complete the
procedure in the following reference.

Reference: For the correct procedure to check the

steering time, refer to System Operation, Testing and
Adjusting, “Steering Time - Check” for the machine
that is being serviced.
Note: Install the steering frame lock prior to making
any adjustments.
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.

Adjustment Procedure
46 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

1. Loosen locknut (1). Turn adjusting screw (2)
clockwise in order to decrease the steering time for
steering right (port A). Turn adjusting screw (2)
counterclockwise in order to increase the steering
time for steering right (port B).
2. Tighten locknut (1). Refer to Table 24 .
3. Loosen locknut (3). Turn adjusting screw (4)
clockwise in order to decrease the steering time for
steering left (port B). Turn adjusting screw (4)
counterclockwise in order to increase the steering
time for steering left (port B).
1. Move the machine to an open area away from
personnel.
2. Move the machine to a location that is smooth, and
hard.
3. Install the steering frame lock.
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.
Test Procedure

4. Tighten locknut (3). Refer to Table 24 .

5. Recheck the steering time. Refer to table 23 .

i04888351

Steering Neutralizer Valve -

Check and Adjust
SMCS Code: 4330-025; 4330-535

Personal injury or death can result from machine Illustration 54 g03014976

articulation or movement. Machine frames can (1) Steering - stop (one each side of the machine)
move and a person can be crushed.
Connect the steering frame lock between the front 1. Place a ball of putty on steering - stop (1) on each
and rear frames before working on the machine. side of the machine. Refer to Table 26 .
2. Remove the steering frame lock.
Specifications Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Table 25 Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.
Steering - stop Clearance(1)
12 ± 3 mm (0.47 ± 0.12 inch) 3. Start the engine.
(1) Clearance dimension between the front frame and the rear 4. Raise the work tool approximately 300 mm
frame when a full turn has been made.
(12 inch) above the ground.

Required Tools 5. Disengage the parking brake and release the

Table 26
service brakes.

Required Tools 6. With the engine at high idle, articulate the machine
rapidly into both stops.
Tool Item Qty Part Description
No 7. Engage the parking brake. Stop the engine.
Putty
- - 1 - 8. Lower the work tool to the ground.
19 mm (0.75 inch)

9. Install the steering frame lock.

Introduction Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
This procedure is used to check the adjustment of the Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
left side and right side steering neutralizer valves. serviced.

Test Preparation 10. Measure the thickness of the putty. Refer to Table
25 for the correct measurement.
UENR1451 47
Testing and Adjusting

11. If the clearance is not correct, the steering - stop
clearance will need to be adjusted. Continue with
“Adjustment Procedure”.
Adjustment Procedure
1. Ensure that the steering frame lock is installed.
5. Tighten locknut (7).
6. Check the steering - stop clearances. Refer to
“Required Tools”.
7. Remove the steering frame lock.
Reference: Refer to Operation and Maintenance
Manual, “Steering Frame Lock” for the machine being
serviced.

Illustration 55 g03014942
(2) Locknut
(3) Striker
(4) Steering neutralizer valve for a left turn

Illustration 56 g03014956
(5) Steering neutralizer valve for a right turn
(6) Striker
(7) Locknut

2. To adjust the steering - stop clearance for a left

turn, loosen locknut (2) on striker (3). Turn striker
(3) counter clockwise to increase the steering -
stop clearance. Turn striker (3) clockwise to
decrease steering - stop clearance.

3. Tighten locknut (3).

4. To adjust the steering - stop clearance for a right

turn, loosen locknut (7) on striker (6). Turn striker
(6) counter clockwise to increase the steering -
stop clearance. Turn striker (6) clockwise to
decrease steering - stop clearance.
48 UENR1451
Testing and Adjusting

i04888349 The following procedure can be performed in order to

adjust the steering deadband of the STIC Control to
STIC Control (Steering the preference of the operator. This procedure is not
necessary unless the current deadband in the STIC
Deadband) - Adjust Control is inconvenient for the current type of
operation.
SMCS Code: 3033-025-ZH; 4307-025
Adjustment Procedure
Specifications
1. Loosen the fittings at the end of capsules (4).

2. Loosen bolt (2) that is holding bracket (3).

3. Slide bracket (3) upward past the hex surface.

4. Adjust capsules (4) to the preference of the

operator.

5. Slide bracket (3) over the hex surface on both

capsules.

6. Tighten bolt (2) in order to hold bracket (3) in place.

7. Tighten the fittings at the end of capsules (4).

8. Test the steering deadband of the pilot valve.

9. If the adjustments are not satisfactory, repeat Step

1 through Step 8 until the steering deadband is
satisfactory.

Illustration 57 g03075156
(1) Pilot valve (STIC steering)
(2) Bolt
(3) Bracket
(4) Capsules

Correct adjustment of bracket (3) ensures the proper

torquing of capsules (4).

Introduction
The steering deadband refers to the amount of
physical movement of the STIC Control that can
occur before the hydraulic system is actuated.
UENR1451 49
Index Section

Index
C Specifications............................................... 36
Test Preparation........................................... 37
Control Valve (STIC Steering) ......................... 20
Test Procedure............................................. 37
HOLD Position ............................................. 20
LEFT Turn Position ...................................... 23
RIGHT Turn Position.................................... 21 S
Secondary Steering System............................ 25
D Solenoid Valve (Implement and Steering) ....... 13
Steering Control Valve - Adjust........................ 45
Diverter Valve (Secondary Steering) ............... 28
Adjustment Procedure ................................. 45
Diverter Valve (Steering Release) ................... 30
Introduction .................................................. 45
Specifications............................................... 45
G Steering Neutralizer Valve - Check and
Adjust............................................................. 46
Gear Pump (Secondary Steering) ................... 27
Adjustment Procedure ................................. 47
General Information........................................... 4
Introduction .................................................. 46
Required Tools ............................................. 46
I Specifications............................................... 46
Test Preparation........................................... 46
Important Safety Information ............................. 2 Test Procedure............................................. 46
Steering System (High Pressure Oil Circuit).... 18
M Steering System (Pilot Oil)................................. 9
Steering System Pressure - Test and Adjust ... 42
Machine Preparation for Troubleshooting ....... 31 Adjustment Procedure ................................. 44
Introduction .................................................. 42
N Required Tools ............................................. 42
Specifications............................................... 42
Neutralizer Valve (STIC Steering).................... 16 Test Preparation........................................... 43
Test Procedure............................................. 43
Steering System Troubleshooting ................... 32
P
Steering Time - Check ..................................... 44
Pilot Valve (STIC Steering).............................. 14 Adjustment Procedure ................................. 45
Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot Oil)................. 13 Introduction .................................................. 44
Pressure Reducing Valve (Pilot Oil) - Test Required Tools ............................................. 44
and Adjust...................................................... 40 Specifications............................................... 44
Adjustment Procedure ................................. 41 Test Preparation........................................... 44
Introduction .................................................. 40 Test Procedure............................................. 44
Required Tools ............................................. 41 STIC Control (Steering Deadband) - Adjust .... 48
Specification................................................. 40 Adjustment Procedure ................................. 48
Test Preparation........................................... 41 Introduction .................................................. 48
Test Procedure............................................. 41 Specifications............................................... 48
Pump Flow - Test (Implement, Steering, System Pressure - Release............................. 35
Pilot, and Braking).......................................... 37 Systems Operation Section............................... 4
Introduction .................................................. 38
Specifications............................................... 38
Test Preparation........................................... 39 T
Test Procedure............................................. 39 Table of Contents............................................... 3
Pump Flow - Test (Secondary Steering).......... 35 Testing and Adjusting ...................................... 35
Introduction .................................................. 36
50 UENR1451
Index Section

Testing and Adjusting Section ......................... 31

Troubleshooting............................................... 31

V
Vane Pump (Implement, Steering, Pilot and
Braking) ......................................................... 10
Operation of the Implement Vane Pump and
the Steering Vane Pump ............................ 12
Operation of the Pilot and Braking Vane Pump
................................................................... 12
Visual Inspection ............................................. 31
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