Vaidarbhiya Ashtavinayakby Pavan Mandavkar C5 Size

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Vaidarbhiya Ashtavinayak (Marathi)
Book · September 2015
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1 author:
Pavan Mandavkar
Indira Mahavidyalaya, Kalamb, Dist Yavatmal affiliated to SGB Amravati University (India)
36 PUBLICATIONS 7 CITATIONS
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ISBN 978-81-925945-6-9
‘kkluekU; ;knhrhy Øekad 146@2015
fonHkkZrhy v"Vfouk;dkapk FkksMD;kr

ifjp; d:u ns.kkjk la'kks/kuij xzaFk
oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;d
MkW- iou ekaModj
MkW- HkkÅ ekaModj la’kks/ku dsanz
bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac
ft- ;orekG 445401
Hkze.k/ouh 9422867658
e mail : marathipradhyapak@gmail.com
¼;k iqLrdkr ladyu dsysY;k fdaok izdkf'kr etdqjkr dkgh

fBdk.kh rQkor vk<Gw 'kdrs- iq<hy vko`RrhlkBh vf/kdph
ekfgrh] lwpuk] cny] r`Vh ;kalanHkkZr HkDrkauh] vH;kldkauh
dGokos] gh fouarh-½
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֠ ISBN 978-81-925945-6-9
֠ ‘kkluekU; ;knhrhy Øekad 146@2015
֠ oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;d
(Vaidarbhiya Astavinayaka)
֠  izkpk;Z MkW- iou ekaModj
 (Principal Dr. Pavan Mandavkar)
֠ ys[kd & laidZ % 9422867658
֠ izdk’ku Ø- 10
֠ izFkeko`Rrh izrh 1000 ֠ vkdkj ØkÅu
֠ eq[ki`“B Qksj dyj ֠ i`“Bla[;k 116
֠ izFkeko`Rrh 17 lIVsacj] 2015 ¼Jhx.ks'k prqFkhZ½
¼Hkknzin 'kq) prqFkhZ½
֠ lax.kd@eq[ki`“B
MkW- iou ekaModj
֠ izdk’kd@eqnzd@forjd
MkW- HkkÅ ekaModj la'kks/ku dsanz
bafnjk egkfo|ky;] dGac]
ft- ;orekG 445 401
e mail : marathipradhyapak@gmail.com
Hkze.k/ouh 9422867658] 9403014885
֠ lg;ksxh forjd
lsok izdk’ku
fot; dkWyuh] #fDe.kh uxj] vejkorh 444 606
֠ ewY; 150 #i;s
वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 2

nksu 'kCn
izkphu osndkykiklwu vkti;Zar Jh x.ks'k Lo:ikr
cny gksr xsyk vkgs- dkgh nSors dkGkP;k vks?kkr u"V
>kyh rj dkgh mé;u Lo:ikr yksdfiz; >kyh- banz vkf.k
o#.k gh nSors osndkykr yksdekulkr #tyh gksrh( ijarq
R;kaP;k mikluk] Lrks=s] oSfnd _pk] gouknh fo/kh ;k
lokZa}kjs ,sfgd thoukr laiérk ekx.;kph izo`Rrh dkGkP;k
vks?kkr deh >kyh- JhÑ".kkus itZU;klkBh banziwtk dj.;kph
ijaijk xksdqGkr eksMyh vkf.k xkso/kZukph iwtk vkjafHkyh
gksrh] banzkpk jks"k vks<owu ?ksryk gksrk] rlsp cny iq<sgh gksr
xsys vlkosr- ^fo".kw* gh nsork osndkykr egRRokph uOgrh-
iq<s frps mé;u gksÅu rh ^fo'oikyudrhZ* nsork >kyh-
^#nz* gh nsork oSfnd dkGkr egRRokph gksrh- frps Lo:i
cnywu iq<s f'ko&egknsokr rs fnlw ykxys- jkSnz Lo:ikrhy
vl.kkÚ;k 'kuhph vkf.k guqekukph iwtk vkf.k iq<s ;{knsork]
j{k.kdrsZ Eg.kwu gksÅ ykxyh- uarj Jh guqeku] Jh x.ks'k
;kaps iwtu vf/kd izek.kkr gksr xsys vlkos- vusd
,sfrgkfld] iqjkru xkokaP;k os'khoj ;k nksUgh nsorkaph eafnjs
vFkok ewR;kZ igkjsdÚ;kizek.ks vktgh fnlrkr-
pkSnk fo|k vkf.k pkSl"V dykaph vf/k"Bk=h nsork
Jh x.ks'k gs loZekU; vls nSor vkgs- fofo/k tkrh] /keZ] iaFk
ladVfuokjd Jh x.ks'kkyk iwtrkr] ekurkr- dqBY;kgh
dk;kZph lq#okr fdaok uofufeZrh Jh x.ks'k iwtukus gksrs-
;orekG ftYákrhy dGac gh deZHkweh vlY;kus o
fpfdRld n`"Vh vlY;kus eh cjhp o"ksZ v/;;u d:u ^Jh
{ks= fparke.kh dGac* gs iqLrd 2010 e/;s izdkf'kr dsys-
R;krwup iq<s vusd HkDr] b"Vfe= o vH;kldkauh oSnHkhZ;
v"Vfouk;dkaoj fyfg.;kl lqpfoys- la'kks/kuij fy[kk.kkph
vkoM] Jh x.ks'kkoj J)k] vkoMrk vkf.k dqrwgykpk gk
fo"k; vlY;kus xsY;k fdrhrjh o"kkZaiklwu tks ladYi dsyk
gksrk] rks ;k iqLrdkP;k :ikus iw.kZRokl tkr vkgs] ;kr
vkuan vkgs- ek= gs fy[kk.k ijes'ojkusp ekÖ;kdMwu djowu
?ksrys] eh fufeRrek= vkgs] gs uezi.ks uewn djrks- T;kus loZ
l`"Vh fuekZ.k dsyh] R;kP;kojp Hkk"; dj.;kph vkiyh rh
fc'kkn dk;\
egkjk"Vªkrhy v"Vfouk;dkalaca/kh vkrk eksBîkk
izek.kkoj izfl)h >kyh vkgs- xk.kiR; laiznk;kfo"k;h ekfgrh
vl.kkÚ;k vk/;kfRed fparuij ^Jheqn~xyiqjk.k* ;k xzaFkkr
loZizFke v"Vfouk;dkaph ladYiuk vk<Grs- ;k iqjk.kkr 9
[kaM vlwu R;kiSdh 8 [kaMkae/;s Jh oØrqaM] Jh ,dnar] Jh
egksnj] Jh xtkuu] Jh yacksnj] Jh fodV] Jh fo?ujkt] Jh
/kwezo.kZ v'kk vkB x.ks'kkorkj o yhyk o.kZu dsY;k vkgsr-
vkB [kaMkr eRljklqj] eksgklqj] enklqj] yksHkklqj] Øks/kklqj]
dkeklqj] eeklqj] vgadkjklqj vls vkB vlqj vlwu R;kaP;k
fouk'kklkBh gs ^v"Vfouk;d* izxVys vkgsr- lkgftdp gs
ekuoh fodkj vlwu R;kauk fu;a=.kkr vk.k.;kdfjrk
v"Vfouk;dkaP;k miklusps egRRo t.kw ekaMys xsys vkgs-
;k iqjk.kkr uewn v"Vfouk;d gs HkkjrkP;k vkB
fn'kkauk LFkkfir vkgsr- vkBgh fn'kkauh t.kw rs vkiys j{k.k
djrkr- psébZe/;s Jh oØrqaM] dkyMhtoG Jh ,dnar]
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dk'ehje/;s 'kadjkpk;kZaP;k VsdMhtoG JhfodV] fgeky;kr
T;ksfreZBktoG Jh fo?ujkt] frcsVph jkt/kkuh YgklktoG
Jh /kwezo.kZ vls v"Vfouk;dkaps o.kZu vk<Grs-
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dsanzfcanw egkjk"Vªkrhy iq.;ktoGps e;qjs'oj Eg.ktsp Jh {ks=
eksjxko gks;- ;k eksjs'ojkps n'kZu ?ksrkukp Jh leFkZ
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nq%[kgrkZ okrkZ fo?ukph* gh vkjrh lqpyh-
;k laiw.kZ HkkjrHkj iljysY;k Jh{ks=kaph ;k=k lksih
ukgh- rsOgk e;qjs'ojkyk dsanz djhr R;kP;k vkliklP;k vkB
LFkkukauk iq<s v"Vfouk;dRo izkIr >kys- HkDrh vkf.k J)k
rksyrk ;sr ulrs- R;keqGs vkiY;k eukrhy bPNk fdaok
J)syk ijes'ojki;Zar ikspfo.;klkBh vkokD;kr ulysY;k
ekxkZpkp voyac dsyk ikfgts vls ukgh- rsOgk is'kO;kaP;k
dkGkr egkjk"Vªkrhy v"Vfouk;dkauk egRRo izkIr >kys- Jh
eksjxko] Jh jkat.kxko] Jh FksÅj] Jh ys.;knzh] Jh fl)Vsd
ák iaps'ojkauh feGwu Jh eksjxko {ks= fufeZys- Jh jkat.kxkoh
Jh 'kadj] Jh {ks= FksÅjyk Jh czãkth] ys.;knzhl vkfn'kDrh
ikoZrh rFkk fl)Vsdyk Jhgjh LFkkfir Jh x.ks'k vkgsr-
moZfjr Jh x.ks'k ckyHkDr cYykG ;kauh LFkkiu dsysyk
ikyhpk cYykGs'oj] vfHkftr jktkfufeZr vks>jpk Jh
fo?usgj] is'kO;kaps ljnkj jketh egknso fcokydjfufeZr jktk
#Dekan ;kP;k Le`frfizR;FkZ egkMpk Jh ojnfouk;d ;k
LFkkukaP;k ekU;rsekxs ;k=sdfjrk lks;hph n`"Vh vlkoh-
egkjk"Vªkr tls v"Vfouk;d izfl)hl vkys rls ex
FkksMîkkQkj izek.kkr fonHkkZrgh v"Vfouk;dkaph ladYiuk
vkyh- ukxiwjps vH;kld izk- ckGklkgsc inokMkauh ûkxiwj
ijx.;krhy v"Vfouk;d* gs iqLrd Qkj iwohZ fyfgys gksrs-
R;kr R;kauh fofo/k lanHkZ 'kks/kwu izFker% ák v"V
x.ks'kLFkkukaph ,sfrgkfld] ikSjkf.kd n`"Vhus fo"k; ekaM.kh
dsyh gksrh- vknk';kps Jh- n-x- xksMls ;kauh fonHkZ lkfgR;
la?kkP;k 1990P;k vdksyk ;sFkhy ifj"knsr v/;{kh;
Hkk"k.kkr ^fonHkkZrhy v"V x.ks'k vkorZ* ;k fo"k;koj fopkj
ekaMys- Fkksj vH;kld] la'kks/kd vkf.k lOok'ks iqLrds
fyfg.kkjs fonHkkZrhy ifgys lkfgfR;d fnoaxr MkW- HkkÅ
ekaModj ;kauh vkiY;k la'kks/kuij LQqV ys[kukrwu ;k
fo"k;kyk Li'kZ dsyk gksrk- izkphu Hkkjrh; bfrgkl o
laLÑrhps vH;kld Jhikn ds'ko fprGs ;kauh ^fonHkkZrhy
v"Vx.ks'kLFkkus* 'kh"kZdk[kkyh iqLrd fygwu Qkj eksBh Hkj
?kkryh vkgs-
iwoZ fonHkkZP;k vkB fn'kkauk vlysY;k ;k oSnHkhZ;
v"Vfouk;dkauk dehvf/kd izek.kkr lqekjs 1500 o"kkZapk
bfrgkl vkgs- ;k ewrhZ dsoG izkphure vkgsr] vls ukgh rj
ukx laLÑrh] ckS) o tSu /kekZP;k lkaLÑfrd eaFkukrwu R;k
?kMY;k vkgsr- fonHkkZyk lqekjs 1000 o"kkZapk egk'e
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yksdkaps la?kjkT; mn;kyk vkys- iq<s gs ukx ckS) o uarj
tSu /kekZps vuq;k;h cuys- R;keqGs fonHkkZrhy v"Vfouk;dkar
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gh loZ x.ks'kLFkkus iwoZ fonHkkZrhy ;orekG] o/kkZ]
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egkjk"Vªkrhy v"Vfouk;dkaP;k lanHkkZr tls Jhear is'kO;kaP;k
vf/kiR;k[kkyhy izns'kkpk vkf.k R;kaP;k loZ lks;hlqfo/kk
rlsp izkarkrhy HkDrkaP;k vkokD;kP;k fg'kksckus fopkj >kyk
vlkok] R;kpizek.ks ;sFks HkkslY;kaP;k jkT;kpk fopkj dsyk
xsyk vlkok- ukxiwjyk e/;orhZ ekuwu vkliklph vkB
egRRoiw.kZ v'kh x.ks'kLFkkus ;ksftyh xsyh vlkoh- ek= gh
LFkkus izkphu vkf.k tkx`r nsoLFkkus vlwu izR;sd eafnjkpk
osxGk bfrgkl vkgs- R;keqGs ;k v"Vfouk;dkauk ukdkj.;kps
dkgh dkj.k ukgh- cgqrsd x.ks'kLFkkukaps mYys[k fofo/k izkphu
xzaFkkae/;s vkysys vkgsr- vkt iwoZ fonHkkZr gh v"Vx.ks'kLFkkus
fnlrkr] m|k if'pe fonHkkZrgh r'kh LFkkus fu;ksftyh
tkrhy] ijok ejkBokMîkkr- dks.krh LFkkus ;knhr ;srkr]
;kis{kk HkfDrHkko] J)k ;kauk egRRo nsÅu Jh x.ks'kkps iwtu
gksr jkghy o vktP;k ;qxkr vko';d vl.kkjs laLdkjh
okrkoj.k R;k fufeRrkus fuekZ.k gksbZy] gs [kjs xjtsps!
& iou ekaModj

izkpk;Z] bafnjk egkfo|ky;] Jh {ks= fparke.kh dGac
֠֠֠

vuqØef.kdk
nksu 'kCn 3
x.kirh ckIik eksj;k 9
leFkZ jkenkl Lokehjfpr Jh x.ks'kkph vkjrh 17
Jh 'keh fo?us'k] vknklk 18
Jh v"Vkn'kHkqt x.ks'k] jkeVsd 28
Jh Hk`'kaqM x.ks'k] esa<k 35
Jh iapkuu] iouh @ Jh loZrksHknz] iouh 42
Jh ojnfouk;d] xojkGk] Hknzkorh 49
Jh fparke.kh] dGac 64
Jh flf)fouk;d] dsG>j @ Jh ,dpØk x.ks'k 95
Jh VsdMh x.ks'k] ukxiwj 103
v"Vfouk;dkph ;k=k d'kh djkoh\ 110
oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;d udk'kk 115
lanHkZ xzaFk @ fu;rkfyds @ o`Rri=s 116

x.kirh ckIik eksj;k!
Jhx.ks'kkP;k ukeLej.kkus vki.k dks.kR;kgh pkaxY;k
dkekph l#okr djrks- fo|k vkf.k cq)hph nsork Eg.kwu
vksG[kyk tk.kkjk x.kirh gk pkSnk fo|k vkf.k pkSl"V dykapk
vf/kirh vkgs- pkj osn] lgk 'kkL=s vkf.k vBjk iqjk.ks gh
x.kjk;kph :is vkgsr-
f'kokps lsod ts x.k] R;kapk vf/kirh rks x.ks'k-
x.kkapk bZ'k ^x.ks'k* rlk xq.kkapk bZ'k ^xq.ks'k*- Hkkjrkr
x.kirhph mikluk izkphu dkGkiklwu dsyh tkrs- vjch leqnzkr
e/;arjh 13000 o"kkZaiwohZph Jh x.ks'kkph ewrhZ vk<Gyh-
jkek;.k] egkHkkjr dkGkiklwlu Jh x.ks'kkps lanHkZ vk<Grkr-
nq"Vkapk lagkj dj.;klkBh x.kkapk vf/kuk;d vkf.k lsukirh
vlysY;k x.kirhus osxosxGîkk :ikar vorkj ?ksrys- tsOgk
okbVkps izkcY; ok<rs] rsOgk rsOgk pkaxY;kdfjrk ijes'oj
vorkj ?ksrkr vls EgVys tkrs- <dkj x.kirhpsp :i vkgs-
xq.kkapk nso x.kirh gk xk.kkjk] u`R; dj.kkjk]
jktdkj.kiVw] txkrhy ifgyk ys[kfud fdaok y?kqys[kd] vkf.k
xfuehdkO;kpk tudgh ekuyk tkrks- O;klkauh lkafxrysys
egkHkkjr x.ks'kkusp fygwu dk<ys- txkrhy ifgys L=h lSU;
x.kirhus fuekZ.k dsys-
Hkknzin 'kq) prqFkhZl êgkfl)h fouk;dh* Eg.krkr-
Jh x.ks'kkP;k ;k tUefnolkiklwu x.kirh mRlo loZ= lktjk
gksrks- Jhx.ks'kkpk vkf.k 'ksrhP;k gaxkekpk laca/k izkphu
dkGkiklwu yko.;kr vkyk vlkok- gs fnol isj.kh
vkVksiY;kuarjps fnol vlrkr- ihd pkaxys ;kos] Eg.kwu
fo?ugR;kZyk lkdMs ?kkrys tkrs- vxnh iwohZiklwu Jh x.ks'kkyk
/ku/kkU;kP;k lqxhph nsork ekuys xsys vkgs- R;keqGs ukaxjkP;k
QkGkps izrhd vlysyk lqGk ¼lksaMslg½] /kkU;dksBkjkizek.ks iksV]
ik;k[kkyh nkcwu Bsoysyk fidkapk ?kkr dj.kkjk manhj vls frps
:i fnlrs- iq<s Hkkjrh; lektkl LFkS;Z izkIr >kY;kus
cqf)iz/kkurk ok<yh- x.ks'keLrdkl cq)hps dksBkj EgVys xsys-
lksaMsps oG.k vksadkjLo:i ekuys xsys- rqVysY;k nkrkcíyph
dgk.kh v'kh lkafxryh tkrs dh egkHkkjr fyfgrkuk tsOgk
x.ks'kkph ys[k.kh vpkud eksMyh rsOgk osnO;klkaph lek/kh Hkax
gksÅ u;s] Eg.kwu R;kus vkiyk lqGk eksMwu R;kph ys[k.kh dsyh
vkf.k ys[ku lq: Bsoys-
vki.k ^x.kirh ckIik eksj;k* Eg.krks- êksj;k* Eg.kts
ueLdkj- ^x.kjk;k rqyk ueLdkj* vls Eg.kwu vki.k ureLrd
gksrks- vkiY;krys nks"k] nqxZq.k] okbZV rs loZ fu?kwu tkos ;k
Hkkousrwu yhu gksrks- yksdekU; fVGdkaP;k izsj.ksus rj
egkjk"Vªkrp uOgs rj Hkkjrkr lkoZtfud x.ks'k LFkkiuk vkjaHk
>kyh vkf.k rsOgkiklwu x.ks'kkps] v"Vfouk;dkaps egRRogh
ok<r xsys-
Jh x.ks'kkps f'kj ts gRrhps vkgs] ;kckcr ,d dFkk
lkafxryh tkrs- ikoZrhus Lukukl tkrkuk dks.kh ;sÅ u;s] Eg.kwu
Lor%P;k 'kjhjkP;k eGkiklwu ,dk ckydkph ewrhZ r;kj dsyh-
R;kr izk.k lapkj ?kMfoys vkf.k ^dq.kkykgh bdMs ;sÅ nsÅ
udksl* Eg.kwu vkKk fnyh- lk{kkr ikoZrh irh 'kadj vkys
vkf.k vkr f'k: ykxrkp vksG[k ulY;kus R;k ckydkus
R;kauk vMfoys- 'kadj Øksf/kr >kys vkf.k R;k ckydkps f'kj
R;kauh mMfoys- ikoZrh vkY;koj fryk gs letrkp rh
vfrnq%[kh >kyh- 'kadjkauh ;koj mik; ;kstyk- ikoZrhyk larq"V
dj.;klkBh ik"kZnkyk taxykr ikBfoys vkf.k tks ifgyk izk.kh
fnlsy R;kps eLrd vk.kwu rs ;k ckydkl tksM.;kl
lkafxrys-
ik"kZnkyk izFker% gRrh fnlyk vkf.k R;kps eLrd
R;kus vk.kys- Jh 'kadjkauh rs eLrd ckydkP;k ekusoj
clfoys- gs ckyd Eg.ktsp Jh x.ks'k-
Jh x.ks'kkps :i vR;ar eksgd vlrs- R;krwu vusd
cks/kizn xks"Vh izrhr gksrkr- x.kirhps eLrd gRrhlkj[ks vlwu
R;kpk Hkkyizns'k fo'kky vlY;kus Jh x.ks'k fo'kky cq)hpk
vlY;kps y{kkr ;srs- Eg.kwup i`Fohiznf{k.ksP;k 'k;ZrhP;k osGh
x.kirhus Lor%pk ca/kw dkfrZds; ;kP;koj Lor%P;k ekrsyk
iznf{k.kk ?kkywu cq)hus ekr dsyh o i`Fohiznf{k.ksps iq.;
feGfoys- Kkukps dksBkj 'kksHkkos rls gs fo'kky eLrd-
lksaM gs 'kDrhps izrhd vkgs- nq"Vkaps funkZyu vkf.k
lq"Vkaps j{k.k R;krwu izrhr gksrs- lksaMsps oG.k vksadkj:i ekuys
tkrs-
dku lqiklkj[ks vkgsr- lwi gs QksyiVs] dksaMk Qsdwu
nsÅu QDr LoPN /kkU; lqikr Bsors- /kkU; Hkq'kkP;k vkoj.kkr
vlrs] R;kizek.ks czã gs tho:ikr ek;s'kh ,d:i vlwu
eykoj.kkps R;koj vkPNknu vlrs- gs vkoj.k ,o<s izxk<
vlrs dh R;krwu pSrU;kpk vkHkkl feGr ukgh- v'kk
voLFksrwu 'kwiZd.kZ x.ks'kkph mikluk dsyh vlrk] rs ek;sps
vkoj.k nwj gksrs- x.kirh vkiY;kyk t.kw gsp lkaxr vkgs dh
^lokZaps ,sdk i.k pkaxY;k xks"Vh Bsok] okbVkpk R;kx djk-*
d.kZ gs 'kjhjkrhy eq[; Kkusafnz; vkgsr- Eg.kwup eksBs dku
vlysys ckG cf?krys rj ^rs cqf)eku gksbZy*] vls Hkkfdr
dsys tkrs- jktkyk tuekulkr vkiY;kcíy dk; ppkZ lq:
vkgs] gs tk.k.;klkBh lqikizek.ks eksBs dku vkf.k ladVkph
pkgwy gqaxrk ;koh] Eg.kwu eksBs ukd Eg.kts lksaM vlsgh ekuys
tkrs-
/kwrZ vkf.k prqjrsps izrhd x.kirhps MksGs ckjhd vkf.k
Hksnd vkgsr- rlsp ckjhd fujh{k.k dj.;kps R;kps dk;Z- Kkuh
O;Drhaps fujh{k.kgh ckjhd vlrs vkf.k vusd NksVîkk xks"Vharwu
eksBk vFkZ rs dk<w 'kdrkr- izR;sdkph egkurk fnl.ks] gk
us=kpk [kjk xq.k gks;-
x.kirhyk nksu lqGs vlrkr- ,d iw.kZ o nqljk
rqVysyk v/kkZ- R;kyk ,dk lqGîkkeqGs ^,dnUr* vlsgh
Eg.krkr- ^,d* gk 'kCn ek;spk okpd vlwu ^nUr* 'kCn
lRrk/kkjd] ek;kpkyd ijczãkpk okpd vkgs- ;ko:u x.kirh
l`"VhlkBh ek;syk izsj.kk ns.kkjk vkf.k leLr lRrspk vk/kkjHkwr
v'kk ijczãkps vfHkO;Dr :i vkgs] gs dGrs- ljG ekxkZus
tk.kkÚ;kauk dq.kh dkgh dsys rjh pkysy] vls letwu =kl
nsr vlsy rj R;kaP;klkBh gkuh u djrk dsoG Hkhrh
nk[ko.;klkBh gk nkr vkgs-
x.kirhps iksV fo'kky vkgs] Eg.kwu R;kyk yacksnj
Eg.krkr- i.k gs iksV ?kkxjiksV ukgh] rj lkxjiksV vkgs- lkxjkr
t'kk vusd u|k vkiyk izokg felGrkr] r'kk yksdkaP;k
vusd xks"Vh] vusd vijk/k gk x.kirh iksVkr ?ksrks- dq.kh
eukrys dkgh lkafxrys rj rs ;k iksVkrp Bsok;ps] frlÚ;k
O;DrhdMs tkÅ |k;ps ukgh- fuank&Lrqrh] t;&ijkt;]
mPp&uhp v'kk vusd ifjfLFkrh ;k i`Fohlkj[;k iksVkr
lkekowu ?ksrY;k tkrkr] Eg.kwu gk êgksnj* fdaok ^yacksnj*-
ik; ek= ygku vl.;kps dkj.k vki.k dqBysgh dke
djrkuk mrkohG gksÅ u;s- iw.kZ fopkj d:u ik; mpykos]
llk dklokP;k 'k;Zrhr dklogh ftadw 'kdrks] gs R;krwu
dGrs-
dkekpk mjd vlkok Eg.kwu x.kkapk jktk x.kirh pkj
gkrkapk- ;q)tU; vL='kL= o lqcRrspk eksnd gs nksUgh ;k
jktkP;k gkrkr vlrkr- pkj gkrkaiSdh x.kirhP;k ,dk gkrkr
vadq'k] nqlÚ;k gkrkr ik'k] frlÚ;kr eksnd rj pkSF;k gkrkus
rks vk'khokZn nsr vkgs- vadq'k fo'okps fu;a=.k djrks-
oklukaoj la;ekph xjt lqpforks- vklqjh laLdkj
feVfo.;klkBh Kku:ih ij'kw T;kP;ktoG vkgs] rks
vk/;kfRed ;ks)kp [kjk Kkuh Bjrks- xjt iMyh rj f'k{kk
dj.;kps lkeF;Z gk ij'kw nk[kforks- ik'k eksg nwj djrks- rks
nSfgd ca/kukps izrhd vkgs- Kku:ih ij'kwus rks gh ca/kus dkiwu
Vkdrks- Lor%yk rks fnO; ca/kukae/;s cka/kwu ?ksrks] Eg.kwu ik'k
fdaok nksjh gs izrhd nk[koys tkrs- ijrkRE;kcjkscjps gs ca/ku
fuLlhe izsekps] fujfr'k; lq[kkps vlrs- eksnd Eg.kts larks"k
vkf.k vk'khokZn] Eg.kts lnSo ikBh'kh vl.;kph ladYiuk-
rlsp ;k pkj gkrkaiSdh rhu LoxZ] e`R;w] ikrkG ;karhy vuqØes
nso] ekuo] ukx ;kaps j{k.k djrkr- pkSFkk gkr dsoG HkDrkaP;k
dY;k.kklkBh jk[kwu Bsoysyk vlrks- R;kyk ojngLr Eg.krkr-
'kadjkps okgu uanh] fo".kwps x#M rj x.kirhps okgu
manhj vkgs- dks.krhgh oLrw dqjrM.kkjk manhj Eg.kts dks.kR;kgh
xks"Vhps fo'ys"k.k&fo?kVu dj.;kph dyk- dqBY;kgh xks"VhP;k
eqGk'kh tk.ks] Kku feGfo.ks vkf.k lUekxkZus thoukps lkFkZd
dj.ks] gh f'kdo.k t.kw ;k okguk}kjs feGrs- xoZ ulkok Eg.kwu
gs NksVsls okgu ew"kd v'khgh ekU;rk vkgs-
,danjhr dk;] x.kkapk jktk rks x.kirh- jktk dlk
vlkok] rj rks loZxq.klaié vlkok- izpaM eLrd Eg.kts izpaM
Kkuh] izpaM iksV Eg.kts lqcRrsus ifjiw.kZ] us=] ukfldk]
'kL=;qDr gLr Eg.kts Hksnd o rh{.k utj] nwjn`"Vh]
le;lwpdrk] lko/kkurk] eksBs d.kZiVy brj= dk; lq: vkgs]
gs tk.kwu ?ks.;kph 'kDrh vkf.k eLrd] lksaM ;karwu tk.ko.kkjs
vksadkjLo:i] ik;k[kkypk manhj Eg.kts Fkkacoko;kph uklkMh-
Jh x.ks'kiwtukr i;kZoj.k vkf.k LokLF;kpk fopkj
djrk 21 ouLirhapk okij dsyk tkrks-
lokZauk Hkko.kkjk vlk gk x.kirh- ;k lanHkkZr [kwi
dFkk vkgsr- Hkjiwj ekfgrh loZ= vk<Grs- vkgs- J)k vlkoh(
ijarq rh MksGl J)k- Hkkjrkrhy 21 x.ks'kkaps n'kZukl tk.ks
[kwip dBh.k- vki.k Hkkjrkrhy v"Vfouk;dgh tj d: 'kdr
ukgh] rj egkjk"Vªkrhy] fonHkkZrhy fdaok vkiY;k ifjljkrhygh
d: 'kdrks- iq"dGkauk dqBs izoklkyk tk.ks 'kD; gksr ukgh]
rsOgk R;kauk vkiY;k ?kjh x.kirh vk.kkok vls okVrs- R;kps
vusd fu;e lkafxrys tkrkr] fo/kh lkafxrys tkrkr- rs vo';
ikGk( ijarq tj ,[kknh pwd >kyh fdaok ,[kknh xks"V ikGrk
vkyh ukgh] rj eukyk ykowu ?ksÅ udk- ijes'oj vkiyk
firk- rks pwd >kyh Eg.kwu f'k{kk dj.kkj ukgh- njo"khZ
x.ks'kewrhZ iwohZis{kk eksBh vk.kkoh] gk ,d xSjlet vkgs- eksBh
ewrhZ vk.kyh rj iq.; vf/kd vls let d:u ?ksÅ u;s- myV
ewrhZ ygku vlY;kl dkGth pkaxyh ?ksrk ;srs-
mtO;k lksaMspk x.kirh dMd vls letrkr- vls
dkgh ulrs- vkiyk gkr dks.kR;k fn'ksus Bsok;pk] gs vki.k
Bjorks] rls x.kirhus lksaM dq.khdMs oGokoh] gk vf/kdkj
R;kyk ulkok dk\ ewrhZps fujh{k.k djrk vls fnlrs dh
x.ks'kkP;k MkO;k gkrkr eksnd] mtok gkr vk'khokZn ns.kkjk]
Eg.kwu lglk lksaM MkohdMs vlrs( i.k ,[kk|k ewrhZdkjkus
mtO;k lksaMsph x.ks'kewrhZ r;kj dsyh vlsy rj rh dMd
vkf.k MkO;k lksaMsP;k x.kirh lkSE; vlk fopkj eukrwu dk<wu
Vkdk- iq"dGnk x.ks'kewrhZps iwtu >kY;koj R;k ewrhZyk rMk
xsY;kps fnlwu ;srs- vls gks.ks okbZV letw u;s- vki.k lqanj ?kj
cka/krks] R;k ?kjkykgh okrkoj.kkeqGs rMs tkrkrp- rhi.k
okLrwnsorkp vlrs uk\ rlsp gokekukr gks.kkÚ;k cnykaeqGs
fdaok iwtukr ik.;kpk okij FkksMk vf/kd >kY;kus vls rMs
ewrhZykgh tkÅ 'kdrkr- R;koj foltZu gkp loksZRre mik;
vkgs- ek= laqnj fnlrs Eg.kwu foltZukph ewrhZ IykLVj vkWQ
iWjhl fdaok ik.;kr u foj?kG.kkjh vk.kw udk- 'kkMw fdaok
fpd.kekrhph ewrhZ Qkj pkaxyh- i;kZoj.kkykgh mRre-
'kkL=kuqlkj ?kjkrhy x.ks'kewrhZ ikVkoj cloyh tkrs-
ikVkP;k [kkyP;k iksdGhr x.ks'krRRokP;k ygjh ,df=r gksrkr
rlsp ewrhZHkksorh e[kj vlY;kl R;kr x.ks'kewrhZrhy nsoRo
lkBoys tkrs] vls Eg.krkr- e[kjkdfjrk FkekZdksy gk
i;kZoj.kklkBh ?kkrd ?kVd vkgs- rsOgk lkfRRodrsps izrhd
vlysY;k dsGhP;k [kksMkpk okij djkok-
vls Eg.krkr dh fouk'kdkjd] reiz/kku ;eygjh
i`Fohoj vk"kk< ikSf.kZek rs dkfrZd ikSf.kZek ;k 120 fnolkar
vf/kd ;srkr- R;k rhozrsP;k dkGkr Hkknzin 'kq) prqFkhZ rs
vuar prqnZ'khi;Zar x.ks'kygjh i`Fohoj eksBîkk izek.kkoj ;sr
vlY;kus ;eygjhaph rhozrk deh gks.;kl enr gksrs- ;k ngk
fnolkar x.ks'krRRo usgehP;k rqyusr fdrhrjh iVhauh tkLr
dk;Zjr vlrs- ;k dkGkrhy x.ks'k miklusus vf/kd ykHk
gksrks-
Jh x.ks'kprqFkhZyk Bjkohd osGsrp izfr"Bkiuk dsyh
ikfgts vlk vkxzg dkgh eaMGhapk vlrks- okLrfod
x.ks'kLFkkiuk o iwtuklkBh fof'k"V osG fdaok eqgwrZ ulrks]
vls /keZiafMr lkaxrkr- Hkknzin 'kq) prqFkhZP;k fno'kh Jh
x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk o iwtu Ogkos] brdsp dk; rs! ?kjkr xHkZorh
L=h vlY;kl x.ks'k ewrhZps foltZu d: u;s fdaok ?kjkrhy
,[kknh O;Drh e`R;w ikoyh vlY;kl ,d o"kZ dks.krsgh /kkfeZd
dk;Zs d: u;s] ;kyk 'kkL=h; vk/kkj ukgh-
vusd letqrh] xSjletqrh vkiY;k ns'kkr vkgsr-
fuLokFkZ eukus dsysyh HkDrh ijes'ojki;Zar iksprs] rsOgk
vkiY;kdMwu mRre dk;Z dls ikj iMsy] ;kpk iz;Ru djkok-
T;ksfr"k'kkL=] /keZ'kkL=] iqjk.kxzaFk ;k lokZalkscrp oSKkfud
n`f"Vdksugh ckGx.ks xjtsps vkgs- vkiY;k nq"ÑR;kaoj ika?k:.k
?kky.;klkBh ijes'ojkdMs tkÅ u;s- J)sus ijes'ojkyk 'kj.k
tkos] drkZdjfork rksp vkgs] gh Hkkouk euh vlkoh- ek=
drZO; ikj ikM.;kiklwu] d"Vkaiklwu nwj iGw u;s] ghp Jh
x.ks'kkph f'kdo.k vlkoh-
x.kirh ckIik eksj;k!

Jh leFkZ jkenklLokeh jfpr
Jhx.ks'kkph vkjrh
lq[kdrkZ nq[kgrkZ okrkZ fo?ukph A
uqjoh iqjoh izse Ñik t;kph AA
lokZaxh lqanj mVh 'ksanqjkph A daBh 'kksHks ekG eqDrkQGkaph AA1AA
t; nso t; nso t; eaxyewrhZ AA
n'kZuek=s eu%dkeukiwrhZ AA/kÀA
jRu[kfpr Qjk rqt xkSjh dqejk A panukph mVh dqadqe ds'kjk A

fgjstfMr eqdqV 'kksHkrks cjk A
#.k>q.krh uqiwjsa pj.kh ?kkxfj;k AA t; nso AA2AA
yacksnj ihrkacj Qf.kojca/kuk A ljG lksaM oØrqaM f=u;uk A

nkl jkekpk okV ikgs lnuk A
lad"Vh ikokos fuokZ.kh j{kkosa lqjoj oanuk AA
t; nso t; nso t; eaxyewrhZ AA3AA

Jh 'keh fo?us'k] vknklk
fonHkkZP;k ;k izns'kkoj b-l-iw- 300 P;k njE;ku
ekS;kZaps jkT; gksrs- R;kuarj 'kaqx] d.o] lkrokgu] {k=i] eaqM]
okdkVd] dypqjh] fo".kqdqaMhu] pkyqD;] jk"VªdqV] dY;k.khps
pkyqD;] ijekj] ;kno] cgkeuh] xksaM] Hkkslys v'kk vusdkauh
jkT; dsys- ;k lokZaP;k dkGkr x.ks'kkph vkjk/kuk dsyh
tk;ph- x.ks'kiwtukph izFkk Hkkjrkr vR;ar izkphu v'kh vkgs-
;{kiwtk dj.;kpk iz?kkrgh frrdkp izkphu vkgs- xkokP;k
lhesoj guqeku vkf.k x.ks'k ;k nksUgh nsorkaP;k eafnjkph fdaok
ewrhZph LFkkiuk iqjkru dkGkiklwu dsyh tkrs- xkokps j{k.k
dj.kkjk xteq[kh ;{kjkt x.kirh vkf.k dfieq[kh ;{kjkt
guqeku v'kk nksgksaphgh eafnjs xkoksxkoh os'khoj fnlrkr-
ukxiwj ftYákr 'kgjkP;k ok;O;sl lqekjs 35 fd-eh-
varjkoj lkousj rkyqD;krhy vnklk ¼fdaok vknklk½ gs e/;
Hkkjrkrhy lokZf/kd izkphu vls Jh x.ks'k {ks= Eg.kwu vksG[kys
tkrs- dGes'ojiklwu 14 fd-eh- iq<s o lkousjiwohZ 6 fd-eh-
oj gs xko vkgs- oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkae/;s vR;ar egRRoiw.kZ
v'kk ák x.ks'kLFkkuh vlysyh gh ewrhZ okdkVdkaP;k dkGkrhy
lqekjs 1500 o"kkZaiwohZph vlkoh- dkgh vH;kld ;k
x.ks'kLFkkukyk 4000 o"kkZapk bfrgkl vlY;kps lkaxrkr-
vknklk gs LFkku x.ks'kdks'kkr varHkwZr vkgs-
ok;wiqjk.kkr v/;k; 100 e/khy 'yksd 122 rs 130 e/;s
;kps o.kZu vk<Grs- tSfeuh; v'oes/k iksFkhr ;k {ks=kyk
^vnks"k {ks=* lacks/k.;kr vkys vkgs-
;k {ks=klaca/kh dkgh dFkk o bfrgkl
vls lkaxrkr dh ;k cfyjktkP;k ikfjiR;k[kkyh
fo".kwpk ikpok vorkj letyk tk.kkÚ;k cVw okeukus ák
x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk dsyh- x.ks'kiqjk.kkP;k ØhMk[kaMkr uewn
dsY;kizek.ks Hkhe ukokpk ,d ikj/kh ;k {ks=kr jkgkr gksrk-
fgalk vkf.k okbZVÑR; d:u dqVqackps ikyuiks"k.k dj.kkÚ;k
Hkhekus ,d fnol gj.kkph f'kdkj dsyh- ?kjh ijrrkuk fiaxk{k
ukokpk vfrekuo R;kP;kekxs ykxyk- Hkhe 'keho`{kkoj p<yk-
R;kP;kekxs fiaxk{kgh R;k o`{kkoj p<yk- o`{kkP;k Qka|k dMkdM
rqVk;yk ykxY;k- nks?kkaP;k ekjkekjhr 'kehph ikus [kkyh
vlysY;k x.ks'kkoj iMw ykxyh- ;k o`{kk[kkyhp cVw okeukus
x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk dsyh gksrh- lk{kkr ijes'ojkoj 'kehP;k
ikukapk vfHk"ksd >kY;kus udGr x.ks'k nsork izlé >kyh
vkf.k R;k nks?kkaphgh eus cnyyh vkf.k R;kaP;krhy nq"V izo`Rrh
fu?kwu xsyh-
nqlÚ;k ,dk ekU;rsuqlkj ;k {ks=h x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk
eqn~xy _"khauh dsyh-
x.ks'kdks'kkrhy ,dk dFksuqlkj izkphu dkGkr iki
vkf.k nq"V izo`Rrhaps Lrkse ektY;kus R;kps fuokj.k dj.;klkBh
f'koikoZrh:ih 'keh o`{kkrwu gk x.ks'k izxV >kyk vkf.k Eg.kwu
R;kyk ^'keh fo?us'k* vls uko iMys-
;k x.ks'kkcíyph vk.k[kh ,d nardFkk v'kh dh
loZizFke iwtspk eku vl.kkÚ;k x.ks'kkph cGhjktkdMwu
vogsyuk >kyh- rsOgk Hkxoku okeukauh cGhyk R;kP;k
'kaHkjkO;k v'oes/k ;Kkr ftad.;klkBh loZizFke vnklk ;k
fBdk.kh Jhfoxzg dsyk- Eg.ktsp x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk d:u
cGhjktkyk ;q)kr ijkftr dsys o lokZaps fo?u nwj dsys- gk
x.kirh fo?ukapk uk'k dj.kkjk Eg.kwu ^Jh fo?us'k* ;k ukokusgh
vksG[kyk tkrks-
ewrhZ] eafnj o ifjlj

'keh fo?us'kkph gh ewrhZ dnkfpr Hkkjrkrhy lokZr
map vlkoh- gh prqHkwZt ewrhZ lkMs ia/kjk QwV map o lOok lkr
QwV :an vkgs- R;keqGs rh ikBf'kGsiklwu mBkokr dksjyh
vlkoh- mtO;k lksaMsph vlysyh vkf.k okgu flag vl.kkjh gh
x.ks'kewrhZ HkO; v'kh vkgs- dkgh vH;kldkaP;k ers rh
lq[kklukrgh vlw 'kdrs- gh ewrhZ f=Hkaxh vlwu xaMLFkG frjis
vkgs- R;keqGs gh ewrhZ u`R;eqnzsr vlkoh vls okVrs- ewrhZP;k
eLrdkoj eqdqV dksjysyk ukgh- xaMLFkG Li"V fnlrs- R;ko:u
frps izkphuRo fl) gksrs- vusd HkDr ;k ewrhZyk Lo;aHkw
ekurkr-
;k lqcd ewrhZps Hkko lkSE;&'kkar vls vlwu Lo:i
iznf{k.kk Øekus ik'k] vadq'k] eksnd o vk'khokZn eqnzk vls
vkgs- dikG Eg.ktsp Hkkyizns'k vR;ar lqanj vlwu R;koj
panzdksj vkgs- 'kwiZd.kZ] xaMLFkG loZp izek.kc) vlysY;k ;k
ewrhZps vyadkj ek= Li"V fnlr ukghr-
'ksanwjysiukus ewrhZP;k nxMkfo"k;h fuf'pr ekfgrh
ulyh rjh dS- vejsanz xkMxhG ;kaP;k Jhx.ks'kdks'kkr uewn
dsY;kizek.ks rh dk'ehjh laxejojkph vlkoh ijarq izkphu
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl o laLÑrhps vH;kld Jh-ds- fprGs ;kauh
^fonHkkZrhy v"Vx.ks'kLFkkus* ;k iqLrdkr R;kfo"k;h vlgerh
n'kZoyh vkgs- R;kaP;k ers xkjsP;k fdaok laxejojkP;k ewrhZ
vokZphu vlrkr- ewrhZP;k mtO;k ik;ktoGhy o ikBhekxs ts
izLrjko'ks"k fnlrkr] R;kuqlkj gh ewrhZ ykylj okyqdke;
ik"kk.kkiklwu r;kj >kyh vlkoh-
fonHkkZrhy ia<jiwj Eg.kwu vksG[kys tk.kkjs Jh vnklk
gs {ks= NksVsls tjh vlys rjh loZnwj izfl) vls vkgs-
egkjk"Vªkrhy 21 x.ks'kLFkkukae/;s R;kph x.kuk gksrs- lar
jkenklkauh vkiY;k fonHkZ izoklkr ;k LFkkukyk HksV fnyh gksrh-
ukxiwjps jkts j?kqth Hkkslys nj lad"Vhyk ;k x.ks'kkP;k
n'kZukyk ;sr-
ukxiwjgwu dkVksy jksMus fu?kkY;koj dGes'oj]
/kkisokMk ekxsZ vknklk ykxrs- gk ifjlj eksgjhP;k mRiknuklkBh
izfl) vkgs- fgokGîkkr eksgjhph fioGh Qqys loZ= fnlrkr-
;k xkoP;k os'khoj ekrhP;k tkM fHkarhapk] fnaMh njoktklg
,d iqjkru HkXu okMk vkgs- gk Jh- xksMls ikVykapk vlY;kps
cksyys tkrs- tqU;k dkGkr ;sFks cÚ;kiSdh jkcrk vlkok vls
vo'ks"kkao:u tk.kors-
vknklk gs xko ygkuls vkgs- e/;Hkkxh VsdMhoj eafnj
vkgs- 10 gsDVj ifjljkpk foLrkj vkgs- oj tk;yk
if'pesdMwu ik;Ú;k vkgs- vkrk oji;Zar jLrk >kY;kus eksVkj
usrk ;srs- xzkeiapk;rhpk dj vkf.k eksVkj ikdhZaxps 'kqYd Hkjkos
ykxrs- dkgh ekstdh Qqys] izlknkph nqdkus vkgsr- ik.;kph
lks; >kysyh vkgs- dkgh eksBh >kMs vlwu fulxkZP;k lkfé/;kr
lgHkkstukpk vkuan yqVrk ;srks- oSnHkhZ; mUgkGk ek= dMd
vlY;kus rsOgk n'kZukl tko;kps vlsy rj Qkj dkGth ?;koh
ykxrs- mUgkGîkkr ldkGhp n'kZu ;ksX; Bjrs-
ik;Ú;k p<wu ifjljkr tkrkuk vackjhln`'k ?kqeVh
vkgs- inekxkZP;k nksUgh cktwauk lekarj pkoMîkk vkgsr- T;k
10&12 ?kqeVh vkgsr R;kr fxjh xkslkoh&iqjh ;kaP;k dkgh
ukelek/;k vkgsr- dkgh pkSFkÚ;kaoj ikoys vkgsr] rj dkgh
ikoykaoj v/kZorqZGkdkj ?kqeVîkk vkgsr- ;k f'koHkDr
ukFklaiznk;kP;k xkslkO;kaP;k vkgsr- R;kr cfgjecqok] 'kDrh]
«;acds'oj] Hkq;kjckck ;kaP;kgh lek/;k vkgsr-
iq<s xsY;koj nksu ?kqeVîkkae/;s ,dkr HkSjoukFk rj
nqlÚ;kr 'kDrh izfrek vkgs- v"VHkqt HkSjokph ewrhZ lOok vkB
QwV map o lkMs pkj QwV #an vkgs- ;kgh ewrhZpk ewG psgjk
'ksanjkus ek[kY;kus uhV dGr ukgh- js[khoi.kk y{kkr ;sr ukgh-
us= cVcVhr vlwu ds'klaHkkj vkgs- dkukr likZdkj dqaMy
vkgs- ukxkaps nkxnkfxus /kkj.k dsysys vkgsr- dejsoj ?kaVk;qDr
es[kyk vkgs- mHks jkg.;kph <c etcwr iq#"kh v'kh vlwu
psgÚ;koj jkSnz Hkko vkgsr- iznf{k.kk Øekus gkrh oy;] vadq'k]
ukxik'k] [kM~x o iq<hy pkj gkrkr Me:] f='kwG] ujeqaM o
lhrkQGkizek.ks Qy /kkj.k d:u vkgs- ;k ewrhZP;k nksUgh
cktwauk HkSjokP;k 'kDrh fnfnfudk o xkSjhdk vkgsr- ;k ewrhZ
13 O;k 'krdkrhy vlkO;kr- dkgh vH;kldkauh ;k ewrhZ
jk"VªdqVdkyhu 10O;k 'krdkrhy vlkO;kr] vls er ekaMys
vkgs- ;k izfrekaP;k ekxs ,kd HkO; nxMh izfrek o dkgh
izfrekaps ykylj ik"kk.kkps HkXu vo'ks"k vLrkO;Lr fo[kqjys
vlwu R;ko:u rhu rqdMs ,d= dsY;kl ewrhZP;k mxzrsph o
HkO;rsph dYiuk djrk ;srs- rh 10 rs 12 QqVkaph vlkoh-
fiGnkj 'kjhj vkd"kZd vkgs- ;k ewrhZP;k vksBkaph Bso.k
f'koewrhZizek.ks vkgs- ,dk gkrkr vlysys [kM~x t.kw
?kko ?kky.;kdfjrk r;kj vlwu Me: vlysyk gkr [kafMr
>kyk vkgs] rjh js[kho okVrks- ik;k'kh eaqMds ulysyk dq=k
vkgs- dq«;ko:u gh HkSjokph ewrhZ vlY;kps fl) gksrs-
HkSjokP;k leksjP;k HkO; ?kqeVhr vkØed o HkO;
vlk guqeku vlwu guqearjk; 'kuh o R;kph 'kDrh iuorh
fgyk tfeuhoj psprkuk n'kZoys vkgs- dkghaP;k ers guqear
tacqesGîkkl yksGohr vkgs-
iq<s v/kkZ QykZax mRrjsl fufnzLr guqekukph ewrhZ vkgs-
jke&jko.k ;q)kr y{e.k cs'kq) >kY;koj fgeky;krwu
lathouh ouLirh vk.k.;kl guqekuth xsys- tkrkuk {k.kHkj rs
;sFks folkoys v'kh J)k vkgs-
izos'k}kjkrwu vkr xsY;koj ,d eksdGh tkxk
oÚgkaMîkklkj[kh vkgs- frFks vkjkekr clrk ;srs- toGp
vfHk"ksd LFkku vkgs- eafnjkr n'kZuklkBh dkgh ik;Ú;k [kkyh
mrjkos ykxrs- ewrhZ Qkj fo'kky vlY;kus eafnjkps xHkZx`g
ygku okVrs- gs xHkZx`g ;knodkyhu vlkos- Qkj deh HkDr
,dk osGh vkr tkÅ 'kdrkr- ;knokadMs gseknzhiafMr iariz/kku
gksrs- gs eafnj gsekMiaFkh LFkkiR;kpk uequk vkgs-
iznf{k.kk FkksMh eksBh vkgs vkf.k iznf{k.kk ekj.;klkBh
ik;Ú;kao:u oj[kkyh djkos ykxrs- dkj.k ewrhZ izpaM vkf.k
igkMkojhy vkgs- xHkZx`g [kwi map vkgs- R;keqGs MkO;k cktwus
10&12 ik;Ú;k p<wu vki.k eafnjkekxhy xPphoj iksprks-
frFks Hkjiwj eksdGh tkxk vkgs- o:u nwjnwji;Zarpk ifjlj
fnlrks] rks vR;ar je.kh; vlk vkgs- ik;F;k'kh fnl.kkjh
dkSyk: ?kjs] Mkacjh lMd] fgjohxkj >kMs ikg.;klkj[kh
vlrkr- lk;adkGh rj nwjojps fnos ikg.;klkj[ks vlrkr-
okjkgh [kwi okgrks- ijr iznf{k.kk iw.kZ djrkuk mtohdMwu
[kkyh mrjkos ykxrs- Eg.kts iwohZ gs eafnj HkO;p vlkos-
R;koj f'kYi] u{khdkegh vlkos( ijarq vkt rs f'kYyd ukgh-
iqtkÚ;kyk izfresleksj ,d eksBk ykdMh rDr vlwu R;ko:up
"kksM'kksipkj djkos ykxrkr- iwohZ R;kps lHkkeaMi eksBs vlkos-
dkGkP;k vks?kkr rs fVdys ulkos- vkt ?kqeVh 12 QwV ck;
10 QwV o varjkG 10 QwV ck; 5 QqVkps vkgs-
gs eafnj gsekMiaFkh vkgs- fHkarhaoj fdaok LFkkiR;kr
Qkj'kh f'kYis ukghr- dkVdksuh nxMh fpjs d.kZjs[kkafdr vlwu
ckgsjhy fHkarh Hkkslysdkyhu vkgsr- R;kuarjgh osGksosGh
th.kksZ)kj o nq#Lrh gksr xsY;kps fun'kZukl ;srs- izos'k}kj lqekjs
nhM'ks o"kkZaiwohZps vlkos-
lqekjs 1200 o"kkZaiwohZps LFkkiR; Eg.kts ;sFkhy f'kokps
eafnj- fxjh xkslkO;kaP;k lek/khLFkGkaP;k iwosZl gs eafnj vkgs-
gsekMiaFkh okVr vlys rjh rs R;kiwohZps vkgs- nsoky; iz'kLr
vlwu rhu fn'kkauk rhu LraHk;qDr vksoÚ;k o rhu izos'k}kjs
vkgsr- eaMikr uanhf'kYi vkgs- e/;Hkkxh orqZGkdkj jaxf'kGk
vkgs- vkr xHkZx`gkr f'kofyax vkgs-
eafnjkP;k if'pesl ekxhy cktwl vj.;kr ,d
ikÅyokV tkrs- R;k okVsus xsY;kl MksaxjkP;k mrkjkoj 8&10
ek.kls ekorhy v'kh ,d uSlfxZd xqaQk vkgs- R;kP;k vkr
vk.k[kh ,d xqaQk vkgs- ek= rh vR;ar /kksdknk;d vkgs- iwohZ
;sFks /kke.k] fprk vls izk.kh fnlY;kps vusdt.k lkaxrkr-

xkokP;k ik;F;kl HkkslY;kaP;k dkGkrhy ,d eksBh
foghj vlwu R;kr 47 ik;Ú;k vkgsr- x.ks'kkP;k
vfHk"ksdkdfjrk gh ty;kstuk dsyh gksrh-
brj ekfgrh
;k HkO; ewrhZph iwtk Eg.kts HkDrkph ijh{kkp vlrs-
gk 'kehfo?us'k uolkyk ikorks v'kh ekU;rk vkgs-
vfookfgrkauh ;k x.ks'kkyk fookgkckcr uol cksyyk rj rks
ikorks] vls Eg.krkr-
gs {ks= xqIr&okdkVdkaP;k dkGkiklwu tkx`r nsoLFkku
letys tkrs- vkt ;k eafnjkps xksaMdkyhu ewG Lo:i xHkZx`g]
varjkG o izos'kekxZ ,o<sp fnlrs- ckdh th.kksZ)kjkus cÚ;kp
xks"Vh cnyY;k vlkO;k-
;k izns'kkr izkphu dkGh 'keho`{k eksBîkk izek.kkoj
gksrs] R;keqGs ;kyk 'kehewyiwj vlsgh EgVys tk;ps- vnks"k
{ks=keqGs ;kps vnks"k&vnks"kk&vknk"kk& vk/kk'kk&vknklk vls
viHkzaf'kr :i >kys vkgs-
pkSF;k 'krdkr okdkVd nf{k.ke/; Hkkjrkps lezkV
gksrs- lgkO;k&lkrO;k 'krdknjE;ku gs {ks= ?kj?kksj vj.;kr
yqIr >kys vlkos- R;kuarj ikp&lgk'ks o"kkZapk fonHkkZpk
bfrgkl Qkjlk vk<Gr ukgh- bLykeP;k vkØe.kkr vusd
f'kYidyk] okLrw u"V >kY;k- ek= ?ku?kksj vj.;kr yqIr
>kysY;k ;k nsoky;kps futZu] fueZuq"; ifjljkeqGsp j{k.k
>kys- nsofxjhps ;kno jkts 12&13 O;k 'krdkr vkys vkf.k
gsekMiaFkh eafnjkaph eksBîkk izek.kkoj fufeZrh >kyh- R;kosGh
vkf.k uarj HkkslY;kaP;k dkGkr ;k eafnjkoj fo'ks"k y{k fnys
xsys- HkkslY;kaP;k dkgh i=kao:u nqljs j?kqth Hkkslys fu;fer
;sFks ;sr vlr- R;kapk e`R;w 1826 e/;s >kyk- ek= rs g;kr
vlsi;Zar lad"Vh] vaxkjdh v'kk loZp x.ks'k frF;kauk rs
yoktE;klg ;sr vkf.k R;kdfjrk t¸;r r;kjh dsyh tk;ph-
xkotso.ks fnyh tk;ph- HkkslY;kaP;k 26 tkus- 1888 P;k
i=ko:u vknk';kP;k x.kirhph [kksG ;kp njE;ku xGwu
iMY;kpk mYys[k vk<Grks-
vktwcktwph ikg.;klkj[kh fBdk.ks

ukxiwjgwu fu?kkY;koj /kkisokMk gs vknk';kiwohZ vMhp
fd-eh- varjkoj ykx.kkjs xko foBksckP;k eafnjklkBh izfl)
vkgs- fonHkkZps ia<jiwj letys tk.kkjs panzHkkxsP;k rhjkojps gs
eafnj jkts ckthjko HkkslY;kaps fnok.k Jh- mekth vkck ;kauh
cka/kys gksrs- /kkisokMîkkiwohZ vMhp fd-eh- oj ,d nsohpsgh
eafnj vkgs-
iq<s lkousjyk xsY;kl Jh ofl"B ¼d';i½ vkJekr
dkgh izkphu izfrek vkgsr- izfl) ukVddkj jke x.ks'k xMdjh
;kaps tqus ?kjgh vkgs-
vknklk rs jkeVsd ekxkZoj FkksMs vkre/;s ikjf'kouh gs
rkyqD;kps xko vkgs- rsFks dkGîkk ik"kk.kkph egky{ehph
dksjho v'kh lqanj ewrhZ mR[kuukr lkiMyh gksrh- rh ,dk
?kqeVhr LFkkfir dsyh vkgs- iq<s 15 fd-eh- oj dqokjk Hkhelsu
gs nsoLFkku vlwu R;kP;k leksj isap unhps foLrh.kZ tyk'k;

vkgs- ik.;kr ,d egky vkgs- rks izkphu egky ikg.;kl
ukosus tkrkr- fHkoxM ukokpk fdYykgh toGp vkgs-
vls gs vknklk {ks= Eg.ktsp vnks"k {ks=- ukxiwjo:u

;k ;k=sl fu?k.kkÚ;k HkkfodHkDrkauh oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkaiSdh
HkO; ewrhZ vlysY;k fulxZjE; okrkoj.kkrhy Jh
'kehfo?us'kkP;k n'kZukus lq#okr dj.;kl dkgh gjdr ulkoh-
a

Jh v"Vkn'kHkqt x.ks'k] jkeVsd
izHkw JhjkekP;k ikoykauh ikou >kysY;k
jkeVsdtoGP;k 'kSoY; ioZrkoj ;k x.ks'kkps LFkku vkgs- gk
'kSoY; ioZr Eg.kts 'kEcwd _"khaps vkJ;LFkku- ;k ioZrkoj
fo|k/kjkph laLÑrh gksrh- vBjk fo'okP;k foKkukps Kku
vlysY;k ;k fo|k/kjkph n`"Vhp v"Vkn'kHkqtk Eg.kts vBjk
Hkqtk vlysY;k ;k LQfVdkP;k x.kirhr vk<Grs- eksjia[kkP;k
ys[k.khlg vHk; gLr o eksnd gLr oxGrk ewrhZP;k izR;sd
gkrkr vadq'k] ik'k] [kVokax] f='kwG] ij'kw v'kh 'kL=s vkgsr-
;k nsoGkpk ?kqeV Hkkslysdkyhu vlyk rjh ewrhZ 500
o"kkZaiwohZph vkgs- fo'ks"k Eg.kts x.ks'kkph ewrhZ izkeq[;kus pkj
gkrkaphp vlrs( i.k gh ewrhZ nqxZsizek.ks vBjk gkrkaph vkgs- ;k
eafnjkrp e/;Hkkxh êgkx.kirh*gh fojkteku vkgsr-
vknk';kiklwu iwosZdMs jkeVsdpk v"Vkn'kHkqtk x.ks'k
vkgs- vknklk jkeVsdps varj 60 fd-eh- vlwu lkousj] [kkik]
eulj v'kk ekxsZ tkrk ;srs- ukxiwj&jkeVsd ljG varj 50
fd-eh- vkgs-

iwoZ fonHkkZr ;s.kkjh eaMGh vkotwZu jkeVsdyk HksV
nsrkr- 2000 rs 2500 o"kkZaph izkphu laLÑrh vl.kkÚ;k
jkeVsdyk tls Jhjkepanzkaps eafnj izfl) vkgs] rlsp fonHkkZyk
lqo.kZ;qxkr us.kkÚ;k okdkVd jktkaP;k dr`ZRokps izrhd Eg.kwugh
izfl) vkgs- pkSF;k&ikpO;k 'krdkr mRrj Hkkjrkrhy lqo.kZ
jkT;drsZ xqIr ;kapsp ledkyhu okdkVd gksrs- vls Eg.krkr
dh R;kaP;kr oSokfgd laca/k gksrs- panzxqIr f}rh;ph dU;k
izHkkorh xqIr okdkVd jkts #nzlsu ;kaph iV~Vjk.kh gksrh-
jkeVsdyk eksBîkk izek.kkoj eafnjs vkgsr- Jhjkekps
eafnj] y{e.kkps xMkojhy eafnj] R;krhy 45 vksGhapk
;knodkyhu f'kykys[k] okdkVddkyhu dsoG u`flag eafnj] ;k
eafnjkrhy isfVdk'kh"kZd fyihrhy 1500 o"kkZaiwohZpk f'kykys[k]
#nz u`flag eafnj] f=foØe] yksikeqnzkph ckoMh] lhrk Ugk.kh]
diwZj ckoMh] xksdqG njoktk] ojkg izfrek] vxLrh equhapk eB]
xkokP;k ik;F;k'kh vlysys 'kacqds'oj] egkdoh dkfynkl
Lekjd] tSu eafnj] es?knwr Hkoue~] izos'k}kjkojhy 'kkjax/kjkpk
f'kykys[k] uanho/kZupk HkqbZdksV] gsekMiaFkh f'koeafnj] f[kaMlh
ryko] vackGk ryko] Jko.kckGkph dkoM o n'kjFk 'kjLFkku
gh loZ fBdk.ks ikg.;klkj[kh vkgsr- f'kok; fl) iq#"kkaps eB]
dchj vksVk] xq: ukudnso ;kaP;k Li'kkZus ikou >kysyh Hkweh]
vusd Lekjds] iknqdk] f'kYiiê] nxMh izfrek v'kk fofo/k
ckchalkBh jkeVsd izfl) vkgs- ;k jkeVsde/;s vusd
ikg.;klkj[kh LFkkus vlY;kus v"Vkn'kHkqtk x.kirhps LFkku
dkghls fQds iMys] vls okVrs-
vls Eg.krkr dh jkeVsdph ik;h okjh jkeuoehyk
dsY;kuarj ;k x.ks'kkP;k n'kZukus rh ;k=k lqQy o laiw.kZ gksrs-
^flanqjfxjh egkRE;* iksFkhe/;s izkphu jkeVsdps lfoLrj
o.kZu vkgs- ;sFks dsGhP;k [kwi ckxk gksR;k] vlk mYys[k
^dnyhokVi xzkes* Eg.kwu dsyk vkgs- ;k xkokph izkphurk
jkek;.kdkGki;Zar ekxs usrk ;srs-

Jhjke ouoklkr vlrkuk ;k fBdk.kh dkgh dkG
okLrO;kl gksrs- R;keqGs ;k fBdk.kkyk ^jkeVsd* vls uko
iMys- ukxiwjiklwu bZ'kkU;sdMs 50 fd-eh- varjkoj vlysY;k
;k 'kgjkph izfl)h lqekjs 600 o"kkZaiwohZP;k Jhjkeeafnjkus
vf/kd >kyh vkgs- gs eafnj ,dk map Mksaxjkoj vkgs- frFkwu loZ
vktwcktwpk ifjlj nwjnwji;Zar U;kgkGrk ;srks- ;k eafnj
ifjljkr ,d fo'kky uanh vkgs- Jhx.ks'kkpsgh ,d iqjkru eafnj
;sFks vkgs- okujkapk eqDr lapkj ;k eafnj ifjljkr vkgs-
ukxiwjdj HkkslY;kapk 'kL=lkBkgh ;k eafnjkr vkgs-
lk/kkj.kr% b-l- 250 e/;s gk ifjlj ekS;Z 'kkldkaP;k
vf/kiR;k[kkyh gksrk- lkrokgukaP;k dkGkr izojiwj Eg.kts
l/;kps eulj gs ,d egRRokps fBdk.k gksrs- rs ;sFkwu vxnh
toG vkgs- b-l- 350 e/;s R;kapk ikMko d:u okdkVdkauh
lRrk dkcht dsyh- R;kp dkGkr dkfynkl >kysr vlk let
vkgs- laLÑr dkO;krhy ,d vfHktkr dykÑrh Eg.kts
^'kkdqary*- dfodqyxq: dkfynklkus gs dkO; ;kp jkeVsd
ifjljkr fyfgys vkgs-
;k ifjljkr ckS) laLÑrhps vo'ks"kgh vk<Gys
vkgsr- euljyk egkfogkj gksrk] vls fnlwu iMrs-
vk;qosZnkpk;Z ukxktqZu ;kaph gh deZHkweh vlY;kps ekuys tkrs-
jkeVsd Eg.kts jkekpk Mksaxj- iwohZ ;k Mksaxjkl
^flanwjfxjh* fdaok 'ksanjkpk Mksaxj o ^riksfxjh* Eg.kts riL;k
dj.;kpk Mksaxj vls uko vlkos- ;k lanHkkZrhy pkSnkO;k
'krdkrhy f'kykys[k y{e.k eafnjktoG vkgs- ;sFks 100 ehVj
maphojP;k VsdMhoj gh eafnjs vkgsr- VsdMhph nf{k.k o if'pe
cktw uSlfxZdjhR;k lajf{kr vkgs- mRrjsdMs nqgsjh fHkarhph rVcanh
vlwu ckgsjhy fHkar xoGh jktkauh cka/kyh vkgs- brj dke uarj
gksr xsys vkgs- jkeeafnj gs if'pesdMP;k lokZr map Hkkxkoj
vlwu vackyk rykokP;k if'pe VksdkdMwu VsdMhoj p<.;kl
ik;Ú;k vkgsr- oj nxMh fHkar vlysys tqus rGs o toGp
ujflagkph eksBh ewrhZ vlysys nsÅG vkgs-
vk[;kf;dsizek.ks fgj.;d';iwpk uk'k dsY;koj
u`flagkus ¼ujflag½ ;sFks vkiyh xnk Qsdyh o R;k;ksxs gs rGs
nsoGktoG fuekZ.k dsys-
,dk dFksuqlkj 'kEcqdkyk Jhjkekus Bkj dsys ek=
izR;{k JhjkekP;k gkrwu ej.k izkIr >kY;kus 'kEcqdkyk vkuan
>kyk o R;kus jkekdMwu jkeVsdyk dk;eps okLrO; dj.;kpk
oj ekxwu ?ksryk- R;kl jkekus vuqerh fnyh o 'kEcqdkphgh
;sFks iwtk gksbZy] vls lkafxrys- R;kizek.ks /kqes'oj egknsokps
eafnj fuekZ.k dsys xsys-
ewrhZ] eafnj vkf.k ifjlj

jkeVsd xkokr f'kjY;kuarj Jh usrkth lqHkk"kpanz cksl
;kaP;k iqrGîkkiklwu vkr ,d fueqGrh xYyh vkgs- VsdMhP;k
ik;F;k'kh rsyhiqjk vkgs- frFks ,d pkSdksuh ?kqeVhotk tkxk
vlwu rsFksp gh v"Vkn'kHkqt x.ks'kkph izfrek vkgs-
;k eafnjkps rhu Hkkx vkgsr- vkr f'kjY;koj lqekjs
15 QqVkapk OgjkaMk] 25 ck; 30 QqVkps lHkkx`g vkf.k xHkZx`g-
lHkkx`gkr y?kqf'kYikafdr LraHk vkgsr- rs HkkslY;kauh fuekZ.k
dsys vlkosr- nksuvMhp'ks o"kkZaiwohZ ;k eafnjkpk th.kksZ)kj
>kyk vlkok-
;k eafnjkrhy rhu xHkZx`gkr rhu x.kirhP;k izfrek
vkgsr- R;k osxosxGîkk ?kqeVîkkar vlY;k rjh iznf{k.kk iFk
,dp vkgs- e/;?kqeVhr prqHkqZt egkx.ks'k vkgs- izfrek lqanj
vlyh rjh izkphu ulkoh- ewrhZP;k mtO;k gkrkl vlysY;k
?kqeVhr Jh fj)hfl)h x.ks'k vlwu gh izfrekgh prqHkqZt vkgs-
x.ks'kkP;k 'kDrh fj)hfl)h mHk; cktwauk vkgsr-
;k eafnjkr egky{ehphgh ewrhZ izfr"Bkfir dj.;kr
vkyh vlwu rh vyhdMP;k dkGkrhy vkgs-
v"Vkn'kHkqt x.ks'kkph izfrek ek= eq[; e/; ewrhZP;k
MkO;k gkrkP;k ?kqeVhr vkgs- nksUgh cktwauk 9 gkr vkgsr- maph
lqekjs lkMs pkj rs iko.ks ikp QwV vkgs- ikBf'kGk lqVh vkgs-
gh LQfVdkph cgq/kk jDrk'ef'kGsph ewrhZ eqdqV] xaMLFkG]
'kwiZd.kZ] y?kqus=] Hkkyizns'k o lksaM oke&nf{k.k v'kk
osVksGîkkr vkgs- >ksdnkj m/oZv/kj v'kh lksaM vfr'k; lqanj
vlwu rh eksnd xzg.k djrkuk fnlrs- ewrhZpk mtok ik;
nqeMyk vkgs- Mkok ik; in~eklukr vlkok-
brj x.ks'kewrhZaizek.ks gh ewrhZ 'ksanwjysiukus >kdysyh
ulY;kus cgqrsd vo;o Li"V fnlrkr o ewrhZ rstLoh okVrs-
MksD;koj ikp Q.;kapk ukx vlwu xGîkkrgh ukx o dejsyk
ukxiêk vkgs-
vBjkfl)haeqGs v"Vkn'kHkqt x.kirhl 'kkL=iqjk.kkr
^fo?us'oj* Eg.kwu iwtys tkrs- eafnj Hkkslysdkyhu vlys rjh
gh ewrhZ ;knoksRrj dkGkrhy pkSnkO;k 'krdkrhy vlkoh-
Jh- pkanzk;.k dqVqackdMs 1965 i;Zar ;k nsoGkph
ofgokV gksrh- gh eaMGh LFkykarfjr >kY;kus ;sFkhy ;qodkauh
1968&69 P;k njE;ku Jh x.ks'k mRlo lq: dsyk- eafnjkl
vk/kkjklkBh dkgh LraHk cka/kys- eafnjkph jaxjaxksVh dsyh- ;k
dkeh jkeVsdP;k Jh vxLR; vkJekps izeq[k Jh xksikynkl
egkjkt ;kauh iq<kdkj ?ksryk- 1980 iklwu R;kaP;kp iq<kdkjkus
lq: >kysY;k vkf.k oSdqaB prqnZ'khl fu?k.kkÚ;k vfrHkO;
'kksHkk;k=sph lq#okr ;kp eafnjkrwu gksrs-

jkeVsd vkf.k vktwcktwpk izns'k ikg.;klkj[kk vkgs-
jkeVsde/khy oj mYysf[kr fBdk.ks ikg.;kr cjkp osG fu?kwu
tkrks- xMkojps Jh dkfynkl Lekjd] u`flag eafnj] ojkg eafnj]
Jh jke&y{e.k eafnj] f=foØe eafnj ikg.;klkj[ks vkgs- ;k
VsdMhP;k ik;F;k'kh vlysyk vackGk ryko] R;kP;k iwoZsl
3 fd-eh-ojpk Jh jkelkxj Eg.ktsp f[kaMlh ryko t:j
ikgkok- frFks cksfVaxph lks; vkgs- vknk';ko:u jkeVsdyk
;srkuk eulj ykxrs- frFks b-l- 4 F;k 'krdkrhy nksu HkO;
okLrwaps iqjko'ks"k vk<Gwu vkys vkgsr- R;krhy ,dkr
f'kofyax] xHkZx`g] Lrqiko'ks"k] rVcanh] lksiku ekxZ] panzf'kyk
vkgsr- nqljhr lHkkx`g] eafnjkizek.ks okLrw] oÚgkaMs] fuoklh x`g]
riL;k d{k bR;knh vkgs- jkeVsd vkVksiY;koj iq<s HkaMkÚ;kdMs
fu?krkuk ekS|kl Jhfo".kwaph dksjysyh lqanj ewrhZ vkgs-
ukxiwj&jkeVsd ekxkZojps dkeBh ;sFkhy MªWxu iWysl gh loZ
fBdk.ks ikg.;klkj[kh vkgsr-
;sFks fHkdkÚ;kapk =kl ukgh- ygkulk jLrk] jkeVsdP;k

izkphu ,sfrgkfld BsO;kus >kdksGysys gs eafnj v'kk vusd
dkj.kkauh prqFkhZ] frF;k o mRlokaO;frfjDr ;k eafnjkr xnhZ
ulrs vkf.k gk ,d oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;d vkgs] ;kph tk.khogh
vusdkauk ukgh( i.k ;k vBjk Hkqtk vlysY;k x.ks'kkyk uol
cksy.kkjs HkDr eksBîkk la[;sus vkgsr- vR;ar lqanj] ikgrk {k.kh
izHkkohr d:u tk.kkjh] eu izlé dj.kkjh v'kh gh ewrhZ vkgs-

Jh Hk`'kqaM x.ks'k] esa<k
fonHkkZP;k iwosZdMhy ftYgk Eg.kwu HkaMkjk ftYgk
vksG[kyk tkrks- nkV taxykauh O;kiysyk gk izns'k vlwu ;k
ftYákps foHkktu gksÅu xksafn;k ftYgk fuekZ.k >kyk-
xksafn;kiyhdMs NRrhlxM jkT; lq: gksrs- ukxiwj&dksydkrk
jk"Vªh; egkekxkZoj HkaMkjk vkgs- jkeVsdo:u lqekjs 71 fd-eh-
oj HkaMkjk vkgs- HkaMkÚ;kiklwu rqelj ekxkZoj iwoZsdMs vxnh
yxspp 3 fd-eh-oj esa<k gs NksVsls xko vkgs- rs vkrk
HkaMkÚ;krp lekfo"V >kY;klkj[ks vkgs- vktps esa<k xko
Eg.kts iwohZps ukxkaps in~eiwj jkT;- ;k fBdk.kh 11 O;k
'krdkrhy izkphu v'kh Jh x.ks'kkph ewrhZ vkgs- ;sFkwu
ukxiwj&dksydkrk jsYos ekxkZoj ^HkaMkjk jksM* gs jsYos LVs'ku
lqekjs 8 fd-eh- varjkoj vkgs- ukxiwj&HkaMkjk 61 fd-eh- varj
vkgs-

ukxoa'kkrhy Hk`'kqaM _"khauh ;k x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk dsyh]
R;keqGs R;kps ^Hk`'kqaM x.ks'k* vls uko iMys- Hk`'kqaM _"khaph
ijaijk pkyfo.kkÚ;kauk vktgh ^Hk`'kqaMh* ;k vkMukokusp
vksG[kys tkrs- ^Hkq* Eg.kts Hkqo;k vkf.k ^'kqaM* Eg.kts lksaM-
x.kirhph vkjk/kuk djrkuk _"kh brds rYyhu >kys dh
R;kaaP;k Hkqo;kaiklwu ,d lksaM QqVyh vkf.k R;keqGs R;kauk
Hk`'kqaM _"kh EgVys xsys v'kh vk[;kf;dk vkgs-

vkrkps NRrhlxM vkf.k rsOgkps naMdkj.; ;k
ifjljkrhy vR;ar riLoh fo}ku _"kh ^vkSoZ* ;kaph dU;k
^'kfedk* vkf.k ^'kkSud* _"khapk eqyxk êankj* ;kapk fookg
>kyk- 'kfedk o;kr vkyh rsOgk fryk lkljh vk.k.;klkBh
'kkSudkauh eankjyk vkSoZ _"khadMs ikBoys- eankj rsFks nksu fnol
jkfgyk- iRuhyk ?ksÅu ijrrkuk R;kus okVsr Hk`'kqaM _"khaP;k
vkJekr eqDdke dsyk- Hk`'kqaM _"khauk tsOgk R;kauh izR;{k
ikfgys rsOgk R;kaP;k dikGkrwu fu?kkysyh lksaM ikgwu rs nks?ksgh
rk#.;lqyHk ps"Vsus glw ykxys- x.ks'k HkDrhr rYyhu Hk`'kqaM
_"khauk gk lk{kkr x.ks'kkpk vieku okVyk- rs larkiys vkf.k
R;kauh ;k nks?kkauk 'kki fnyk dh ^rqEgh nks?ksgh o`{k Ogky-* eankj
vkf.k 'kfedkyk vkiyh pwd dGyh( ijarq m'khj >kyk gksrk-
rs nks?ksgh o`{k >kys-
nks?ksgh ?kjh ijr vkys ukgh] rsOgk pkSd'kh djhr
eankjps xq: ^/kkSE;* vkf.k oMhy ^vkSoZ* Hk`'kaqM _"khaP;k
vkJekr vkys- frFks ikspY;koj R;kauk loZ izdkj letyk-
R;kauh Hk`'kqaM _"khauk ;k 'kkikrwu eqykauk eqDr dj.;kl
foufoys- Hk`'kaqM _"khaP;k lYY;ko:u R;k nks?kkauhgh ri'p;kZ
dsyh o Jh x.ks'kkyk izlé djowu ?ksrys- ek= Jh x.ks'kkus
eankj o 'kfedsyk ijr euq";nsg u nsrk ojnku fnys dh] êh
Lor% 'keh vkf.k eankj o`{kkP;k eqGk'kh fuR; fuokl djhu-
nqosZf'kok; ek>h iwtk iw.kZ gksr ukgh( ijarq vkrk nqokZ ulY;kl
eh 'keh&eankjkus rÌr gksbZu- ;k o`{kkaP;k iznf{k.ksus i`Foh
iznf{k.ksps iq.; ykHksy- gs o`{k Eg.kts ek>sp :i letwu R;kaps
iwtu gksbZy-*

eqn~xy iqjk.kkr ^Hk`'kqaM vk[;ku* vkgs- mRrjsdMwu
;s.kkjs vusd lk/kwlar u|kaP;k dkBkdkBkus izokl djhr nf{k.k
Hkkjrkr tkr- Jh x.ks'k HkDr eqn~xy _"kh nf{k.ksr /keZizlkjkFkZ
tkr vlrkuk ák unhdkBh ,dk yqVk:us R;kauk vMoys o
toGP;k loZ oLrwaph ekx.kh dsyh- gk yqVk: vusd ikaFkLFkkauk
yqVk;pk( ijarq thogkuh djr uls- _"khatoG dk; vl.kkj\
>VkiVhr eqn~xy _"khapk Li'kZ R;k yqVk:yk >kyk vkf.k
R;kph erh ikyVyh- cq)h fLFkj >kyh vkf.k rks eqn~xy _"khauk
'kj.k xsyk- vkiY;kyk vuqxzg djkok vlk vkxzg R;kus _"khauk
dsyk- _"khauh R;kyk x.ks'kea= fnyk- ^ák ea=kus rq>k mn~/kkj
gksbZy- rw 'ksrh d:u lRRo'khyrsus vkiY;k dqVqackps
ikyuiks"k.k dj* vls lkafxrys- rks vgksjk= Jh x.ks'kkpk ti
d: ykxyk- ijes'oj Lo:ikr foyhu >kyk- R;kP;k
nk<hfe'kk] tVk ok<Y;k- R;kpk psgjk ,[kk|k riLoh lk/kwizek.ks
>kyk- rks laiw.kZ x.ks'ke; >kyk gksrk vkf.k iq<s izR;{k
Hkqo;kae/kwu 'kqaM mxoY;kus R;kus fuekZ.k dsysyh f'kYiizfrek gh
ekuoh psgÚ;kph] nk<hfe'kk vl.kkjh vkf.k lksaM vl.kkjh
v'kh r;kj >kyh-

gh ewrhZ c?krk{k.kh dkgh'kh peRdkfjd okVrs- ;k
ewrhZP;k eq[keaMGkP;k tkxh ekuoh ukdiqMîkk vkf.k fdafpr
nk<hfe'kk vk<Grkr- JhaP;k ekuoln`'k v'kk osxGîkk :ikeqGs
gh ewrhZ yksdfiz; vkgs-

izR;{k ewrhZ 8 ck; 8 QqVkP;k pqU;kP;k ?kqeVhr vkgs-
iznf{k.kk ?kky.;kl Qkj'kh tkxk ukghp- vkrk ?kqeV vlysyk
Hkkx ykdMh jsfyax ykowu canp dsyk vkgs- R;keqGs ckgs:u
iznf{k.kk ?kkryh tkrs-
;k prqHkwZt ewrhZP;k f'kjksHkkxh tVkeqdqV vkgs-
iznf{k.kkØekus gkrkr ij'kw] vadq'k] eksnd vkgsr- pkSFkk gkr
vk'khokZn nsr vkgs- dikGkoj v{knkdqqadqefryd] ukd] xky]
vksB] fe'kk Li"V tk.korkr- MksGs v/kksZfUefyr vlwu rs ekuoh
okVrkr- Mkok ik; nqeMyk vlwu mtok ik; ew"kdkoj
lq[kklukr Eg.kts [kkyh lksMysyk fnlrks- dqadqefrydkph
tkxk FkksMh Qqxhj vkgs-
ewrhZph lksaM gh [kkyh lksMysyh vlyh vkf.k
ewrhZP;k vksBkae/kwu vkY;klkj[kh Hkklyh rjh rh Hko;kae/kwup
lq: >kysyh vkgs-
'ksanwjysiukus vyadkj fnlr ukghr( ijarq naMkoj]
euxVkr] xGîkkr o ik;kr rs vlkosr- ewrhZP;k izHkkeaMGkP;k
tkxh ikp Q.;kapk ukxjkt fnlrks- R;kus ;k ewrhZoj Q.kkN=
/kjys vlY;kpk Hkkl gksrks- [kkyh ew"kdkps ik;] eq[k o dku
fnlrkr- ,danjhr dk; f'kYidkjkyk vls nk[kowu |k;ps vkgs
dh Jhx.ks'kkpk ea= tir Hk`'kqaM _"kh x.ks'kkrp Lo:i lefiZr
>kys vkgsr-
eafnjkP;k ojhy ?kqeVh gsekMiaFkh vkgs- R;keqGs gh ewrhZ
11 O;k 'krdkr LFkkfir >kyh vlkoh- ewrhZleksjhy nksUgh
cktwaps HkO; LraHk ewGpsp vlkosr- ewrhZiq<îkkr ,d uanh vkgs-
rh izfrek uarj izfr"Bkfiyh vlkoh- rlsp iq<hy vksVk o
lHkkeaMigh Qkj uarjpk vkgs-
eafnjkP;k leksj ts iVkax.k vkgs] R;kr nf{k.keq[kh
jk{klfunkZyu eqnzsrhy guqekukph HkO; ewrhZ vkgs- fryk Nr
ukgh- Nr cka/kys rj dkslGrs v'kh vk[;kf;dk vkgs- Jh
lhrkjketh dksaMwth ppk.ks ák ikaMqjaxHkDrkus ok/kZD;koLFksr
ia<jhph okjh gksr ulY;kus ;k izfresi<q s nSfud iwtk cka/kyh-
dkdMvkjrhiklwu pkrqekZlozr] nSfud fnokcRrh] lkQlQkbZ ;k
loZ lsok dsY;k- 1964 e/;s R;kaps fu/ku >kY;kojgh rh
ijaijk Jh 'kadj f'kopj.k Hkkj}kt ;kauh lkaHkkGyh-
ifjljkr dkgh lrhf'kGk vkgsr- R;koj panzlw;kZaps
vadu vkgs- irhP;k fu/kukuarj fL=;k irhP;k dysojklg lrh
tk;P;k- tksi;Zar lw;Zpanz vkgsr] rksi;Zar ;k lrhaps uko fpjaru
jkgkos ák mís'kkus R;kaps ukrsokbZd v'kk f'kGk vadu djhr-
unhP;k toG v'kk f'kGk vk<Grkr- gk iV~Vk jsrkM vkgs-
xksyoV vkdkjkps nxM vkgsr- ouLirhaph 'kq"drk vkgs-
R;keqGs iwohZ ;sFkhy oSuxaxk unhps ik= eafnjki;Zar vlkos] vls
okVrs- dkykarjkus unhus ekxZ cnyyk vlkok- ifjljkr fxjh
xkslkO;kaP;k lek/;k vkgsr-
ifjljkr 13 O;k fdaok 14 O;k 'krdkr rsFks fuokZflr
vlysY;k 10&12 egarkaP;k lek/;k vkgsr- R;koj prq"dksuh]
v"Vdksuh v'kk ?kqeVîkk vkgsr- gh eaMGh f'koksikld vlrkr-
,dk ?kqeVhr fo".kwizfrek vkgs- ,[kknk HkDr oS".ko vlkok-
300 o"kkZaiwohZph gh izfrek vlkoh- leHkaxkr prqHkwZt vlysyh
gh izfrek vyadkjkauh Y;kysyh vkgs-

HkaMkjk xko rls tqus- ;k xkokr dkgh izkphu izfrek
vkgsr- tSu eafnjkrhy f'kYiiV~V] [kkac rykokP;k dkBkojhy
lrhLraHk&fojxG LraHk] cfgjaxs'ojkps eafnj] g;xzho izfrek]
ikg.;klkj[;k vkgsr-
HkaMkÚ;kP;k oSuxaxsps ik= iwohZ vxnh ;k eafnjk;Zar
vlkos- ek= vkt rs vMhp fd-eh- varjkoj xsys vkgs- iwohZ
eas<îkkP;k Bk.;ki;Zar iwj vkyk dh xko tye; Ogk;ps vls
lkaxrkr- vkt ek= tfeuh[kkyP;k ik.;kph ikrGh tjh oj
vlyh rjh ewGps unhik= 'kq"d >kys vkgs- eafnjkP;k ifjljkr
eksBk oVo`{k gksrk vls tquh eaMGh lkaxrkr- oSuxaxsps foLrh.kZ
ik= ikg.;klkj[ks vkgs-
rqelje/khy vka/kGxkoP;k toG ,d xk;eq[k
nsoLFkku vlwu ikoZrhph ,d jkSnz :ikrhy izfrek ,dk uSlfxZd
foojkr Eg.kts Mksaxkjkr lqekjs 40 QwV [kksy izfr"Bkfir vkgs-
toGp vackxM gk xksaMdkyhu fdYyk vkgs-
brj ekfgrh
HkaMkÚ;kph firGh HkkaMh izfl) vkgsr- firGh BksD;kps
xat fufeZrhps dkgh y?kqm|ksx vkgsr- Jhear xksaM vkf.k
HkkslY;kaP;k dkGkr gs eksBs xko gksrs- firGh o vU; /kkrwpk
Hku~ Hku~ vlk vkokt ;sr jkgrks Eg.kwu ;kyk ^Hkkukjk* vls
EgVys vlkos- iq<s Hkukjk&HkaMkjk vls >kys vlkos-
tks'kh dqVaqc ;k eafnjkph ns[kHkky djr vkgs- 12 O;k
'krdkr Jh- fuGaHkV Hkkukjsdj gs xzketks'kh gksrs- R;kaP;kdMs Jh
pØ/kj Lokeh ;sÅu xsY;kps lkaxrkr- Eg.kts tks'kh dqVqackdMs
800 o"kkZaiklwu iwtsph ijaijk vkgs-
ek?k 'kDy prqFkhZl lkoZtfud mRlo lktjk gksrks-
rsOgk [kwi xnhZ gksrs- efgU;krhy nksUgh prqFkhZ] ek?kh prqFkhZ]
frGh prqFkhZ] Hkknzinkrhy x.ks'k prqFkhZ v'kk frF;kauk [kwi xnhZ
vlrs- ,joh ;k nsoLFkkukr Qkj'kh xnhZ ulrs- Hktu] izopu]
xksikydkyk] dhrZu] vFkoZ'kh"kkZps iB.k] mn~cks/kukRed dk;ZØe
lrr lq: vlrkr-
HkaMkÚ;krhy jLR;kaps Mkacjhdj.k] fleasVhdj.k >kys
vlwu vkWVksfj{kk eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkgsr- ,l-Vh-P;k Hkjiwj
QsÚ;k ukxiwj o vU; toGiklP;k LFkkudkao:u lq: vlrkr-
jkg.;klkBh /keZ'kkGk o vkrk gkWVsygh vkgsr-

Jh iapkuu x.ks'k] iouh
Jh loZrksHknz] iouh
HkaMkjk ftYákrhy iSuxaxsP;k rhjkoj izkphu v'kk
iouh xkokr Jh iapkuukph izfr"Bkiuk >kyh vkgs- lqekjs
2300 rs 2500 o"kkZapk bfrgkl vlysys îouh* gs R;k
dkGkr ckS) /kehZ;kaps ifo= {ks= gksrs] gs bFks vlysY;k ckS)
Lrqikao:u fl) gksrs- ckS) izkFkZusr tks ^,dnar ukxiqjs* vlk
mYys[k vk<Grks] rks ;k iouh iapkuukpkp vkgs] vls
vH;kld ekurkr- rRdkyhu ckS)kaP;k izxr f'kYidyspk uequk
Eg.kts gh x.ks'kewrhZ gks;- gk x.kirh Eg.kts ikp izfrekapk
vlwu pkj fn'kkauk pkj o uS_R;sl ,d v'kk ikBhl ikB
Vsdowu gk ,dp iapkuu x.ks'k cuyk vkgs- gh ewrhZ nxMkph
ulwu ykdMkph vkgs- 'keh o`{kkoj izfrek dksj.;kr vkY;k
vkgsr-

eksBh iouh Eg.kwu vksG[kys tk.kkjs gs fBdk.k
HkaMkÚ;kP;k nf{k.ksl HkaMkÚ;kiklwu 47 fd-eh- rj ukxiwjiklwu
82 fd-eh- varjkoj vkgs- izkphu bfrgklkph lk{k ns.kkjs
xkokrys eB] eafnjs] iou jktkpk HkO; fdYyk] Lrqiko'ks"k]
n'kkorkj LraHk] HkXu ewrhZ ikgwu dks.ks ,ds dkGh gs vR;ar
izxr xko vlkos o jkT;dR;kZaps egRRokps Bk.ks vlkos] vls
okVrs- oSuxaxk fdukjh olysY;k ;k xkokph yksdla[;k lqekjs
rhl gtkj vkgs- ikSjkf.kd jktk iou ;kP;k ukoko:u ;k
xkokyk îouh* EgVys xsys- ;k fBdk.kh in~ekorh jk.khus jkT;
dsY;kus iwohZ ;k xkokyk în~ekorh* vls EgVys xsys- xkokyk
rhu cktwauh fHkar vlwu fBdfBdk.kh cq#t vkgsr-
b-l-iw- frljs rs ifgys 'krd Eg.kts ekS;Z&'kqaxdkyhu
HkO; Lrqikps vo'ks"k ;k xkoktoGhy gjnqykykph VsdMh]
pkaMdkiwj VsdMh] txékFk VsdMh ;k {ks=kr vk<Gys- [kjeq[kh
;{k] eqpflan ukx f'kYi] LrqikP;k lwP;k] nxMkaps ys[k;qDr
LraHk] czkãh fyihrhy ys[kkaps iqjkos v'kk xks"Vh dkgh
f'kYikalg vk<GY;k- ;kps mR[kuu iqjkrRRo rK dS- MkW-
'kkarkjke Hkkypanz nso ;kauh dsys gksrs o vgokygh izfl)
dsyk gksrk-
iouh gs ghu;ku iaFkkps vkjk/kuk dsanz gksrs- v'kksdkP;k
dkGkr rs oSHko'kkyh cuys- lezkV v'kksdkus ;sFks dkgh dkG
okLrO; dsys- vkiyh eqyxh la?kfe=k fgyk R;kus ;sFkwup
Jhyadsyk ikBoys- nqlÚ;k mR[kuukr b-l-iw- ifgY;k
'krdkryk {k=idqekj :ihvEekpk LraHkys[k vk<Gyk- rks
vkrk ukxiwjP;k oLrwlaxzgky;kr vkgs- :ihvEek gk dq"kk.kkpk
{k=i gksrk- R;kyk lkrokgu lezkV xkSrehiq= lkrd.khZus ijkHkwr
dsys- ;k ;q)kuarj R;kus ukf'kd ;sFkhy xqgkys[kkr ^csukVd
Lokeh* vls Lor%yk lacks/kys- b-l- 1994 e/;s Hkkjrh;
iqjk.koLrw la'kks/ku foHkkxkps MkW- vejsanzukFk ;kaP;k usr`Rok[kkyh
mR[kuu >kys- ;kr b-l-iw- 1500 i;Zarpk bfrgkl miyC/k
dj.kkjs lksU;kps vyadkj] rkaC;kph HkkaMh] ik;Ú;k vlysY;k
fofgjh vk<GY;k- ,d ds'kfoU;kl dj.kkjh efgysph ewrhZ
vk<Gyh- vjc ns'kka'kh O;kikj >kysY;k oLrw vk<GY;k- MkW-
fejk'kh ;kauk gjnksyk VsdMhP;k if'pesl mR[kuukr jktk
HkxnRr ;kapk f'kykys[k lkiMyk- MkW- vejsanz ;kaP;k ers
iouhbrdk izkphu] HkDde] lqjf{kr o vHkax fdYyk egkjk"Vªkr
ukgh- vjsfc;u nxMkao:u iouhpk leqnz ekxsZ vjc ns'kka'kh
O;kikj gksrk] gs fl) djrs rj gkMkaiklwu cufoysY;k lq;k
2300 o"kkZaiwohZ gs {ks= fo.kdkekr fuiq.k gksrs] gs n'kZforkr-
iouhoj ekS;Z] 'kaqx] lkrokgu] flfFk;u] iqUgk
lkrokgu] okdkVd] eqlyeku /kehZ;] xksaM] Hkkslys vkf.k
v[ksj baxztkauh jkT; dsys- ;k dkGkrp ;knokaps jkT; 1318
e/;s y;kyk xsY;koj nsoxMP;k xoGh jktkauh lRrk izLFkkfir
dsyh- ;kuarj pka|kP;k xksaM jktkauh gk izns'k ftadyk- b-l-
1739 e/;s ukxiwjP;k j?kwth Hkkslys ;kauh iouhpk izns'k
oyh'kkg ;k xksaM jktkpk ijkHko d:u ftadyk- R;kauh
rqGtksjkeiar ;k ljnkjkyk iouhr cankscLrklkBh Bsoys- R;kaps
oa'kt rqGk.kdj iouhr vktgh vkgsr-
iouhps jkT;drsZ cnyr xsys rjh iouhoj bZ'ojkpk
ojngLr vlY;keqGs bFkys lkaLÑfrd vo'ks"k fVdwu vkgsr]
v'kh tquh eaMGh lkaxrkr- b-l- 1817&18 P;k njE;ku
isa<kÚ;kauh rhu vkØe.ks iouhoj dsyh- nksunk iouhdjkauh
ijkHko LohdkjY;koj frlÚ;kank loZ yksdkauh ,dtqVhus R;kauk
fiVkGwu ykoys- iq<s 25 lIVsacj 1818 yk estj foYlu
;kaP;k usr`Rokr fczfV'k QkStkauh HkkslY;kapk ikMko d:u iouh
gLrxr dsyh-
HkaMkjk ftYákrhy iouh eksBs xko vlY;kus b-l-
1867 e/;s ftYákr uxjikfydspk ifgyk eku feGkyk-
1860 e/;s ;k xkokph la[;k gksrh 60000- vkt brD;k
o"kkZauarj rh fdrhrjh iVhus vf/kd Ogk;yk goh gksrh( i.k rh
vkt vkgs 30000- txkr dqBsp yksdla[;k deh gksr
ulrkuk iouhr ek= rh deh >kyh-
iouhe/;s vktgh js'khedkBh oL=s pkaxyh r;kj
gksrkr-iwohZgh rh gksr vlkoh-

ukxiwj fdaok HkaMkÚ;ko:u ;srkuk iouhe/;s f'kjrsosGh
MkohdMs ,d HkO; izos'k}kj vkgs- gk fdYY;kpk njoktkp
gks;- fdYY;kph ,d fHkar vkf.k frP;k ik;F;k'kh vlysyk
ryko vkiys y{k os/kwu ?ksrkr- R;krwu vkr f'kjY;koj yxspp
mtO;k gkrkyk ,d HkO; vMhp'ks o"kkZaiwohZph x.ks'kkph izfrek
vlysys eafnj jLR;kyk ykxwup vkgs- vkiY;kyk {k.kHkj okVrs
dh v"Vfouk;dkae/khy Jh loZrksHknz fdaok Jh iapkuu gkp rj
uOgs\ i.k ukgh] pkSd'kh djrk dGrs dh ;sFkwu MkohdMpk
jLrk ?ksÅu Eg.kts ljG ;k eafnjkP;k izos'k}kjkiq<wu fo#)
fn'ksus fu?kk;ps vkf.k lqekjs nhM fd-eh- tk;ps- frFks HkVkapk
x.kirh Eg.kwu tks x.kirh vksG[kyk tkrks] rks ^Jh iapkuu*
gks;-
frFks ikspY;koj rs eafnj vkgs dh dq.kkps tqus ?kj
vlk iz'u iMrks- xnhZ Eg.kwu dks.khp ukgh- cjspnk dqywi
ykoysys- ex R;k iqjkru okLrwr f'kj.;klkBh leksjp
jkg.kkÚ;k HkVkadMwu fdYyh ?;k;ph vkf.k vkr izos'k djk;pk-
lqekjs nhM'ks o"kkZaiklwu ;k izfresP;k iwtukps vf/kdkj
R;kaP;kdMs vkgsr-
gk x.kirh v"Vfouk;dkar eksMrks] ;koj fo'okl
clr ukgh- i.k vkr f'k:u ewrhZ U;kgkGY;koj rh izkphu
vlwu loZrksHknz v'kh vkgs] gs y{kkr vkY;koj vkf.k ;k
'kgjkph izkphurk MksGîkkaiq<s mHkh dsY;koj fo'okl Bsokok
ykxrks-
gh dkSyk: ?kqeVh 20&25 QwV ykac o 10&15 QwV
#an vkgs- ?kjkizek.ks Hkklrs- oj ykdMh ikVîkk vkgsr- iwohZ frFks
ekGk vlkok- jLR;kyk ykxwu ;k okLrwpk njoktk if'pesdMs
vkgs- vkr f'kjY;koj mtohdMs xHkZx`g vkgs- R;kph izos'kfn'kk
mRrjsdMs ;srs- xHkZx`gkr e/;Hkkxh Jhx.ks'kLraHk ¼Jhx.ks'kewrhZ½
vlwu lHkksorky iznf{k.kkiFk vkgs- gk pkSdksuh LraHk 4 QwV 3
bap map R;kph tkMh 2 ck; 2 QqVkph vkgs- R;koj Jh x.ks'k
vadu dsys vkgs- pkjgh fn'kkauk lkj[ks varj lksMwu gh
iapkuukph ewrhZ vkgs- fryk loZ cktwauh n'kZu ?ksrk ;srs]
U;kgkGrk ;srs- Eg.kwup fryk ^loZrksHknz* vls EgVys tkrs-
ijes'oj gk loZ fn'kkauk ikgr vlrks] gh ladYiuk R;kekxs
vlrs- v'kk izfrek izkphu vlrkr- ;k izfresyk pkj fn'kkalg
ok;O; fn'kslgh ,d x.ks'keq[k vkgs- ;k izfresP;k Hkqtk Li"V
ukghr- Hkkyizns'k] 'kqaM] 'kwiZd.kZ] yacksnj Li"V fnlrkr- Jh
iapkuukps ok;O;eq[k fdafpr tksMkoj vlwu R;ke/;s d.kZPNsn
jpuk lk/kysyh fnlrs- cka/kdkekP;k mR[kuukr vk<Gysyh
vxnh v'khp loZrksHknz ewrhZ vkeP;k dGacP;k Jh fparke.kh
eafnjkr izos'k djrkuk [kkyh ik;Ú;k mrj.;kiwohZ mtohdMs
Bsoyh vkgs] ek= rh ik"kk.kkph vkgs vkf.k fryk prqeZq[kh
x.ks'k Eg.krkr-

nsoGkr MkohdMs ,d xok{k vkgs- R;krwu lw;Zizdk'k
;srks- ;k okMhr ,d nxMh n'kkorkj pkSdksuh LraHk vlwu
R;koj pkjgh cktwauh n'kkorkj fganwfeFkd Eg.kts Jko.k ckG]
vtqZu] nsork bR;knh dksjysY;k vkgsr- gk LraHk lqekjs
ikp&lgk'ks o"kkZaiwohZpk vlkok- vls yks[kaMh dkacsus tksMysys
vusd LraHk iouhr vk<Grkr-
;sFks ,d dFkk v'kh lkafxryh tkrs dh ,d 8&10
o"kkZaph eqyxh iwtk djhr vlrkuk ,d ukx R;k cksGhlkj[;k
izos'k}kjkrwu vkr f'kjyk- eqyxh ?kkc:u fdapkGyh- xkHkkjk
ygkulk vlY;kus fryk okpok;yk tk;ps rj izos'k}kjkrwup
tkos ykx.kkj gksrs- rsOgk yksdkauh eafnjkrhy rs xok{k QksMys
vkf.k eqyhyk ckgsj vks<ys- xkodÚ;kauh J)siksVh frP;k gkrwu
prqFkhZyk dkgh pwd >kyh vl.kkj] vlk rdZ dk<yk- tjk
osGkus ukxjkt njoktkrwu >qMikr fu?kwu xsys-
ukxjkt ;s.;kiqjrh gh dFkk ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh- dkj.k
dkSyk: lHkkeaMikleksj nsoGkph FkksMh'kh vkslkM tkxk vlwu
vxnh >kMk>qMikapk ilkjk ok<ysyk vkgs-

xkokr dkgh iqjkru eafnjs] f'koeafnjs] fdYyk rVcanh]
eB] Hkkslysdkyhu nsoky;] nRrkorkj Jh oklqnsokuan ljLorh
;kauh pkrqekZl O;rhr dsyk rs ifo= LFkG] xknh]
fxjh&xkslkO;kaP;k lek/;k oxSjs vkgsrp- ;k Jh iapkuu
eafnjkP;k v/kkZ fd-eh- varjkoj iq<s oSuxaxk unhps ik= vkgs-
frFksgh ,dk nsoGkr Jh x.ks'k izfrek vkgs-
iouhP;k ckgsj mRrjsdMs ikp fd-eh-oj dksjach ukokps
ouoklh xko vkgs- rsFks dkgh nxMh 'kSykJ; vkgsr- vkt rsFks
f'ko eafnj vkgs- frFks ek.klkaph ;s&tk vlrs- ek= iq<s taxy
vlwu R;kr fxjhtkckbZpk egky fdaok lhrspk egky fdaok
ikoZrh Hkq;kj ;k ukokph nksu 'kSykJ;s vkgsr- MksaxjkP;k
[kMdkrwu rh dks:u dk<yh vlwu ,dk xqaQse/;s e/;Hkkxh
LraHk vkgs- nqljh baxzth ^Vh* vkdkjkph vlwu R;k xqaQsr taxyh
izk.;kaP;k eyeq=kpk okl ;srks- R;keqGs gk Hkkx vfr'k;
/kksdknk;d letyk tkrks- ;k xqaQk Eg.kts fonHkkZrhy
egkik"kk.k ;qxkrhy yksdkaph nQuLFkGa fdaok vfLFkdqaHk LFkGa
vlkohr] vls er Jh-ds- fprGs ;kauh ekaMys vkgs-
'ksoVh ,o<sp Eg.kkosls okVrs] brj Jh x.ks'k
LFkkukaiSdh gs LFkku iw.kZr% vfodflr vkgs- ;sFks HkDrkaph
dqByhp xnhZ ulrs- R;kekxph dkj.ks usedh lkaxrk ;s.kkj ukgh-
vkt FkksMîkkQkj VkbZYl oxSjs ykowu xkHkkjk uohure dj.;kr
vkyk vkgs- ek= iouh 'kgjkizek.ks izkphursP;k ;k eafnjkP;k
[kq.kk frrD;k'kk bfrgklkP;k ikukaoj uewn ukghr-

Jh ojnfouk;d] xojkGk]
Hknzkorh ¼Hkkand½
ukxiwj vFkok HkaMkjk&iouho:u ;srkuk panziwj
ftYákrhy ojksjk&panziwj ekxkZoj Hknzkorh gs izkphu] ,sfrgkfld
vkf.k /kkfeZd Bsok vlysys ygkuls uxj vkgs- ukxiwjiklwu
125 fd-eh- rj panziwjo:u ukxiwj fn'ksus 26 fd-eh-oj rs
fLFkr vkgs- iouh rs Hknzkorh lqekjs 120 fd-eh- varj vkgs-
oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkaiSdh ojnfouk;dkdfjrkp rs izfl) vkgs]
vls ukgh rj izkphu Jh Hknzukx eafnj] Jh ik'oZukFk tSu eafnj]
fotklu ys.;k ;kadfjrkgh izfl) vkgs-
;k xkokr izos'k djrkuk ,d eq[; jLrk nf{k.ksdMs
tkrks- R;k jLR;koj lkMsrhu fd-eh- varjkoj xojkGk gs iwohZps
xko vkf.k vkrk Hknzkorhe/;sp ^x.kirh okMZ* ;k ukokus
lekfo"V >kysyk ifjlj vkgs- frFks ,d NksVh VsdMh vkgs- R;k
VsdMhoj gs izkphu ojnfouk;dkps eafnj vkgs- ;sFkwu ^Hkkand*
jsYos LVs'ku vxnh v/kkZ fd-eh- oj vkgs- loZ iWlsatj xkMîkk o
dkgh ,DLiszl xkMîkk ;sFks Fkkacrkr- Hkkand ;sFks vk;q/kfuekZ.kh
Eg.ktsp fMQsUl QWDVjh vlY;kus lSU;k'kh lacaf/kr vusd
vf/kdkjh] deZpkjh ;sr vlrkr-
loZ prqFkhZ vkf.k l.kklqnhauk ;k eafnjkr eksBh xnhZ

vlrs- ,joh Qkjls HkDr ;sFks fnlr ukghr-

ewG uko ^Hknzkorh* vlysY;k ;k xkokps ukedj.k
^Hkkand* vls baxztkaP;k dkGkr >kys vlkos- izkphu uko Hknzd]
Hknzdiwj uarj Hkkud] Hkkand vls viHkzaf"kr :i >kys-
fpuh izoklh áw&,u&Rlax gk b-l- 648 lkyh bFks
vkyk gksrk- ;k xkokr vusd eafnjs] izkphu ewR;kZ] HkXu
vo'ks"k] f'kYi] nxMh LraHk] f'kykys[k vktgh vk<Grkr- ek=
rs dqBsgh xkoHkj fo[kqjys vkgsr- R;krhy fdrh pksjh xsys
vlrhy lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- vktgh R;kaP;k laj{k.kkFkZ dks.kh
ikoys mpyrkuk fnlr ukgh- ek= dks.ks ,ds dkGh gh uxjh
Qkj oSHko'kkyh o izfl) vlkoh] gs uDdh-
eafnj T;k VsdMhoj vkgs] rh xkbZauk pj.;klkBh
vlysyh tkxk gksrh- R;keqGs ;k ifjljkyk ^xojkGk* gs uko
iMys- dY;k.kpk mRrj pkyqD; lezkV lgkok foØekfnR;
f=HkwoeYy ;kaP;k vaeykr gk Hkkx gksrk- oklqnso uked
naMuk;d ;k vf/kdkÚ;kus gs {ks= xkbZauk pj.;klkBh [kqys dsys-
ifjljkr ,d laLÑrfefJr ejkBh f'kykys[k vkgs- R;kuqlkj ;k
tfeuhoj lnSo xkbZp pjY;k ikfgtsr- ;kpk nq#i;ksx
dj.kkÚ;koj nsokpk dksi gksbZy vkf.k xkbZaph dRry dj.kkÚ;kauk
dqaHkhikd ujdkr tkos ykxsy] v'kk vk'k;kpk etdwj vdjk
vksGhr dksjyk vkgs-
Jh fparke.kh dGac {ks=h th dFkkuds lkafxryh
tkrkr] R;kryhp ,d dFkk ;sFksgh lkafxryh tkrs-

x`Rlen ukokps _"kh eqdqank uked _"khdU;k o banz
;kaP;k laca/kkrwu tUekyk vkys gksrs- iq<s eksBs >kY;koj rs
osn'kkL=krgh ikjaxr >kys vkf.k ekU;rk ikoys- ,ds fno'kh
ex/k jktkP;k ?kjh Jk)klkBh vusd _"kh teys gksrs- R;kr
x`Rlen _"khgh gksrs- rsFks v=h _"khauh R;kapk ^rw vkSjliq= ulwu
tkjl vkgs* vls Eg.kwu vieku dsyk- x`Rlenkauk rs 'kCn
ykxys- R;kauh ?kjh ;sÅu ekrk eqdaqnsyk lR; fopkjys- eqdqansus
loZ gdhdr lR; lkafxryh- rs ,sdwu x`Rlen nq%[kh >kys-
R;kauh Jh x.ks'kkph mxz vkjk/kuk dsyh- x.ks'k izlé >kys- ^Jh
x.ks'kk] rw eyk czkã.kkis{kk Js"B vlk czãosRrk dj* vlk oj
ekfxryk- x.ks'kkus R;kauk czkã.; fnys- ea=nz"Vkgh dsys-
x`Rlenkauh T;k iq"id oukr ri'p;kZ dsyh] rsFksp R;kauh
ojizkIrhuarj ôjnfouk;dk*ph LFkkiuk dsyh- rs iq"idou
Eg.kts vktps Hknzkorh o gh rhp ewrhZ gks;] vls lkafxrys
tkrs-
x`Rlen _"khauh dsysY;k ;kpusr EgVys vkgs dh] ^gs
fo?ugR;kZ] xtkuuk] dfy;qxkr Hknzd ukokP;k ;k xkoh
HkDrkauh ;kos- dqaMkr Lukuknh vkfUgd d:u nku fnY;kus R;k
HkDrkP;k loZ bPNk iw.kZ gksrhy-* vls gs izkphu mYys[k
vl.kkjs Hknzkorh vkgs-
egkHkkjr ;q)ksRrj xks= gR;seqGs ;qf/kf"Bj vR;ar nq%[kh
>kyk gksrk- Jh O;klkauk R;kus ;krwu eqDrhpk ekxZ fopkjyk]
rsOgk O;klkauh lkafxrys] ^Hknzkorhiqjhr ;kSouk'o ukokP;k
ohjkdMwu ,dk v'okps j{k.k gksr vkgs- R;kpk ijkHko d:u
rsFkhy rhFkkZr iki{kkyukFkZ Luku dj Eg.kts rw ikieqDr
gks'khy-* ¼^tSfeuh; v'oes/k*&v/;k; 1] 'yksd 3 o 13½
;qf/kf"Bjkus iaMwiq= Hkhe] ?kVksRdpiq= es?ko.kZ] o`"kdsrw
;kaP;klg ;kSouk'okoj gYyk dsyk- R;kpk ijkHko d:u v'o
lksMoyk-
R;kr ;kSouk'o o Hknzkorh gh ukos tjh tqGr vlyh
rjh vktP;k Hknzkorhr vkf.k egkHkkjr {ks=kr] banzizLFkkr cjssp
varj vkgs-
;kSouk'o jktkyk viR; ulY;kus R;kus iRuh
izHkkorhlg 'kadjkph vkjk/kuk dsyh- iq=izkIrhlkBh uol
cksyyk- uarj jktkyk dU;kizkIrh >kyh- frps uko ^Hknzkorh*
Bsoys xsys- R;ko:u ;k 'kgjkyk Hknzkorh EgVys xsys vlkos]
v'kh vk[;kf;dk vkgs-
x.ks'kiqjk.kkr ¼mikluk [kaM] v/;k; 37½ Hkkandpk
^Hknzd* vlk mYys[k vkgs- dkslyP;k lkseoa'kh vFkok
ikaMwoa'kh; mn;u jktkus ikpO;k 'krdkr Hknzs'ojkph LFkkiuk
dsyh gksrh- R;ko:u ^Hknzd* gs uko iMys( i.k rs :< >kys
ukgh-
Hknzkorhyk Ñr;qxkr îq"idiwj*] =srk;qxkr êf.kiwj*]
}kikj;qxkr ^Hkkud* vkf.k dyh;qxkr ^Hknzd* EgVys xsys-
Hkkudpk viHkza'k ^Hkkand* vlk >kyk- ;sFks Hknzlsu jktk gksrk
rlsp panzxqIr ekS;kZpk Hknzckgw xq: ;sFks vlY;kus ^Hknzkorh* gs
uko iMys vlkos- ek= Hkkand gs izkphu 'kgj vlys rjh rs
iqjk.kkrhy ^Hknzkorh* ulkos vls vusd vH;kld ekurkr-
vkt Hkkand] fotklu] xojkGk] lqeBk.kk] fpapksMhZ vkf.k
fMQsUl ,fj;k ,o<kp ifjlj Hkkandpk vkgs- panziwjP;k
bfrgklkr Mksdkorkuk y{kkr ;srs dh in~ekorhpk jktk panzgkL;
}kikj;qxkr jkT; djhr gksrk- dfy;qxkP;k izkjaHkh R;kus
dkSrydiwj ;k jkt/kkuhpk R;kx d:u uohu jkt/kkuh olfoyh-
panzgkL; ukoko:u ^panziwj* uko iMys vlkos- panzgkL;kps jkT;
vkf.k oa'k uk'k >kY;koj iksokj] cksdkus] xksydj ekaMfyd
jkts >kys- R;kapsgh jkT; u"V >kY;koj panziwj jkt/kkuh mtkM
o taxye; >kyh vkf.k nh?kZ dkGkuarj ;k ifjljkr ^Hknzkorh*
gh uohu jkt/kkuh mn;kl vkyh-
panziwj ftYákrhy Hknzkorh gs xko 1981 e/;s rkyqdk
>kys vkf.k R;kyk 1997 e/;s uxj ifj"knspk ntkZ izkIr >kyk-
iwohZ Hknzkorh Hknz ukxkaP;k jkt/kkuhps 'kgj gksrs-
jkek;.k dkGkr gk ifjlj îq"id ou* Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkr
vls o ;k oukrp x`Rlen _"khaps okLrO; gksrs-

b-l- 1104 e/;s gh ewrhZ xolyh] vls ekurkr-
iwohZ frFks iw.kZ taxy gksrs- vxnh rhl o"kkZaiwohZi;Zar gk Hkkx
taxykpk o vfodflr gksrk- vkluLFk vlysyk gk prqHkwZt
x.kirh vlwu dkght.k R;kyk dsoG nksup gkr vlY;kps
ekurkr- ewrhZ tfeuhiklwu toGikl 6 QwV ¼5 QwV 9 bap½
map vlwu ewrhZph lksaM MkohdMs vkgs- 'ksanwj eksBîkk izek.kkoj
vlY;kus izfresps ewG Lo:i y{kkr ;sr ukgh-
ewrhZP;k MkO;k gkrh eksnd vlkok- mtO;k gkrkr
chtiwjd vkgs- ojP;k nksu gkrkr ij'kw o vadq'k vlkok-
Mkok ik; nqeMysyk vlwu mtO;k ik;ktoG ew"kd vlkok-
ojnfouk;dkps :i dkghls jkSnz okVrs- us= 'kwU;kr
vlY;klkj[ks Hkklrkr- Hkkyizns'k eksBk vkgs- 'kwiZd.kZ] yacksnj
vl.kkÚ;k ;k ewrhZP;k iksVkl lqekjs 50 o"kkZaiwohZ pksjhP;k
mís'kkus dks.khrjh btk ikspfoyh vkgs- iksVkr dkgh /ku vlkos]
;k vk'ksus dq.;k pksjkus iksV QksMys gksrs- HkDrkauh MkxMqth
d:u rs iwoZor dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs-
ewrhZ brdh HkO; vkgs dh vki.k ,d= n'kZu ?ksÅp
'kdr ukgh- xkHkkjk ygku vlY;kus QksVksgh iw.kZ ;sr ukgh-
nksu&rhu dksukarwu QksVks ?ksrY;kojp R;kph dYiuk ;srs-
Hkq;kjkizek.ks gk xkHkkjk vkgs- 3 QwV [kkyh mrjkos ykxrs- vkr
va/kkjgh vlrks- njoktkgh ygku vkgs- gh i)r vR;ar izkphu
vkgs-
ojnfouk;dklkscr xHkZx`gkr f'kokph fiaM o
mekegs'ojkph lqanj v'kh ewrhZgh vkgs- ;knodkyhu dkgh HkXu
izfrekgh vkgsr-
gs nsoky; rhu Hkkxkr vlwu rG?kj] lHkkeaMi o
ewG xHkZx`g vls rhu d{k tk.korkr- ifjljkr vksVs dsysys
vlwu R;koj HkDr clwu ifjlj U;kgkGw 'kdrkr-
eafnjkP;k iq<îkkr ykxwup 16 nxMh [kkackapk

;kSouk'okpk egky vkgs- gk egky gsekMiaFkh LFkkiR; vkgs-
ek= osGksosGh R;kr nq#LR;k >kY;kus ewG Lo:i jkfgys ukgh-
vkt gk egky Eg.kts ojnfouk;dkpk lHkkeaMi Eg.kwu jkfgyk
vkgs- ;sFks vlysY;k f'kykys[kko:u 1104 e/;s pkyqD; jktk
lgkok foØekfnR; ;kus rks cka/kyk vlkok- HkDr eaMGh ;kph
izkphurk egkHkkjr dkGki;Zar usrkr- rh dFkk dFkkudkP;k
Hkkxkr fnysyh vkgs- vkt gk egky flesaV ØkWfUØVP;k
lHkkeaMikr ijkofrZr dsyk vkgs- gk lHkkeaMi izkphu dkGh
u`R;eaMi vlkok- lHkkeaMikP;k iwosZl ,d ?kqeVh vlwu rh
gsekMiaFkh vkgs-
egkykP;k mRrjsl tks f'kykys[k vkgs] rks b-l-

1104 e/khy ;knojktk dkUghjnso ;knokpk vlkok- R;kosGh
fonHkkZr pkyqD; jktk lgkok foØekfnR; jkT; djhr gksrk-
rlsp xkokP;k iwosZl vlysY;k ekdZ.MîkkP;k eafnjktoG
dkUghjnso jktkP;k dkGkrhy ;qojkt jkensokpk ys[k vkgs-
R;ko:u gs nsoLFkku ;knodkyhu vlkos] vls okVrs- ;kp
vk'k;kph ers ^panziwjpk bfrgkl* fyfg.kkjs v-t- jktwjdj o
bfrgkl la'kks/kd Jh-ds- fprGs ;kauh ekaMyh vkgsr- ;kSouk'o
gk pkyqD;kpk vf/kdkjh vlkok o yksdfiz; vlkok] R;kus gs
eafnj uarj cka/kys vlkos fdaok th.kksZ)kj dsyk vlkok R;keqGs
;k egkykps ukedj.k ;kSouk'o >kys vlkos-
eafnjkP;k lHkkx`gkr oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkaph eksBîkk
vkdkjkph Nk;kfp=s o ukos ykoysyh vkgsr- HknzkorhP;k
ojnfouk;dklanHkkZr x`Rlenkph dgk.khgh ¶ysDloj vkgs-
NksVîkk VsdMhojhy ;k eafnjkP;k ik;Ú;k p<rkuk

euq";kÑrh nksu izfrek vkgsr- R;k }kjikykizek.ks ekxkZoj mH;k
vkgsr- R;krhy ,d Jh fo".kwaph eqdqV /kkj.k dsysyh izfrek
vlkoh- MkO;k gkrkr xnk vlwu mtok gkr HkXu >kysyk
vkgs- brj nksu gkr rqVys vkgsr- nqljh izfrek ;{kk'kh
toGhdrk nk[kors- dkgh vH;kldkaP;k ers R;k 6 QwV
maphP;k t;&fot; ;kaP;k dksjysY;k izfrek vkgsr-

p<rkuk mtO;k cktwl ,dk Hkq;kjklkj[;k tkxsr 10
ck; 8 QqVkps ,d 'kSykJ; fnlrs- R;kr dkgh izfrek vkgsr-
R;kr f=foØe] dsoyu`flag] f'kofyax] 'k;uewrhZ Hkwojkg ;kapk
lekos'k vkgs- dkgh vH;kldkaP;k ers ;k Hkq;kjkrhy ewrhZ
ojkgfo".kwP;k vkgsr-
eafnj O;oLFkkiu lferhus ikd'kkGsph O;oLFkk dsyh
vkgs( ijarq dk;ZØkdfjrk rh viqjh Bjrs- f'kok; HkDrfuokl
rlsp LoPNrkx`gkpk vHkko vkgs-
eafnjkpk ifjlj je.kh; fulxZlkfé/;kpk vkgs-
eafnjkP;k lHkkeaMikrwu iwosZdMs ikfgY;kl iz'kLr vkluk ryko
vkgs- eafnjkP;k ekxs map VsdMîkk vlwu ikolkGîkkr R;k
fgjO;kxkj ouJhus uVysY;k fnlrkr-
iwohZ eafnjkP;k xkHkkÚ;kyk NksVsls fNnz gksrs- R;krwup
frdMs xsysys HkDr ;k ewrhZps n'kZu ?ksr- dkykarjkus baxGs
ukokps LVs'ku ekLrj frFks vkys- R;kauh ;k x.kirhyk uol
cksyyk- R;kaph euksdkeuk iw.kZ >kY;koj R;kauh rh fHkar rksMwu
R;k eafnjklkBh izos'k fuekZ.k dsyk- R;kosGh ewrhZ vkMoh
iMysyh gksrh- rh ljG d:u uhV clfoyh- iq<s iq.;kP;k [kjs
o rkjdqaMs daiuhus gs eafnj uhV cka/kwu fnys] vls lkaxrkr-
dkgh o"kkZaiwohZi;Zar ;k x.kirhph ekydh v..kkth
ns'kikaMs ;kaP;kdMs gksrh- vkrk fo'oLr eaMG vkgs- njo"khZ ikS"k
efgU;krhy lad"Vh prqFkhZyk 50 tksMih clowu vfHk"ksd dsyk
tkrks- R;klkBh cktwyk vksVk cka/kyk vkgs- xnhZ ulY;keqGs ;sFks
fHkdkÚ;kapk =kl ukgh-

Hknzkorhe/;s fotklu ;k rhu iqMkaP;k ys.;kar
pafMdk] HkSjo o ukFklaiznk;h f'koizfrek vkgsr- ys.;kaP;k
'ksoVh Hkxoku rFkkxrkph ewrhZ dks:u dk<ysyh fnlrs-
foosdkuan 'kkGsP;k izkax.kkr eksBeksBs izkphu LraHk
vkgsr- xkokr ,d rVcanh;qDr okMk vkgs- fdYY;kizek.ks
Hkkl.kkÚ;k ;k okMîkkP;k pkoMhr vusd nxMh ewR;kZ vkgsr-
R;kr dqcsj] xkSjhgj] cyjke] u`R;x.ks'k] czãk] nqxkZ] dkyHkSjo
;kapk lekos'k vkgs-
xkokrhy HkO; uVs'ojkph fgj.;d';iw funkZyu ewrhZ]
u`R;kr csQke >kysyh i.k eLrd ulysyh f'koewrhZ] [kkyP;k
cktwl u`R; ikg.kkjs x.ks'k vkf.k ekrk ikoZrh] cktwyk gRrhoj
vk:< banz ;k ewR;kZ ok[kk.k.;ktksX;k vkgsr-
tSukaps Jh ik'oZukFk eafnj] ojnfouk;dkP;k ik;F;k'kh
dkSyk: nsoeBkrhy ewR;kZ o HkXu vo'ks"k] uO;kus >kysys
guqeku eafnj ikg.;klkj[ks vkgss-
tSukaps Jh ds'kfj;k ik'oZukFk eafnj

b-l- 1900 P;k njE;ku panziwjP;k LdkWfV'k
fe'kujhph iknjh eaMGh taxykr fQjrkuk R;kauk pafMdk nsohps
eafnj izFke fnlys- dkgh varjkoj Jh ik'oZukFkkph v/kZoV
tfeuhr] v/kZoV ckgsj v'kh ewrhZ fnlyh- R;kauh 'osrkacj tSu
lferh vkf.k iqjk.koLrw la'kks/ku foHkkxkyk ekfgrh fnyh vkf.k
rRdkyhu 'kklukus rs lajf{kr Lekjd dsys-

Jh eksguyky >osjh ;kaP;k îzxV ik'oZukFk*
iqLrdkuqlkj ,d ekfgrh v'kh lkafxryh tkrs dh]
vdksY;ktoGhy f'kjiwj xkokr varfj{k ik'oZukFk eafnj vkgs-
Jh- prqHkwZt gs R;kps b-l- 1900 P;k njE;ku O;oLFkkid
gksrs- R;kauk LoIu iMys- R;kr rs taxykr fQjr vlrk eksBk
dkGk ukx R;kaP;k ekxs ykxyk- rks fiPNk lksMsuk rsOgk R;kauh
R;kP;kiq<s gkr tksMys rsOgk ukxkus ekxs oGwu ikg.;kl
lkafxrys- prqHkqZtkus ekxs cf?krys vkf.k R;kyk lqna j uxj o
R;kr if'peeq[kh ik'oZukFkkph ewrhZ fnlyh- ukxjkt Eg.kkys]
^gsp rs Jh ds'kfj;k ik'oZukFk izHkwaps rhFkZLFkG & Hknzkorh gks;-
;k rhFkkZpk mn~/kkj dj-*
prqHkqZtkus Hknzkorh xkBys vkf.k rsFks [kjks[kj pafMdk
eafnjktoG 6 QwV maphph MksD;koj ukxkpk fo'kky Q.kk
vlysyh izHkwik'oZukFkkph ewrhZ lkiMyh- rh v/kZin~eklukr
ds'kfj;k okyqdke; nxMkph gksrh- R;keqGs ;k nsorsyk
^ds'kfj;k ik'oZukFk Lokeh* gs uko iMys-
gh ewrhZ 2300 o"kkZaiwohZph vlkoh- ewrhZP;k
MksD;kojhy lIrQ.kk ukxkyk ikgwu ukxnsork vlsgh lacks/kys
xsys- panziwj iz'kklukus R;k dkGkr eafnjklkBh 50 iSls ,djkus
21 ,dj tkxk fnyh vkf.k 1912 iklwu th.kksZ)kj lq: >kyk-
tqU;k eafnjkauk rMs xsY;kus 2013 e/;s ijr tSu lar
eaMGhaP;k gLrs ewR;kZaph uohu eafnjkr izk.kizfr"Bk dsyh xsyh-
vkt gs eafnj vfr'k; lqanj vls >kys vkgs- jktLFkkuh nxM]
laxejoj vkf.k ,dw.kp iz'kLr vls LFkkiR; ikg.;klkj[ks
>kys vkgs- ;sFks jkg.;kphgh lks; vkgs-

Hknsz'oj
Hknzkorhyk HkDr eaMGh ;srkr rh eq[;Rosd:u
Hknzs'oj vkf.k HknzukxkP;k n'kZukdfjrk- Hknzs'ojko:u Hkkandps
uko ^Hknzd* vls iMys] vls lkafxrys tkrs- ukxiwj&panziwj ;k
eq[; ekxkZus Hknzkorhe/;s izos'k dsY;kuarj nf{k.ksl jsYos
LVs'kuP;k fn'ksus fdaok xojkGk ekxkZoj pkj QykZaxkoj MkO;k
cktwl Hknzs'ojkps izkphu eafnj vkgs- áw&,u&Rlax gk fpuh
izoklh lkrO;k 'krdkP;k iwokZ/kkZr dkSly ;k=sl vkyk rsOgk
dkSlyoj lkseoa'kh egkf'koxqIr ckyktwZu jktk b-l- 595 rs
655 i;Zar jkT; djhr gksrk- dkSlyph mijkt/kkuh panziwjP;k
mRrjsl 26 fd-eh- oj vlysys Hkkand gks;- ;k egkf'koxqIrkus
Hkkand ;sFkhy fdYyk cka/kyk vlkok- ;kp oa'kkpk ifgyk jktk
mn;u ;kus b-l- 480 rs 500 P;k njE;ku ;sFks Hknzs'ojkph
LFkkiuk dsyh-
Hknzs'ojkps eafnj gs egknsokps vlwu dkykarjkus fiaM
u"V >kyh] unhus izokg cnyyk vlkok fdaok rh u"V >kyh
vlkoh- oSjkxMP;k ukxoa'kh;kaps jkT; nf{k.k if'pesl
Hkkandi;Zar gksrs- uarj ukxoa'kh; ekuk jktkaiSdh ,[kk|kus fdaok
ukxjktkaP;k iszj.ksus ;k iMD;k nsoGkpk th.kksZ)kj >kyk vlkok
vkf.k rsFks ukxnsorsph vFkkZr Hknzukxkph LFkkiuk dsyh vlkoh-
gk dkG uoO;k 'krdkP;k vkliklpk vlkok-
ojksjk&fpewj ekxkZoj 'ksxkoo:u lkyksjh xkokiklwu

mRrjsl 3 fd-eh-oj HkVkGk xko vkgs- frFks ,dk rykokP;k
dkBkoj egknsokps] ,dk cktwl Hkokuhps] xkokckgsj nxMkus
cka/kysys f'koeafnj vkgs- f'koeafnjkr ikp QwV maphph HkO;
f'kofiaM vkgs- gs fBdk.k Jh Hknzukx Lokehaps ewG okLrO;kps
fBdk.k gks;- uarj rs Hknzkorhl LFkkukié >kys- R;kaph
iwokZfHkeq[kh Lo;aHkw ewrhZ ;k HknzkorhP;k mRrjeq[kh eafnjkr vkgs-
Hkkfodkauk ckgs:u eq[kn'kZukdfjrk izkphu dkGkiklwu ,d
f[kMdh vkgs- ldkGps ifgys lw;Zfdj.k FksV ewrhZoj iMrkr- gs
eafnj gsekMiaFkh vlwu rs b-l- 1200 iwohZps vlkos] vls
lkafxrys tkrs-
;kp eafnjkr funzkoLFksrhy ,d 'ks"kukxkph ewrhZgh
vkgs- gh ewrhZ xqIrdkyhu vlkoh-
eafnjkr dksjho dke vlysys nxMh [kkac vkgsr- ek=
vkrk ;k xkHkkÚ;kr fo'oLrkauh VkbZYl ykoY;kus izkphuRo
dkghls yir tkrs- Jh Hknzukx LokehaP;k MksD;koj pkanhpk
eqdqV] leksj ikp Q.kkaP;k ukxkph ewrhZ] f'kofyax vkf.k
x.ks'kewrhZ vlwu ;kyk iapk;ru LFkkiuk vls Eg.krkr-
Jh Hknzukx Lokeh eafnjkP;k ekxs f'kofiaMhP;k

vkdkjkph v[kaM [kMdkr dksjysyh fdaok [kksnysyh foghj
vkgs- mrj.;klkBh 51 ik;Ú;k vlwu ;k fofgjhr ukxnsorspk
okl vkgs] v'kh J)k vkgs- fofgjhr rGkiklwu ikp QqVkaoj
ik>j ulysys ,d xksy fNnz vlwu gk Jh Hknzukx Lokeh ;kaP;k
;s.;ktk.;kpk ekxZ gksrk vls lkaxrkr- fofgjhyk ykxwu oj
ctjaxcyhps eafnj] f'kofiaM] x.ks'kewrhZ vkgsr-

Hkokuhekrk eafnj
Hknzukx eafnjkP;k mRrjsl vxnhp toG l/;kP;k
ljdkjh nok[kkU;kleksj izkphu vls Hkokuhekrk eafnj vkgs- ;sFks
rhu xqaQk vlwu R;kr pafMdk fdaok Hkokuh] HkSjo o
ukFklaiznk;h f'kokph izfrek vkgs- e/kY;k dkGkr nqyZ{k
>kY;kus gs eafnj nxMekrhus cqtys gksrs- dkgh o"kkZaiwohZ
Hkkfodkauh rs eksdGs dsys- gs eafnj [kMdkr [kksyoj dksjysys
vkgs- nf{k.keq[kh Hkokuh ekrsph ewrhZ dkGîkk ik"kk.kkph vlwu
vfr'k; laqnj vkgs- ;k eafnjkleksj Hkq;kj vlwu rs FksV
panziwjP;k egkdkyh eafnjki;Zar xsys vkgs] vls lkaxrkr- tjh rs
FksV panziwji;Zar ulys rjh cktwP;k Hknzukx eafnjki;Zar vlw
'kdrs-
vR;ar izkphursps vo'ks"k vl.kkÚ;k ;k 'kgjkr

foB~By #fDe.kh eafnj] Hkaxkjkek nsoh] ckykth eafnj] bPNkiwrhZ
x.ks'k eafnj] pafMdk eafnj] Mksykjk lsrw] ;ouk'o jktkpk
fdYyk gs loZp ikg.;klkj[ks vkgs- fdYY;kP;k if'pesl
lw;Zeafnj fdaok Vkdk ryko eafnj vkgs- frFks dkGîkk ik"kk.kkph
izfrek vkgs- fotklu ukokP;k rhu iqMkP;k cksxnsotk ys.;k
;k xkokr vlwu ys.;kP;k 'ksoVh Hkxoku rFkkxrkP;k izfrek
dksjysY;k vkgsr- foosdkuan 'kkGsP;k izkax.kkrhy u{khdke
dsysys lqnaj vls ,dk pcqrÚ;koj fLFkr pkj dksjho LraHk
vkgsr- R;koj Jhjke] fo".kw] czãnso bR;knh nsorkaP;k izfrek
dksjysY;k vkgsr- iwohZ ;sFks eafnj vlkos- pafMdk eafnjkleksjgh
vls LraHk vkgsr- iap'khy okMkZyk ykxwu uohu clLFkkudkP;k
nf{k.kif'pesl lqanj vlk Mksykjk ryko vkgs- R;koj dBMk
ulysyk ,d nxMh iwy vkgs- e/;Hkkxh vlysY;k gqMdhi;Zar
32 [kkackaoj rks mHkk vkgs- ikolkGîkkr rks ik.;koj rjaxr
vkgs] vlk Hkkl gksrks- gqMdhoj 'kadjkps eafnj gksrs o rs
dkykarjkus u"V >kY;kps lkafxrys tkrs- R;kps dkgh vo'ks"k
vkgsr- ;ouk'o jktkps ?kksMisByk vlysY;k ?kksMikxsrys ?kksMs
;sFks ;k iqyko:u ik.kh fi.;kl ;sr v'kh vk[;kf;dk vkgs-
mn~/oLr >kysyk ;ouk'o jktkpk fdYyk ;sFkhy

fdYyk okMkZr vkgs- fpuh izoklh áw&,u~&Rlax lkrO;k
'krdkP;k lq#okrhyk vkyk rsOgk dkSlyoj lkseoa'kh
egkf'koxqIr ckyktqZu jktk jkT; djhr gksrk- gk dky[kaM b-l-
595 rs 655 vlkok- ;kp egkf'koxqIrkus gk fdYyk cka/kyk
vlkok- vkt ;sFks iwokZfHkeq[kh eksBs }kj] ,d 36 ik;Ú;k
vlysyh foghj] eafnjkP;k n'kZuh}kjkizek.ks brj rhu }kjs vls
dkgh vo'ks"k vkgs- iqjkrRRo foHkkxkus gs lajf{kr Lekjd dsys
vlwu dkgh fHkarh mHkkjY;k vkgsr-
Hknzkorhr vk.k[kh ,d pafMdk eafnj vlwu rs tSu

eafnjkP;k ekxhy cktwl iap'khy uxjkr vkgs- gsekMiaFkh 16
dksjho [kkackaoj rs mHks vkgs- ifjljkr dkgh HkXu ewrhZ o
vo'ks"k vkgsr- iqjkrRRo foHkkxkus gs lajf{kr dsys vlwu b-l-
1900 P;k njE;ku panziwjps LdkWfV'k fe'kups iknjh QsjQVdk
ekjr vlrk R;kauk rs fnlys gksrs- eafnjkleksj eksBk pcqrjk
vlwu R;koj pkj LraHk vkgsr- mRrjsyk ,d NksVs rGsgh vkgs-

,danjhr Hknzkorh izkphu ekSfyd Bsok vlysys 'kgj
vlwu ;sFks ;s.kkÚ;kus tkLrhr tkLr okLrw ikgkO;kr- loZ 'kD;
u >kY;kl Hknzs'ojkps eafnj] Jh ds'kfj;k ik'oZukFk tSu eafnj
vkf.k xojkGk ;sFkhy oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkrhy Jh
ojnfouk;dkps eafnj ek= u pqdrk ikgkos-

Jh fparke.kh] dGac
Jh x.ks'kiqjk.kkr v[kaM Hkkjrkrhy ,dohl x.ks'kLFkkus
of.kZyh vkgsr] R;krhy ,d LFkku Eg.kts fonHkkZrhy ;orekG
ftYákrhy Jh fparke.kh dGac- if'pe egkjk"Vªkr T;k
x.ks'kewrhZaph v"Vfouk;dkr ukos vkgsr] R;kr gh dGacuxjhph
ewrhZ ukgh( ijarq vBjk iqjk.kkaiSdh vkBO;k 'krdkr Hk`xw _"khauh
jpysY;k x.ks'kiqjk.kkr vkf.k R;kuarj eqn~xy _"khaP;k
eqn~xyiqjk.kkr ;k x.kirhP;k LFkkiusP;k vkf.k egkRE;kP;k
dFkk vkysY;k vkgsr- R;ko:u ;k x.ks'kLFkkukpa izkphuRo
banzdkGkr ikspra- ikSjkf.kd vkf.k ,sfrgkfld ik'oZHkweh
ykHkysys gs ,d nsoLFkku- iwohZ Jh {ks= fparke.kh Eg.kwu
vksG[kyh tk.kkjh gh dnacuxjh Eg.kts vktps dGac-
;orekGiklwu o/kkZ&ukxiwjP;k fn'ksus jkT; egkekxZ
Øekad 7 v oj rsohl fdyksehVj varjkoj dGac vkgs-
ukxiwjo:u dGacps varj 120 fd-eh- vkgs-

Jh fparke.kh Lo;aHkw vkgsr] vls eku.kkÚ;k HkDrkaph
la[;k eksBh vkgs- ák eafnjkrhy ewrhZph LFkkiuk lk{kkr
dnac_"khauh dsyh vlsgh J)kGw ekurkr-
;k x.ks'kewrhZP;k LFkkiusckcr x.ks'kiqjk.kkrhy dFkk
v'kh dh czãnsokph lqLo:i dU;k vfgY;k fgP;k lkSan;kZoj
HkkGwu nso] nkuo] ;{k] fdéj] xa/koZ] ukx] jk{kl] _"kh] equh
bR;knh lxGsp frph vfHkyk"kk /k:u czãnsokdMs ekx.kh d:
ykxys- czãnsokauh vfgY;sP;k fookgklkBh î.k* tkghj dsyk]
dh tks dks.kh i`Fohiznf{k.kk d:u lokZr vk/kh lHkkeaMikr
ikspsy] R;kykp vfgY;k iRuh Eg.kwu izkIr gksbZy- î.k*
,sdrkp lxGsp vkikiY;k okgukus i`Fohiznf{k.kk dj.;kl
Rojsus fu?kkys- vk;kZorkZrhy xkSre _"khaukgh vfgY;sP;k izkIrhph
bPNk gksrh- R;kauh xaxsoj tkÅu 'kq)ksnd Luku dsys vkf.k
vkJekrhy izlwr'khy xkbZyk euksHkkos iznf{k.kk ?kkryh- R;kuarj
Lor%Hkksorh ,d fxjdh ?ksÅu rs czãnsokleksj mHks Bkdys-
R;kauh yxsp vfgY;sph ekx.kh dsyh- vkiY;k cqf)pkrq;kZus
'kkL=kFkZ fo'kn d:u v/kZizlwr xkbZl iznf{k.kk ?kky.kkÚ;kyk
i`Fohiznf{k.ksps iq.; ykHkrs] rlsp lxGs fo'o vkiY;krp
lkekoysys vlY;keqGs Lor%Hkksorh fxjdh ?ksÅu fo'oiznf{k.kk
ikj iMrs] gs R;kauh lHkkeaMikrhy lokZauk iVowu fnys-
czãnsokauh rs ekU; d:u vfgY;spk xkSrek'kh fookg ykowu
fnyk- R;kuarj yxsp /kkoiG djr banznso lHkkeaMikr brj
lokZaP;k vk/kh ikspys( i.k ;srkp vfgY;k xkSreka'kh fookgc)
>kY;kps ikgwu rs larIr >kys- ^diVkus dk gksbZuk] eh vfgY;k
feGohup*] vlk fu'p; R;kauh dsyk-
iq<s ,ds fno'kh xkSre _"kh Lukula/;k dj.;klkBh
unhoj xsys vlrk banzkus xkSreos'kkr R;kaP;k vkJekr tkÅu
vfgY;s'kh tkjdeZ dsys- xqipwi pksjikoykauh banznso vkJekckgsj
iMr vlrkuk xkSrekauh ikfgys vkf.k ifjfLFkrhph tk.kho
gksrkp R;kauh 'kki fnyk dh ^rqÖ;k 'kjhjkyk lglz Hkxs iMrhy
vkf.k rw fonzwi dq"Bjksxh gks'khy-* udGr vfgY;susgh gs iki
dsY;kus frykgh ^rw f'kGk gksÅu iM'khy* vlk 'kki R;kauh
fnyk-
dq"Bkus ihfMr banz yfTtr >kY;keqGs nsoyksdkar xsyk
ukgh- nsokaP;k jktkph gh voLFkk ikgwu nsoxq: c`gLirh bankz yk
?ksÅu xkSrekdMs xsys vkf.k R;kaph {kek ekfxryh- xkSrekauh
m%'kki fnyk dh ^dnacuxjhr tkÅu x.ks'kkP;k "kMk{kjh ea=kpk
ti dj-* R;kizek.ks Hkxkafdr banzkus ckjk o"ksZ dnac o`{kk[kkyh
clwu ri'p;kZ dsyh- Hkxoku Jh x.ks'k izlé >kys- R;kauh
vadq'kkus R;k fBdk.kh ,d dqaM fuekZ.k dsys o LoxhZph xaxk
R;k dqaMkr izokfgr dsyh- R;k xaxktykus Luku dsY;koj banzkph
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rkeziV okdkVddkyhu vkgs-
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nwj dj.kkjs gs egkrhFkZ vlysys dqaM- gs dqaM Eg.kts ,dizdkjph
fueqGrh foghjp vkgs- x.ks'kdqaMkleksjhy xkHkkÚ;kr Jh
fparke.khph ewrhZ vkgs- nf{k.kkfHkeq[k vlysyh gh x.ks'kewrhZ
Hkkjrkrp uOgs rj txkrgh ,desso vlkoh- dnkfpr banznso
ri'p;sZyk mRrjsdMs rksaM d:u clys vlkos] R;kaP;kleksj
Jhx.ks'k izxVys vlkos] Eg.kwu x.ks'kewrhZps rksaM nf{k.ksdMs
vlkos- ;k ewrhZyk pkj gkr] xteq[k vkf.k 'kwiZd.kZ vkgsr-
'ksanwjysiukus ewrhZps uhV vkdyu gksr ukgh- MkO;k lksaMsP;k ;k
x.ks'kkpk eqdwV vaxpk vlkok- Hkkyizns'k fo'kky vkgs- MksGs
ckjhd vkf.k rstLoh vkgsr- Mkok ik; nqeMyk vlwu Jh
x.ks'k lq[kklukr fojkteku vkgsr- izfrek ikgrkp eu izlé
gksrs-
;k x.ks'k ewrhZP;k nksUgh cktwyk nksu Lora= vksoÚ;kar
'kadjkP;k fiaMh vkgsr- f'kok; uXuHkSjo f'kofiaMgh vkgs-
ckyx.ks'kkP;k nksu ewrhZgh vkgsr- fparke.kh eafnjkrhy uanknhi
v[kaM rsor vlrks-
flanwjysiukeqGs ok<ysY;k vkdkjkr Jh fparke.khph
ewrhZ lqekjs pkj QwV map vkf.k frrdhp :an gksr pkyyh gksrh-
1 Qsczqokjh] 1998 jksth Jhx.ks'k t;arhyk ¼prqFkhZ½ fparke.kh
ewrhZph [kksG lqVw ykxyh- ek?k 'kq) iapehyk ewrhZph [kksG iMw
ykxY;kps HkkfodkaP;k y{kkr vkys( ijarq nqlÚ;kp fno'kh
"k"Bhyk dkyk Ogk;pk vlY;kus vkf.k fouk;dh prqFkhZiklwu
n'kZukFkhZaph ;k=sfufeRr xnhZ gks.kkj vlY;keqGs ewrhZHkksorh [kksG
cka/kwu Bso.;kr vkyh gksrh- "k"Bhph ;k=k laiY;kuarj lIrehyk
osMhokdMh >kysyh [kksG fu?ksy rso<h dk<wu ?ks.;kr vkyh-
R;kuarj ,d'ks ,d lqokfluhaP;k gLrs dy'kLuku ?kkywu iqUgk
'kkL=ksDr fo/kh d:u fparke.khyk 'ksanwjkps iquysZiu dsys xsys-
[kksG dk<Y;kuarjph ewrhZ vk/khP;k ewrhZP;k rqyusr toGikl
fuEE;k vkdkjkph fnlw ykxyh gksrh- rRiwohZ fparke.khph [kksG
dsOgk iMyh ;kph ekfgrh miyC/k ukgh( ijarq fdeku lOok'ks
o"kkZar rh iMyh ulkoh] vls o;kso`) ukxfjdkaP;k erkao:u
y{kkr ;srs-
iqjk.kkarhy o.kZuko:u Jh fparke.khph ewrhZ
LQfVdklkj[kh 'kqHkz gksrh- iq<s rh 'ksanwjysiukus 'ksanjh o.kkZph
>kyh vlkoh fdaok ijpØkP;k osGh ewG ewrhZ yiowu nqljhdMs
yiowu Bso.;kr vkyh vlkoh] vlsgh ,d er ekaMys tkrs-
eafnjkrp Jh fparke.kh ewrhZP;k mRrjsyk flesaVfoVkauh
O;ofLFkr cka/kwu dk<ysys ts x.ks'kdqaM vkgs] rs banzkP;k
dkGkrhy vlkos] v'kh J)k Bsowu HkDr ák x.ks'kdqaMkrhy
ik.kh xaxsps rhFkZ Eg.kwu izk'ku djk;ps- 4 QwV ck; 4 QwV
vlk R;kpk vkdkj vkgs- x.ks'kdqaMkr ik;Ú;k vkgsr- gs dqaM
iq"dfj.kh vlkos] vls okVrs- eq[; xkHkkÚ;kleksjhy T;k
izkax.kkr rs vkgs] R;k izkax.kkpk vkdkj 15 ck; 20 QwV vkgs-
;k izkax.kkP;k cktwyk nksUgh cktawuk 10 ck; 12 QqVkaP;k nksu
vksoÚ;k vkgsr- gs iwohZ /;ku d{k vlkosr- MkO;k gkrkP;k
vksojhr nsoh xk;=h] Jh foB~By #fDe.kh o Jh Kkus'ojkaP;k
ewrhZ vkgsr- ,d vksojh fjDr vkgs-
Jh fparke.kh eafnj gsekMiaFkh vlwu lkrO;k fdaok
vkBO;k 'krdkr pkyqD; fdaok nzfoMh 'kSyhP;k izHkkodkGkr
fuekZ.k >kys vkgs- jk"VªdqV jktkauh os#Gps dSykl ys.ks ;kp
dkGkr cka/kys- R;kpkp dkghlk izHkko ;k eafnjkoj tk.korks-
ikpO;k fdaok lgkO;k 'krdkr rkaf=d HkDrh iaFkkpk mn;
>kyk- eafnjkph jpuk ikgrk R;k iaFkkpkgh izHkko ;k 'kSyhoj
fnlrks- rlsp eafnjkps f'kYi gs Jh ;a=kizek.ks vkgs- Jh;a=kyk
pkj }kjs vlrkr- ;sFks pkSF;k }kjkP;k fBdk.kh Lor% Jh x.ks'k
vkgsr-Jh x.ks'kkyk iznf{k.kk ?kkyrk ;sr ukgh- tyrRRokph
nsork Jh x.ks'k vlY;kus Jh x.ks'k dqaMkykp iznf{k.kk ?kkrY;k
tkrs- ra=] ea= vkf.k ;a= ;kapk laxep ;sFks vk<Grks-
;k nsoky;kpk th.kksZ)kj 12 O;k fdaok 13 O;k
'krdkr ;knokaP;k dkGkr >kyk vlkok- nksUgh cktwauk T;k
nxMh fHkarh vkgsr] R;kps fpjs dkGîkk okyqdke; ik"kk.kkps
vkgsr- R;kP;k vkr ewG fHkarh vlkO;kr o R;k iMw u;sr
Eg.kwu gh ;kstuk dsyh vlkoh- MkW- iq-fu- QMds ;kaP;k ers ;k
ikrkGxqaQk egkik"kk.k;qxhu vlkO;kr- Eg.ktsp lqekjs b-l-iw-
700 rs b-l-iw- 500 brD;k izkphu vlkO;kr- Eg.kts vMhp
gtkj o"kkZaiwohZP;k- egkHkkjr dkGki;Zar ekxs ;k eafnjkph
izkphurk usyh tkrs- R;kuarj dsOgkrjh ;sFks Jh x.ks'k izfrek
LFkkiu >kyh vlkoh- v'kk xqaQk HknzkorhP;k ukxukFk eafnjkr]
e/;izns'kkrhy cSrwy ;sFks] cy<k.;krhy pkaMksy ;sFks] ukxiwj
ftYákrhy Hkq;kjh ;sFks vkgsr-
vU;= Jhfparke.kh dFkklkE;

tls ;orekG ftYákrhy dGaccíy lkafxrys tkrs]
rlsp mLekukckne/khy dGaccíygh lkafxrys tkrs- rsFksgh
dGacph izfrÑrh okVkoh] vls fparke.kh eafnj vkgs-
HkkjrkP;k nf{k.k Vksdkojhy dU;kdqekjh eafnjkiq<s
dGacP;k ewrhZizek.ks x.ks'kewrhZ vlwu toGP;k [kksyxV
Hkkxkrhy eafnjkyk o rsFkY;k x.kirhyk vuqy{kwu usedh
vfgY;k] banz] xkSre o fparke.kh x.ks'kkph dFkk izpfyr vkgs-
dq"BihfMr banzkus R;k LFkGh x.kirhyk rikscykus izlé dsys]
vls rsFksgh lkafxrys tkrs-
iq.;ktoGhy FksÅj lanHkkZr ;kiwohZ mYys[k dsyk
vkgsp-
dGacP;k fparke.kh eafnjkrhy ik;Ú;k mrj.;kiwohZ
fnl.kkjh prqeqZ[kh ewrhZ dGacP;k x<hr lkiMyh gksrh- lqekjs
ikÅ.k'ks o"kkZaiwohZ rh ;sFks vk.kwu ekaMyh xsyh- v'khp
x.ks'kewrhZ ;orekG ftYákrhy dsGkiwj ;sFks vkf.k
dU;kdqekjhykgh vkgs- iouhP;k Jh iapkuuk'khgh ;k ewrhZph
rqyuk dsyh tkrs- cgq/kk ewrhZfufeZrhps gs dky[kaM leku
vlkosr-

fparke.kh eafnjkP;k ckgsj jLrk vksykaMwu if'pesyk
nksu eafnjs vkgsr- R;kiSdh ,dkr nRrewrhZ vkf.k iknqdk vkgsr-
;k ewrhZaph LFkkiuk LFkkfud HkDrkauh 1994 e/;s dsyh- nqlÚ;k
eafnjkr vulw;sph ewrhZ vkgs] vls HkDr ekurkr- ák ewrhZP;k
xGîkkr dkGîkk'kkj #nzk{kkaph ekG] ojhy MkO;k gkrkr
fouk;dkph ewrhZ vkf.k [kkyhy MkO;k gkrkr deaMyw]
eLrdkoj eqdwV vkf.k nksu cktwyk nksu nklh mH;k vkgsr-
iwohZ ;sFks ikoZrhph ewrhZ gksrh- rh 1990 e/;s pksjhyk xsyh-
R;k fBdk.kh gh ewrhZ LFkkfir dsyh xsyh-
izkphu dGac gs eafnjewR;kZauh O;kiysys xko vlkos]
vls okVrs- pØkorh unhP;k fdukÚ;koj iwohZ vusd eafnjs
vlkohr- R;krhy cÚ;kp'kk foyksHkuh; ewrhZ vktgh lkiMr
vlrkr- iq.;krhy fo}ku bfrgkl la'kks/kd dS- MkW- iz-y-
lkloMdj ;kauh dGac ifjljkr lkiMysY;k cgqrsd ewrhZ b-l-
700 rs 1100 ;k dkGkrhy vkgsr] vls lkafxrys gksrs-
R;kaP;k ers Jh fparke.kh eafnjkP;k leksjhy jLR;kP;k nqlÚ;k
dkBkoj nRrewrhZlg vlysys iwokZfHkeq[k eafnj ewGkr vulw;sps
ulwu rh ewrhZ véiw.kkZ ikoZrhph vkgs- frps vo;o vR;ar
js[kho vlwu rh lqekjs ,d gtkj o"kkZaiwohZph ikoZrhph ewrhZ
vkgs] vls ;orekGps bfrgkl la'kks/kd MkW-;-[kq- ns'kikaMs
;kauhgh fygwu Bsoys vkgs-
pkSnk pkoMîkkaps] cRrhl egkykaps vkf.k ckjk ek#rhaps
dGac vlk ykSfdd ;k xkokpk vkgs- vktP;k ?kMhyk v'kk
pkoMîkk] egky jkfgysys ukghr- dGacP;k iwosZyk pkj
fdyksehVj varjkoj cksjh egky ukokps [ksMs vkgs- frFksgh x<h
gksrh- dnkfpr izkphu dkGh dGacP;k cRrhliSdh rks ,d
egky vlkok- ,dsdkGP;k dGac ljdkjP;k Eg.kts dGac
ftYákP;k d{ksr pkSnk eglqyh fdaok R;klkj[ks izeq[k foHkkx
vlkosr- R;kosGP;k jpusizek.ks R;k ftYákr cRrhl egkygh
vlkosr- rgflyhyk egky EgVys tkr vlkos- R;krhyp ,d
cksjh egky vlkos-
ckjk ekjksrhaP;k ckcrhr mYys[k lkFkZ okVrks- ;sFkhy
ifjljkr vktgh ek#rhph ckjk eafnjs vk<Grkr- ;kaiSdh
rGîkkpk ek#rh iwosZyk] jkBpk fdaok jhBpk ek#rh if'pesyk]
tksa/kG.khpk ek#rh nf{k.ksyk rj eqnkiwjpk ek#rh dGacP;k
mRrjsyk vkgs- f'kok; vkB fn'kkaP;k vkB ek#rhauh ;k xkoP;k
f'kosps j{k.k dsys vkgs] vls J)kGw lkaxrkr-
dGacP;k iwosZyk nksu fdyksehVj varjkoj ,dk
iq"dj.khdkBh dykoarh.khpk egky gksrk] v'kh uksan b-l-
1507 P;k ,dk Qkj'kh f'kykys[kkr vkgs- gk f'kykys[k R;k
egkykP;k ewG tkxh vkgs] vls Eg.krkr- izR;{kkr ek= dkgh
lqxkok ykxr ukgh-
dGacyk unhe/;s ,d dkxnMksg gksrk- rsFks iwohZ
dkxnkapk dkj[kkuk gksrk- vdcjdkyhu gh fLFkrh vlkoh-
dGacyk fgÚ;kaph [kk.k gksrh vkf.k ;sFks fgÚ;kapk O;kikjgh
pkyk;pk] v'kh izok'kh uksan ^vkbZus vdcjh*r vkgs- ?kksaxMh]
r<o fo.k.;kpk /kank ;sFks cÚ;kp vk/khiklwu pkyr gksrk-
dGac ifjljkrhy cka/kdkekrY;k foVk ik.;koj rjaxk;P;k vls
lkaxrkr- ;sFkwu ckHkwGxkoekxsZ vejkorhdMs tkrkuk ykx.kkÚ;k
rGsxko n'kkljP;k foVkgh ik.;koj rjaxrkr- rGsxko n'kklj
;sFkhy ,dk eafnjkr dGacgwu j?kqth Hkkslys ;kauh ikBoysyh
dkgh nkui=s vFkok vkKki=s vkgsr] vls lkaxrkr- dGac ;sFks
cSy vkf.k r#.kkaP;k dqLR;kaph naxy Hkjfoyh tk;ph- ;k
y<k;kaP;k tkxkaP;k [kq.kk vktgh dkgh izek.kkr vk<Grkr-
dGac ;sFks Hkj.kkjk cSycktkj vktgh izfl) vkgs-
dGacyk ;knokaP;k uarj dsOgkrjh xoGh yksdkaph
laLÑrh izHkkoh gksrh] vls okVrs- R;kuarj jtiwr vkf.k ejkBs
HkVdarhr bdMs vkys o R;kauh xksilaLÑrh ekxs Vkdyh- HkVdr
vkysys dq.kh ,d Bkdwj dGacps lRrk/kkjh >kys- iq<s rs
^Bkdjs* ukokps xzkekf/kdkjh Bjys-
dGac gs ,sfrgkfld xko iwohZ eafnjewR;kZauh O;kiysys
gksrs- ,d /keZdsanz gksrs- pØkorh unhP;k nksUgh fdukÚ;kaoj
vusd eafnjs gksrh- vktps Jhfparke.kh eafnj iqjkru dkGh
xkokiklwu nwj oujkbZr] dnacjkthr ljksojkdkBh gksrs- gk loZ
ifjlj fganwauh O;kiysyk vlkok- toGp vlysY;k
ris'ojeafnjkrhy ewrhZ tqU;k dkGP;k vlwu R;k b-l- 700 rs
1100 P;k njE;kuP;k vlkO;k- Jh {ks= fparke.khiklwu lqekjs
lkr fdyksehVjoj nzqx fdaok nqxZpk fdYyk vkgs- vkrk rks
[kaMgj voLFksr fnlrks- ikpO;k 'krdkrhy ,dk rkeziVkP;k
mYys[kko:u gs Li"V gksrs dh] dGactoGhy dnacfxjhxzke
nkukr fnysys xko gksrs- ;kp xkokyk vkt ^nqxZ* Eg.krkr- ;sFks
rsOgk vHks| Mksaxjh fdYyk gksrk- rks xksaMkauh fdaok rRiwohZ
mHkkjyk o tksiklyk vlkok-
e/;arjh [kksndkekr ;k fdYY;krgh ;knodkyhu
lksU;kph uk.kh lkiMyh o rh vkt ukxiwjP;k oLrwlaxzgky;kr
vkgsr- nzqx fdYY;kpk ifjlj vfr'k; fulxZjE; vkf.k nkV
>kMhus O;kiysyk vkgs- tk.;kpk ekxZgh taxykpkp vkgs-
fdYY;koj Jh js.kqdknsohps eafnj vkgs- toGp ik;F;k'kh ,d
ryko vkgs- ;k Hkkxkr vkf.k dGacP;k x<hP;k [kksndkekr
rkaC;kphgh uk.kh lkiMk;ph- la'kks/kdkaP;k ers rh xqIrdkyhu
gksr- vktgh vusdnk yksHkh fdaok va/kJ)kGw ;k [kaMgj
>kysY;k fdYY;kr iqjkru [kftus lkiMrhy ;k vk'ksus
yiwuNiwu [kksndke djrkr- dkgh rj ik;kGw O;Drhauk vk.kwu
R;kaP;k rdZ'kDrhus vls 'kks/k ?ksr gs ÑR; djrkuk fnlrkr-
nzqx fdaok nqxZP;k fdYY;kpk nxM] fparke.kh eafnjkpk
nxM vkf.k toGp vlysY;k uka>k ;k xkokrhy okMîkkaP;k
cka/kdkekr okij.;kr vkysys nxM gs lkj[ksp vkgsr- dGacph
x<h] nqxZpk fdYyk] fparke.kh eaafnj vknh f'kYikaph cka/k.kh
iqjkru fdaok ;knodkyhu vlyh] rjh mLrokjh] MkxMqth]
iquckZa/k.kh gs dGac ljdkjP;k ek/;ekrwu xksaM] Hkkslys vkf.k
eksxy v'kk lRrk/kkÚ;kauh dsY;kps y{kkr ;srs-
dGac gs vkt rkyqD;kps fBdk.k vkgs- ek= iwohZ rs
eksBs 'kgj vlkos- rhu fdyksehVjojhy cksjh egkyi;Zar ;kpk
foLrkj vlkok vls okVrs- dGac vkf.k cksjh egky ;sFkhy
laiérk lgt y{kkr ;srs- vusd x<h vkf.k R;k x<haph ika<jh
ekrh R;kpsp |ksrd vkgs- dkgh o`{k eksBeksBkys vlwu R;kaP;k
lHkksorkyP;k oLrho:ugh izkphurk y{kkr ;srs- iwohZ x<haP;k
fHkarhae/;s yifoys tk.kkjs /ku lkiMsy ;k vk'ksus x<hph ekrh
mdj.kkjsgh vusd egkHkkx vk<Grkr- R;kr x<hph fHkar
vaxkoj dkslGY;kus dkgh vi?kkrgh >kysys vkgsr- ek= vkrk
gGwgGw x<h tehunksLr dj.ks lq: vlwu rh ekrh xzkeiapk;r]
iapk;rlferh o 'kkldh; uohu cka/kdkekauk [kM~Mîkkae/khy ok
ik;kP;k HkjrhlkBh okijyh tkr vkgs-
dGactoGps je.kh; fBdk.k Eg.kts Jh {ks=
fparke.khiklwu ikp fdyksehVjoj map VsdMhoj vlysys nRrkps
LFkku & fujatu ekgwj- gs nRr HkDrkaps J)kLuku- ukansM
ftYákrhy ;orekGiklwu 82 fdyksehVjoj vlysys nRrkps
okLrO; vlysys fBdk.k Eg.kts eksBs ekgwj rj dGactoGhy
gs fBdk.k Eg.kts fujatu ekgwj fdaok NksVs ekgwj- vj.;kpk
izns'k vkf.k toGp ryko vlY;kus i;ZVuLFkG Eg.kwu rs
fodflr gksr vkgs- Jh nRrewrhZP;k eLrdkoj vk'khokZnkRed
gLr Bsowu mHkh vlysyh vulw;sph ewrhZ gs ;sFkhy [kkl
vkd"kZ.k- dkGîkk ik"kk.kkr dksjysyh gh js[kho ewrhZ
f'kYidyspk ,d mRÑ"V uequk vkgs- nRrtUekP;k osxosxGîkk
dFkk ;sFks ,sdk;yk feGrkr- o:u dnacuxjh] nwjojpk nqxZpk
fdYyk] brj VsdMîkk vkf.k ik;F;k'kh vlysyk nRr ryko
Nku fnlrks-
dGaciklwu lqekjs 20 fdyksehVjoj jkGsxko vkgs- ;k
'kgjkP;k nf{k.ksl rhu fdyksehVjoj jkosjh fdaok jkexaxk gs
ikSjkf.kd xko vkgs- gk jkek;.kdkyhu naMdkj.;kpk Hkkx vkgs]
vls lkafxrys tkrs- ;sFks unh'kstkjh txrtuuh lhrkekrsps
¼tuduafnuh½ ts iqjkru eafnj vkgs] R;kph dFkk v'kh lkafxryh
tkrs & ifjVkus O;Dr dsysY;k la'k;ko:u tsOgk lhrspk jkekus
R;kx dsyk] rsOgk rh dkgh fnol okfYedhaP;k vkJekr
okLrO;kyk gksrh] rks vkJe ;sFks gksrk] vlk let vkgs- ;sFksp
yodq'kkauh jkekpk v'oes/k ;Kkpk ?kksMk vMoyk o uarj
>kysys ;q)gh ;k Hkwehrp >kys] vls xkodjh lkaxrkr-
toGP;k jkexaxk unh'kstkjh vlysyh lek/kh okfYedh _"khaph
vlY;kps cksyys tkrs-
>ksiysyk fdaok vkMok tks uÅ QqVkpk ek#rh ;sFkhy
eafnjkr vkgs] R;kps ik; nxMh lk[kGnaMkus cka/kys vkgsr- ;k
ek#rhyk ckyi.kh R;kP;k ekrsus v'kh f'k{kk dsyh gksrh- ;k
ewrhZo:u vatuh ekrspk vkJe ;sFks vlkok] v'khgh J)k
vkgs- dkghaP;k ers rks yodq'kka'kh y<rkuk tk;canh >kyk
vkgs- R;kps izrhd Eg.kwu gh cafnLr guqekukph ewrhZ vkgs-
eqykauk ist goh Eg.kwu lhrk xkokr xOgkph fHk{kk
ekx.;kl xsyh( ijarq fryk dq.khgh xgw fnys ukghr- rsOgk
lhrsus ;k xkokr xgw fid.kkj ukgh] vlk 'kki fnyk- vktgh
;sFks xOgkps ihd vk<Gr ukgh- rks isjyk rj fidr ukgh] vls
lkafxrys tkrs-
Hkkjrkrhy gs ,deso lhrk eafnj vlY;kps cksyys
tkrs- gs eafnj lk/kkj.kr% 16 O;k 'krdkr cka/k.;kr vkys
vlkos- e/;arjh ;k eafnjkph izpaM nqjoLFkk >kyh- rs
dkslG.;kP;k csrkr vkys- dkgh eaMGhauh ukansMP;k nsxywjgwu
f'kGk vk.kY;k- ykrwjps dkjkfxj cksykoys o eafnjkph nq#Lrh
dsyh- 'kklukus jkosjhyk ^d* oxZ i;ZVuLFkGkpk ntkZ fnyk-
ek= goh r'kh izxrh >kysyh fnlr ukgh vkf.k gs eafnjgh
[kwils izfl)hP;k >ksrkr vkys ukgh-
dGaciklwu mRrjsyk 15 fdyksehVjoj mRrjkfHkeq[kh
o/kkZ unhP;k fdukÚ;koj dksVs'oj laLFkku vkgs- frFks mapkoj
egknsokph fiaM vkgs- ;sFks izkphu dkGh dksVîko/kh ;K >kys
gksrs] vls lkaxrkr- vktgh ;k Hkkxkr dqBsgh [kksnys rjh
;Kkrhy jk[ksizek.ks ekrh feGrs- j{kkfoltZuklkBh o rRle
fo/khalkBh vusd yksd ;sFks ;srkr- rlsp unhik=kr fof'k"V
fBdk.kh fcYoi=s cqMrkr Eg.kwu R;k fBdk.kkyk csycqMh
Eg.krkr- ;k unhr dkgh fBdk.kh ik.;kr [kspwu ?ks.kkjs Hkojs
vkgsr- Eg.kwu e`R;ksijkUr j{kkfoltZuklkBh ;s.kkjs egkekxkZP;k
fn'ksus gs fo/kh u djrk lkr fdyksehVjpk Qsjk ?ksÅu
iyhdMP;k rVkoj gs fo/kh djrkr- egkekxkZP;k fn'ksus
vlysY;k ik=kr ik.;kP;k HkoÚ;kauh gksMîkk fdaok ek.klkauk
[kspwu ?ksrY;kP;k ?kVuk ?kMysY;k vkgsr-
;kf'kok; dGac rkyqD;krhy [kVs'oj laLFkku]
cksikiwjph nsoh] ujlkiwjps egknso eafnj] frj>MîkkP;k
VsdMhojhy tkx`r xkslkoh eafnj] xyexkopk ek#rh gh loZp
fBdk.ks ikg.;klkj[kh vkgsr- dGaciklwu ukxiwj ekxkZoj lqekjs
7 fd-eh-oj f'kjiwjiklwu 4 fd-eh- vkr vlysY;k cksikiwjP;k
nsoh eafnjkr [kkyh mrjkos ykxrs- R;kr xksykdkj nsohP;k
vusd ewR;kZ vkgsr- dGaciklwu tksMeksgk fdaok ?kkVath ekxkZoj
18 fd-eh- varjkojps [kVs'oj laLFkkugh [kVs'oj egkjktkalkBh
izfl) vkgs- 'kkar v'kk fulxZlkfé/;kr gs nsoLFkku vkgs-
Hknzkorho:u dGacyk o.khekxsZ ;srkuk tksMeksgk fdaok [kVs'oj
ykxrs- dGaciklwu 23 fd-eh- varjkoj vlysys vkrkps
ftYákps fBdk.k Eg.kts- ;orekG- ;sFkhy rhu fn'kkauk
vlysyh ek#rhph eafnjs izfl) vkgsr- <qe.kkiwjpk ek#rh
vejkorh ekxkZoj ;orekGiklwu 5 fd-eh- oj ¼dGaciklwu
28 fd-eh-½] vk.khZ ekxkZojpk ouoklh ek#rh 3 fd-eh-oj
¼dGaciklwu 26 fd-eh-½ vkf.k ladVekspu ifjljkryk ek#rh
gk 'kgjkrp vkgs- f'kok; 'kgjkrhy egknso eafnj] yksgkÚ;kps
egknso eafnj] pkSlkGîkkps VsdMhojhy egknso eafnj] foB~By
#fDe.kh eafnj] txr eafnj v'kh dkgh iqjkru eafnjs
ikg.;klkj[kh vkgsr- ;orekGiklwu 5 rs 10 fd-eh- varjkoj
vlysys tkeokMhpk ryko] cksjxko /kj.k] fuGks.kk /kj.k vkf.k
ckHkwGxko ;sFkhy csacGk izdYi bR;knh fBdk.ks ikgrkuk eu
jewu tkrs-
brj ekfgrh
dGac ukokph egkjk"Vªkr lkr xkos vk<Grkr-
R;kiSdh iq.ks] mLekukckn vkf.k ;orekG ftákrhy dGac gs
rkyqds yksdla[;k] fodkl vkf.k bfrgkl ;k n`"Vhus izfl)
vkgsr- ;orekG ftYákrhy dGac gs fparke.kh eafnjkeqGsp
txizfl) >kys vkgs- dGac ukokps nqljs xko fonHkkZr ukgh-
dGac ifjljkr dnackP;k >kMkaps oSiqY; gksrs o
vktgh gh >kMs ;sFkhy oukMksaxjkr vkgsr-
dGac gs iwohZ iapk;r lferhps eq[;ky; gksrs- vkrk
rkyqdk vkgs( i.k Qkj iwohZ gk ftYgk vlkok] vls iqjkos
vktgh vk<Grkr- uxj ikfydslkBh iz;Ru lq: vkgsr-
ikj/kh] xksaM] xksokjh] vka/k] ekuk] gyck] dks"Vh v'kk
vusd tekrh ;k ifjljkr jkgrkr( i.k dksyke tekr ;k

ifjljkr tkLr izek.kkr vk<Grs- dksykekaps 31 iksM ;k Hkkxkr
vk<Grkr-
dGace/khy fofgjhaps oSf'k"Vîk dksMîkkr Vkd.kkjs vkgs-
nksu QwV #an o rhu QwV ykachP;k fdaok vMhp QqVh O;klkP;k
cÚ;kp fofgjh ;sFks vk<Grkr- eksVkjLV¡Moj vl.kkjh foghjgh
Qkj iwohZph vkgs- fryk milys vlrk vusd ekuoh gkMs]
ckaxMîkk ;k fofgjhr vk<GY;k- 'k=waiklwu vkiyh bHkzr
okpo.;klkBh fL=;kauh ;sFks izk.k R;kxys vlkos] vls
bfrgkldkjkaps Eg.k.ks vkgs-
baxztkaP;k jktoVhr ;k fBdk.kps egRRo deh >kys-
oSHko deh gksr xsys- ,dsdkGh fganwaps /kkfeZd LFkG vkf.k Kku]
fo|sps opZLo jkfgysyk gk ftYgk fofo/k vkØe.ks vkf.k uarj
baxztkauh nqyZf{kr dsY;kus vkiyk fodkl d: 'kdyk ukgh-
[kaMgjkaph la[;k ok<r xsyh- Jhfparke.khps eafnj tj oxGys
rj vls BlB'khr vkd"kZ.k ;k xkokyk jkfgys ukgh- Hkjiwj
dkiwl] Hkkthikyk] eksBeksBkys dksgGs vkf.k dsGhps mRiknu
vlk dkgh mRikndrspk Hkkx lksMyk rj uarj o.kh vkf.k
;orekG ;kaP;k fodklkP;k rqyusus dGac ekxs iMys- T;k
vla[; fofgjh vkf.k pØkorh unhP;k Hkjiwj ik.;kP;k
vk/kkjkus ;sFkhy 'ksrh izfl) gksrh] R;k 'ksrhyk vkt ik.kh
feGsukls >kys vkgs- pØkorhyk ik.kh ukeek=p jkfgys vkgs-
fofgjh [kksy xsY;k vkgsr- ikolkps izek.k deh >kY;kus
mUgkGîkkr R;k vkVrkr- ik.;klkBh yksdkauk o.ko.k fQjkos
ykxrs- fparke.khiq<îkkr lk{kkr xaxk vorj.;kP;k ?kVuk ikgrk
;k ifjljkr ik.;kps nqfHkZ{; dk Ogkos] gk iz'u Hkkfodkauk
iM.ks lkgftd vkgs- ek= jsu okWVj gkosZfLVax] 'ksrrGs] ik.kh
vMo.ks] lkBo.ks ;kfo"k;h xkokr Eg.kkoh r'kh tkx`rrk ukgh-
vkeP;k bafnjk egkfo|ky;krgh ik.;kph Hkh"k.k leL;k gksrh-
gk Hkkx dMd eqjekG vkgs- 2005 P;k nq"dkGkr ifjfLFkrh
Hk;kud >kyh- egkfo|ky;kP;k ifjljkrhy rhugh fofgjh
[kksy d:u laiw.kZ bekjrhauk jsu okWVj gkosZfLVax dsys- ,d eksBs
'ksrrGs [k.kys- egkfo|ky;krhy ok;k tk.kkÚ;k ikolkP;k
ik.;kpk Fksacu~ Fksac R;k 'ksrrGîkkr ikspkok] v'kh ;kstuk
dsyh- ukY;k vkf.k ikbZiykbZu Vkdyh- jLR;kP;k cktwus
okg.kkjs ikolkps ik.kh egkfo|ky;kr cfxP;kP;k cktwyk pj
[kksnwu vkr ?ksrys- vkt fi.;kP;k] okijkP;k ik.;kyk dkgh
deh ukgh vkf.k >kMkaukgh ik.kh iqjrs- vktwcktwP;k ifjljkrhy
xkokrhy eaMGh egkfo|ky;krwu mUgkGîkkr ik.kh usrkr- vkrk
vkeP;k ;k ifjljkr Jh ljLorh eafnj fuekZ.k dsys tkr vkgs-
R;ke/;s fofo/k nsohnsork o larkaP;k ewR;kZaph izfr"Bkiuk dsyh
tk.kkj vkgs-
x.kirhP;k ikniz{kkyukFkZ cgqrsd nj ckjk o"kkZauh xaxk
;srs] vls HkDrtu ekurkr- xaxkLukukus loZ ikis /kqryh
tkrkr] vlk let vkgs- lokZaph ikia /kq.kkjh xaxk ekrk Lor%gh
ikilai`Dr gksrs vkf.k ukbyktkus T;k fparke.khP;k Ñisus banzkph
ikis /kqryh xsyh] R;k fparke.khykp Li'kZ d:u Lor% ikieqDr
gksrs- vkt fparke.kh eafnjkrhy dqaMkoj dkpssps >kd.k ykoysys
vkgs] ts.ksd:u HkDrkauh R;kr Qqys] iSls Vkdwu ik.kh nwf"kr
gksÅ u;s- rjhgh dkgh HkDr iznw"k.kkpk fdaok rks izkphu Bsok
cqt.;kpk fopkj u djrk rs >kd.k cktwyk d:u R;kr Qqys]
iSls Vkd.;kpk iz;Ru djrkrp-
x.ks'kkP;k iwtslkBh banzkus gh xaxk vk.kyh gksrh] vls
HkDr ekurkr- xkSre _"khaP;k 'kkikrwu eqDr >kY;koj fparke.kh
nsorsph LFkkiuk tsOgk banzkus dsyh] rsOgk iwtuklkBh i`Fohojhy
ik.kh dls okijkos] gk iz'u iMY;kus banzkus LoxkZrwup Jh xaxsyk
vkokgu dsys vkf.k iwtukuarj fryk nj ckjk o"kkZuarj Jh
fparke.khyk Luku ?kky.;kph vkKk dsyh] v'kh vk[;kf;dk
vkgs-
gh xaxk vkyh dh ik.;kph ikrGh ok<w ykxrs-
dqaMkrwu ik.kh f>jiw ykxrs- dkgh fnolkarp ;k ik.;kpk Li'kZ
fparke.kh ewrhZyk >kyk dh ik.kh vksl: ykxrs vls lkaxrkr-
vkrki;Zar 1918] 1933] 1948] 1958] 1970] 1883]
1995 ;k o"kkZar xaxk vkyh gksrh- ;ko:u rarksrar ckjk o"kkZauh
xaxk vorjr ukgh] vls y{kkr ;srs- ek= vki.k eafnjkr
mrjrks] R;kghis{kk [kksy vl.kkjh gh foghj njo"khZP;k ikolkus
rqMqac Hk:u okgr dk ukgh] gs dksMsp vkgs- dkgh dkG
;orekG ;sFks iksyhl vf/kdkjh Eg.kwu jkfgysys HkwxHkZ'kkL=kr
ih-,pMh- vlysys fnYyhps MkW- fclkfj;k rlsp ftYgkf/kdkjh
jkfgysys Jh- fxfjjkt ;kauhgh ;kpk vH;kl dj.;kpk iz;Ru
dsyk gksrk-
1995 e/;s lIVsacj efgU;kr vorjysY;k ;k xaxsph
nwjnq:u vkysY;k Hkkfodkauh iwtk dsyh o rhFkZ usys- uksVkaph
iqMdh] lksus] uk.kh] Qqys xaxsyk viZ.k dsyh- lqekjs
ohl&ckohl fnol fparke.kh eafnjkrhy pkSdkr ik.kh gksrs-
eksVj ykowu ik.kh milys rjh yxsp rs ik>:u ;sbZ-
HkkfodkaP;k iwtsph Qqys] ikus] ukjG] nqokZ ;kaeqGs ik.kh nwf"kr
gksÅu tursyk =kl gksÅ u;s] R;klkBh rs lkj[ks milkos ykxs-
1995 P;k xaxk vkxeuizlaxh vkf.k 1998 P;k
ewrhZph [kksG xGwu iM.;kP;k izlaxh eh dGac ;sFks vlY;kus
;k nksUgh ?kVuk izR;{k vuqHkork vkY;k-
x.ks'kewrhZleksj ts x.ks'kdqaM vkgs] rs HkwikrGhiklwu
lqekjs 35 QwV [kksy vkgs- ;k eafnjkP;k vkokjkrp iwosZdMs ,d
foghj vkgs- frph [kksyh lqekjs 35 QwV vkgs- fryk usgehp
ik.kh vlrs- ;k ifjljkps voyksdu dsys vlrk gs eafnj iwohZ
ljksojkoj cka/kys vlkos] vls okVrs( ijarq ik.;kP;k ikrGhps
xw< mdyr ukgh-
ijaijsus iqtkjh Eg.kwu O;kl ?kjk.;krhy czkEg.k iwtk
djrkr- nj efgU;kP;k lad"Vh o vaxkjdh prqFkhZyk nwjnq:u
Hkkfod fparke.khP;k n'kZuklkBh ;srkr- vusd Hkkfod 23
fdyksehVj varjkojhy ;orekGlkj[;k 'kgjkarwu prqFkhZP;k
vxksnjP;k jk=hp ik;h fu?kwu igkVs dGacyk ikspwu n'kZu
?ksrkr- ;orekG&dGac ekxkZoj jk=h HkDrkalkBh ik.kh] pgk]
uk'rk ns.kkjh dkgh Jhear Hkkfod eaMGh vkgsr- ;k
pgkik.;kP;k lks;heqGs iwohZ ?kunkV taxykpk o ?kkVkpk
vlysyk vkf.k vkt dsoG lkekU; taxykpk] Hkkjh] eMdksuk]

pkiMkZ] ?kksVh v'kk dkgh xkokauk Li'kZ d:u tk.kkjk ?kkVfojfgr
ekxZ [kMrj u jkgrk HkDrkalkBh lq[kdj >kyk vkgs-
;k eafnjkr usgeh xnhZ ulrs( i.k prqFkhZ fdaok
l.kklqnhauk eksBh xnhZ gksrs- v'kk osGh fdyksehVjHkj jkaxkgh
ykxrkr- eafnj [kksy vlwu xkHkkÚ;kpk ekxZ Qkj v#an vkgs-
}kjkrwu okdwu tkos ykxrs- frFks tkxk Qkj deh vlY;kus
n'kZukyk frFks Qkj yksdkauk Fkkacrk ;sr ukgh- rs n'kZu ?ksÅu iq<s
fu?kkY;kojp R;kaP;k ekxhy HkDrkauk vkr tkrk ;srs- xnhZr
frFks eksdGh gok ;sr ukgh- vusd eafnjkapk th.kksZ)kj gksrks-
;kgh eafnjkpk th.kksZ)kj >kY;kl ewG <kpk u cnyrk nq:u
n'kZu ?ksrk ;sbZy o xkHkkÚ;krhy xnhZ VkGrk ;sbZy ;kn`"Vhus
leksjP;k izos'kkP;k }kjkpk Hkkx dk<Y;kl gh leL;k lqVw
'kdrs- vktdky Rofjr n'kZu gks.kkÚ;k o izlé] eksdGîkk
okrkoj.kkrhy nsoLFkkukauk tk.kkÚ;k Hkkfodkae/;s dekyhph ok<
>kyh vkgs- R;keqGs eafnjkps mRiégh ok<rs- vusd lsok ;kstuk
jkcork ;srkr- rsOgk dGacP;k fparke.khyk ;s.kkÚ;k Hkkfodkauk
n'kZuklkBh Qkj dkG fr"Br jkgkos ykxw u;s] ;klkBh
mik;;kstuk dj.;kph furkar vko';drk vkgs- rlsgh Jh
fparke.khps l/;kps ts izos'k}kj vkgs] rs izkphu ulkos-
;sFks dk;ZØeklkBh] fookgklkBh gkWy vkgs- jkg.;kph
lks; vkgs- LoPNrkx`gs vkgsr- ik.;kph lks; vkgs-
Hkkstuizlknkph lks; vkgs- vusd nkR;kauk ;sFks R;kaP;krQsZ Hkkstu
ns.;klkBhgh O;oLFkk vkgs- nsoLFkkukdMwu vxnh HkkaMîkkaiklwu
loZ lkfgR; feGrs- vosGh ;s.kkÚ;k HkDrkaP;k Hkkstuizlknkph
lks; u >kY;kl dGac&ukxiwj jksMoj /kkcsgh vkgsr vkf.k
;orekGlkj[ks 'kgj vxnh 23 fdyksehVjoj vlY;kus o ;k
ekxkZoj jk=Hkj ukxiwj&ukansMlkj[;k clsl pkyr vlY;kus
HkDrkauk vMp.k tkr ukgh-
,danjhr izkphu vls Jh fparke.kh nsoLFkku o

ifjljkrhy eafnjs ikg.;klkj[kh vkgsr- Qkj eksBîkk izek.kkoj
yksdkaph J)k fparke.khoj vkgs- fpark nwj d:u o HkDrkyk
iko.kkjk gk ijes'oj vlY;kps HkDr ekurkr-

Jh flf)fouk;d] dsG>j
Jh ,dpØk x.ks'k
jkek;.k vkf.k egkHkkjrkrhy vusd dFkkuds] ?kVuk
fonHkkZP;k Hkwehoj ?kMY;k vkgsr- o/kkZ ftYákrhy lsyw
rkyqD;krhy ^dsG>j* Eg.kts izkphu ^,dpØk uxjh*-
ukxiwj&o/kkZ egkekxkZoj ukxiwjiklwu lqekjs 52 fd-eh- varjkoj
vkf.k o/ksZiklwu 26 fd-eh- varjkoj vkgs- ;sFkhy ,dpØk
x.ks'k Eg.ktsp vktP;k dsG>jpk ^flf)fouk;d* gks;- ;k
xkokyk iwohZ ^dsG>jh* vlsgh EgVys xsys vlkos- gs nsoLFkku
eq[; ekxkZiklwu Qkj rj v/kkZ fd-eh- vkr VsdMhoj vkgs-

ikaMokaP;k 12 o"kkZaP;k ouoklkuarj ,d o"kkZP;k
vKkroklkP;k dkGkr rs fonHkkZr vkys gksrs- ,dpØk uxjhr
cdklqj ukokpk jk{kl jkgr gksrk- R;kyk jkst nksu cSyxkMîkk
vé ¼Hkkr½] nksu jsMs o xkMh us.kkjk ,d ekuo Hkkstukl ykxs-
njjkst ,dsdk ?kjpk Øekad vls- T;k ?kjpk Øekad vls] rs ?kj
nq%[kkr cqMkysys vlk;ps- gh ifjfLFkrh ikaMokauh cf?kryh- ,ds
fno'kh T;k ?kjh ikaMo Fkkacys gksrs] R;k ?kjpk Øekad vlrkuk
dqarhekrk Eg.kkyh] ^vkt ekÖ;k eqykl Hkhelsukl
¼cYyokpk;kZl½ tkÅ |k-* cdklqjkl HkhelsukP;k
lkeF;kZfo"k;h dkghp ekghr uOgrs- ,o<k vxMcac ekuo vkt
[kk;yk feG.kkj Eg.kwu rks [kq'k >kyk- izpaM ;q) >kys vkf.k
loZ vé Hkhekusp [kkÅu Vkdys- HkhekP;k gYY;kauh cdklqj
jDrcackG >kyk- e`R;qik'k Qsdwu Hkhekus cdklqjkl yksGoys]
;elnuh ikBoys- xkokus lqVdspk fu%'okl Vkdyk- ;q)kph
tkxk o/kkZ&ukxiwj eq[; ekxkZoj dsG>jP;k vkXus; fn'ksl
ckS)fogkjkekxs cdklqj fdaok rksaMîkk jk{kl eSnku Eg.kwu izfl)
vkgs-
;k ;q)kus cdklqjkyk yksGfo.kkjk cyk<îk ek.kwl
dks.k] v'kh fopkj.kk gksÅ ykxyh- Hkkjrkr QDr Hkhep gs
dk;Z d: 'kdrks] gs vusdt.k tk.kwu gksrs- rsOgk vKkroklkr
idMY;k tk.;kis{kk vki.k ;sFkwu fu?kwu xsysys cjs] vlk fopkj
d:u ikaMo nf{k.ksdMs vka/kzizns'kkr ljdys-
cdklqjkP;k e`R;wph Le`rh Eg.kwu ikaMokauh VsdMhoj
,dpØkuxjhpk fouk;d LFkkiu dsyk- rksp gk ,dpØkx.ks'k-
vls gs izkphu nsoLFkku-
cdklqjkP;k o/kkph iwoZr;kjh ;sFks >kyh vkf.k izR;{k
o/k vktP;k vejkorh ftYákrhy fp[kynÚ;kr >kyk v'khgh
dFkk lkafxryh tkrs- R;kyk ^dhpdnjk* vls EgVys xsys-
vktgh fp[kynÚ;kr dhpdnjk fdaok HkhedqaM Eg.kwu ,d njh
nk[kfoyh tkrs- ;sFksp Hkhekus cdklqjkps e`r 'kjhj Qsdys vls
lkafxrys tkrs- vls ?kMwgh 'kdrs- dkj.k vKkroklkr ikaMokauk
vkiyh vksG[k yior lrr fBdk.ks cnykoh ykxr gksrh- rs
VsdMîkk] taxys ;karwu vf/kd okLrO; djhr- fp[kynjk vkf.k
dsG>j gh nksUgh fBdk.ks map VsdMîkkaoj vkf.k nÚ;kauh ;qDr
vkgsr- rsOgk cdklqjkyk ek:u R;kps izsr ,dpØkuxjhrwu usÅu
dhpdnÚ;ke/;s Qsdys vlkos- ek= cyoku Hkhekus dsysY;k
dhpdkP;k o/kkeqGs rs uko dhpdnjk iMys vlsgh lkafxrys
tkrs-
eg"khZ of'k"Bkauh dsG>j ;k x.ks'k{ks=kph LFkkiuk dsyh
vlsgh ekuys tkrs- of'k"Viqjk.kkuqlkj of'k"Vequh ;k izkarkr
jkgkr gksrs- R;kauh ;sFks x.ks'kkph LFkkiuk dsyh- o/kkZ unhyk
;sFkwu izokgh dsys vkf.k o/kkZ unhP;k ukoko:u ;k x.ks'kkps
uko ôjnfouk;d* vls dsys xsys- Jhjkepanzkpk tUe >kyk
vkf.k of'k"Vkauh gh Hkweh lksMyh- Eg.kts ;k eafnjkpk bfrgkl
jkek;.kkiwohZi;Zar iksprks-
egkHkkjrdkyhu ;k eafnjkpk th.kkZs)kj ;knodkGkr
gsekMiarkus dsyk] vls ekuys tkrs-
ijdh; vkØe.kkr ;k nsoLFkkukph o uxjhph Qkj
ukl/kwl dj.;kr vkyh- v|kigh iwohZps oSHko ;k nsoLFkkukyk
izkIr >kys ukgh-
tGxko ftYákrhy ,jaMksy 'kgjkykgh ^,dpØkuxjh*
EgVys tkrs- cdklqjo/kkph dFkk R;k LFkkuk'khgh tksMyh tkrs
o ^HkhedqaM* ukokph tkxkgh nk[koyh tkrs-
okdkVdkauarj jktk izojlsukus ;k izfl) uxjhyk
vkiyh jkt/kkuh dsyh gksrh] vls Eg.krkr-
Hkkslys jkts tsOgk dksYgkiwjgwu ukxiwjyk LFkkf;d
gks.;kl fu?kkys] rsOgk R;kauh dsG>j ;sFks eqDdke dsyk gksrk]
R;kpsgh mYys[k dkgh fBdk.kh vk<Grkr-
mtO;k lksaMsph flf)fouk;dkph ewrhZ 'ksanwjfyafir
izfrek vlwu frph maph iko.ksikp QwV vkgs- ewrhZpk O;kl 4
QqVh vlkok- ewrhZP;k cktwus vkrk flagklukizek.ks cka/kdke
>kys vkgs- ewrhZP;k eLrdkojpk eqdqV gk vaxpk ukgh-
xaMLFkG f'kfYir dsysys vkgs- izfrek prqHkqZt vlkoh- ewrhZ
izkphu vkgs-
dsG>j gs ygkuls xko vkgs- xkokP;k if'pesl ,dk
VsdMhoj Jh ,dpØk x.ks'k izfr"Bkfir vkgs- ;k VsdMhyk
fdYyk EgVys tkrs- fdYY;kps iqjko'ks"k vR;Yi vkgsr-
eafnjkP;k if'pe fn'ksl map nxMh orqZGkdkj cq:t vlwu
R;kph cka/k.kh dkGîkk nxMkaph vkgs- rh vfr'k; etcwr vkgs-
dkgh pqU;kps o dkgh f'k';kps tksM fnysys vkgsr- N=irh
f'kokth egkjkt vkiY;k LFkkiR;kr vls forGysys f'kls
okijhr- cq#tkoj p<.;klkBh ik;Ú;k vkgsr- iwohZ ;sFks ikp
cq:t gksrs- vkrk lrrP;k nq#Lrh o leryhdj.kkus rs
vk<Gr ukghr- eafnjkP;k ckcrhrgh rlsp >kys vkgs- nq#LR;k
o th.kksZ)kjkus izkphursP;k cÚ;kp'kk [kq.kk vkrk yqIr gksr
pkyY;k vkgsr-
dsG>jpk gk fdYyk Jhear Hkkslys ;kaP;k rkC;kr
gksrk- eqGkr rks LFkkfud tehunkjkapk vlkok- fdYY;kP;k
iwosZl ykacypd i.k [kqth fHkar vkgs- iwohZ rh map vlkoh(
ijarq okjaokjP;k MkxMqthus lery dsyh vlkoh- ;kO;frfjDr
fdYY;kps vo'ks"k ukghr-
eq[; flf)fouk;d eafnjkP;k ik;Ú;k map vkgsr-
eafnj prq"dks.kkÑrh vksVîkkoj vkgs- vksVîkkP;k ckgsjhy fHkarhoj
n'kZuh; Hkkxkr dkgh lqVh f'kYis vkgsr- gh f'kYis eafnjkP;k
vklikl HkXukoLFksr lkiMyh vlkoh- frFksp R;kauk fHkarhr
jksoyh vlkoh-
;sFks gsekMiaFkh eafnjkps HkXu fpjs] pkSdksuh izLrj]
vksGacs loZ= fo[kqjysys vlY;kus gs eafnj ;knokaP;k dkGkrhy
Eg.kts 12 O;k fdaok 13 O;k 'krdkrhy vlkos fdaok R;kaP;k
dkGkr ;k izkphu eafnjkph eksBh MkxMqth >kyh vlkoh-
;k eafnjkps xHkZx`g izkphu vlys rjh leksjps cka/kdke
xsY;k dkgh o"kkZarhy vlkos- eafnjkpk lHkkeaMi iz'kLr vkf.k
LraHk;qDr vkgs- v"Vdksuh lHkkx`gkP;k iwosZl Jh vFkoZ'kh"kZ
Eg.k.kkÚ;k HkDrkalkBh O;oLFkk dsysyh fnlrs-
eafnjkr Jhx.ks'kkleksjP;k eaMikP;kp Hkkxkr foB~By
#fDe.khph ewrhZgh uarj izfr"Bkfir dj.;kr vkysyh vkgs-
;k eafnjkleksj uarj r;kj dj.;kr vkysyh dkgh
eafnjs vkgsr- R;kr ,dk ?kqeVhr ,d egky{ehph izkphu v'kh
dkGîkk nxMkph vfr'k; lqanj ewrhZ vkgs- fryk /kuJh nsoh
vlsgh Eg.krkr- 2013 P;k v[ksjhl eafnjkekxhy ik.;kP;k
Vkdhdfjrk [kksndke lq: vlrkuk nksu dkGîkk ik"kk.kkP;k
izkphu fo".kwizfrek vk<GY;k- R;k ;kp egky{eh eafnjkr nksu
cktwauk izfr"Bkfir dsY;k vkgsr- cktwP;k ,dk ?kqeVhr Jh
xtkuu egkjktkaph ewrhZ vkgs- ;k xkokr v'kk vusd izfrek
vk<GY;k vkgsr vkf.k vk<Grkr- R;kr dkgh tSu izfrekgh
vkgsr- R;keqGs gs xko fuf'prp izkphu vkgs- dkgh o"kkZaiwohZ
;sFkhy [kksndkekr vk<Gysyh vk.k[kh ,d Jhfo".kwaph izfrek
xkokr fLFkr vkgs- v'kk fofo/k ewR;kZ ikgwu loZ laiznk; ;sFks
xq.;kxksfoankus ukanys vlkosr vls okVrs-
;k eafnjkP;k mRrjsl nxMh ik;Ú;kapk ftuk vkgs-
R;krwu ykylj fpjscanh nxMh cka/kdkekP;k fofgjhi;Zar vki.k
iksprks- R;kyk ^x.ks'k dqaM* Eg.krkr- ;k fofgjhP;k ik;Ú;kaoj]
fHkarhaoj dkgh izkphu dkGkrhy lq'kksHku gksrs o dkgh HkXu
izfrekaps vo'ks"kgh fHkarhr fp.kwu BsoY;kps y{kkr ;srs- ek=
vkrk ,d x.ks'k izfrek oxGrk ckdh rsFkwu gyfoY;kps
fun'kZukl ;srs- R;kojhy f'kYikadukeqGs rs LFkkiR;
Hkkslys&xksaMkaiwohZps Eg.kts 11&12 O;k 'krdkrys Bjrs-
^dq'kkorhZ foghj* vlsgh ;k fofgjhyk EgVys tkrs- frps ik.kh
xksM vkgs- vls Eg.krkr dh ;k ik.;kus xtdj.k] blc]
dksaMk] uk;Vk] [k:t cjs gksrkr- ik.;kr xa/kd vlkos vls
okVrs- iq<s ;k fofgjhP;k iyhdMs utj VkdY;kl ,d
fp[ky;qDr ryko fnlrks- ;kyk ^x.ks'k ryko* vls Eg.krkr-
1993 e/;s ;k eafnjkpk th.kkZs)kj dj.;kr vkyk-
R;kosGh 1994 P;k egkf'kojk=hiwohZ [kksndkekr izkphu
f'kofyax vk<Gys- f'koyhyke`rkr v[ksjP;k ikBkr
,dpØkuxjhr T;ksfrfyZax vlY;kpk mYys[k vkgs- egky{ehph
ewrhZ rlsp gs f'kofyax lqekjs vMhp gtkj o"kkZaiwohZps vlkos]
vls EgVys tkrs- R;kpizek.ks tSukaps vkBos xq: panzizHkw Lokeh
;kaph th ewrhZ lkiMyh] rh vkBO;k 'krdkrhy vlkoh] vlk
d;kl ykoyk tkrks- ,danjhr gs nsoLFkku] gh uxjh] ák ewR;kZ
vR;ar izkphu v'kk vkgsr-

dsG>jP;k 'kkldh; fuoklLFkkukiklwu egkekxkZo:u
,d ygku Mkacjh lMd oGrs- dkgh fd-eh- varjkoj je.kh;
vls cksj/kj.k vkgs- ;k dkyO;kps [kksndke djrkuk izkphu
uk.kh vk<Gyh gksrh- frFks ,d vHk;kj.; vkgs- ;sFkwu toGp
lqQh lar ihj lkbZckckaph VsdMh vkgs-
dGaco:u dsG>jyk ;srkuk o/ksZuarj ioukjpk fouksck
Hkkos ;kapk vkJe o/ksZo:u 10 rj dsG>jiwohZ lqekjs 15 fd-
eh- varjkoj o/kkZ unhP;k rhjkoj vkgs- rsFkhy ewR;kZgh
ikg.;klkj[;k vkgsr- Jh xaxk Hkxorhph okdkVddkyhu
izfrek ioukjP;k vkJekP;k ekxP;k cktwyk ,dk ?kqeVhr fLFkr
vkgs- ;sFks xaxk L=h:ikr vlwu ekstds nkfxus] dqadqe fryd
vlysyh o leksj /kko.;kP;k eqnzsr vlysyh gh ewrhZ Qkjp
lqanj vkgs- unhP;k [kMdkG ik=kr cjsp f'kofyax nxMkr
dksjysys vkgsr- eksBeksBîkk f'kGk vkgsr- ,[kk|k f'kGsoj clwu
unhP;k ik.;kr ik; cqMowu clk;ph ekSt dkgh osxGhp
vlrs- ek= ikolkGîkkr unhps ik= pkaxysp Qqxrs- izokg
tksjnkj vlY;kus euq"; [kspyk tkrks- rsOgk R;kosGh tjk
lkaHkkGwup!

osG vlY;kl o/ksZe/khy egkRek xka/khP;k okLrO;kus
ikou >kysY;k lsokxzkeykgh HksV |koh- ,sfrgkfld egRRo
vlysys o 'kklukus lajf{kr dsysys vls gs LFkG vkgs-
dsG>jo:u ukxiwjdMs tkrkuk vxnh ikp rs lkr
fefuVkr eksVkjhus egkekxkZojp [kMdhpk ek#rh izfl) vkgs-
;kp eafnjkr foB~By #fDe.kh] xtkuu egkjkt] f'kofyax vknh
izfrek vkgsr- nj 'kfuokjh o ek#rhP;k l.kkauk HkkstukoGh
vlrkr-
dsG>jps gs eafnj vkf.k flf)fouk;dkph ewrhZ vR;ar

lqanj vlwu fofo/k ewR;kZ vkf.k R;kaph eafnjsgh vkd"kZd vkgsr-
eafnjkph Lor%ph osclkbZV vkgs- ;sFks ik.;kph lks; pkaxyh
vkgs- fHkdkÚ;kapk =kl ukgh- egkekxkZoj vlY;kus
;s.;ktk.;kl lksf;Ldj vls gs nsoLFkku vkgs-

Jh VsdMh x.ks'k] ukxiwj
ukxiwjP;k VsdMh x.ks'kkus v"Vx.ks'kkaph lk[kGh iw.kZ
gksrs vls Eg.krkr- ukxiwj jsYos LFkkudkiklwu if'pe fn'ksyk
ckgsj iMY;koj mtO;k gkrkyk gk lhrkcMhZpk VsdMh x.ks'k
fnlrks- ik;h tk.;klkj[ks gs varj vkgs- iwohZlkj[ks vkrk R;k
VsdMhoj p<Y;klkj[ksgh okVr ukgh] brds leryhdj.k >kys
vkgs- gs x.kirh eafnj lhrkcMhZ fdYY;kP;k iwoZ mrkjkoj vlwu
dkgh dkGkiwohZ rs y"djh fucZaf/kr {ks=kr eksMr gksrs-

ukxiqjkr xksaM jktkaP;k iwohZ b-l- 14 O;k 'krdkr
lhrkcMhZ ifjljkrhy nksu NksVîkk VsdMîkkaP;k vk/kkjkus Jh-
flryizlkn o Jh- cnzhizlkn ukokps nksu xoGhca/kw jkT; djhr
gksrs- gs mRrj Hkkjrkrwu i'kq/ku ?ksÅu ;k ifjljkr vkys vkf.k
;k VsdMhP;k vk/kkjkus ;sFks LFkkf;d >kys- gs iq<s jkts >kys dh
tehunkj gs uDdh lkaxrk ;s.kkj ukgh( ijarq R;kaP;k
vk|k{kjko:u ^flrycnzh* vls ;k VsdMhps ukedj.k >kys- iq<s
rs ^lhrkcnzh* vkf.k uarj ^lhrkcMhZ* vls viHkazf'kr :ikr
vksG[kys xsys- vkt gh oLrh lhrkcMhZ ukokP;k mioLrho:u
vksG[kyh tkrs-
iwohZ ;sFks ?kunkV vj.; gksrs- ;sFks fpRrs okojr vlr-
R;keqGs ;k ifjljkyk ^fpRrkcMhZ*] uarj ^fprkcMhZ* vkf.k
dkykarjkus ^lhrkcMhZ* Eg.kwu vksG[kys xsys] vlk ,d
erizokg vkgs-
1866 e/;s jsYos LVs'ku rs lqHkk"k iqrGk ;k jLR;kps
dke lq: gksrs- R;kosGh [kksndke djrkuk gh Lo;aHkw ewrhZ
'kehP;k >kMkP;k cqa/;kyk ykxwu gksrh- Hkkslys jktoVhr rh
xzkensork vlkoh- gh izfrek tsOgk vk<Gyh rsOgk ,dk,dh <x
tek >kys] [kwi fotkapk dMdMkV >kyk vkf.k [kwi eqlG/kkj
ikÅl iMyk vls HkDrkarQsZ lkafxrys tkrs-
okdkVdkauarj ;knokaP;k dkGkr ;k eafnjkpk th.kksZ)kj
dj.;kr vkyk- lk/kkj.kr% ckjkO;k 'krdkr gseknzhiafMrkaus ewG
nsÅG cka/kys vlkos-
iwohZ VsdMh x.ks'kkph ewrhZ HkksdjhP;k >kMk[kkyh
m?kMîkkoj gksrh- y"djkP;k rkC;krhy ;k tkxseqGs cka/kdkekph
ijokuxh uOgrh- 1920 e/;s ;sFks fVukps 'ksM mHkkjys xsys-
1972 i;Zar rs gksrs- eafnjktoG oM&fiaiG gksrs- vktgh
vkgs- jsYos LVs'ku uohu >kY;koj 1922&23 iklwu ;k
eafnjkr yksd n'kZuklkBh ;sÅ ykxys- 1924 e/;s dkgh
vVhaoj laj{k.k [kkR;kus i«;kph [kksih cka/k.;kph ijokuxh
fnyh- eafnjkr 1948 e/;s oht vkyh- 1964&65 e/;s
laj{k.k [kkR;kus 150 QqVkaph tkxk nsÅu dqai.k ?kky.;kph
ijokuxh fnyh- R;kosGh Lo- ;'koarjko pOgk.k laj{k.k ea=h
gksrs- ek= rsFks dk;e Lo:ikps eafnj] /keZ'kkGk fadaok iqtkÚ;kl
jkg.;klkBh fuoklLFkku cka/k.;kph eukbZ gksrh- iq<s 1975 e/;s

flesaV dk¡ØhVps NksVs[kkuh eafnj cka/k.;kr vkys vkf.k 1985
e/;s nsoGkrhy xkHkkÚ;koj laxejoj yko.;kr vkys-
vkt eafnj cjsp cnyys vkgs- cktwus >kysY;k
mM~Mk.kiqyko:ugh eafnjn'kZu gksrs- ukxiwjlkj[;k egkuxjkP;k
e/;kr gs eafnj vlY;kus vkt eafnjkr [kwi xnhZ gksrs-
ns.kxhnkj eksBîkk izek.kkoj vkgsr- R;keqGs eafnjkyk oSHko izkIr
gksr vkgs- brj nsoLFkkukaizek.ks ;k ;sFkhy Jh x.ks'kgh tkx`r
vlwu uolkyk ikorks] vls Hkkfod ekurkr-

>kMkrwup ;k ewrhZpk mxe >kyk vlY;keqGs vkf.k
rh 'ksanjkus ek[kyh vlY;kus ewrhZ vkt lqLi"V
vkdkj&Lo:ikr ukgh- fo'kky Hkkyizns'k] lksusjh MksGîkkarhy
jkSnzHkko] xaMLFkGkP;k Bso.kho:u frps HkO;i.k y{kkr ;srs- gh
ewrhZ 500 o"kkZaiwohZph vlkoh- rh xksaM jktkP;k dkGkr
?kMfoyh vlkoh- rh iwtsrhy ewrhZ gksrh vkf.k gk Hkkx
y"djkP;k rkC;kr gksrk- R;keqGs vf/kd [kksndke >kys ukgh-
eafnjkpk bfrgkl lhrkcMhZ fdYY;kfo"k;h vlysY;k xzaFkkar
vk<Gr ukgh- gs LFkku Hkkslysdkyhu vlkos- iwohZ 'kqØokjh
rykokps ik.kh cMhZP;k fdYY;ki;Zar gksrs- Hkkslys jkts
egkykrwu ukosus x.ks'kn'kZukl ;sr-
lhrkcMhZP;k ;k x.ks'k eafnjkP;k ik;F;k'kh nf{k.k
cktwl ,d ûkxiwjph nsoh* Eg.kwu Bk.ks vkgs- rh xzkensork
gksrh dh ukgh] gs fuf'pr ukgh- iwohZ ;k ifjljkr vk<Gysyk
,d f'kykys[k ukxiwjP;k laxzgky;kr Bsoyk vkgs- R;koj xkbZ
dksjysY;k vlwu pkyqD; jktk lgkok foØekfnR; ;kpk
ekaMfyd jktk egkjk"VªdwVoa'kh /kkaMheaMd ákP;k oklqnso uked
naMuk;dkus xkbZP;k pkÚ;klkBh dkgh fuorZus tehu nku
fnY;kpk mYys[k vkgs- gk loZ mYys[k fczfV'k vf/kdkjh
dfuaxgWe ;kus vkiY;k vgokykr dsyk gksrk- gk ys[k 11 O;k
'krdkrhy vlwu ^lhrkcMhZpk ys[k* Eg.kwu vksG[kyk tkrks-
ek= Jh-ds- fprGs ;kauh R;kaP;k ^fonHkkZrhy
v"Vx.ks'kLFkkus* ;k iqLrdkr ;klanHkkZr dkgh ers ekaMyh
vkgsr- R;kuqlkj gk f'kykys[k ewGpk panziwj ftYákrhy
Hkkandpk vkgs] gs fouk;djko vkSjaxkckndj ukokps baxztkaps
nqHkk"kh gksrs R;kauh o MkW-;-[kq- ns'kikaMs ;kauh ^bafM;u vkWQhl
Mk;jh* P;k dkxni=kao:u fl) dsys vkgs- tsOgk gs loZ
f'kykys[k ukxiwjP;k laxzgky;kr ladfyr dsys rsOgk gk
f'kykys[k dks.kR;k xkopk] ;kpk mYys[k ulY;kus ?kksVkGk
>kyk- HknzkorhP;k ojnfouk;dklaca/kh ekfgrhr T;k
f'kykys[kkpk mYys[k vkyk vkgs] rks gk vlkok-
lhrkcMhZph oLrh [kwi izkphu ulkoh- xoGîkkaP;k
oLR;k ikp&lgk'ks o"kkZaiwohZ ;sFks gksR;k- x.ks'k izfrek brdh
izkphu vlkoh] vls okVr ukgh- T;k HkkslY;kapk mYys[k
;kiwohZ dsyk vkgs rs jkts j?kqth f}rh; 'kqØokjh rykokrwu
ukosus ;k x.ks'k n'kZukyk ;k;ps- R;kaP;klkscr xk;d vkf.k
R;kaph ok|sgh lkscr vlk;ph o rs lw;kZLrkl ijr egkykr

tkr] v'kk o.kZukaeqGs gh izfrek rhu'ks o"kkZaiwohZph fuf'prp
Bjrs-
eafnjkP;k e/;Hkkxh vlysyh gh x.ks'k ewrhZ fo'kky
vkgs- frps eksBs xaMLFkG] R;koj vlysyk Hkkypanz] ykac 'kqaM]
lqi.kZd.kZ] fdafpr jkSnz Hkko vlysys us= vkgsr- gh f'kGk
jDrk'eLo:ikph vkgs- ek= 'ksanwjysiukus ewrhZyk gkr fdrh]
gkrkr vk;q/ks fdrh gs fuf'pr lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- ewrhZP;k ekxs
vlysys o`{kkps HkO; [kksM vtwugh rlsp Bsoys vkgs o R;koj
Nr mHkkjys vkgs-
lHkkeaMi vkt 50 ck; 50 QqVkpk vkgs- R;kph
okjaokj nq#Lrh o cka/kdke gksr xsY;kus vkt gs eafnj
vkd"kZ.kkps dsanz Bjys vlwu HkDrkaph jh?k ykxrs- vkt
/keZ'kkGk] LyWc] daikSaM] ik;Ú;k] izos'k}kj] ik.kh O;oLFkk]
ikdhZax O;oLFkk v'kk lxGîkk lks;h >kysY;k vkgsr- eafnj jk=h
12 rs igkVs 5 i;Zar can vlrs- ;k eafnjkr njjkst lqekjs
5000 HkDr ;srkr vkf.k prqFkhZ o l.kklqnhyk rj gk vkdMk
50000 i;Zar tkrks- cÚ;kiSdh ns.kxhph vkod vlysY;k ;k
eafnjkps ladsrLFkG Eg.kts osclkbZVlq)k vkgs- VªLV eksBh o
jftLVMZ vkgs- eksBîkk izek.kkoj /kkfeZd dk;ZØe ;sFks gksr
vlrkr- VªLVus th.kksZ)kjkpk ekLVj IyWu r;kj dsyk vlwu
iwohZps :i iw.kZr% ikyVwu tkbZy vls okVrs- izkphursP;k
dks.kR;k [kq.kk f'kYyd jkgrhy gk iz'u ek= vkgs-
;k eafnjkrp ,dk cktwl mRrjkfHkeq[kh ,d rG?kj
gksrs] vkrk dsoG rhu ik;Ú;k [kkyh frFksp Jh dkyHkSjokph
izkphu izfrek izfr"Bkfir vkgs- [kkyh u mrjrk n'kZu ?ksrk ;srs-
;kf'kok; vk.k[kh ,d HkO; x.ks'kewrhZ] egky{eh] guqeku
;kaP;kgh ewR;kZ vkgsr-
;kp eafnjkP;k mRrjsl Hkkjr ljdkjps lSU; Hkjrh
dk;kZy; vkgs- frFks vk.k[kh ,d x.ks'k eafnj vlwu R;kl
^QkSth x.kirh* Eg.krkr- lSU;kpk ifjlj vlY;kus rsFks ,dne
uhjo 'kkarrk vlrs] xnhZ ulrs- ifjlj lqanj fulxkZus os<ysyk
vkgs-

ukxiqjkr vkf.k vktwcktwyk [kwi dkgh ikg.;klkj[ks
vkgs- lhrkcMhZpk fdYyk] Jh xhrk eafnj] vack>jh ryko o
m|ku] lsfeujh fgYl] rsyax[ksMh m|ku] rsyax[ksMhtoGph
izkphu eafnjs] ukxiwj lq/kkj izU;klph fofo/k m|kus] Øs>h dWly
vWE;q>esaV ikdZ] lkriqMk ckWVuhdy xkMZu] MkW- gsMxsokj ;kaps
js'kheckxsrhy Le`freafnj] egkjkt ckx] vtc caxyk
¼laxzgky;½] je.k foKku dsanz] nh{kkHkweh] uouohu ekWYl]
¶yk; vksOglZ] dksjkMhph nsoh] dkeBhpk MªWxu iWysl] dksa<kGh
jksMojps cktkjxko ;sFkhy Qu v¡M QwM okWVj ikdZ bR;knh
fBdk.ks ikg.;klkj[kh vkgsr- lhrkcMhZpk fdYyk gk y"djkP;k
rkC;kr vlY;kus rks dsoG 15 vkWxLV o 26 tkusokjhykp
ikgrk ;srks-

oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkr ;k x.ks'kkpk lekos'k gks.;kps
dkj.k ukxiwj 'kgjkr x.ks'kkph vU; izkphu ewrhZ vk<Gysyh
ukgh- fonHkkZph jkt/kkuh] Hkkjrkph i;kZ;h mijkt/kkuh vkf.k
egkjk"Vªkphgh mijkt/kkuh letys tk.kkjs ukxiwj oSnHkhZ;
v"Vfouk;dkar vl.ks dkGkph xjt gksrh- HkkslY;kaph J)k]
R;kaps fuR;usekus ;sFks n'kZukdfjrk ukosrwu ;s.ks ;kuqlkj gk
VsdMh x.ks'k v"Vfouk;dkar lekfo"V >kyk vlkok- f'kok;
nh?kZdkG gk Hkkx y"djkP;k rkC;kr jkfgY;kus gh ewrhZ yqIr
voLFksr gksrh- vkt oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkarhy lokZr Jhear
nsoLFkku Eg.kwu gs lhrkcMhZ x.ks'k eafnj izfl)hl vkys vkgs-
ukxiwj egkuxjkP;k vxnh e/;orhZ fBdk.kh vkf.k jsYos
LVs'kuo:u ik;h tk.;kP;k varjkoj vlY;kus HkDrkaP;k
vkd"kZ.kkps dsanz >kys vkgs-

v"Vfouk;d ;k=k d'kh djkoh\
vkrk HkDrkauk iz'u iMsy dh ;k oSnHkhZ;
v"Vfouk;dkaph ;k=k d'kh djkoh\ eyk vls okVrs dh
ijes'ojp tj vkiyk ekrk vkf.k firk vlsy rj rks vkiY;k
viR;kaoj dqBY;kgh dkj.kkus jkx /kj.kkj ukgh- v'kh lgy
dsyh rj ijes'oj ikosy vkf.k myV dsyh rj Jh x.ks'kkpk
vieku gksbZy] ;k fopkjkrwu izFker% vki.k ckgsj vkys
ikfgts- fueZG eukus o HkfDrHkkousus tksMysys gkrgh ijes'ojh
Ñisl ik= vkgsr- vkiyk thouekxZ tj pkaxyk vlsy] rj
loZ'kfDreku ijes'ojkpk vk'khokZn izR;sd {k.kh vkiY;k
lkscrp vlrks-
oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkph ;k=k vki.k dqBs jkgr
vkgksr] ;koj dqBwu lq: djk;ph] gs T;kus R;kus Bjoys
ikfgts- iq.;keqacbZdMwu fdaok fonHkkZP;k if'pesdMwu ;s.kkjh
HkDr eaMGh izkjaHkhpk eqDdke dqBs dj.kkj] ;koj iq<hy ;k=k
Bjokoh-
vki.k iwoZ fonHkkZpk udk'kk tj ikfgyk rj ukxiwjgwu
;k v"Vfouk;dkaiSdh lokZr uS_R;syk vkgs ;orekG ftYgk
vkf.k R;kr vl.kkjk dGacpk Jh fparke.kh- Jh fparke.kh
dGaciklwu bZ'kkU;sdMs ukxiwj ekxkZoj o/kkZ o lsywuarj
dsG>jpk flf)fouk;d vkgs- rsFkwu ijr bZ'kkU;sdMs ukxiwjpk
VsdMh x.ks'k vkgs- ukxiwjP;k ok;O;sdMs vknk';kpk Jh
'kehfo?us'k vkgs- vknk';kiklwu iwosZdMs jkeVsdpk v"Vkn'kHkqtk
x.ks'k vkgs- jkeVsdP;k nf{k.ksl esa<îkkpk Eg.ktsp HkaMkÚ;kpk
Hk`'kqaMx.ks'k vkf.k iqUgk nf{k.ksl iouhpk Jh iapkuu-
iouhiklwu uS_R;sdMs Hkkandpk Eg.kts Hknzkorhpk ojnfouk;d
vkgs- vls gs orwZG vkgs-
QDr v"Vfouk;dp djk;ps vlrhy vkf.k ;k=k tj
ukxiwjo:u Lor%P;k okgukus lq: djk;ph rj igkVsph
VsdMhx.ks'kkph dkdMvkjrh d:u vknk';kyk izLFkku djrk
;srs fdaok ljG ,dk rklkr vknk';kyk ikspwu frFks ldkGph
vkjrh djrk ;srs- vknk';kgwu jkeVsdpk ekxZ ?;ko;kpk-
jkeVsd lqekjs 59 fd-eh- oj vkgs- Eg.kts nhM rkl izokl-
v"Vkn'kHkqtk x.ks'kkps n'kZu ?ksÅu nf{k.ksdMs 71 fd-eh- oj
HkaMkjk xkBk;ps- nhM rklkaP;k ;k izoklkuarj esa<îkkP;k
Hk`'kqaMx.ks'kkps n'kZu ?ksÅu Hkkstukpk vkLokn ?;k;pk-
HkkstuksRrj vk.k[kh nf{k.ksdMs 59 fd-eh- oj
iouhdMs ljdk;ps- iouhP;k iapkuukps n'kZu ?ksÅu
HknzkorhdMs dwp djk;ps- iouh rs Hknzkorh lqekjs 120 fd-eh-
varj vkgs- jk=h Hknzkorhr ikspY;koj tSu eafnjkP;k HkO; v'kk
/keZ'kkGsr eqDdke djk;pk- jkg.;kps cqdhax vk/kh d:u
Bsokos- eafnjkP;k ladsrLFkGkyk HksV |koh- laidZ lk/kwu O;oLFkk
d:u Bsokoh-
ldkGh mBwu HkkandP;k ojnfouk;dkph vkjrh
djk;ph vkf.k 150 fd-eh- ojhy dGacdMs iz;k.k djk;ps-
o.kh] ekjsxko] oMdh] jkGsxko] dGac vlk ekxZ lks;hpk
Bjrks- nqljk ekxZ Hknzkorh] ojksjk] o.kh] ekjsxko] mejh
tksMeksgk] dGac vlk vkgs- nksUgh izoklkr ojksjk ekxsZ tkrk
;srs fdaok ljG Hknzkorho:u o.kh ekxZ vkgs( i.k dksG'kkP;k
VªdP;k okgrqdhps izek.k Qkj vkgs- jLrk lek/kkudkjd ukgh-
rlkgh o.khpk iV~Vk gk dksG'kkpkp vkgs- ika<jh eksVkj dkGh
gksrs] brdh /kwG vkf.k dksG'kkph HkqdVh o.khi;Zar vkgs-
Hknzkorh&dGac gk izokl pkj rklkapk vkgs-
Jh fparke.kh] dGac ;sFks n'kZu vkVksiwu eafnjkrhy
Hkkstukpk vFkkZr izlknkpk vkLokn ?;kok- cgqrsd fno'kh dq.kk
uk dq.kk HkDrkps fdaok nsoLFkkups Hkkstu vlrs- ulY;kl
ukxiwj] o/kkZ ekxkZoj /kkcs vkgsrp- o/kkZ ekxsZ dsG>jdMs jokuk
Ogk;ps- dsG>j 72 fd-eh- varjkoj vkgs- gk izokl nksu
rklkapk vkgs- dsG>jykgh egkizlkn cjspnk vlrkr] HkDrkarQsZ
Hkkstu vlrs fdaok frFkwu iq<s ukxiwjdMs 10 fd-eh- oj
egkekxkZojp [kMdhpk ek#rh vkgs- 'kfuokj fdaok ek#rhpk
l.k vlY;kl fdrhrjh HkDrkaph HkkstukoG lq: vlrs-
jLR;kus tkrk tkrk n'kZu vo'; ?;kos- vusd okgus frFks
Fkkacysyhp vlrkr-
lk;adkG gksr vkysyh vlsy- v'kk osGh 52 fd-eh-
ojhy ukxiwjdMs fu?kk;ps- ,dk rklkr ukxiwj xkBrk ;srs]
vlk lqanj gk;os >kysyk vkgs- cqVhcksjhiklwu rj lgk injh
ekxZ vkgs- ukxiwjP;k VsdMh x.ks'kkph vkjrh xkBrk vkyh rj
Qkjp cjs! vkf.k ex oSnHkhZ; v"Vfouk;dkaph gh vkorZ lgy
iw.kZ >kY;kP;k lek/kkukr ukxiwjP;k eqDdkeh foJkarh ?;koh-
gh nksu fnolkaph lgy dsoG v"Vfouk;dkaph >kyh-
tj vkiY;kyk vU; i;ZVu LFkGs c?kr lgy djk;ph vlsy
rj ex fdeku 4 fnolkapk dk;ZØe vk[kkok- jkg.;kP;k lks;h
cgqrsd fBdk.kh gksÅ 'kdrhy- dkgh fBdk.kh eafnjkps
HkDrfuokl vkgs- QDr iouh] jkeVsd] esa<k ;sFks HkDrfuokl
ukgh- ek= loZ 'kgjkaP;k fBdk.kh gkWVsYl vkgsrp- jkeVsdyk
/keZ'kkGk vkgsr- dGac] dsG>jyk eafnjkyxr HkDrfuoklkr
eqDdkekph lks; vkgs- tSu eafnjkeqGs Hknzkorhr jkg.;kph lks;
gksrsp vkf.k tj ukghp >kyh rj panziwj vxnh toG vkgs-
frFks Hkjiwj gkWVsYl vkgsr- dGacP;k toG 23 fd-eh- oj
;orekG 'kgj vkgs- dsG>jo:u rj o/kkZ dk; ukxiwjgh
toG iMrs- vknk'kk] jkeVsd gh rj ukxiwjP;k VII;kryhp
fBdk.ks vkf.k esa<k Eg.kts HkaMkjk 'kgjp- ,danjhr dk; dqBsgh
vMp.k tk.kkj ukgh- QDr iwoZfu;kstu vlkos- jk=hpk izokl
ek= VkGkok-
tj ukxiqjkr jkgwup n'kZu ;k=k djk;ph vlsy vkf.k
nksUgh fno'kh jk=h ukxiqjkr ijr ;sÅu eqDdke djk;pk vlsy
rj FkksMk osG vf/kd ykxrks vkf.k Je vf/kd gksrkr- v'kk
osGh ifgY;k fno'kh vknk'kk] jkeVsd] esa<k vkf.k iouh d:u
ukxiqjkr ijrkos- nqlÚ;k fno'kh Hkkand] dGac] dsG>j vkf.k
'ksoVh ukxiwjpk VsdMh x.ks'k vlk xksy ?;kok- ek= nksUgh
fno'kh ikspk;yk ukxiqjkr m'khj gksÅ 'kdrks] ;kph r;kjh
Bsokoh- R;krY;k R;kr nqlÚ;k fno'kh rj gksrksp- rsOgk
ukxiwjpk VsdMh x.ks'k d:u fu?kkos Eg.kts dsG>jgwu ukxiqjkr
ikspk;yk [kwi m'khjgh >kyk rjh gjdr ukgh- dsG>jps eafnj
8 oktrk can gksrs- ex ckgs:up n'kZu ?;kos ykxrs-
rhu fnolkaph lgy dsY;kl ifgY;k fno'kh
ukxiwjo:u VsdMh x.ks'kklg vknklk ¼vknk'kk½] jkeVsd djkos-
nqlÚ;k fno'kh esa<k] iouh o Hknzkorh djkos- frlÚ;k fno'kh
dsG>j o dGac djkos- ;k izoklkr loZp ekxZ mRre vkgsr o
ekoGrhi;Zar ijr ;srk ;srs-

if'pe egkjk"Vªkrhy HkDrkauh Lor%P;k xkMhus
vkY;kl dGac] dsG>j] ukxiwj] vknklk] jkeVsd] esa<k] iouh]
Hknzkorh vls vkorZ n'kZu ?;kos- osGsph cpr gksrs- jsYosus
;s.kkÚ;k if'pe egkjk"Vªkrhy eaMGhauh ukxiwj gs eqDdkekps
LFkG fuoMY;kl loZ lks;h gksrkr- Lor%P;k fdaok HkkMîkkP;k
okgukus fQj.ks ek= vko';d Bjrs- vU;Fkk clsl rj vkgsr(
i.k eksBîkk izek.kkoj izR;sd ekxkZoj ukghr] vkf.k osG [kwi
tkrks-
izR;sd fouk;dktoGhy ifjljkps o.kZu dsys vkgsp-
gkrk'kh ,d iw.kZ fnol vlsy rj panziwj ftYákrhy
ojksÚ;kiklwu toG vlysys Eg.ktsp Hknzkorhiklwugh Qkjls
varj ulysys rkMksck vHk;kj.; ikg.;kl fol: udk-
fdrhrjh izk.kh vxnh ok?kgh vkiY;kyk n'kZu nsrhy( i.k iwoZ
cqdhax dj.;klkBh ladsrLFkGkpk vk/kkj t:u ?;k- osGsoj
izos'kkps fdaok jkg.;kps cqdhax gksr ukgh-
prqFkhZ vkf.k Jhx.ks'kk'kh lacaf/kr l.k oxGrk
dqBY;kgh eafnjkr Qkj'kh xnhZ jkg.kkj ukgh- ek= mijksDr fnuh
ykacyp jkaxkar mHks jkgwu n'kZu ?;ko;kps EgVY;kl nksu fnol
viqjs iMrhy- rsOgk O;ofLFkr fu;kstu d:u HkDrkauh i;ZVu
vkf.k Jh x.ks'kn'kZu vlk nqgsjh ;ksx tqGowu vk.kkok vkf.k
fonHkkZrhy izkphu v'kk v"Vfouk;dkaps rlsp brj 'kD;
frrD;k LFkGkaps n'kZu ?;kos- eu izlé >kY;kf'kok; jkg.kkj
ukgh] ;kph 'kk'orh ?;koh-
AA Jh x.ks'kk; ue% AA

lanHkZ xzaFk @ fu;rdkfyds @o`Rri=s
1- ^pkjpkS?kh* ekfld] x.kirh fo'ks"kkad] iq.ks] lIVsacj] 2008
2- ^panziwjpk bfrgkl*] v-t- jktwjdj] gfjoa'k izdk'ku] panziwj]
izFkeko`Rrh] 1956
3- ^nS- r#.k Hkkjr*] ukxiwjps fofo/k vad
4- ^nS- fnO; ejkBh*] vejkorhps fofo/k vad
5- ^nS- ns'kksérh*] ukxiwjps fofo/k vad
6- ^nS- yksdnwr*] ;orekGps fofo/k vad
7- ^nS- yksder*] ukxiwjps fofo/k vad
8- ^nS- yksdlRrk*] ukxiwjps fofo/k vad
9- ûkxiwjpk lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl*] ns-tks- ykaMxs
10- ûkxiwj ijx.;krhy v"Vfouk;d*] MkW- ckG inokM] ukxiwj
11- ^Hknzkorh n'kZu*] [kq'kkynkl dkeMh] oRlfouk;d izdk'ku]
iq.ks] izFkeko`Rrh] 2009
12- ^Hkkjrh; laLÑfrdks'k*] laik- egknso'kkL=h tks'kh] fofo/k
[kaM] Hkkjrh; laLÑfrdks'k eaMG] iq.ks] izFkeko`Rrh] 1964 rs
1979
13- ejkBh fo'odks'k] laik- y{e.k'kkL=h tks'kh vkf.k brj
fofo/k [kaM] egkjk"Vª jkT; laLÑrh eaMG] eqacbZ] izFkeko`Rrh
14- ^fonHkkZrhy v"Vx.ks'kLFkkus*] Jh- ds- fprGs] gfjoa'k
izdk'ku] panziwj] izFkeko`Rrh] 2008
15- ^Jh x.ks'k dks'k*] laik- vejsanz xkMxhG] iq.ks
16- ^Jh {ks= fparke.kh dGac*] MkW- iou ekaModj] MkW- HkkÅ
ekaModj la'kks/ku dsanz] dGac] izFkeko`Rrh] 2010
;kf'kok; fofo/k eafnjkaph laadsrLFkGs o xwxyo:u izkIr ekfgrh-
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Vaidarbhiya Ashtavinayak (Marathi)

Book · September 2015

: Study of Literature of Daya Pawar View project

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 2

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 7

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 24

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 26

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 27

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 29

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 34

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 46

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 48

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 49

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 55

वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 56

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 57

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 60

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वैदभ य अ ट वनायक / डॉ. पवन मांडवकर / 62

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