SURFACE EVAPORATION

AIM: To determine the constant characteristics equation for surface evaporation.

APPARATUS: surface evaporation set up, temperature indicator.

THEORY:
The object of evaporation is to concentrate the solution. The evaporation is characterised
by equation,

dw / (A.dt) = (α + βw) × (Pag - Paj)n

dw / (A.dt) = α × (Pag - Paj)n + βw × (Pag - Paj)n

Under still air condition the 2nd term of above equation is neglected. Taking log of both
sides we get,
ln dw / (A.dt) = ln α + n ln (Pag - Paj)
This is of the form,
y = mx + c
where dw = weight of water evaporated in second
A = surface area available in m3
Pag = partial pressure of H2O in N / m2
Paj = partial pressure of H2O in ambient temperature
Thus, on plotting a graph of ln (dw/A.dt) Vs ln P where, P = (Pag - Paj)
We get straight line with slope ‘n’ & intercept of ln α
PROCEDURE:
Fill the beaker with H2O. Weight it on balance. Insert thermometer in it & note
surface temperatures of H2O. Maintain temperature of H2O constant at suitable value
Note down time required for the evaporation of 1 gm of H2O at that constant temperature.
Repeat the experiment for different temperatures & humidity.

NATURE OF GRAPH:
ln (dw / A.dt) v/s ln (Pag - Paj)

RESULT:
The values of constants are as follows,
1) n = ………
2) α = ………………Kg / m2.sec
OBSERVATIONS:
1) Ambient temperature (T) =
2) Pag at ambient temperature = N / m2
3) Diameter of vessel = 10 cm = 0.1 m
4) Area of vessel = Π × D2 / 4 =

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Sr. Wt. of H2O Time Tr in Pag in P = Pag - Paj ln P ln dw / A.dt

0
No. evaporated in in sec C N / m2
gm
1
2

CALCULATIONS:

1) a) From Antione equation the constant between temperature ranges ………0C

to………0C.are

A= B= C=
Antione equation is,

log10 Pag = A – [B / (T + C)]

=
 Pag = ……………N / m2

P = Pag – Paj =

P = ……………N / m2

dw / A.dt = =……………………..

ln (dw / A.dt) =…………………..Kg / m2.sec

From graph,

ln α = y intercept =

α = ………………Kg / m2.sec

From graph,

Slope of line = n = ………….