FLUP Monkayo

2019 -2023
4 8 t h Regular Session
18'^ R e g u l a r S e s s i o n
July 2 7 , 2 0 2 0 -
O F F I C E O F T H E SANGGUNIANG B A Y A N
=oOo=
EXCERPT FROM THE MINUTES O FTHE REGULAR SESSION O F THE
SANGGUNIANG BAYAN O FMONKAYO, DAVAO D EORO HELD ATTHE SB
S E S S I O N H A L L O N M O N D A Y , J U L Y 2 7 ,2 0 2 0 -
P R E S E N T : Hon. J o a n n a Aileen A Gentugaya, Presiding Officer

(Municipal Vice Mayor)
Hon. Jocelyn Cabag-Burgos, Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. Marlon H.Tumaob, Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. Kimberly Benazir M a yR Codilla,Sangguniang B a y a n Member
Hon. Joel D. Basanes II, Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. Ronald T. Manzano, Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. Avelino T. Cabag, Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. Antonio F. Saavedra, Jr., Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. A l l e n L. Cabag, L N M B - Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. Paulino T . Sebio - IPMR- Sangguniang Bayan Member
Hon. I v a n Jello E Cajes, PPSK- Sangguniang Bayan Member
ABSENT : Hon. Brendo T . Ceniza, Sangguniang Bayan Member
R E S O L U T I O N N O .1 6 2
A R E S O L U T I O N A P P R O V I N G T H E F O R E S T L A N D U S E P L A N (FLUP) 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 O F
T H E MUNICIPALITY O F MONKAYO, DAVAO D E ORO.
W H E R E A S , t h e m e m b e r s o f the a u g u s t Body received a copy o f Resolution

No. 2 3 ,series-2020 o f t h e M u n i c i p a l Development Council (MDC), this
municipality, re a resolution adopting t h eForest L a n d U s e P l a n (FLUP) 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3
o f t h e M u n i c i p a l i t y o f M o n k a y o , D a v a o d e O r o , c o n t e n t s o f w h i c h i s self-
e x p l a n a t o r y , f o r S a n g g u n i a n g B a y a n a p p r o v a l a n d e n d o r s e m e n t t ot h e D E N R -
R e g i o n a l Office, w a s p r e s e n t e d f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n a n d a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n ;
W H E R E A S , forest l a n d u s e plan is vital i n development d u e t o increasing

h u m a n p o p u l a t i o n w i t h growing needs locally a n d i n a global context, t h e
transformation o f forests t o other l a n d u s e types s u c h as agriculture a n d pasture,
for settlement, m i n i n g , technical infrastructure, etc., have r e s u l t e d i nefforts t o
forecast t h esustainabilityo f l a n d u s ebased o n historical development, t h ec u r r e n t
state a n dpotentials;
W H E R E A S , t h e F L U P for 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 o f M o n k a y o includes m o r e aggressive

strategies t orehabilitate a n d restore degraded n a t u r a l resources, a n d protect t h e
fragile ecosystems w h i l e i m p r o v i n g t h ewelfare o f resource-based dependent
communities, a n d involves t h eexecution o f general strategies i n t h e
implementation of Forest Land Use Plan.
W H E R E F O R E , o n motion of Sangguniang Bayan Member Joel D. Basanes II,

d u l y j o i n t l y seconded b y S a n g g u n i a n g B a y a n M e m b e r s A l l e n L. C a b a g a n d Avelino
T. Cabag, i t w a s
1 I Page/Res. No. 162' 2020

4 8 t h Regular Session
is'*" R e g u l a r S e s s i o n
July 11, 2 0 2 0 -
R E S O L V E D , as itis hereby R E S O L V E D , A R E S O L U T I O N APPROVING T H E

F O R E S T L A N D U S E P L A N (FLUP) 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 O F T H E M U N I C I P A L I T Y O F
MONKAYO, DAVAO D E ORO.
R E S O L V E D , FINALLY, that a copy o f this resolution b e furnished, t h e

S a n g g u n i a n g Panlalawigan (SP), this Province t h r o u g h M s . T h e l m a C. Y u m a n g ,
M P A , S P S e c r e t a r y a n dt h eOffice o f t h e R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r , D E N R R e g i o n X I , D a v a o
City for their i n f o r m a t i o n a n d appropriate action; let a copy b efurnished, t h e
Office o f t h e M u n i c i p a l M a y o r R a m i l L. G e n t u g a y a , t h i s m u n i c i p a l i t y , t h e M u n i c i p a l
Development Council (MDC) through Mr. Geronimo O. Balana, M D C Head
S e c r e t a r i a t ( M P D C ) ; Office o f t h e M u n i c i p a l A d m i n i s t r a t o r t h r o u g h M r . R a u lB .
Basahesall o f this municipality, fortheir information a n d record.
CARRIED.
I H E R E B Y C E R T I F Y t o t h ecorrectness o f t h e above-quoted r e s o l u t i o n , i n t w o
(2) p a g e s , i n c l u d i n g t h i s p a g e .
MARIE/JUDY L DAMASIN
Secretary t o t h e Sanggunian
ATTESTED:
JOANNA AILflEN A GENTUGAYA

Presiding Officer
(Municipal Vice Mayor)
APPROVED:
R A M I L L. G E N T U G A Y A
Municipal Mayor
2 I Page/Res. No. 162'-2020

Republic of the Philippines
Province of Compostela Valley
Municipality of Monkayo
EXCERPTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL (MDC) MEETING HELD
AT 2/F SB SESSION HALL, MUNICIPAL HALL BUILDING, POBLACION MONKAYO, COMPOSTELA VALLEY
ON NOVEMBER 1 3 , 2 0 1 9 AT 1:00 O'CLOCK IN THE AFTERNOON.
PRESENT: M r . R a u l B. Basafies M u n i c i p a l A d m i n i s t r a t o r , Presiding Officer

H o n . I v a n Jello E. Cajes SB M e m b e r / S K M F President
H o n . Isabelo Candilado Rep. - Barangay Kagawad - Babag
Hon. Emelita Daanton Punong Barangay - Banlag
H o n . A n a s t a c i o C. E s g u e r r a Punong Barangay - Casoon
H o n . Moises A. Bacolod Punong Barangay - A w a o
H o n . Jose T . Cabag Punong Barangay - Baylo
H o n . M a r l o n S. T a r r a y o Punong Barangay - Haguimitan
H o n . Robin Pascual Punong Barangay - Inambatan
H o n . D o m i n g o C. J u c o y Punong Barangay - Macopa
Hon. Daniel Formilleza Punong Barangay - Mamunga
H o n . A l l e n L. C a b a g E x - O f f i c i o SB M e m b e r / A B C P r e s i d e n t
Hon. Maria Concepcion Crizaldo P u n o n g Barangay - Pasian
Lyneth Yanong Rep. Barangay Secretary - Rizal
H o n . O t h e l i o B. S u m a t r a P u n o n g Barangay - Salvacion
H o n . A n t o n i o A. Lumagbas P u n o n g Barangay - San Isidro
H o n . A r n o l d B. Q u i z a l a Punong Barangay - Tubo-Tubo
H o n . R a u l C. V i l l a m o r Punong Barangay - Naboc
H o n . B o b b y P. G o g o Punong Barangay - Olaycon
H o n . M a r c e l o S a m - o , Jr. P u n o n g B a r a n g a y - San Jose
Hon. Jenalyn Salmeo GIG B a r a n g a y K a g a w a d - U n i o n
Hon. Fernando Latiban Punong Barangay - Upper Ulip
Mrs. Florencia Collamat CSO Rep. - M A K A P U S O P r e s i d e n t
Ms. Lerma Estalane CSC Rep. - S A C W A E D P O P r e s i d e n t
Juffrey Enriquez CSO Rep. - P O M O F O W A P r e s i d e n t
M e l a n i o B a s a l o , Jr. CSO Rep. - U N I A , Inc. - P r e s i d e n t
Sarah Abarquez CSO R e p . - M T D O A P r e s i d e n t
Ms. Fe Locsin CSO R e p . - M O N D I F A S S O , P r e s i d e n t
Isabela Malacao CSO Rep. - P M C P A P r e s i d e n t
Larry Dailo CSO Rep. - R I M F A R C O , P r e s i d e n t
Mrs. Gerarda Manzano A l t e r n a t e CSO Rep. - T I M A R C O , B o o k k e e p e r
Mrs. Dioscora Lastomen A l t e r n a t e CSO Rep. - T U S W O , M e m b e r
ABSENT: H o n . R a m i l L. G e n t u g a y a Municipal M a y o r - OB
Cong. M a n u e l Z a m o r a l^t L e g i s l a t i v e D i s t r i c t , C o m V a l
H o n . P e d r o J. S a m i l l a n o , Jr. Punong Barangay- Mt. Diwata
Gavino 0. Ayco CSO Rep. - C A T F A P r e s i d e n t
Lydia Suerte CSO Rep. - P P W A L A S P r e s i d e n t
GUESTS: J o s e p h A n t h o n y S. C r i z a l d o A d m i n i s t r a t i v e Officer 1
R e n e t J o y C. N a g l i b a MDRRMO Representative
Krisky Jamero SB Clerk
MDC Resolution No. 23

Series o f 2 0 1 9
ADOPTING THE FOREST LAND USE PLAN (FLUP) 2019-2023 OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF MONKAYO,
CONTENTS ARE SELF-EXPLANATORY, FOR SANGGUNIANG BAYAN APPROVAL AND ENDORSEMENT TO
THE DENR-REGIONAL OFFICE XI.
WHEREAS, t h e F o r e s t L a n d U s e P l a n n i n g i s a n e c e s s a r y s t e p i n r a t i o n a l i z i n g a l l o c a t i o n a n d
management of LGU-Monkayo forest and forest land resources integrating good governance principles in the
process, specifically the practice o f transparency, i n f o r m e d decision-making, increased accountabilities and
stakeholder participation;
WHEREAS, t h e F L U P 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 i n c l u d e s m o r e a g g r e s s i v e s t r a t e g i e s t o r e h a b i l i t a t e a n d r e s t o r e
degraded n a t u r a l resources, and protect the fragile ecosystems w h i l e i m p r o v i n g the welfare o f resource-
based dependent communities;
WHEREAS, t h e F L U P 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 w i l l b e o p e r a t i o n a l i z e d t h r o u g h t h e e x e c u t i o n o f t h e g e n e r a l
strategies t h a t include z o n i n g a n d prioritization o f sub-watersheds, specifically: (a) complete delineation o f
protection & p r o d u c t i o n forestland. (b) effective m a n a g e m e n t i n the protection o f existing n a t u r a l forest;
(c) i m p r o v e t h e r e h a b i l i t a t i o n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f grassland, b r u s h l a n d a n d cultivated forestland;
(d) invigorate the conservation and development o f w a t e r production areas and biodiversity measures;
(e) pursue nature-based t o u r i s m development; (f) enforce and recognize m i g r a n t occupants by C A D T holders;
(g) accelerate t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f the p r i o r i t y s u b - w a t e r s h e d ; ( h ) increase climate change adaptation a n d
disaster risk reduction and management; and (i) strengthen other support mechanism;
WHEREAS, a f t e r t h o r o u g h d e l i b e r a t i o n a n d i n d e p t h a s s e s s m e n t o n t h e m a t t e r , t h i s c o u n c i l d e c i d e d
t o a d o p t said P l a n , passage o f w h i c h is w i t h i n t h e b o u n d s o f t h e l a w ;
WHEREFORE, o n m o t i o n o f H o n o r a b l e M o i s e s A . B a c o l o d j o i n t l y s e c o n d e d b y H o n o r a b l e A r n o l d
Quizala, H o n o r a b l e B o b b y Gogo a n d H o n o r a b l e A l l e n Cabag, be it,
RESOLVED, a s i t i s h e r e b y r e s o l v e d , t o a d o p t t h e F o r e s t L a n d U s e P l a n ( F L U P ) 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 o f t h e
Municipality of Monkayo, contents are self-explanatory, for Sangguniang Bayan approval and endorsement to
D E N R - Regional Office X I .
RESOLVED, finally, that copy of this Resolution be furnished the Honorable Sangguniang Bayan, for
information and approval.
UNANIMOUSLY APPROVED
I HEREBY CERTIFY TO T H E CORRECTNESS of the above-quoted resolution.
jGERONIMO 0. BALANA, MPA

M u n . P l a n n i n g & Dev't. C o o r d i n a t o r
RAUL B. BASANES
Pifesiding Officer
Municipal Administrator
Approved
RAMIL L . GENTUGAYA
Municipal Mayor
MDC C h a i r m a n
The Local Government of Monkayo has been constantly working hand in hand with the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) in an effort to properly manage our
forests and forestlands in the Municipality of Monkayo, and to ensure that forests and its resources
would be utilized in a sustainable manner. We, at LGU-Monkayo acknowledged that forests are
vitally important for sustaining life on Earth especially on this municipality, and play a major role
in the fight against climate change. And investing in land restoration is critical for improving
livelihoods, reducing vulnerabilities, and reducing risks for the economy.
Echoing the Sustainable Development Goals, it thus became imperative that local plans reflect, in
real and substantive manner, measures that would ensure that forest and forestland use and
development is consistent with environmental rules and regulations for the benefit of present and
future generations as well. Consequently, it became necessary for us in the local government to
ensure that environmental aspects would not be overlooked in the course of land use planning.
This Plan is our initial step in rationalizing allocation and management of our forest and forestland
resources. It is also our call and blueprint for transformative changes to restore and protect our
nature. Our community-based mapping and assessment revealed that the health of our forest and
forestlands on which we and all other species depend is deteriorating more rapidly than ever,
affecting the very foundations of our economies, livelihoods, food security, health, and quality of
life.
Moreover, the FLUP 2019-2023 shall serve as the critical link between the Comprehensive Land
Use Plan and Comprehensive Development Plan as the programs, projects, services and activities
were carefully identified and prioritized to ensure their alignment and contribution to the
achievement of Monkayo’s vision.
Through the services provided by the members and secretariat of the Technical Working Group,
we have a clear-cut understanding of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and
challenges our FFLs faced. Likewise, my sincerest gratitude to the TWG, DENR, barangay
stakeholders, indigenous peoples and civil society organizations, in helping our municipality in
providing a sound basis for managing forests and forestlands and outlining strategies to preserve,
rehabilitate and protect the FFLs from illegal activities, and use the resources in a sustainable
manner.
As this Plan recommended, we hope that every one of us in Monkayo will soon be our partners
in the protection and management of the municipality’s forests and forestlands. Through this,
you will no longer be just users but responsible stewards of our resources.
Mabuhay tayong lahat.
RAMIL L. GENTUGAYA
Municipal Mayor
On behalf of the officials of the Sangguniang Bayan, allow my heartfelt appreciation to the
members and secretariat of the Technical Working Group, Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, barangay government units, stakeholders, indigenous peoples and civil society
organizations that actively took part in the preparation of Monkayo’s Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP)
2019-2023.
This Plan is prepared to examine our forest sector as it plays an important role in the development
of our upland rural barangays and the welfare of our people. Additionally, this is to ensure that
our vulnerable forests and forestlands in the municipality will be protected from illegal logging
and encroachment or conversion because many of our people depend on them for their living
space, livelihood, and spiritual sanctuary of the indigenous peoples.
With the completion of this Plan, we are further strengthening the advocacy on sustainable
development not only in theory but much more in application through a robust list of programs
and projects carefully identified and prioritized. And hopefully, with the implementation of the said
plan, we would eventually come to realize a better life for our present generation as well as the
generations to come.
Thus, I enjoin all our development partners to be active players in Monkayo’s pursuit for the
achievement of our forests and forestlands development objectives for 2019 to 2023, namely: (1)
completing the delineation of protection and production forestland; (2) effective management in
the protection of existing natural forest; (3) improving the conservation and development of
grasslands, brushlands and cultivated forestlands; (4) invigorating the conservation and
development of water production areas and biodiversity measures; (5) pursuing nature-based
tourism development; (6) enforcing and recognizing occupants by CADT holders; (7) accelerating
the development of the priority subwatershed; (8) increasing climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction management; and, (9) strengthening other support mechanism.
Rest assured that the Sangguniang Bayan shall continuously and persistently shepherd the
inclusion of proposed programs, projects, services and activities in the annual budget. Likewise,
the Sangguniang Bayan shall ensure that the major capital investments as recognized in the FLUP
2019-2023 are funded and implemented as planned through mobilizing significant resources from
all sources and at all levels to finance sustainable forest management, including for conservation
and reforestation.
JOANNA AILEEN A. GENTUGAYA

Municipal Vice Mayor
I congratulate the Municipal Government of Monkayo headed by Honorable Mayor
Ramil L. Gentugaya for the successful formulation of its Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP).
The plan will lead political leaders and the coming generations in the effective
management of the forest and forestland and further implementation of the
stipulated programs and projects. I understand that there may be challenges on
the way during the implementations but because of the holistic plan on hand,
leaders and implementers are confident to address such. This will also cater
investments from other agencies that will pave the way for the improvements of
the local communities' socio-economic, and environmental aspects. This plan may
also bring forth prosperity to all in the coming years.
The DENR commends the effort exerted by the Technical Working Group (TWG)
who takes a very close look of the plan and the commitment of the stakeholders
involved in polishing the said plan. They share the same intentions of successfully
managing the assets the Municipality has and protecting our forefathers' legacy.
More power and again, my gratitude and warmest congratulations.
DIONY M. SEREÑOSO
Officer-in-Charge,
Community Environment and Natural Resources Officer
The Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) 2019-2023 was formulated in preparation for a climate and
disaster risk sensitive comprehensive land use plan and zoning ordinance of the Municipality of
Monkayo that would guide the allocation and regulation of forests and forestland. Also, it was
prepared because the LGU-Monkayo recognized forests and forest lands (FFL) as natural resource
assets which if properly managed could contribute significantly to our municipality’s development
and promote the welfare of our constituents to ensure food security, biodiversity conservation and
climate change mitigation.
With this, it will strengthen the ability of LGU-Monkayo to achieve its sustainable development
objectives given the challenges posed by climate change and natural hazards. It aims to prevent
unsustainable extraction or overexploitation of our natural resources beyond its carrying
capacities.
Corollary to this, the FLUP’s Technical Working Group would like to extend its heartfelt gratitude
and appreciation to the partners to the partners who have contributed in crafting this Plan. Their
contributions have enabled the delivery of a material that is truly responsive to the forest land use
planning requirements of Monkayo that is sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss. Through their efforts, various scientific and technical
approaches and paradigms consistent with the international and national forest management laws
and regulations.
Our sincerest and deep appreciation goes to all those who contributed in the formulation of this
Agenda, viz: Executive Committee; Sangguniang Bayan members; civil society organizations/non-
government organizations; Barangay Local Government Units; and Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) personnel, for their unparalleled and strong support to the planning
process by sharing their expertise and institutional knowledge.
Also, to the hardworking Municipal Planning and Development Office in-house specialists and
staff, for making this Plan relatable and responsive to real local needs, patiently facilitated the
workshops, and who toiled to push the finalization of this Plan as well as their dedication in
completing the Forest Land Use Plan 2019-2023 on time.
And above all, let us praise and thank the Almighty for His guidance as we are all His stewards in
bringing about excellence in local governance.
Truly, the FLUP 2019-2023 has been borne out of collaborative and consultative efforts, and is now
offered to our municipality in the attainment of our vision “where people are living in an orderly
environment, disaster resilient and climate change adaptive” community.
GERONIMO O. BALANA, MPA

Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator
FLUP 2019-2023 TWG, Action Officer
Agroforestry refers to the strategy of sustainable management of lands to increase their overall
productivity. It is a land-use system in which tree crops are planted on the same land used for
raising agricultural crops or animals compatible with the local climate, topography, slope, soil, as
well as the cultural customary laws of the local population.
Alienable and Disposable (A&D) Lands refer to those lands of the public domains which have
been declared by law as not needed for forest purposes.
Ancestral Domains are areas belonging to indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples

comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim
of ownership, occupied or possessed by the community themselves or through their ancestors,
continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure, or displacement by
force, deceit, stealth or a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings
entered into by government and private individuals, corporations, and which are necessary to
ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare.
Basic Services refer to the provision of basic necessities such as: potable water, power and
electricity, and adequate power distribution system; sewerage facilities; and the provision of health,
education, communications, security, recreation, relief and welfare services in accordance to RA
7279.
Biodiversity is a measure of the number of different plant and animal species living in a given
area, plays an important role in a number of functions that support human life including
pollination, pest control and keeping climate-change-causing carbon dioxide out of the
atmosphere.
Buffer Zones are identified areas outside the boundaries of and immediately adjacent to
designated protected areas and need special development control in order to avoid or minimize
harm to the protected area.
Built-up Area composed of areas of intensive use with much of the land covered by structures. It
includes cities, towns, villages, strip developments along highways, transportation, power, and
communication facilities, and areas occupied by mills, shopping centers, industrial and commercial
complexes, and institutions that may, in some instances, be isolated from urban areas.
Carbon Sequestration is the removal and storage of carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks
(such as oceans, forests or soils) through physical or biological processes, such as photosynthesis.
Humans have tried to increase carbon sequestration by growing new forests.
Caves refer to any naturally occurring void, cavity, recess or system of interconnected passages
beneath the surface of the earth or within a cliff or ledge and which is large enough to permit an
individual to enter, whether or not the entrance is located either in private and public land.
Civil Society Organization refers to a non-state and non-profit association that works to improve
society and the human condition. Basic types of CSOs include non-governmental organization,
civic organization, cooperative, social movement, professional group, and business group.
Communal Forest refers to a tract of forest land set aside for a municipality by law or through a
valid proclamation or order for the use of the residents of a municipality from which said residents
may establish forest plantations and/or tree farms, cut, collect, and remove forest products for
their personal use in accordance with existing laws and regulations. Each municipality is entitled
to a maximum of 5,000 hectares of communal forest as provided in RA 7160.
Municipality of Monkayo x
Community Based Forest Management Program refers to the program involving local
communities which integrates and unites the Integrated Social Forestry Program (ISFP), Forestry
Sector Program, Forest Land Management Agreement Program (FLMAP), Community Forestry
Program, Ancestral Domains Management Program and other people-oriented forestry projects.
Deforestation is the conversion of forested land to non-forested land as a direct result of human
activities.
Degradation is a loss of forest structure, productivity and native species diversity. A degraded site
might still contain trees (i.e. a degraded site is not necessarily deforested) but it has lost at least
some of its former ecological integrity.
Ecosystem is the complex system of plant, animal, fungal, and microorganism communities and
their associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit. It has no fixed
boundaries; instead their parameters are set to the scientific, management, or policy question
being examined. Depending upon the purpose of analysis, a single lake, a watershed, or an entire
region could be considered an ecosystem.
Ecosystem Management is an approach to natural resource management which aims to sustain

ecosystems to meet both ecological and human needs in the future.
Ecotourism or Nature Based Tourism is a form of tourism that can sustainably use natural and
cultural resources while providing employment opportunities for local communities.
Environment refers to the quantity, quality, diversity and sustainability of renewable and non-
renewable natural resources, including the surrounding environment such as atmosphere, climate,
sound, and odor that are critical determinants of the quality of life. In a broad sense, it shall include
the total environment of man such as economic, social, cultural, political, and historical factors.
Forest as land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown cover (or equivalent stocking
level) of more than 10 percent. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters
at maturity in situ (original position/location). It consists of either closed forest formations where
trees of various storeys and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground or open forest
formations with a continuous vegetation cover in which tree crown cover exceeds 10 percent.
Young natural stands and all plantations established for forestry purposes, which have yet to reach
a crown density of more than 10 percent or tree height of 5 meters are included under forest.
Forest Cover is the percentage of land within a specific area covered by forests.
Forest Decline is a blanket term encompassing deforestation (conversion of forests to other uses)
and forest degradation (deterioration in health and quality).
Forest Land is those ecosystems that have a tree crown density (crown closure percentage) of
10% or more and are stocked with trees capable of producing timber or other wood products.
Forest Plantations are forested areas artificially established by planting or seeding. The trees
usually belong to the same specie (whether native or introduced), have the same age and are
regularly spaced. The objective of forest plantations can be the production of wood and non-
wood goods (productive forest plantations) or the provision of ecosystem services (protective
forest plantations).
Governance is the legal framework and institutions within which decisions are made in a society.
Habitat is the location and environmental conditions in which a particular organism normally lives.
Municipality of Monkayo xi
Indigenous Peoples are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations
which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization or at the time of inroads of
non-indigenous religions and cultures or the establishment of present state boundaries who retain
some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have
been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral
domains.
Indigenous People’s Organization refers to a private, non-profit, voluntary organization of

members of indigenous cultural communities or indigenous people.
Land Tenure is the relationship, whether legally or customarily defined, among people, as
individuals or groups, with respect to land. It is an institution, i.e., rules invented by societies to
regulate behavior. It defines how property rights to land are to be allocated within societies. They
define how access is granted to rights to use, control, and transfer land, as well as associated
responsibilities and restraints. In simple terms, land tenure systems determine who can use what
resources for how long, and under what conditions.
Land Use Planning refers to the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources,
facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health
and well-being of urban and rural communities
Livelihood Programs and Projects include all those schemes which aim to create employment
opportunities through the provision of a package of integrated services, i.e. technical, financial and
other assistance that promote the establishment of income -generating activities for
poverty/marginal groups. These schemes can either be directly providing livelihood assistance, or
indirectly implementing livelihood programs as part of the bigger programs undertaken by
government agencies in line with their principal mandates.
Modified Natural Forests are forests of naturally regenerated native tree species in places with
indications of human activities.
Non-Governmental Organization refers to a non-stock, non-profit organization that works with

different sectors and communities, promoting their general welfare and development, provide a
wide range of services for people’s organization and tends to operate with full time staff. It includes
social development organizations, foundations, and independent research institutions.
Opportunity is an innovative way to make an activity more successful – to create an environment

more favourable to profitability or adoption.
Primary Forests are forests of native tree species, where there are no clearly visible indications of
human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.
Production Area refers to areas with slope from 0-50 percent, developed to supply commercial
timber and non-timber products such as bamboo, rattan, horticultural crops, gums and resins,
spices, fiber trees, vines, palms or a combination thereof.
Protected Areas refers to identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their unique
physical and biological significance and are managed to enhance biological diversity and
protected against destructive human exploitation as provided for in RA 7586, otherwise known as
the National Integrated Protected Systems (NIPAS) Act of 1992.
Protection Forest refers to areas with above 50% slope which are highly erodible or too rocky for
establishment of production forests, developed for the primary objective of establishing vegetative
cover to prevent erosion, conserve and produce water, and nurture wildlife.
Municipality of Monkayo xii

Reclamation is to recover productivity at a degraded site using mostly exotic tree species. The
original biodiversity is not recovered although the protective function and many of the original
ecological services may be re-established.
Reforestation is planting of forests on lands that have previously contained forest but have since
been converted to some other use.
Rehabilitation is the re-establishment of the productivity and some, but not necessarily all, of the
plant and animal species thought to be originally present at a site. For ecological or economic
reasons the new forest might also include species not originally present at the site. The protective
function and many of the ecological services of the original forest may be re-established.
Restoration is the re-establishment of the presumed structure, productivity and species diversity
of the forest originally present at a site. The ecological processes and functions of the restored
forest will closely match those of the original forest.
Secondary Forests regenerate on native forests, which have been cleared by natural or man-made
causes, such as agriculture or ranching. They display a major difference in forest structure and/or
species composition with respect to primary forests. Secondary vegetation is generally unstable,
and represents successional stages.
Strength is something positive which should help an activity to succeed. It is a circumstance

working in favor of the activity. The Plan aims to take advantage of the strengths.
Subwatershed is a smaller unit watersheds which collectively flow together to form larger sub
basins and river basins.
Sustainable Consumption and Production refers to the use of services and related products,
which respond to basic needs and bring better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural
resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of
the service or product so as not to jeopardize the needs of further generations.
Sustainable Development means development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Threat is something potential such as an event or condition which, should it happen, will harm the
activity and reduce the chance of success. Threats are external to FFL operations. The Plan aims to
avoid or overcome the weaknesses.
Watershed is a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries having a
common outlet for surface runoff. Also called basin or catchment areas.
Weakness is a negative condition which may hamper the success of an activity. It is an unfavorable
condition which could lead to reduced profitability or adoption. The Plan aims to avoid or
overcome the weaknesses.
Municipality of Monkayo xiii

A&D Alienable and Disposable
ADSDPP Ancestral Domain. Sustainable Development and Protection Plan
AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines
AIP Annual Investment Program
ATI Agricultural Training Institute
AWS Automated Water System
BTCEL Barangay Tribal Council of Elders
CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
CBDP Comprehensive Barangay Development Plan
CBFM Community-based Forest Management
CDP Comprehensive Development Plan
CDRA Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment
CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office
CEPA Community Education and Public Awareness
CFS Contour Farming System
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CSO Civil Society Organization
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
DA Department of Agriculture
DAR Department of Agrarian Reform
DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DFS Diversified Farming System
DILG Department of Interior and Local Government
DMRA Diwalwal Mineral Reservation Area
DOE Department of Energy
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOT Department of Tourism
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
EEMO Economic Enterprise Management Office
ENR Environment and Natural Resources
ESWM Ecological Solid Waste Management
FFL Forest and Forestland
FITS Farmers Information and Technology Service
FPIC Free and Prior Informed Consent
GHG Greenhouse Gas
HH Household
IA Irrigators Association
IP Indigenous People
KALAHI-CIDSS Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated
Delivery of Social Services
LCCAP Local Climate Change Action Plan
LDRRMP Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
LGC Local Government Code
Municipality of Monkayo xiv

LGU Local Government Unit
MAGRO Municipal Agriculture Office
MARO Municipal Agrarian Reform Office
MASSO Municipal Assessor’s Office
MENRO Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
MENRC Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Council
MDRRMO Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MHO Municipal Health Office
MinDA Mindanao Development Authority
MLGU Municipal Local Government Unit
MonCAST Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology
MPDO Municipal Planning and Development Office
MPMC Municipal Project Monitoring Committee
MTU Municipal Tourism Unit
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
NEDA National Economic and Development Authority
NGA National Government Agencies
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NGP National Greening Program
NIA National Irrigation Administration
NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System
NTFD National Task Force Diwalwal
NVS Natural Vegetation Strips
PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan
PCA Philippine Coconut Authority
PCIC Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
PENRO Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office
PESO Public Employment Service Office
PGR Population Growth Rate
PLGU Provincial Local Government Unit
PMCC Program Monitoring Coordination Center
PMDC Philippine Mining Development Corporation
PNP Philippine National Police
POPS Peace and Order and Public Safety
PPA Program, Project, and Activity
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority
PTFNR Provincial Task Force Naboc River
RCBMS Rapid Community-Based Monitoring System
SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones
SALT Sloping Agricultural Land Technology
SFR Small Farm Reservoir
TWG Technical Working Group
UTCEL United Tribal Council of Elders
WOU Waterworks Operations Unit
Municipality of Monkayo xv
Sangguniang Bayan Resolution No. 162, Series of 2020 ii
Municipal Development Council Resolution No. 23, Series of 2019 iv
Message of the Mayor vi
Message of the Vice Mayor vii
Message of the CENR Officer viii
Acknowledgment ix
Definition of Terms x
List of Acronyms xiv
Table of Contents xvi
List of Tables xix
List of Figures xx
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
Chapter 1 – BACKGROUND 5
1.1 Historical Background 6
Inter-tribal rivalries 6
Creation of villages 6
World War II 7
Davao-Butuan road 7
Natural calamities 7
Typhon of 1912 8
The tribes 8
Administrators 9
1.2 Rationale of the Municipal FLUP in the Context of Improving Forest 10
and Forest Land (FFL) Management at the LGU Level
1.3 FLUP in the Context of its Historical, Socio-Economic, Biophysical, Life 11
Support Systems, Agricultural, Industrial, and Political Importance
1.4 FLUP in the Context of the Present and Future Consumption and 11
Production of Food, Fiber and Water
1.5 Discussion on how the Plan and its Implementation Respond to the 12
Current Problems, Issues, Needs, and Opportunities in FFL
Management within the LGU
Chapter 2 – LGU’S VISION, MISSION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ON ITS FOREST 14

AND FORESTLAND
2.1 Monkayo’s Vision 15
2.2 Mission 15
2.3 Goals and Objectives of the Plan 16
Chapter 3 – SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF FOREST LAND USE PLAN (FLUP) 18
Chapter 4 – METHODOLOGY 20
4.1 Orientation on TAP-Enhanced FLUP Process Formation of the FLUP 21
Team and Action Planning
4.2 MOA between DENR and LGU with Sangguniang Bayan Resolution 21
4.3 Sources of Information 21
4.4 Preparation, Validation and Revision of Thematic and Composite 22
Maps
4.5 Map Overlays, Analysis, Consultations with Various Stakeholders 23
4.6 Criteria for Prioritizing Sub-Watersheds and for Allocating Open 23
Access (Unallocated and Unmanaged) FFL
4.7 Community Mapping and Field Validation of Recommendations for 23
the Allocation and Management of the FFL and Prioritizing
Subwatersheds
4.8 Visioning, Drafting, and Revising the Final Forest Land Use Plan 24
4.9 Legitimization/Endorsement and Approval of FLUP by the Local Chief 25
Executive and the DENR
Chapter 5 – KEY FINDINGS 26

5.1 Municipal Profile 27
5.1.1 Biophysical Profile 27
Location 27
Political Subdivision and Barangays Covered 28
Land Area by Barangay 28
Land Classification 29
Topography and Slope 31
Elevation 32
Climate and Rainfall 33
Vegetative Cover 34
Watersheds 36
Hazard Areas 37
5.1.2 Socio-Economic and Cultural Profile 46
Demography 46
Age-Sex Structure 48
Labor Force 49
Religious Affiliation 50
Ethnicity and Languages/Dialects 50
Indigenous People 52
5.1.3 Major Livelihood Sources, Social and Infrastructure Services 53
5.1.4 Institutional Profile 60
5.2 Conditions of Forest and Forest Land Assets 61
5.2.1 Forestlands 61
5.2.2 Natural Forest 67
5.2.3 Plantations 68
5.2.4 Grasslands and Shrubs 69
5.2.5 Cultivated Lands 70
5.2.6 Water Bodies and Water Production Areas 71
5.2.7 Biodiversity Resources 77
5.2.8 Nature-Based Tourism Assets 80
5.2.9 Mineral Resources 81
5.3 Key Stakeholders 84
5.4 Institutional Assessment 102
5.5 Summary of Key Issues, Conflicts, Problems, Needs, Investment and 105
Socio-Economic Opportunities
Chapter 6 – RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES 115

6.1 General Strategies 116
6.1.1 Zoning 118
6.1.2 Allocation of Open Access Forestlands 119
6.1.3 Prioritization of Subwatersheds 120
6.2 Specific Technical Strategies 122
Chapter 7 – ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF 129

FLUP IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 Creation of the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources 130
Council (MENRC)
7.2 Strengthening of Municipal Environment and Natural Resources 131
Office (MENRO)
Chapter 8 – PERIODIC MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF FOREST LAND USE 135

PLAN 2019-2024 IMPLEMENTATION
Chapter 9 – ESTIMATED FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 137

IMPLEMENTING FLUP
Annexes 169
Photo Documentation
Table 1. Land Area by Barangay 29
Table 2. Land Classification 29
Table 3. Land Classification by Barangay 30
Table 4. Slope Classification 31
Table 5. Elevation 32
Table 6. Vegetative Cover 35
Table 7. Subwatersheds 36
Table 8. Subwatershed and its Barangays Covered 37
Table 9. Flood Susceptible Area 38
Table 10. Population Susceptible to Flooding 39
Table 11. Households Susceptible to Flooding 40
Table 12. Landslide Susceptible Area 41
Table 13. Population Susceptible to Landslide 42
Table 14. Households Susceptible to Landslide 43
Table 15. Faultline Area 44
Table 16. Population within Faultline Buffer Zone 45
Table 17. Households within Faultline Buffer Zone 45
Table 18. Population by Barangay 46
Table 19. Growth Rate and Population Projection by Barangay 48
Table 20. Inventory of Ethnic Groups in Monkayo 51
Table 21. Indigenous People (IP) Population and Households 52
Table 22. Livelihood Activities and Number of Households Involved 54
Table 23. Crop Production by Barangay 57
Table 24. Infrastructure Facilities 59
Table 25. Tenurial Instruments 61
Table 26. CADT Area 62
Table 27. Declared Protected Watershed Area 65
Table 28. Open Access Areas 67
Table 29. Vegetative Cover Change (Closed and Open Canopy Forest) 68
Table 30. Forestry Projects by Watershed 68
Table 31. Vegetative Cover Change (Grasslands and Shrubs) 70
Table 32. Vegetative Cover Change (Cultivated Lands) 71
Table 33. Rivers and its Uses 72
Table 34. Biodiversity Resources 78
Table 35. Existing and Potential Tourism Sites 80
Table 36. Tenements Approved and Application 82
Table 37. Key Stakeholders 84
Table 38. Stakeholders’ Analysis 92
Table 39. Institutional Assessment Matrix 103
Table 40. SWOT Analysis 106
Table 41. Proposed Land Use in the Forestland 118
Table 42. Watershed Prioritization 121
Table 43. Prioritizing Subwatersheds based on its Uses or Utility 122
Table 44. Qualification Standards 133
Table 45. Estimated Five-Year Financial Requirements for Implementing FLUP 137
Table 46. Gantt chart of the Implementation of the Identified Programs, Projects, 151
and Activities
Table 47. Annual Implementation Program CY 2019 158
Figure 1. CDP 2017-2022 Overall Strategic Framework 16
Figure 2. Community mapping activity in Barangay Casoon 24
Figure 3. The FLUP Process 25
Figure 4. Map of Compostela Valley showing Municipality of Monkayo 27
Figure 5. Administrative Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 28
Figure 6. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 31
Figure 7. Slope Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 32
Figure 8. Elevation Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 33
Figure 9. Average Rainfall Amount and Rainy Days 34
Figure 10. Vegetative Cover Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 35
Figure 11. Watershed and Drainage Map 36
Figure 12. Flood Susceptibility Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 38
Figure 13. Landslide Susceptibility Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 41
Figure 14. Fault Line Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 44
Figure 15. Settlement Map of the Municipality of Monkayo 47
Figure 16. Age-Sex Pyramid 49
Figure 17. Labor Force 50
Figure 18. Infrastructure Map 53
Figure 19. Tenure Map 62
Figure 20. CADT Area 64
Figure 21. Declared Protected Watershed Area Map 66
Figure 22. Open Access Areas Map 67
Figure 23. Forestry Projects Map 69
Figure 24. Rivers and Creeks Map 77
Figure 25. Biodiversity Map 79
Figure 26. Tourism Map 81
Figure 27. Mineral Map 83
Figure 28. Conflict/Issues Map 114
Figure 29. Strategies of the FLUP 2019-2023 117
Figure 30. Proposed Land Use in the Forestland 119
Figure 31. MENRC Organizational Structure 130
Figure 32. MENRO Organizational Structure 132
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Local Government Code enacted in 1991 has transferred substantive position of
development planning and administration functions of the Government to the local government units.
With this, it has enabled LGU-Monkayo to pursue their own development aspirations with their own
initiatives and resources, in line with overall development goals and policies of the Government.
The environment and natural resources (ENR) sector plays a critical role in Monkayo’s
development. It provides the following ecosystem services: 1. provisioning (e.g. food, raw materials,
freshwater); 2. regulating (e.g. local climate and air quality, carbon sequestration and storage, erosion
prevention); 3. supporting (e.g. habitats for species, maintenance of biodiversity); and 4. cultural (e.g.
recreation, tourism). These ecosystem services support the growth and performance of other sectors,
including agriculture, fisheries, industry and services, and provide livelihood, especially to resource
dependent communities.
The formulation forest land use planning serves as a road map for the allocation and
management of investments in forests and forestlands within Monkayo. It provides clear and common
direction to LGU-Monkayo with the assistance of DENR and other stakeholders in protecting and
managing forests and forestlands within its political jurisdiction, provides framework in organizing and
mobilizing its resources, and proffers monitoring improvements.
Monkayo, the northernmost municipality of Compostela Valley province has a total land area
of approximately 67,541.82 hectares. Within its territory are four (4) subwatersheds, namely Logom-
Baobo, Upper Agusan, Saug, and Simulao that supply water for domestic and irrigation purposes for
the municipality and neighboring municipalities.
Of the total land area of the municipality, 30,607.53 hectares (45.32%) are classified as alienable
and disposable (A&D) lands while 36,934.29 (54.68%) are classified as forestlands. Over the years,
municipal forests are converted to non-forest uses, such as agriculture, mining, residential area and
road utility. Although the size of forest land area slightly the same, forest cover is a different matter
altogether especially the vegetative cover. From 1,145.50 hectares in 2003, the closed canopy forest of
Monkayo has been reduced by 66.12% or 388.10 hectares in 2015. While, a 44.34% reduction in the
open canopy forest from 22,525.57 hectares in 2003 to 12,537.34 hectares in 2015. In total, Monkayo’s
vegetative cover registered a yearly depreciation of 826.59 hectares, which suggests that Monkayo’s
open and closed canopy forests alone are in danger. The rest are converted to other land cover,
probably second growth, cultivated, or plantation areas. If this trend continues, a lot of problems may
arise such as the loss of trees and other veg1etation that can expedite climate change, desertification,
soil erosion, fewer crops, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and a host of problems for
indigenous people.
The protection and development of the forest and forest land of Monkayo is very important
considering its rich biodiversity with high endemism of both flora and fauna, the existence of
significant forest cover, the services performed in mitigating climate change and pollution, and the
maintenance of the beauty of nature. As mentioned above, it also supplies water for the barangays
and substantial portion of Poblacion’s water supply requirements. Irrigation of farmlands downstream
is also a main benefit provided by the subwatershed. Other benefits include ecotourism, carbon sinks
through carbon sequestered by forests, medicinal benefits from the use of indigenous plants, and
other intangible benefits traditionally enjoyed by residents in the area in the form of recreational,
spiritual, cultural and non-use values.
The situational analysis conducted by the FLUP-TWG shows that free access to forestlands,
limited assets for sustained livelihood, population pressure, irresponsible mining, increased migration
to forestlands, and weak implementing institution are the primary cause of forest degradation. The
secondary causes are inappropriate land uses, conversion of forestlands to other uses, ineffective on-
site management of tenured and allocated areas, excessive logging without accountability to restore
opened areas, illegal and inappropriate extraction of forest products, and weak law enforcement. The
persistence of these issues continues to threaten the remaining forests and its sustainability thereby
feeding the cycle of poverty on forest-dependent households and environmental deterioration.
Excessive logging in Monkayo occurred during the decades of the 1950s to early 1980s, and
the practice of shifting cultivation followed. Results of community consultations revealed that there
were logging companies operated in various parts of Monkayo with logging concessions. After the
closure of logging companies in the area, many of the workers decided to remain and reside in the
locality, engaged in slash and burn and subsistence farming, other migrants joined in, apart from the
already resident indigenous groups. Through time, illegal activities like logging, charcoal making, small
scale mining, and electric fishing along rivers became common. Added to this are unregulated hunting
and forest products gathering. The continued destruction of the forest has resulted to negative impacts
including flash floods, excessive soil erosion, siltation of rivers, and shortage of irrigation water during
the dry season. It is projected that if the current trend of forest destruction continues, there may follow
irreversible damages including loss of biodiversity, more severe environmental disasters, decline of
livelihood, displacement of indigenous communities and decline of crop productivity both in the
upland and lowland areas.
Besides, the pressure on forestlands has the potential to intensify further with the growing
population within the municipality. Present estimates of population within forestlands ranges from
38%-50% of total municipal population. Adding to the pressure is the increase of migrants from
neighboring towns and regions entering forestlands, and the ease of access through national and local
roads constructed that traverses along or within forestlands of the municipality (e.g. Monkayo – Laak
road, Monkayo – Boston road, Monkayo – Veruela road).
On tenure and ownership, the TWG and planning team is uncertain if these are effectively
managed. Initial indications based on preliminary tenure assessment during community consultations
suggest that they are not effectively managed. A more in depth assessment was recommended by
reviewing each tenure or allocation separately. On site management is the responsibility of the tenure
or allocation holder, i.e. DENR directly manages allocations for public goods; ancestral domains are
direct responsibility of the indigenous people; CBFM areas are leased to peoples’ organizations tasked
with managing forestland with special privilege of generating income from such accountability; and,
the military reservations are supposed to be actively managed by such entities, however, on-site
activities were never heard of. Each tenure or allocation holder, including those under other
government agencies, is required by the DENR to develop resource management plans and invest
resources to finance management costs. Initial interviews indicate that resources management plans,
the most basic requirement for effective management, remains to be formulated. Local stakeholders
propose community participation in the on-site management of these tenured or allocated areas
whenever feasible.
The challenge to the DENR and to the LGU is how to reverse the trend of forest degradation,
and how the open access condition could be remedied. Not surprisingly, the situational analysis points
to an institution weakened by limited resources and manpower capability hence, unable to perform its
mandate for forest management. Also, there are no managers on-site guarding these area, people can
easily get in and out of theses areas resulting in uncontrolled use and destruction of the forest lands’
assets. Based on consultation with various stakeholders, the more viable remedy in terms of
management is sharing of responsibility by on-site stakeholders such as the community and the
mandated agency. In the spirit of the Local Government Code, the LGU will share with the DENR in
managing forestlands within its boundaries. For areas where DENR remain the primary manager such
as NIPAS areas, LGU becomes the co-manager with the community providing on-site management.
Outside of NIPAS, the primary responsibility for management will be the tenure holder, while the LGU
and the DENR provide supervision and coordination roles. Under these arrangements, the LGU and
DENR shall device performance based monitoring system to ensure effective management of
forestlands in tenured or allocated areas, including individual property rights within a tenure or
allocation.
The Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) 2019-2023 includes more aggressive strategies to rehabilitate
and restore degraded natural resources, and protect the fragile ecosystems while improving the
welfare of resource-based dependent communities.
In terms of resource generation, the LGU and DENR shall device alternative financing
mechanisms such as user fees, payment for environmental services, and possibly market-based
instruments. In undertaking these schemes, management costs will not be solely sourced from line
item budget of the DENR, but from beneficiaries of services provided by the forestlands of Monkayo.
Proceeds from such mechanisms will be ploughed directly to management of forestlands providing
the services. The LGU and DENR shall develop collaborative arrangements with off-site beneficiaries
of forestlands for funding requirements. As such, external linkages with other institutions outside of
Monkayo will be vigorously pursued especially the municipalities and provinces with shared
watersheds.
In terms of land management, the general strategy is for the LGU and the DENR to provide
guidelines to ensure that tenure or allocation holders effectively manage forestlands. As such,
forestlands will be zoned and management prescriptions for particular characteristics of forestland
shall be defined. Protection and production zones in each tenure or allocation shall be specified based
on national policies and in accordance with the agreed objectives for Monkayo’s FFLs.
In the interest of feasibility of management of forestlands, protection and production zones
shall be contiguous. The TWG recommends that the four subwatersheds present in the municipality
shall be designated as protection zones. Provided that when there are settlements within, such will be
treated as multiple use zones, and a two-kilometer buffer will be established between the edges of the
existing settlement and the protection zone.
Furthermore, Monkayo envisions that by 2023, the municipality is cleaner and greener while
quality of life of upland communities is significantly improved. To fulfill this, the TWG is applying
sustainable integrated subwatershed development and participatory and responsive environmental
governance as an overarching principle in implementing the various strategies to achieve the
development goals of this medium-term Plan. It will be implemented within the municipal planning
framework to improve understanding of the local FFL and socio-economic situation in priority
subwatershed. This is operationalized through the execution of the general strategies that include
zoning and prioritization of subwatersheds. To embark on these general strategies, these specific
approaches are streamlined and complemented consistent with recommended zoning and
prioritization strategies, viz: (a) complete delineation of protection and production forestlands; (b)
effective management in the protection of existing natural forests; (c) improve rehabilitation and
development of grasslands, brushlands and cultivated forestlands; (d) invigorate conservation and
development of water production areas and biodiversity resources; (e) promote nature-based tourism
development; (f) enforce and recognize migrant occupants by CADT holder; (g) expand the
development of the priority subwatershed; (h) increase climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction management; and (i) identify and maximize other support mechanism.
In addition, the proposed land use in the 36,934.29 hectares of FFL including the allocation of
7,672.50 hectares for the protection zone including rivers/creeks and its easement; 14,645.70 hectares
for agro-forestry zone; 8,489.74 hectares for timber production zone; and, 6,126.35 hectares for
mineral zone. It also include the proper allocation and selection of responsible forest managers or
tenure holders for the development and protection of 6,539.98 hectares of identified open access
areas.
Moreover, the proposed investments for subwatershed development include tree plantation
and agroforestry ventures, nature-based tourism, biodiversity conservation and carbon capture. The
establishment and maintenance of communal garden, forest and spring boxes in all barangays are also
recommended for near and sustained source wood and water for domestic use. It also includes sustain
biodiversity and functioning FFLs; issuance of appropriate tenure and management arrangement,
safeguard for mineral resources development; increase adaptive capacities and resilience; promote
sustainable consumption and production; strengthen research and development on forest,
subwatershed and biodiversity; review, codify and streamline existing environment and natural
resources policies, rules and regulations to improve compliance, address conflicting provisions and
promote transparency and accountability and among others.
The monitoring and evaluation set up will involve multi-sectoral and interagency periodic
assessments, analyses, and reporting in support of the FLUP implementation to be led by the Municipal
Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO). There will be the participation of a multi-sectoral
group to monitor compliance to commitments and MOA under the FLUP. Periodic assessment of key
FLUP indicators will be done, focused on forest cover increment, closure of open access forests and
forestlands, improvements in tenured areas, contribution to livelihood and income and other similar
objectives.
In the first year of implementation, this plan requires an apportionment of PhP 350,761,638.00
sourced out from the Local Government Unit of Monkayo, DENR, national agencies and other
stakeholders.
Chapter I
BACKGROUND
1.1 Historical Background
Tradition says it was from kalaw, as high-perched hornbill that Monkayo got its original name.
Actually, it was Fr. Saturnino C. Urios, a Jesuit, who founded the settlement at Bucana, now part of
barangay Banlag, and gave it the name Moncayo. The settlement was formally recognized in July 1879
in an area at the convergence of Agusan and Manat rivers. At the time, the village was composed only
of 30 families. Later, it expanded to 62 in 1884, and in 1890 grew to 184. To lead it, Dagohoy, a
Dibabawon datu, was appointed as its first gobernadorcillo, or mayor.
‘Moncayo’ was derived from Mons Caunus (Latin) or Monte Cano (Italian), which means “white
mountain,” and is the name of a snow peak in the Sierra del Moncayo and the Sistema Iberico, Spain.
The Spanish mountain’s summit hosts the statue of Virgin of Pilar, patron saint of Aragon. It is close
to Veruela, a foothill region.
Earlier, on January 25, 1877, Fr. Domingo Bove, SJ, made the first missionary stopover there. He
arrived by boat near the bar of Manat, in front of the house of Dagohoy. The visit was not about
conversion but about a trail that would bring him to Davao via the short route.
More than a year after Monkayo was founded the settlement was already a beehive of human
activity. It had now many houses and a convento (rectory). By January 1881, construction of the church
became frenzied. But the coming of the annual flood at the confluence of Agusan and Manat rivers
would force the transfer the settlement to higher grounds. Fr. Urios agreed to move the old rectory to
a place where a road could be built accessing the Salug area by horse.
Inter-tribal rivalries
When the Americans set up a Philippines Constabulary (PC) headquarters in Monkayo to

contain banditry and tribal strife, they named it Camp Kalaw. The camp was a replacement of the
dismantled Spanish tercio base camp. It was under American supervision until it turned over to
Filipinos.
For a brief period in 1913, 3rd Inspector Eriberto B. Misa, a 1912 Philippine Military Academy
alumnus from Bolinao, Pangasinan, later director of Bureau of Prisons (1937-1949), was assigned in
Monkayo; he called the camp a “wretched post.” Though his stint was short, the Manobo remembered
him as the young officer who brought along his Spanish mestiza wife to live among the natives.
In 1930, Captain Antonio S. Hernandez, a surgeon, was installed head of the campsite. Other
officers who served the camp that year were First Lt. Mauro F. Feraren, a dental surgeon, as deputy,
and First Lt. Lamberto B. Caños. Hernandez was relieved by First Lt. and Medical Inspector Hospicio L.
Solidum, who was given the Surigao and Butuan areas as added assignments. Caños was the PC officer
who solved the March 3, 1933 killing of three Japanese in Sirawan, Santa Cruz. The killers were found
guilty by the Court of First Instance of Davao of triple murder.
Creation of villages
Under American rule, Monkayo became a municipal district on February 23, 1921, under
Executive Order No. 8 signed by American Governor General Francis Burton Harrison. Created
alongside with Monkayo were Batulaki (Sarangani), Compostela, Caburan (Jose Abad Santos), Malita,
Guianga (part of Davao City), Kapalong, Tagum, Camansa (Montevista), Saug (Asuncion), Pantukan,
Lupon, Surup (Gov. Generoso), Sigaboy (Gov. Generoso), and Samal. The order provided Monkayo with
six barrios.
When Monkayo was constituted as a town on September 4, 1954, under Executive Order No.
65, signed by President Ramon Magsaysay Sr., it has only of eleven barrios, namely Muñoz, Baylo,
Haguimitan, Banglasang, Camungangan, Mamunga, Babag, Pilan [sic], Libasan, Bankerohan, and
Linoan. Four of the barangays now form part of the Municipality of Montevista. When Republic Act
2744 was enacted on June 19, 1960, two more new barangays were added, namely San Isidro and
Banlag.
On June 21, 1969, Republic Act 5566 reconstituted the town with five more barangays. Sitios
San Jose, Tagusab, Tigbawan, Totoy, Upper Tigbawan, Tawan, Upper Tina and Lower Totoy collectively
became Barrio San Jose, while the sitios of Rizal, Upper Gabanan, Patinay and Tabontabon became
Barrio Rizal. The sitios of Casoon, Legasi, Oling Dungga, Manakong, and Tabonan were grouped into
Barrio Casoon while the sitios of Macopa, Tandawan and San Miguel became Barrio Macopa. The sitios
of Hulip, Upper Mamunga, Matangad and Upper Liboton were formed into Barrio Hulip.
Today, the municipality has a total of 21 barangays.
World War II
During World War II, Monkayo became an important military outpost. It was at the Poblacion
that the 81st Military Division under the command of Col. Ruperto Kangleon set up camp and retained
its old name as Camp Kalaw. In January 1942, he was appointed regimental commander of the 81st
Infantry, or the Agusan-Davao Sector. When Bataan feel in May 1942 and the Americans surrendered,
he submitted the control of Camp Kalaw to the Japanese. He was imprisoned in Butuan, making him
the highest ranking USAFFE officer to surrender in Monkayo.
Tomas P. Saludares, a native of Dingras, Ilocos Norte who was married to Rosario Ibañez, a
Monkayo native, was a first sergeant of the 5th Davao Company, PC, stationed in Moncayo before the
outbreak of the war. When conflict erupted, he was assigned with the intelligence unit of the 81st
Infantry in the northern sector of Davao. He joined the resistance movement where he was a
commissioned officer, company commander, and battalion adjutant in the guerrilla outfit under by
Col. Claro Laureta, the hero of the Battle of Ising (Carmen, Davao del Norte). On March 18, 1966, he
died of stomach cancer in Mandaluyong and was buried at the Fort Bonifacio’s Libingan ng mga
Bayani. His remains have since been re-interred at the Davao Memorial Park.
Davao-Butuan road
The opening of the 183-km Davao-Butuan Road on November 21, 1960, opened the undivided
province of Davao to logging concessions. Areas considered wild and inaccessible became easy target
for the waves of migration that followed. The all-weather, permanent road was realized through the
International Cooperation Administration, which invested US$27 million worth of equipment, steel,
and other materials. The Philippine government contributed a counterpart share of P54 million.
Effectively, the project linked the 250-km stretch that separated the cities of Davao and Butuan.
The far-reaching impact of this new initiative was not lost in terms of economic gains. The
logging industry was enhanced, food production expanded due to cheaper transport and access, new
agricultural areas, estimated at 300,000, were opened to small and medium-scale plantations, and the
mining of natural resources was greatly improved.
Quarter of century earlier, in late 1938, Gen. Paulino T. Santos, then commanding chief of the
Philippine Army, and a party of technical men from the National Economic Council, the College of
Agriculture, and the bureaus of Science, Plant Industry, Animal Industry, Forestry, and Lands, surveyed
huge swaths of land in Mindanao and chose three sites for development. The preferred areas were
North and South Koronadal, Kidapawan (now a city), in Cotabato, and the Compostela-Monkayo
District in Davao. Collectively, these areas had a total area of 200,000 hectares of fertile farm lands.
Natural calamities
Since its creation in 1879, Monkayo has had a long history of flooding, most of them due to
the overflowing of Agusan River. The worse on record took place on January 22-24, 1916 when floods
hit many parts of Mindanao, In Agusan Province the losses were massive where the swelled rivers rose
to an average of 25 feet above the ordinary level. The towns that bore the brunt of flooding were one
meter or more under water and in other areas as high as three to five meters. At Moncayo, water was
measured at around 35 feet above its ordinary level, and the town was practically destroyed.
The most destructive floods to hit town actually took place in 1913, 1926, 1936, 1954, and 1966.
Records show that in 1926, Agusan River swelled with water reaching 30 feet, literally submerging the
entire town and forcibly sending people to higher grounds. Even houses on stilt near riverbanks were
not spared from the inundation.
In the post-war period, the experts blamed the almost annual swelling of the mighty Agusan
River to deforestation and the rise of riverbank settlements that affected the natural flow of the
waterway. As mining spillovers and tailings were drained from the mountainous tunnels, erosion led
to siltation and then to the narrowing of river banks. As a result, the colonial government promptly
established climate observatories. As of January 1, 1920, Monkayo became one of four weather stations
in Davao and one of three volunteer or cooperative stations under the Weather Bureau.
Pre-1931 American-era records also showed the recurrence of earthquakes in Monkayo, most
of them intensity three in the Rossi-Forel scale. Earlier geologic studies indicated the tremors could
have been due to the proximity of the town’s location to the Philippine Fault, a 1,200-km earthquake
line originally believed to extend up to Davao Gulf from the north. A 1994 oceanographic survey
conducted by the French research vessel L’Atalante disputed this. Scientists found that the earthquake
line “cuts across from the Surigao Peninsula to Mati, Davao Oriental and loses its strength and motion
in Pujada Bay entering the Moluccas Sea.”
Typhoon of 1912
In 1912, Monkayo, an interior region, was hit by a typhoon. Based on the missionary letters, the
vortex of the freak storm entered Mindanao via the northern sector of Baganga and south of Cateel
on November 27 before crossing Agusan River between Jativa and Compostela. The observation was
from the people on board steamer Fernandez Hermanos in Bislig, and those in the stations of Davao
and Cagayan. Fr. Bernardino Llobera, a missionary in Caraga, gave a detailed account of the storm.
The convent at Manay had its roof entirely removed and the church destroyed along with
several neighborhood houses. In Santa Fe, the church, courthouse, and more houses collapsed. At
Manurigao and Baculin the story was no different. Baganga was completely ruined, while five houses
remained standing in Cateel. Fr. Raimundo Villa, SJ, assigned in Cateel, said the people told him no
typhoon of equal severity was felt in the place since its existence, and it took a decade to recover from
its effects.
Fr. Cristobal Sastre, stationed on the Agusan, reported that the “typhoon destroyed all the
towns of the higher Agusan, especially those between Jativa and Compostela. The two walls of
vegetation on each side of river that shut in the view completely have entirely disappeared. Many trees
were uprooted and the rest being stripped clean of leaves. In none of the towns struck by the typhoon
could I find a house in which to lodge, as they had been all swept away by the fury of the storm.”
On December 4, 2012, after a century of lull, Monkayo was devastated by super typhoon Pablo
(international name Typhoon Bopha) making landfall as a Category 5 super typhoon with winds of 280
km/hour destructing natural resources, properties and claimed lives.
The tribes
Monkayo, now a thriving first-class municipality, is still home to four but diluted tribes and
subtribes, namely: Mandaya, Manobo, Dibabawon, and Mangguangan.
Regarded as an elite tribe, the Mandaya is the “oldest and the most illustrious of the peoples”
in Davao region, its affinity to Kamayu or Kamayo (Mandaya for “yours”). They sang hymns of praise
called tudom and long epic narratives known as owaging, danced and held rituals, chewed betel nuts,
believed in polygamy, prayed to the spirits and other lesser gods, and feasted on animals caught in a
pangayaw (hunting). They wore skirts and dagmay woven from abaca and dyed with hues extracted
from sikalig, a kind of shrub. Mandaya women are restricted from exposing their body nude.
In the last decades of the 19th century, Dr. Joseph Montano, a French anthropologist who
visited the Mandaya areas, called the Mandayas as the “aristocracy of the Mindanao tribes,” or in some
accounts “los Españoles de Mindanao.” The can still be found in the sub-Caragan regions near the
common boundary of Compostela Valley, Agusan del Sur, Davao Oriental, and Surigao del Sur but
without the customary adornments such as the traditional earrings, nose pierces, and body tattoos.
The Manobo possessed a hierarchy, with the bagani holding the reins of power. Though they
held the clout, most baganis were not always keen in attacking settlements knowing that a community
organized by missionaries always enjoyed special Spanish concern and military protection.
Traditionally, they lived on coastal strips or along the riverbanks. For them to be converted to
Christianity, the missionaries had to encourage them to move to small townships that served as the
heart of the residential area. Generally, converts were classified into two groups, namely “those who
lived in the town (poblacion or cabecera); and those in the barrios which were more or less distant,
more or less isolated, and therefore were infrequently in contact with the church or civil authorities.”
Manobo houses used bamboo and nipa for roofing and walls and round timbers for main posts.
A boundary system defined by building a fence around the house was an evolving practice when the
missionaries first arrived. To ensure a steady supply of water, especially during rainy days and when
flooding swelled the riverbanks, they dug wells. The Manobo is one of three tribes under a larger
group, the Kalagan, lumped together with the Mansaka and Tagakaolo (from caoyo, “headwater”).
The Dibabawon, a Manobo sub-tribe, “were great braggarts and fanatic in their opinion; they
were polygamous and had such cruel manners that for no reason at all they would kill each other.” To
assuage them, the Mandaya had to give them slaves to keep them contented; otherwise, they would
kill and harm other tribes. Traditionally, they occupied the Monkayo-Salug area, along the riverbanks
but on the elevated sections. Known for their cruel manners and short temper, they are actually related
to the Manobo due to its “language, general culture, and religious belief, and by genealogy.”
The sub-tribe is also known for their combs that had a band of beaten silver laid across the
convex part above the teeth were known to have come from the Dibabawons of Monkayo or from a
composite group living in the upper section of the river.
A close kin of the Dibabawon tribe, the Mangguangan chiefly populate only the regions of New
Corella, they still practice some of old tribal customs. In farming, they embrace the kaingin (swidden)
farming, and live in highly dispersed communities with their mostly nuclear families. A Mangguangan
house is known as the tog’gan, a raised domicile that uses sturdy, round timbers as posts. It has walls
that are from the bark of a lauan (Shorea negrosensis), with its low hipped gable roof made from rattan
leaves lashed on bamboo laths. The interior of the house is the abohan (hearth), while at the sides are
the sinabong, raised platforms used as private quarters.
Administrators
From 1879 to 2017, Monkayo has been under two gobernadorcillos, 10 municipal district
presidents, four appointed mayors and successors, two officers-in-charge, and 8 post-Edsa elected
mayors, namely: Gobernadorcillos: Luis Dagohoy (1879-80); and Jose Andipan (1881-85); municipal
district presidents: Lino Cervantes (1917-20); Adolfo Mongado (1921-29); Ignacio Cervantes (1930-34);
Ildefonso Labrador, Sr. (1936-38); Pedro Aroma (1936-37); Jose Ibañez (1938-39); Policarpio Aquino.
Sr. (1939-40); Feliciano Cervantes (1941-43); Antonio Superable (1944-45); and Julian de la Cruz (1945-
54); Appointed mayors: Angelo S. Ortiz (1954–1955); Alejandro D. Peñaranda (1955; 1964-66); Severino
C. Lacson (1956–1963); Cecilia A. dela Paz (1966);
Elected mayors and officers-in-charge (OIC): Jose M. T. Amacio (1964-1972); Anastacio C.
Basañes (1972–1986); Constantino T. Alcaraz (1986-1987; 1988-1992); Mariano Damayo Umpad (1987–
1988); Rizal G. Gentugaya (1992-1998; 2003-2004); Avelino Tingson Cabag (1998-2001); Joel B.
Brillantes (2001-2003); Manuel B. Brillantes, Jr. (2004–2013); Joselito B. Brillantes (2013-2016); and
Ramil L. Gentugaya (2016-2022).
1.2 Rationale of the Municipal FLUP in the Context of Improving Forest and Forest Land (FFL)
Management at the LGU Level
Time and again, the attention of local planners is called to the need to incorporate
environmental considerations at all levels of the local planning process. Echoing the call for sustainable
development, it became imperative that local plans reflect, in real and substantive manner, measures
that would ensure that land use and development is consistent with environmental management for
the benefit of present and future generations as well.
An offshoot of decentralized governance promoted in the Local Government Code of 1991 is
the formulation of Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) for Local Government Units (LGUs). This brought a new
viewpoint of governing forestlands under the sphere of shared responsibilities, between the DENR,
LGU, and other stakeholders. Corollary, forestland use planning is a necessary step in rationalizing
allocation and management of an LGU’s forest and forest land resources as it is to its best interest to
have forests and forestlands within its jurisdiction placed under effective management.
The Municipal Government of Monkayo, local stakeholders, the Technical Working Group and
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Community Environment and Natural
Resources Office (DENR-CENRO) are in conformity to enter into a co-management agreement that
protecting the forest is a shared responsibility. Monkayo recognized that forests and forestlands as
natural resource assets, and if properly managed could contribute significantly to its development and
promote the welfare of its people. The Plan is anchored on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development that provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now
and into the future (i.e. Goal 1 – No Poverty, Goal 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation, Goal 12 – Responsible
Consumption and Production, Goal 13 – Climate Action, Goal 14 – Life Below Water, Goal 15 – Life On
Land, and Goal 16 – Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions); and the Philippine Development Plan 2017-
2022 (i.e. ensuring people-centered, clean and efficient governance, expanding economic
opportunities in agriculture and forestry and ensuring ecological integrity, clean and healthy
environment). It is carried out through the guiding principle of sustainable integrated subwatershed
development and participatory and responsive local environmental governance. This will be
operationalized through the articulation of sustainable forest management, biodiversity management,
vulnerability and risk assessment, climate change adaptation and mitigation, disaster risk reduction
and management, and the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
Also, it is prepared to provide appropriate decision-making process on the programs and
projects toward the solution of problems and issues confronting the community and the municipality
as a whole. It is a product of a transparent, accountable and participatory decision-making process
which harmonizes management of protected areas within forest and forestland and integrated
management of ecosystems.
With this Plan, the Local Government Unit of Monkayo together with the DENR is committed
to properly manage forestlands in the municipality, and to ensure that forests and its resources would
be utilized in a sustainable manner. In the long run, the plan hopes that more people of the forests
will soon be partners in the protection and management of the municipality’s forests. Through efforts
such as this one, they will no longer be just users of these resources but more important, responsible
stewards of the forests.
1.3 FLUP in the Context of its Historical, Socio-Economic, Biophysical, Life Support Systems,
Agricultural, Industrial, and Political Importance
Growing demand for land and its natural resources creates competition and conflicts. As
population growth continues, the remaining forestlands are converted to agricultural use, while at the
same time land is appropriated for urban expansion.
The Municipality of Monkayo was once a timber industry due to its endowed abundance of
forest resources. The municipality’s forest was part of the Paper Industries Corporation of the
Philippines (PICOP) massive timber license in the 50’s. PICOP was to become the first company whose
pulp and paper operations fully integrated with its raw material source, which is the forest concession.
It was the first such company in Southeast Asia that sourced its supply of materials from the mixed use
of tropical forest trees for its pulp and paper operations.
However, the operations in the municipality was stopped because of the weak peace and order
situation and the property rights assigned to the company by its concession were affected by changing
national forestry regulations and policies. It is also destabilized because of the pressure of a fast
growing population in lowland barangay and increasing urbanization, forest users also increased.
It has also been observed that forests and forestlands have been massively encroached with
more than 50 percent of its area cleared for farming. Incoming migrant farmers were encouraged to
cultivate in these FFLs, where soils were still fertile and the majority of these farmers practice
subsistence agriculture and were fully aware of the environmental cost of the deforestation. It includes
increased soil erosion and progressive impoverishment of soils. On the other hand, they also drew
some benefits from the agricultural expansion. The increased agricultural production had positively
impacted food security in the municipality, and the cultivation of some export cash crops, created
income opportunities for some. In order to allow for a more sustainable exploitation of the lands,
which support livelihoods without depleting tree and forestry resources, a new forest management
approach is needed.
1.4 FLUP in the Context of the Present and Future Consumption and Production of Food, Fiber
and Water
As long as human beings have been on Earth, they have been modifying the environment and
impacting ecosystems (Tidwell, 2016). They have done so through varied activities including hunting,
farming, building shelters, breeding and caring for animals, generating energy, and harvesting forests
for timber and fuel.
A large and rapidly expanding portion of the upland landscape in Monkayo is being converted
to areas that are permanently farmed. These farms are found in the more relatively accessible sloping
areas that are closest to the lowlands and nearest to roads. They are predominantly cultivated with
subsistence food crops, particularly corn, rootcrops and upland rice, but they are partly used for
perennial high value crop plantations, especially coconut, rubber, oil palm, cacao and coffee
plantations.
Efforts to promote appreciation for the multifaceted contributions of FFLs in the municipality
were particularly timely because of the many threats currently faced by these FFLs. These threats
include the growing population of the municipality, which is projected 115,692 in 2025; climate change,
land degradation, land scarcity, waste generation and deforestation. Already, human activities have
destroyed the forests that once existed under modern climatic conditions. Forests today show clear
signs of past human interventions. Agricultural expansion has come largely at the expense of forest
ecosystems. Deforestation associated with the expansion of crops, pasture, and human development
has resulted in large biological diversity losses.
The local governments (barangay and municipal), with its limited capacity and resources, is
thus, challenged to provide innovative mechanisms directed at shifting the people’s attitude and
practices towards sustainable use of natural resources and reducing waste generation.
This plan will greatly improve the economic activity of the municipality by the production of
continued supply of clean and potable water as it is the most important natural resource. It is essential
in sustaining people, agriculture, industry, and ecosystems. Water is a central organizer of ecosystems.
Water shapes the physical landscape and governs its vegetation, laying the very basis for human life
and civilization. Water is critical to life: without it, humans have no hope for food and raw material
security. With this, water needs will be secured for both agricultural and domestic water use. Irrigation
services will be improved as it is crucial to Monkayo’s food supplies. This implies increase on crops
productivity and farmer’s yield leading to food sufficiency and security ushering the present and future
demands on food consumption in the municipality. Thus, this Plan emphasizes the interrelatedness of
social and technical issues and the importance of an integrated social-technical approach to forest and
agricultural development.
Aside from water production, the continued production of timber supply by sustainably
managing the production forest by engaging into tree plantations will in turn help the municipality
supply on the construction material demands as well as the province and neighboring towns.
Robust in the agriculture sector with the investment in agroforestry is expected to contribute
to the poverty reduction in the area particularly in the timberland.
1.5 Discussion on how the Plan and its Implementation Respond to the Current Problems,
Issues, Needs, and Opportunities in FFL Management within the LGU
One of the key responsibilities of the TWG is to inform and engage the public and policymakers
about the value of forests and their contributions to Monkayo’s economy, environment, and society.
The most important role of this plan is to make sure that this message is effectively and consistently
communicated outside of the FFL communities and to build support for the sustainable management
of forests.
This document indicates the points of view of many development practitioners and
environmental planners about the important role forests play in providing sources of food, clean and
abundant water, energy, forest products, and economic activity that sustain and enhance communities,
and the nation as a whole.
The formulation of FLUP is guided within the context of two guideposts – sustainable integrated
subwatershed development, and participatory and responsive local environmental governance which
is articulated through sustainable forest management, biodiversity management, vulnerability
assessment, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and management, and the reduction
of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. It is a product of a transparent, accountable,
and participatory decision-making process. The plan harmonizes management of protected areas and
ancestral domains within forest and forestland and integrated management of ecosystems.
Part of the strategy is to strengthen the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
for the implementation of the Plan and engage the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Council in the assessment, monitoring and evaluation of the identified programs, projects and activities
of the Plan.
With the implementation of the FLUP, Monkayo will able to meet society’s food, fiber and water
needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
It is expected that the local government will improve its performance on forest and forestland
management and resolved boundary conflicts among barangays even with its adjacent municipalities
and provinces. The plan also serves as a monitoring, assessment and reporting which will give the
BLGU, MLGU and the national agencies a clear perspective and guidance on their management
performance. It is hopeful that local stakeholders will be a responsible and accountable
stewards/managers of FFL. They will have better appreciation and understanding of the need to
rehabilitate denuded forestlands and the need to protect the second growth forests especially those
in priority subwatersheds and existing co-managed areas. In a way, the stakeholders will build a
consensus and develop recommendations on the best practices applicable to forestlands.
Furthermore, the FLUP also contribute to climate change adaptation/mitigation and disaster
risk reduction because increased forest cover implies more carbon sequestration and oxygen
generation, micro-climate amelioration, i.e. amelioration of temperature, rainfall/humidity
enhancement and shelter/green belt against the effects of strong wind, soil erosion control and
preservation of the ecosystem.
However, the true measure of how clearly this message is understood is what the community
is actually willing to support in terms of the land use decisions that are made and related budgets that
are passed as well as forest management decisions and investments made by private landowners.
Moreover, the strategies defined in the FLUP is more than a collection of best practices, it is also
process of negotiation – a push and pull between the sometimes competing interests of an individual
person or of people in a community as they work to solve complex problems about managing the FFL.
Given this scenario, LGU-Monkayo can and will do more, but it cannot succeed alone. Success
will require a series of collective endeavors – coalitions of organizations and individuals working
collaboratively across the municipality together with other municipalities with shared watersheds, with
the full knowledge and support of its constituents. It is understood that working together across
borders and boundaries, we can restore, enhance, and create healthy, resilient FFLs capable of
supplying the resources the Monkayo people want and need for generations to come.
Chapter 2
VISION, MISSION,
GOALS AND
OBJECTIVES ON ITS
FOREST AND
FORESTLANDS
First and foremost, the Local Government Unit of Monkayo has a simple but clear purpose, to
reduce the alarming poverty incidence in Monkayo through the implementation of disaster resilient,
climate change adaptive and sustainable development programs, projects and activities, consistent
with the promotion and protection of humanity and ecology. This is operationalized to help ensure
the main strategic building blocks of poverty alleviation, including Equitable Social Services Support,
Expanding Economic Opportunities, Accelerating Infrastructure Delivery, Environmental Protection and
Preservation, Building Safe and Secure Municipality and Advancing Institutional Capability as shown
in the CDP 2017-2022 Overall Strategic Framework (refer to Figure 1).
When Mayor Ramil L. Gentugaya assumed office in July 2016, his administration affirmed its
promise to the municipality’s electorate to prioritize key programs and projects. Hon. Gentugaya set a
common direction in the development of the municipality and embark on his program of government
by spearheading a stronger brand of public service through his “Responsive Local Governance”
executive agenda which is materialized through these interlinked guideposts: (a) Transparency ( Dayag
na Pagdumala); (b) Participation and Consultation (Pakiglambigit ug Konsultasyon), and, (c)
Relationship and Access (Pakig-relasyon para sa Agi-anan sa mga Ayuda).
This clear direction will help realize the Monkayo’s vision in becoming an agri-industrialized
municipality that is socially and economically progressive community where people are living in an
orderly environment, disaster resilient and climate change adaptive under responsive governance.
This Plan is consistent with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically on: Goal
1 – No Poverty; Goal 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation; Goal 12 – Responsible Consumption and
Production; Goal 13 – Climate Action; Goal 14 – Life Below Water; Goal 15 – Life On Land; and, Goal 16
– Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions and it mirrors the thrust of the Philippine Development Plan
2017-2022, specifically on: ensuring people-centered, clean and efficient governance; expanding
economic opportunities in agriculture and forestry; and, ensuring ecological integrity, clean and
healthy environment.
2.2 Monkayo’s Vision
Imploring the aid of the Divine Providence, Monkayo is an agri-industrialized municipality that
is socially and economically progressive community where people are living in an orderly environment,
disaster resilient and climate change adaptive under responsive governance.
2.3 Mission
Poverty alleviation, through the implementation of disaster resilient, climate change adaptive
and sustainable development programs, projects and activities, consistent with the promotion and
protection of humanity and ecology.
Figure 1. CDP 2017-2022 Overall Strategic Framework
2.4 Goals and Objectives of the Plan
2.4.1 Goals
By the end of 2023, Monkayo will be cleaner and greener while quality of life of upland
communities will be significantly improved. Specifically, it will seek to:
2.4.1.1 Complete the delineation of 7,672.50 hectares of protection forest and 23,135.44 hectares
of production forestland;
2.4.1.2 Effective management in the protection of existing 12,923.02 hectares natural forest (open
and closed canopy forest);
2.4.1.3 Improve the rehabilitation and development of 1,353.41 hectares grasslands, 14,380.97
hectares cultivated forestlands, and 6,539.98 hectares open access areas;
2.4.1.4 Invigorate the conservation and development of water production areas and biodiversity
measures;
2.4.1.5 Pursue nature-based tourism development;
2.4.1.6 Enforce and recognize migrant occupants by CADT holders;
2.4.1.7 Accelerate the development of the priority subwatershed;
2.4.1.8 Increase climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction management; and,
2.4.1.9 Strengthen other support mechanism.
2.4.2 Objectives of the Plan
The implementation of FLUP (and integration to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan) is
envisaged to;
2.4.2.1 Develop an optimization framework that enhances local decision and policy makers'
capacity to evaluate a range of agricultural and environmental management alternatives;
2.4.2.2 Strengthen cooperation and alliance among the higher levels of the government, foreign
institutions, NGOs, POs and private sectors;
2.4.2.3 Promote biodiversity conservation through development of eco-friendly practices in forest
and forest land in the identified barangays annually;
2.4.2.4 Restore and rehabilitate unproductive or abandoned agricultural land, deforested
grasslands, barren areas, and in understocked or degraded forests;
2.4.2.5 Boost mining sector thru Minahan ng Bayan and rationalize its development without
sacrificing the people and environment;
2.4.2.6 Develop effective re-greening programs and projects, and preservation of the environment
in the municipality through community education and public awareness;
2.4.2.7 Establish man-made pocket forest (Provincial Ordinance No. 46-2017) in all barangays in
order to promote tourism, aesthetic, well-balanced and clean ecology;
2.4.2.8 Construct technologically advanced Categorized Final Disposal Facility (sanitary landfill)
with intermediate processing, treatment and disposal facilities integrating waste diversion
schemes like composting, recycling and re-use;
2.4.2.9 Prevent the riverbank erosion and sedimentation (i.e. Agusan River, Manat River, Saug River,
Naboc River) by planting native trees and bamboo and construction and maintenance of
improved river-bank protection works;
2.4.2.10 Adopt sustainable farming techniques e.g. Organic Farming, Sloping Agricultural Land
Technology (SALT), Natural Vegetation Strips (NVS) and Diversified Farming System (DFS)
through Package of Technology (POT), Palayamanan, Farmers Field School (FFS) and
Climate Farm Business School (CBFS);
2.4.2.11 Reinforce food production programs through planting climate-resilient crops, vegetables
and fruit trees in the barangays;
2.4.2.12 Enhance the local research and extension programs and projects to be more responsive in
uplifting the standard of living of farmers and forest dwellers specifically transfer proven
technologies and other agricultural information to farmers to enable them to increase their
farm productivity;
2.4.2.13 Expansion of agro-forestry programs including researches on biodiversity conservation and
proper utilization of natural resources;
2.4.2.14 Generate priority technologies and information on forest use, as well as verification, piloting
and commercialization of the technologies resulting to economically feasible, socially
acceptable and environmentally sound and technology-based enterprises;
2.4.2.15 Intensify communal gardens such as Gulayan sa Paaralan Project (GPP) in all elementary,
secondary and tertiary schools, Gulayan sa Barangay/Purok, and Food Nursery Project in
the municipality;
2.4.2.16 Reinforce the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO) thru fund
provision on newly created positions and providing capability development on forest
resources management;
2.4.2.17 Heighten research, development and extension; and,
2.4.2.18 Create income-generating jobs and employment opportunities through farm learning sites,
farm tourism, and eco-tourism activities.
Chapter 3
SCOPE AND
LIMITATION OF
FOREST LAND
USE PLAN (FLUP)
The participatory and responsive Monkayo FLUP is a five-year plan covering 2019-2023
reconciling the concerns of the DENR, LGU-Monkayo, 18 BLGUs and the local communities in bringing
about better partnership and sustainable management of the Monkayo's forestlands and other
resources. It covers the total land area of the municipality with 67,541.81 hectares excluding the
contested area with its adjacent municipalities of Laak and Montevista in the province of Compostela
Valley and municipalities of Sta. Josefa and Trento in the province of Agusan del Sur.
Monkayo has a total forestland of 30,607.53 hectares (45.32%) while Alienable and Disposable
(A & D) lands is 36,934.29 hectares (54.68%). The planning process used watersheds as the component
in planning. As such, the planning for the forests and forestlands considered the holistic condition of
the watersheds and their contribution to the long-term development of the locality. There are four
subwatersheds identified namely: Logom-Baobo, Upper Agusan, Saug and Simulao subwatersheds
which is described and analyzed individually. These subwatersheds provided the physical support for
defining forests and forestlands allocation and management approaches that were supportive of the
vision stipulated in the plan. Its planned allocation and management activities and/or services were
supportive of the physical and agricultural aspect of the municipality and recognized the boundary
influences among political units within subwatersheds covered by the municipality.
The plan focused and delimited only on the 18 identified barangays involved and recognized
with protective and production forests, namely: Awao, Banlag, Baylo, Casoon, Inambatan, Haguimitan,
Macopa, Mamunga, Mt. Diwata, Naboc, Olaycon, Pasian, Rizal, Salvacion, San Isidro, San Jose, Tubo-
tubo, and Upper Ulip guided by the principle of sustainable integrated subwatershed development
and participatory and responsive local environmental governance.
Also, this FLUP will try to complement with the approved Ancestral Domain Sustainable
Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) 2016-2020 of the Mandaya, Manobo, Mangguangan and
Dibabawon tribes of Monkayo, and also incorporated the Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural
and Agro-industrial Development (NPAAAD), Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones
(SAFDZ), and Diwalwal Mineral Reservation Area (DMRA).
Furthermore, this Plan will be integrated in the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) 2017-
2026 of the municipality to help direct and rationalize the development of environmentally sensitive
and fragile zones and communities in Monkayo as it will provide a takeoff point for future expanded
coverage of the comprehensive (sustainable) land use planning system to include other
environmentally sensitive and fragile communities requiring more detailed treatment.
However, this plan does not cover portions of the watersheds which extends beyond Monkayo’s
political jurisdiction. These were watersheds shared by adjoining municipalities who also need to
produce their own municipal level FLUPs. Periodic updating of the FLUP is seen necessary to respond
the changing conditions, needs and demands of the time.
Chapter 4
METHODOLOGY
4.1 Orientation on Enhanced FLUP Process Formation of the FLUP Team and Action Planning
In accordance with the Executive Order No. 2016-066 (Annex A) and reconstituted through
executive Order No. 2019-040 (Annex B), the Local Chief Executive of Monkayo directed the creation
of the Technical Working Group (TWG) for the preparation of the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) of the
Municipality of Monkayo, which is composed of the personnel coming from Municipal Mayor’s Office,
Municipal Planning and Development Office, Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office
(MENRO), Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO), Municipal
Agriculture Office (MAgrO), Economic Enterprise Management Office (EEMO) through the Waterworks
Operation Unit (WOU) and Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) in
coordination with the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), Municipal Agrarian Reform
Office (MARO), punong barangays, barangay secretaries and barangay IPMRs of the included
barangays, and representatives from CENRO – Monkayo and Provincial Environment and Natural
Resources Office (PENRO) relative to the Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted by LGU-Monkayo (Annex C).
The TWG is tasked to prepare and formulate the Forest Land Use Plan of the Municipality of
Monkayo with the technical assistance from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) Regional Office XI. Also, FLUP Orientation and Action Planning was conducted and participated
by the FLUP-TWG members and secretariat in carrying out the planned activities – from its completion,
legitimization and approval. This activity aimed to generate real commitments from various
stakeholders for the preparation and implementation of the plan. It also provided the stakeholders to
experience the processes involved and to have a firm grasp on how to address good governance and
participatory decision-making processes. It also aimed to provide a deeper understanding on the role
of each institution in the planning process following the context of good governance principles of
Transparency, Accountability and Participation (TAP). Relevant principles were also enumerated for
effective planning and implementation to attain the objectives of sustainable forest management and
soil and water conservation. The methods and processes of FLUP was guided by an action plan
supported by the local stakeholders which followed certain stages.
4.2 MOA between DENR and LGU with Sangguniang Bayan Resolution
A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between LGU of Monkayo represented by Hon. Ramil L.

Gentugaya, Municipal Mayor and DENR RO-XI represented by Atty. Ruth M. Tawantawan, Regional
Director was inked relative to the formulation of Forest Land Use Plan for the planning period 2019-
2023 (Annex D), a co-management agreement which would empower the local government to
develop, manage, protect and use in a sustainable manner a specified area of forestland in Monkayo.
The Sangguniang Bayan (SB) has adopted the MOA and authorized the Local Chief Executive to sign
the said agreement through a SB Resolution No. 2017-15 (Annex E).
4.3 Sources of Information
The TWG secured both primary and secondary data from the Municipal Planning and
Development Office (MPDO), Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau (MGB), National Mapping and Resource
Information Authority (NAMRIA), Land Management Bureau (LMB), Bureau of Soils and Water
Management (BSWM) and DENR RO-XI. Site visits were also done to assess the panoramic status and
current situation of forestlands. The collected data were processed, analyzed and simplified. Updated
and reliable data including maps of the subwatersheds, forest cover, land classification, slope, erosion,
geo-hazard, settlement, vulnerability assessment maps were also prepared. The TWG and multi-
sectoral representatives collected data from their respective Barangay Development Plan (BDP). Data
from Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) 2016-2020, MGB
Geo-Hazards Assessment and Mapping Results, March 2013, Diwalwal Mineral Reservation Area
Development Plan (DMRADP) 2012-2032, Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) 2017-2022,
Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA), and other local plans are considered and observed.
Other information was extracted from the results during the conduct of Participatory Resource
Appraisal (PRA) workshop, Community Consultation and Mapping and ground truth (direct
observation).
4.4 Preparation, Validation and Revision of Thematic and Composite Maps
Firstly, maps were generated through a community mapping activity. The TWG purposely held
a community mapping on each barangay which was attended by barangay officials and functionaries,
indigenous people, community leaders, representatives and other barangay stakeholders. Processing
of maps was done through GIS software facilitated by the TWG particularly the GIS mappers. These
data were gathered to establish an existing forests and forestlands as well as the current condition and
trends of its uses as influenced by different parameters.
All critical data were validated to ensure its accuracy. Consultations, forum, small-group
discussion, focus group discussion, site visitation, key informant interviews and workshops were used
to extract additional information from the stakeholders. In coming up with summary tables needed for
planning, the TWG used map overlays to extract the attribute data. Also, ground truth or information
collected on location was applied to allow image data or developed maps to be related to real features
and materials on the ground.
These thematic and composite maps were prepared showing the specific information. There
were maps prepared and drawn to scale at 1:135,000 for presentation and comments during
workshops while atlas maps were also prepared and formed part of these plan documents. To wit:
- Administrative Map, showing the barangays boundaries;
- Land Classification Map, showing forestland and Alienable or Disposable land;
- Slope Map, showing areas from 0-8% slope, 8-18% slope, 18-30% slope, 30-50% slope and
above 50% slope;
- Elevation Map, showing the elevation ranges from 0-100 masl, 101-500 masl, 501-1,000 masl
and above 1,000 masl;
- Vegetative Cover Map, showing existing forest cover;
- Watershed and Drainage map, showing major rivers, creeks and watershed divide;
- Flood Susceptibility Map, showing flood prone areas;
- Landslide Susceptibility Map, showing landslide prone areas;
- Risk Maps on Flood, Landslide and Fault line;
- Fault Line Map, showing fault line exposed areas;
- Settlement Map, showing clusters of settlements;
- Infrastructure Map, showing road network, bridges and other major structures;
- Tenure Map, showing tenured areas;
- CADT Map, showing areas covered by CADT;
- Forestry Projects Map, showing NGP, CARP and Reforestation projects;
- Biodiversity Map, showing inventory of wildlife species;
- Tourism Map, showing existing and potential tourism sites;
- Mineral Map, showing Mineral Reservation Area and Approved Mining
- Application;
- Declared Protected Watershed Map, showing the protected watershed areas;
- Conflict and Issues Map, showing issues within the forestland and boundary conflict; and
- Proposed Land Use Map, showing zoning within the forestland.
Out of this information, some problems, issues, opportunities and threats were identified and
analyzed and was the basis in developing the strategies for effective FFL management.
4.5 Map Overlays, Analysis, Consultations with Various Stakeholders
Community mapping is undertaken especially in the barangays with FFL to validate and update
the prepared thematic maps and to develop other maps needed in this plan. The TWG purposely held
a community mapping on each barangay with FFL which was composed of barangay representatives
and facilitators, then conducted a reconnaissance survey of the area mapped.
Processing of maps were done through GIS software facilitated by the TWG particularly the GIS
mappers. These data were gathered to establish an existing FFL as well as the current condition and
trends of its uses as influenced by different factors. The actual mapping exercise began with a base
map preparation which is a rough sketch of the permanent community features such as roads, rivers,
creeks, mountain, ridges, and peaks of the municipality. It guides the community in generating
community thematic maps and to come up with the derived maps. Consolidation and manual
contorting of community maps are then conducted to come-up with the technical maps. Data tables
are also processed and simplified through MS Excel table pivoting to facilitate analysis on the existing
situation of the forestland.
Consultations with the various stakeholders are conducted throughout the planning process
from orientation up to technical review of the plan. The results from the community consultation,
community mapping, stakeholder’s analysis workshop and situational analysis workshop are extracted
and incorporated in the plan.
4.6 Criteria for Prioritizing Subwatersheds and for Allocating Open Access (Unallocated and
Unmanaged) FFL
A watershed is a basin-like land area that captures rainfall and conveys the overland flow and
subsurface drainage water to an outlet in the main flow channel. It is unique blends of climate, geology,
hydrology, soil, vegetation, and the human community. Knowing the watershed is the first step in
effective watershed management. Fundamental information about the subwatershed located in
Monkayo include its size, boundary, topography, soil types, climate, population and density, land uses
and trends, distribution of streams and lakes, water quality and quantity, water uses, and economic
and social trends. In this plan, watersheds are being prioritized based on the importance and general
condition using a set of parameters such as biodiversity, eco-tourism, water production, economic
value, protection of lives and properties, protection of infrastructure investments and cultural heritage.
Conversely, there is no open access forestland in the municipality.
Effective watershed management comprises this plan and to its implementation and evaluation
components. It included the characterization the present subwatershed conditions, identification and
prioritization of problems, defining management objectives, and development of protection or
remediation strategies and practices.
This FLUP also reiterated that the watershed management starts with partnership establishment
with identified stakeholders who make water resource and quality management decisions, who
implement or can affect implementation of the decisions, who are influenced by the decisions, and
who can assist in the management planning. The stakeholders will help identify issues and concerns in
the watershed and set up long-term management goals. Planning done at a barangay and municipal
level will have great influence on the future of the identified subwatersheds and beyond. This FLUP
serve as a map to that future.
4.7 Community Mapping and Field Validation of Recommendations for the Allocation and
Management of the FFL and Prioritizing Subwatersheds
The community-driven participatory approach in the planning process cannot be understated.

Increasing involvement of key stakeholders is one concrete application of good governance in
sustainable forestry management since it creates an equitable environment where various interests of
different stakeholders are considered in maximizing benefits from use of forest areas.
Guided on this paradigm, a series of community mapping were scheduled and conducted to
the identified barangays. This three-day community mapping was conducted and facilitated by the
technical personnel of DENR RO-XI, CENRO-Monkayo and PENRO and MPDO. Field validation of
recommendations was also conducted for the allocation and management of the forest and forestland
participated by the community working group and key stakeholders.
Also, the results of the situational analysis including actual and emerging issues/conflicts in the
forests and forestlands management were discussed. Setting of the agreed criteria were conducted in
the preliminary but recommendatory allocation and management plan of forests and forestlands,
prioritization of subwatersheds based on agreed criteria, and crafting the initial allocation plan utilizing
the Delphi approach assisted by DENR RO-XI. This approach is empirically used in reaching a
consensus as it is important in responding to participatory approach based on accessible, sound, and
defensible information and the stakeholders are better informed in a transparent manner.
Workshops revealed that the Upper Agusan subwatershed will be prioritized first followed by
Simulao river subwatershed (2nd), Saug river subwatershed (3rd) and Logom-Baobo subwatershed (4th)
according to their relative importance in the municipality. In Upper Agusan subwatershed, the TWG
and other key stakeholders proposed to plan the protection of lives and properties (settlement
density/population), hydrological values and economic values as priorities.
Figure 2. Community mapping activity in Barangay Casoon
4.8 Visioning, Drafting, and Revising the Final Forest Land Use Plan
The TWG and other key stakeholder participated in the series of lectures and writeshops
discussing in details the steps in the forest land use planning process. These include orientation on
Governance-Oriented Forest Land Use Planning; Social Preparation, Profiling and Mapping; Situational
Analysis; Participatory Process in Planning the Allocation of Forests and Forestlands and Prioritizing
Subwatersheds; and, Drafting, Legitimization and Approval of Municipal Forest Land Use Plan.
The TWG drafted, revised and finalized the plan and incorporated the comments and
suggestions made by the DENR technical team. A series of small presentations and informal
discussions with legislative council or head and members were conducted in the presence of SB
Committee on Environment to increase understanding and appreciation on the plan to facilitate
legitimization. Additional issues and recommendations were discussed during these plan
presentations prior to the eventual packaging.
4.9 Legitimization/Endorsement and Approval of FLUP by the Local Chief Executive and the
DENR
The plan underwent several layers of review, approval, and legitimization protocols both from
the DENR RO-XI and LGU-Monkayo. The final Forest Land Use Plan 2019-2023 was presented to the
Municipal Development Council (MDC) for its adoption and for endorsement to the Sangguniang
Bayan. The SB passed resolution legitimizing and endorsing the FLUP to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan
(SP) and DENR RO-XI Regional Director (RD) and authorizing the Municipal Mayor to sign a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the joint implementation of the FLUP.
However, the DENR RO-XI requires the plan to be presented for en banc review to determine
the technical integrity of the data and the recommendations. Completion and integration of comments
in the plan will pave the way for the CENRO and PENRO endorsements and eventual approval by the
regional Executive Director.
Upon approval, the DENR and the Municipal Mayor will jointly implement the FLUP, with the
DILG Regional Director as witness. The MOA emphasized the roles and responsibilities of these line
agencies, their joint partnership, complementation and resources sharing towards the plan
implementation.
In a nutshell, the following steps were followed in conducting and accomplishing the plan as
shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. The FLUP Process
Chapter 5
KEY FINDINGS
5.1 Municipal Profile
5.1.1 Biophysical Profile
Location
The Municipality of Monkayo is located in the Northern most part of Compostela Valley
Province. It lies on the grid squares 7°42’ to 8°00’, latitude 125°57’ to 126°12’ longitude and bounded
on the north by the Province of Agusan del Sur, somewhere in the 8th parallel, to the south by the
Municipalities of Compostela and Montevista, to the west by the Municipality of Laak and east by the
Municipality of Boston, Davao Oriental. Refer to Figure 4.
Figure 4. Map of Compostela Valley showing Municipality of Monkayo
From Davao City, the municipality of Monkayo is 120 kilometers away and is approximately a
three-hour bus ride traversing along the Philippine-Japan Friendship Road/Maharlika Road/Asian
Highway 26.
In the Northwestern Section, access can be made through a graveled road traversing through
Barangays Banlag and San Jose, towards the Northwestern boundary with Laak. The road in Crossing
Sarmiento, Barangay Banlag will proceed to Sitio Liwanag then to Barangay Awao. Another road leads
from national highway near the Iglesia ni Cristo Church going up to Barangay San Jose center, going
up to Sitios Tag-usab, Totoy, Mabuhay and Barangay Awao.
In the Northeastern Section, a one lane road beginning from Crossing Haguimitan towards the
interior parts of the barangay ending up in Agusan River. A road from National Highway (Barangay
Baylo) towards Lower and Upper Buay and towards Mt. Diwata within DMPI logging road. Another
road from National Highway (Barangay Pasian area) towards Sitio Odiongan and other sitios located
in Mt. Pasian in PICOP road 7.
In the Southeastern Section, the main access road in this section starts from National Highway,
(Petron Station) and passes through Barangays Salvacion, Union and Tubo-tubo, and towards
Barangay Naboc. Turning left at Brgy. Union rotonda is a road leading to Barangay Upper Ulip and
Barangay Mt. Diwata. A road beginning from Salvacion center leads towards interior Buay, going up
the PICOP road. A trail from Upper Ulip is used to reach Sitio Matangad.
At the East-West Territory, a road emanating from the National Highway cuts across Barangay
Poblacion center towards Purok 12 to Sitio Lower Ulip, Magas, Mamunga, Babag and Macopa up to
Monkayo and Compostela boundaries (Pilar and Mangayon). A provincial road crossing with the
National Highway at Km. 113 is the access road to Brgys. Inambatan and Macopa.
Political Subdivision and Barangays Covered
Monkayo is a 1st class municipality and belongs to the first legislative district of the province
of Compostela Valley Province in terms of political jurisdiction. It has a total land area of 67,541.81
hectares and sub-divided into 21 barangays as exhibitied in Figure 5. The municipality’s land area is
15% of the total land area of Compostela Valley Province which is 466,693 hectares.
Figure 5. Administrative Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
Land Area by Barangay
The land area covered by the municipality is 67,541.82 hectares including the contested area
with its adjacent municipalities of Laak and Montevista in the province of Compostela Valley and
municipalities of Sta. Josefa and Trento in the province of Agusan del Sur. There are 18 barangays
classified as upland barangays and three barangays classified as lowland barangays. Among the 21
barangays, Barangay Pasian has the largest land area with 16,379.42 hectares or 24.25% while Barangay
Mt. Diwata has the smallest land area with 811.08 hectares or 1.20% of the total land area of the
municipality. Refer to Table 1.
Table 1
Land Area by Barangay
Area Percent to
Barangay Name Date of Creation
(in hectares) total
Upland Barangays
Awao 8,383.91 12.41 September 14, 1954
Banlag 2,091.15 3.10 June 19, 1960
Baylo 4,766.55 7.06 September 14, 1954
Casoon 5,125.56 7.59 June 21, 1969
Haguimitan 1,647.48 2.44 May 13, 1920
Inambatan 970.18 1.44 April 25, 1956
Macopa 1,806.66 2.67 June 21, 1969
Mamunga 1,074.23 1.59 September 04, 1954
Mt. Diwata 811.08 1.20 February 11, 1987
Naboc 1,138.32 1.69 March 22, 1961
Olaycon 1,555.38 2.30 March 5, 1954
Pasian 16,379.42 24.25 May 27, 1956
Rizal 3,165.40 4.69 June 21, 1969
Salvacion 3,680.60 5.45 September 14, 1954
San Isidro 1,759.42 2.60 June 19, 1960
San Jose 2,260.66 3.35 June 21, 1969
Tubo-tubo 2,494.17 3.69 September 14, 1954
Upper Ulip 4,853.85 7.19 January 27, 1969
Sub-Total 63,964.02
Lowland Barangays
Babag 830.49 1.23 September 06, 1954
Poblacion 1,527.11 2.26 September 14, 1954
Union 1,220.19 1.81 September 14, 1954
Sub-Total 3,577.79
Overall Total 67,541.82
Source: MPDO, 2018
Land Classification
As gleaned in Table 2, a total of 30,607.53 hectares or 45.32% is classified as alienable and

disposable (A & D) lands while forestland comprises 36,934.29 hectares or 54.68% of the total area.
Table 2
Land Classification
Area
Land Classification % to Total
(in Hectares)
Alienable & Disposable Land ( A & D) 30,607.53 45.32
Forestland 36,934.29 54.68
Total 67,541.82 100.00
Source: DENR and MPDO, 2018
As mentioned, there are 18 barangays with forestland area identified in the municipality where
Barangay Pasian has the largest land area with 9,595.96 hectares while Barangay Haguimitan has the
smallest area with 131.04 hectares of the total forestland area of Monkayo. See Table 3 and Figure 6.
Table 3
Land Classification by Barangay
Area (in Hectares) Percent to
Barangay
A&D Forestland Total Total
Upland Barangays
Awao 3,923.62 4,460.29 8,383.91 12.41
Banlag 771.63 1,319.53 2,091.15 3.10
Baylo 1,883.78 2,882.76 4,766.55 7.06
Casoon 998.74 4,126.82 5,125.56 7.59
Haguimitan 1,516.44 131.04 1,647.48 2.44
Inambatan 815.19 154.99 970.18 1.44
Macopa 930.52 876.14 1,806.66 2.67
Mamunga 942.46 131.77 1,074.23 1.59
Mt. Diwata - 811.08 811.08 1.20
Naboc 726.34 411.98 1,138.32 1.69
Olaycon 1,153.46 401.92 1,555.38 2.30
Pasian 6,738.46 9,595.96 16,379.42 24.25
Rizal 729.38 2,436.02 3,165.40 4.69
Salvacion 1,277.51 2,403.08 3,680.60 5.45
San Isidro 1,284.79 474.63 1,759.42 2.60
San Jose 1,008.53 1,252.13 2,260.66 3.35
Tubo-tubo 1,412.89 1,081.27 2,494.17 3.69
Upper Ulip 870.99 3,982.86 4,853.85 7.19
Sub-Total 27,029.74 36,934.29 63,964.02 94.70
Lowland Barangays
Babag 830.49 - 830.49 1.23
Poblacion 1,527.11 - 1,527.11 2.26
Union 1,220.19 - 1,220.19 1.81
Sub-Total 3,577.79 - 3,577.79 5.30
Total 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82
Source: MPDO, 2018
Figure 6. Land Classification Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
Topography and Slope
The topography of the municipality is characterized by extensive mountain ranges and vast
rolling area with uneven distribution of lowlands. The mountains are naturally endowed with rich forest.
Mt. Olagusan on the northwest serves as the boundary between the Municipality of Monkayo and the
Municipality of Laak. Barangays situated in this area are: Olaycon, Banlag, San Isidro, San Jose, Casoon
and Awao. In the northwest Mt. Agtuuganon serves as the boundary between Monkayo and the
municipalities of Cateel and Boston in the province of Davao Oriental. Refer to Figure 7.
A total land area of 17,316.83 hectares (25.64%) has a slope of 30-50% or hilly to mountainous
while 22.64% of the land area has a slope of 0-8% or level to undulating. Moreover, 20.95% of the land
area has a slope above 50% or mountainous areas. Among the forestland barangays, Pasian has the
largest land area with above 50% slope of 2,751.18 hectares, followed by Upper Ulip (1,763.90 has),
Awao (1,597.88 has) and Baylo (1,587.11 has). Refer to Table 4 and Figure 6.
Table 4
Slope Classification
Area (in Hectares) Percent to
Slope Classification Total
A&D Forestland Total
0-8% Slope, Level to Undulating 14,251.19 1,040.25 15,291.43 22.64

8-18% Slope, Undulating to Rolling 5,523.32 3,245.28 8,768.59 12.98
18-30% Slope, Rolling to Hilly 5,099.12 6,913.32 12,012.43 17.79
30-50% Slope, Hilly to Mountainous 4,367.99 12,948.84 17,316.83 25.64
Above 50% Slope, Mountainous 1,365.92 12,786.60 14,152.53 20.95
Total 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82 100.00
Source: MPDO, 2018
Figure 7. Slope Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
Elevation
Majority of the municipality’s land area has an elevation of 100-500 meters above sea level
constituting to 32,183.33 hectares (47.65%) of which 24,274.49 hectares are located in the forestland.
About 36.76% or 24,287.81 hectares have an elevation of 0-100 meters above sea level while 2.47%
have an elevation of above 1,000 meters above sea level. In addition, Salvacion has the highest land
area (498.74 has) with an elevation above 1,000 meters above sea level, followed by Mt. Diwata, Upper
Ulip, Baylo and Rizal with 407.41 hectares, 363.77 hectares, 341.36 hectares and 59.01 hectares,
respectively. Refer to Table 5 and Figure 7.
Table 5
Elevation
Elevation Area (in Hectares) Percent
Total
(masl) A&D Forestland to Total
0 – 100 22,698.69 2,129.12 24,287.81 36.76
100 – 500 7,908.84 24,274.49 32,183.33 47.65
500 – 1,000 - 8,860.38 8,860.38 13.12
Above 1,000 - 1,670.30 1,670.30 2.47
Total 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82 100.00
Source: MPDO, 2018
Figure 8. Elevation Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
Climate and Rainfall
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

utilizes three climatic classification systems, namely: Corona, Hernandez, and Koppen. The Corona
classification gives emphasis on season type, the Hernandez on the number of wet and dry months,
and the Koppen on the temperature range and the amount of rainfall in the driest month.
Based on Corona Climatological Classification, the climate of the Monkayo is generally classified
as Type IV, which characterized by rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year. The average rainfall
is 3,456 mm. There is a difference of 319 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months.
However, it is observed that November, December and January are usually the wettest, while May and
June are the driest. During the same period, average temperature ranged between 26.00C to 30.00C,
although this has been increased for the past years. The variation in annual temperature is around 1.80
C. Common climate hazards identified in Monkayo include flooding and rain-induced hazards based
on the information collected and analyzed.
It is said that the rainfall in Monkayo is significant, with precipitation even during the driest
month. This climate is considered to be Af according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification where
precipitation in driest month at least 60 mm. In 2018 report of World Weather Online, November has
the highest rainfall with 200.3 mm and 27 days with rain while July has the lowest number of rainy days
and a mean monthly rainfall of 13.68 mm as shown in Figure 9.
Source: World Weather Online, 2018
Figure 9. Average Rainfall Amount and Rainy Days
In 1912, Monkayo, an interior municipality, was hit by a typhoon. Based on the missionary
letters, the vortex of the freak storm entered Mindanao via the northern sector of Baganga and south
of Cateel on November 27 before crossing Agusan River between Jativa and Compostela. On
December 4, 2012, after a century of lull, Monkayo was devastated by super typhoon Pablo (Typhoon
Bopha – international name), the strongest tropical cyclone on record to ever affect the southern island
of Mindanao, making landfall as a Category 5 super typhoon with winds of 175 mph (280 km/h). It
caused massive flooding and landslides that killed many inhabitants of the municipality and damage
to infrastructure, forests and agriculture, destroying large tracts of coconut, rubber and banana farms.
Vegetative Cover
As of 2015, Monkayo’s vegetative cover is generally planted with perennial crops which is
accounted to 48.28% of forestland area constituting to 14,277.24 hectares. These are crops which are
alive year-round, and commercially grown and harvested. It is followed by open canopy forest with a
total coverage of 12,681.13 hectares. While, closed canopy forest has the least coverage with 388.11
hectares or 0.57% of the total vegetative cover. It is a dense growth of trees in which the top branches
and leaves form a ceiling, or canopy, that light can barely penetrate to reach the forest floor. Vegetative
cover is very important in addressing soil erosion and water runoff. Refer to Table 6 and Figure 10.
Table 6
Vegetative Cover
Area (in Hectares) Percent
Vegetative Cover Total
A&D Forestland to Total
Closed Canopy Forest - 388.11 388.11 0.57
Open Canopy Forest 146.21 12,534.91 12,681.13 18.78
Wooded Grassland 3,198.90 1,354.04 4,552.94 6.74
Grassland 12.44 - 12.44 0.02
Shrubs 1,913.23 7,903.43 9,816.66 14.53
Barren Land - 20.92 20.92 0.03
Annual Crop 5,628.30 45.99 5,674.29 8.40
Perennial Crop 18,331.72 14,277.24 32,608.96 48.28
Inland Water 865.06 340.22 1,205.28 1.78
Built-up Areas 511.68 69.41 581.09 0.86
Total 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82 100.00
Figure 10. Vegetative Cover Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
Watersheds
Monkayo is within the Agusan River Basin which is the third largest river basin of the Philippines
with drainage area of 10,921 km². It is located in the northeastern part of Mindanao. The Agusan River
passes mainly through three (3) provinces in Region XI and Caraga. The river originates from the slopes
of Davao Oriental, traverses northward through Compostela Valley, Agusan Marsh in Agusan del Sur,
and Agusan del Norte, before draining into Butuan Bay.
There are four subwatersheds identified in Monkayo, namely: Logom-Baobo, Upper Agusan,
Saug River and Simulao subwatersheds. Upper Agusan subwatershed covers 50,369.20 hectares
(74.57%) of which 22,579.70 hectares are within the forestland as shown in Table 7. It is followed by
Simulao subwatershed, Saug River subwatershed and Logom-Baobo subwatershed which covers
10,690.42 hectares; 3,022.71 hectares; and, 641.46 hectares within the forestland, respectively. Also,
refer to Figure 11.
Table 7
Subwatersheds
Area (in hectares) Percent
Name of Subwatershed
A&D Forestland Total to Total
Logom-Baobo subwatershed - 641.46 641.46 0.95
Upper Agusan subwatershed 27,789.50 22,579.70 50,369.20 74.57
Saug River subwatershed 2,031.05 3,022.71 5,053.77 7.48
Simulao subwatershed 786.98 10,690.42 11,477.3 16.99
Total 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82 100.00
Figure 11. Watershed and Drainage Map
As exhibited in Table 8, Upper-Agusan subwatershed covers 18 barangays within the forestland
while Saug River subwatershed covers five barangays within the forestland including Awao, Banlag,
Casoon, Olaycon and San Isidro. Moreover, Simulao subwatershed spreads over to six barangays
including Baylo, Mt. Diwata, Pasian, Rizal, Salvacion and Upper Ulip, covering an aggregate area of
10,690.42 hectares within the forestland.
Table 8
Subwatershed and its Barangays Covered
Area (in Hectares)
Logom- Upper-Agusan Saug River Simulao
Barangay Baobo Subwatershed Subwatershed Subwatershed Total
Subwatershed
Forestland A&D Forestland A&D Forestland A&D Forestland
Upland Barangays
Awao - 3,901.58 4,421.42 - 38.87 22.04 - 8,383.91
Banlag - 771.63 1,311.62 - 7.91 - - 2,091.16
Baylo - 1,883.78 1,619.07 - - - 1,263.70 4,766.55
Casoon 641.46 1.51 816.04 997.23 2,669.32 - - 5,125.55
Haguimitan - 1,516.44 131.04 - - - - 1,647.48
Inambatan - 815.19 154.99 - - - - 970.18
Macopa - 930.52 876.14 - - - - 1,806.66
Mamunga - 942.46 131.77 - - - - 1,074.23
Mt. Diwata - - 733.41 - - - 77.67 811.08
Naboc - 726.34 411.98 - - - - 1,138.32
Olaycon - 1,153.46 379.94 - 21.98 - - 1,555.38
Pasian - 6,018.52 2,286.22 - - 764.93 7,309.74 16,379.42
Rizal - 729.38 856.01 - - - 1,580.01 3,165.41
Salvacion - 1,277.51 1,958.26 - - - 444.82 3,680.59
San Isidro - 250.97 190.00 1,033.83 284.62 - - 1,759.42
San Jose - 1,008.53 1,252.13 - - - - 2,260.66
Tubo-tubo - 1,412.89 1,081.27 - - - - 2,494.17
Upper Ulip - 870.99 3,968.38 - - - 14.48 4,853.85
Sub-Total 641.46 24,211.70 22,579.69 2,031.06 3,022.70 786.97 10,690.42 63,964.03
Lowland Barangays
Babag - 830.49 - - - - - 830.49
Poblacion - 1,527.11 - - - - - 1,527.11
Union - 1,220.19 - - - - - 1,220.19
Sub-Total - 3,577.79 - - - - - 3,577.79
Total 641.46 27,789.49 22,579.69 2,031.06 3,022.70 786.97 10,690.42 67,541.82
Hazard Areas
Based on the Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) 2017 report, Monkayo identified
flooding, rain-induced landslide and faultline as its major hazards and threats that pose a greater risk
to its people and resources. Its impacts include injury, loss of life, property damage, loss of livelihood
and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
a. Flood
About 13.34% (CDRA, 2017) of the total land area of the municipality is considered susceptible
to flooding which covers 8,690.98 hectares of A&D and 315.74 hectares of forestland. As shown in
Table 9, there are 229.58 hectares or 0.02% of the total forestland in the municipality is susceptible to
flooding and are categorized as high and 53.21 hectares (0.14%) are categorized as very high. Also,
refer to Figure 12.
Table 9
Flood Susceptible Area
Flood Area (in Hectares) Percent to
Susceptibility Total
Low 2.470.40 2.15 2,472.55 27.45
Moderate 1,005.62 30.80 1,036.42 11.51
High 2,557.27 229.58 2,786.85 30.94
Very High 2,657.70 53.21 2,710.91 30.10
Total 8,690.98 315.74 9,006.73 100.00
Source: CDRA, 2017
Figure 12. Flood Susceptibility Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
While the risk of flooding can fluctuate annually, several areas in the municipality have
historically absorbed the brunt of damage, including those near the major inland waterways. Floods
are the natural disaster that disrupts the people’s lives making it the most common natural disaster
experienced in Monkayo. A total of 37,773 persons vulnerable to flooding constituting to 39.90% of
the total population of the municipality. There are 1,424 (1.50%) individuals living within the forestland
who are highly and very highly susceptible to flooding. Refer to Table 10.
Table 10
Population Susceptible to Flooding
No. of Population
A&D Forestland
Barangay Total
Very Very
Low Medium High Low Medium High
High High
Upland Barangays
Awao 1,191 189 137 - 237 - 266 - 2,020
Banlag 101 - 1,315 3 - - - - 1,419
Baylo - - - 729 - - - - 729
Casoon - 230 - - - - - - 230
Haguimitan 179 191 297 150 - - - - 817
Inambatan - - 4 24 - - - - 28
Macopa 79 - 237 9 - - - - 325
Mamunga 718 142 - 175 - - - - 1,035
Mt. Diwata - - - - - - 702 - 702
Naboc 652 467 497 1,189 - - - - 2,805
Olaycon - 361 1,116 - - - - 1,477
Pasian 10 83 1,736 - - - - - 1,829
Rizal - - 10 - - - - - 10
Salvacion 304 310 73 595 - - - - 1,282
San Jose 387 10 493 323 - - 159 2 1,374
Tubo-tubo 816 1,754 384 38 - - - - 2,992
Upper Ulip 124 74 223 100 - 149 222 73 965
Lowland Barangays
Babag 1,574 - 1,149 204 - - - - 2,927
Poblacion 3,795 62 5,088 3,164 - - - - 12,109
Union 2,586 - 50 62 - - - - 2,698
Total 12,516 3,512 12,054 7,881 237 149 1,349 75 37,773
Source: CDRA, 2017
There are 8,989 households vulnerable to flooding or 42.19% of the total municipal households
wherein 424 households are within the forestland situated in Awao, Mt. Diwata, San Jose and Upper
Ulip. Refer to Table 11.
Table 11
Households Susceptible to Flooding
No. of Households
A&D Forestland
Barangay Total
Very Very
Low Medium High Low Medium High
High High
Upland Barangays
Awao 256 41 36 - 50 - 54 - 437
Banlag 23 - 297 2 - - - - 322
Baylo - - - 165 - - - - 165
Casoon - 56 - - - - - - 56
Haguimitan 45 47 74 35 - - - - 201
Inambatan - - 1 6 - - - - 7
Macopa 17 - 56 3 - - - - 76
Mamunga 186 39 - 46 - - - - 271
Mt. Diwata - - - - - - 182 - 182
Naboc 153 112 124 288 - - - - 677
Olaycon - - 80 251 - - - - 331
Pasian 3 17 402 - - - - - 422
Rizal - - 3 - - - - - 3
Salvacion 68 69 18 141 - - - - 296
San Jose 104 4 118 79 - - 32 1 338
Tubo-tubo 194 391 83 10 - - 678
Upper Ulip 27 18 56 24 - 36 55 14 230
Lowland Barangays
Babag 385 - 269 54 - - - - 708
Poblacion 914 14 1,219 734 - - - - 2,881
Union 638 - 56 24 - - - - 230
Total 3,013 808 2,851 1,853 50 36 323 15 8,949
Source: CDRA, 2017
b. Landslide
In developing municipalities such as Monkayo, any means of preventing slope failures and
landslides is crucial. Tight budgets prohibit the building of more permanent structures and the
securing of areas that are becoming ever more populated. The relentless search for new land has
pushed local residents to live in places where slopes are unstable and can escalate into full-blown
landslides during the typhoon season or after an earthquake.
Landslides are commonly defined as down slope movements of soil, sediment and rock. They
take many different forms and are common everywhere around the municipality but there are certain
areas in which these kinds of events occur more frequently.
The potential for loss of life and assets from landslides is increasing in many mountainous and
hilly areas of the municipality. It has been observed in Monkayo that logging, residential and
infrastructure development and other activities continue to expand on slopes with very high risk of
landslides. Excessive soil water content is the primary cause of slope failure while steep slopes, weak
soils, or topography that concentrates water are the main factors contributing to landslide risk. Poorly
constructed roads and the loss of soil reinforcement and water extraction by tree roots increases the
probability of landslides during triggering events such as prolonged heavy rainfall.
About 36,026.97 hectares or 53.34% of the municipality’s total land area is highly susceptible
to landslide wherein 32,054.49 hectares is within the forestland. There are 932.90 hectares is considered
very high susceptibility to landslide of which 537.39 hectares are within the forestland. Refer to Table
12 and Figure 13.
Table 12
Landslide Susceptible Area
Landslide Area (in Hectares) Percent
Total
Susceptibility A&D Forestland to Total
Debris Flow Path 2,600.31 57.85 2,658.16 3.97
Low 11,727.16 357.55 12,084.71 17.89
Moderate 11,912.07 3,927.00 15,839.07 23.45
High 3,972.48 32,054.49 36,026.97 53.34
Very High 395.51 537.39 932.90 1.38
Total 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82 100.00
Source: CDRA, 2017; RCBMS, 2016
Figure 13. Landslide Susceptibility Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
There are 91,263 persons vulnerable to landslide or 96.41% of the total population of Monkayo.
There are 21,718 (23.79%) inhabitants within the forestland that are highly to very highly vulnerable to
landslide. Refer to Table 13.
Table 13
Population Susceptible to Landslide
No. of Population
A&D Forestland
Barangay Debris Debris Total
Very Very
Flow Low Moderate High Flow Low Moderate High
High High
Path Path
Upland Barangays
Awao - 2,357 670 17 - - 483 1,409 303 - 5,239
Banlag 3 1,686 2,014 25 - - - 390 874 - 4,992
Baylo 727 1,350 1,210 32 - - - - 9 - 3,328
Casoon - 1,044 472 34 - - - 1,574 3,149 - 6,273
Haguimitan - 150 603 1,552 34 - - 7 20 - 2,336
Inambatan - 28 1,567 - 98 - 14 - 8 - 1,715
Macopa - 9 2,529 - 20 - 18 - 47 - 2,623
Mamunga - 123 1,630 - 2 - - - - - 1,755
Mt. Diwata - - - - - - - 4,393 5,023 760 10,176
Naboc - 1,189 1,567 242 16 - 8 - - 3,022
Olaycon - 1,099 638 336 88 170 - - - 3 2,334
Pasian - 2,651 1,799 373 24 - 6 97 151 5,101
Rizal - 358 1,609 - - - - - 85 - 2,052
Salvacion 587 1,944 644 279 - - - - 20 - 3,474
San Isidro - - 472 842 23 - - 7 125 - 1,469
San Jose 327 872 1,124 252 - 2 - 218 417 - 3,212
Tubo-tubo 38 2,977 292 224 - - - - 107 - 3,638
Upper Ulip 100 1,725 689 22 - 73 74 766 1,107 46 4,602
Lowland Barangays
Babag 207 2,723 - - - - - - - - 2,930
Poblacion 3,159 14,094 85 - - - - - - - 17,338
Union 70 3,526 52 6 - - - - - - 3,654
Total 7,816 45,841 13,232 2,364 217 75 595 8,869 11,445 809 91,263
There are 2,873 (13.37%) households that are highly to very highly vulnerable to landslide within
the forestland. Mt. Diwata registered with the most number of households susceptible to rain-induced
landslide which accounted to 74.53% of its total household population. Refer to Table 14.
Table 14
Households Susceptible to Landslide
No. of Households
A&D Forestland
Barangay Debris Debris Total
Very Very
Flow Low Moderate High Flow Low Moderate High
High High
Path Path
Upland Barangays
Awao - 512 154 5 - - 99 315 82 - 1,167
Banlag 2 383 485 5 - - - 98 202 - 1,175
Baylo 165 308 297 8 - - - - 2 - 780
Casoon - 256 116 9 - - - 341 677 - 1,399
Haguimitan 35 138 369 6 - - - 2 7 - 557
Inambatan 7 389 - 25 - - 3 - 2 - 426
Macopa 3 613 - 4 - - 5 - 9 - 634
Mamunga 30 403 - 1 - - - - - - 434
Mt. Diwata - - - - - - - 1,077 1,236 183 2,496
Naboc 288 376 57 3 - - - 2 - - 726
Olaycon 247 148 77 26 34 - - - - 1 533
Pasian - 617 412 105 5 3 23 36 - 1,201
Rizal - 85 355 - - - - - 20 - 460
Salvacion 140 445 416 54 - - - - 8 - 793
San Isidro 118 199 6 - - 2 28 - 353
San Jose 80 231 259 60 - 1 - 46 91 - 769
Tubo-tubo 10 684 67 48 - - - - 20 - 829
Upper Ulip 24 397 155 5 - 14 16 171 259 10 1,051
Lowland Barangays
Babag 55 654 - - - - - - - - 709
Poblacion 734 3,341 21 - - - - - - - 4,096
Union 17 867 12 1 - - - - - - 897
Total 1,837 1,087 3,100 565 45 15 126 2,077 2,679 194 21,485
c. Fault Line
A fault is the movement of the rock on either side. When that movement is sudden, the released
energy causes an earthquake. Some faults are tiny, but others are part of great fault systems along
which rocks have slid past each other for hundreds of miles. These fault systems are the boundaries of
the huge plates that make up the Earth's crust. There is a fault line within the municipality identified
and reported by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) with 10.75 linear
kilometers passing through 13 barangays as shown in Table 15 and Figure 14. About 43.53% of the
fault line area is within the forestland.
Table 15
Faultline Area
Length (in Kilometer)
Barangay Total
A&D Forestland
Upland Barangays
Awao 1.21 14.74 15.95
Banlag 5.74 0.87 6.61
Baylo 4.44 - 4.44
Haguimitan 0.11 - 0.11
Inambatan 3.17 1.31 4.48
Macopa 2.18 2.37 4.55
Mamunga 0.44 0.37 0.81
Olaycon 5.26 - 5.26
Pasian 6.72 1.71 8.43
Rizal 1.68 0.61 2.29
Salvacion 1.30 - 1.30
San Jose 1.00 5.27 6.28
Lowland Barangay
Poblacion 2.10 - 2.10
Total 35.36 27.25 62.61
Percent to Total 56.47 43.53 100.00
Source: CDRA, 2017
Figure 14. Fault Line Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
A total of 183 (0.19%) persons are within the five (5) meters’ buffer zone of the identified fault
line area of which 68 persons living within the forestland particularly in barangays Awao and
Inambatan. Refer to Table 16.
Table 16
Population within Faultline Buffer Zone
No. of Population
Barangay Total
A&D Forestland
Upland Barangays
Awao - 63 63
Banlag 63 - 63
Inambatan 13 5 18
Macopa 3 - 3
Olaycon 20 - 20
Pasian 5 - 5
Lowland Barangay
Poblacion 11 - 11
Total 115 68 183
Percent to Total 62.84 37.16 100
Source: CDRA, 2017
There are 46 households situated within the five (5) meters’ buffer zone of the identified fault
line area wherein 14 households are within the forestland, 13 of which is located in Brgy. Awao. Refer
to Table 17.
Table 17
Households within Faultline Buffer Zone
No. of Households
Barangay Total
A&D Forestland
Upland Barangays
Awao - 13 13
Banlag 18 - 18
Inambatan 4 1 5
Macopa 1 - 1
Olaycon 5 - 5
Pasian 1 - 1
Lowland Barangay
Poblacion 3 - 3
Total 32 14 46
Percent to Total 69.57 30.43 100
Source: CDRA, 2017
5.1.2 Socio-Economic and Cultural Profile
Demography
Monkayo is composed of one urban barangay and 20 rural barangays. Among the cities and
municipalities in Davao region, Monkayo ranked 9th in terms of population size with 94,658 persons
and ranked 1st in the Province of Compostela Valley based on the 2015 census with a population
density of 140 inhabitants per square kilometer (PSA, 2015). See Table 18.
Of the 21 barangays in Monkayo, the largest in terms of population size is Poblacion with
19,382 persons that are accounted 20.48% of the municipal’s total population. It is followed by Mt.
Diwata with 14,573 persons and Casoon with 5,704 persons. San Isidro is the least populous barangay
with 1,401 persons. It is followed by Inambatan and Rizal with 1,609 persons and 1,770 persons,
respectively.
The most densely populated was Barangay Mt. Diwata, with a population density of 1,797
persons per square kilometer. This figure is more than 13 times higher than the population density of
140 persons per square kilometer at the municipal level. The most sparsely populated was Barangay
Pasian, with 30 persons per square kilometer. Refer to Figure 14.
Table 18
Population by Barangay
No. of Population
Barangay Area Household Density
Male Female Total
Upland Barangays
Awao 8,383.91 1,039 2,449 2,093 4,542 54
Banlag 2,091.15 1,063 2,378 2,093 4,471 214
Baylo 4,766.55 670 1,578 1,468 3,046 64
Casoon 5,125.56 1,376 2,989 2,715 5,704 111
Haguimitan 1,647.48 506 1,141 1,017 2,158 166
Inambatan 970.18 376 900 709 1,609 131
Macopa 1,806.66 580 1,354 1,199 2,553 141
Mamunga 1,074.23 427 951 885 1,836 171
Mt. Diwata 811.08 3,349 7,996 6,577 14,573 1,797
Naboc 1,138.32 711 1,446 1,352 2,798 246
Olaycon 1,555.38 537 1,250 1,126 2,376 153
Pasian 16,379.42 1,148 2,623 2,369 4,992 30
Rizal 3,165.40 425 880 890 1,770 56
Salvacion 3,680.60 862 1,898 1,613 3,511 95
San Isidro 1,759.42 311 757 644 1,401 80
San Jose 2,260.66 634 1,553 1,418 2,971 131
Tubo-tubo 2,494.17 817 1,921 1,703 3,624 145
Upper Ulip 4,853.85 1,047 2,573 2,232 4,805 99
Lowland Barangays
Babag 830.49 695 1,725 1,556 3,281 395
Poblacion 1,527.11 3,897 9,756 9,626 19,382 1,269
Union 1,220.19 838 1,722 1,533 3,255 267
Total 67,541.82 21,308 49,840 44,818 94,658 140
Source: PSA, 2015; RCBMS, 2016
Figure 14. Settlement Map of the Municipality of Monkayo
Monkayo posted a thinly annual population growth rate (PGR) of 0.02 percent. Mamunga was
the fastest growing barangay in the municipality with an average PGR of 4.28 percent during the period
2010 to 2015. It was followed by Olaycon with a PGR of 3.16 percent, Haguimitan (1.63 percent), and
Awao (1.61 percent). At the extreme, it was observed that some barangays posted negative population
growth, this means more deaths and emigration, or the leaving of a barangay, than births and
immigration, or entering of a barangay. Barangays with negative population growth include Mt. Diwata
(-3.93 percent), Inambatan (-3.65 percent), and Naboc (-1.59 percent). See Table 19.
By 2021, Monkayo’s population is projected to increase from its 2015 census count of 94,658
to 106,881. This increase is expected even with the projected slowing down in average annual
population growth rate, from 2.09 percent during 2007-2010 to 0.02 percent during 2010-2015.
Poblacion remains the largest in terms of population size even until 2021 (21,886), followed by the Mt.
Diwata with 16,481. San Isidro will continue to report the smallest population with 1,578 by year 2021.
These population projections were made on the basis of the results of the population census from two
censal years of 2010 and 2015. Moreover, Mt. Diwata will experience a staggering population decline
because of the massive relocation of its settlers in the neighboring barangays conducted by the
government and the transfer of gold processing plants to Mine Processing Zone in Sitio Mebatas,
Upper Ulip.
Table 19
Growth Rate and Population Projection by Barangay
Annual Projected Population
Participation
Barangay Growth
Rate 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Rate
Upland Barangays
Awao 0.05 1.61 4,638 4,731 4,825 4,922 5,020 5,121
Banlag 0.05 0.22 4,577 4,668 4,762 4,857 4,954 5,053
Baylo 0.03 0.97 3,142 3,204 3,269 3,334 3,401 3,469
Casoon 0.06 1.15 5,818 5,934 6,053 6,174 6,298 6,424
Haguimitan 0.02 1.63 1,641 1,674 1,707 1,742 1,776 1,812
Inambatan 0.02 -3.65 2,201 2,245 2,290 2,336 2,383 2,430
Macopa 0.03 1.26 2,604 2,656 2,709 2,763 2,819 2,875
Mamunga 0.02 4.28 1,873 1,910 1,948 1,987 2,027 2,068
Mt. Diwata 0.15 -3.93 14,928 15,226 15,531 15,841 16,158 16,481
Naboc 0.03 -1.59 2,854 2,911 2,969 3,029 3,089 3,151
Olaycon 0.03 3.16 2,431 2,479 2,529 2,579 2,631 2,684
Pasian 0.05 1.18 5,121 5,224 5,328 5,435 5,544 5,654
Rizal 0.02 1.38 1,816 1,852 1,889 1,927 1,965 2,005
Salvacion 0.04 0.40 3,581 3,653 3,726 3,800 3,876 3,954
San Isidro 0.01 0.04 1,429 1,458 1,487 1,516 1,547 1,578
San Jose 0.03 0.75 3,038 3,098 3,160 3,223 3,288 3,354
Tubo-tubo 0.04 1.10 3,707 3,781 3,856 3,934 4,012 4,092
Upper Ulip 0.05 0.59 4,911 5,010 5,110 5,212 5,316 5,422
Lowland Barangays
Babag 0.03 0.35 3,355 3,422 3,490 3,560 3,631 3,704
Poblacion 0.20 1.11 19,823 20,219 20,623 21,036 21,457 21,886
Union 0.03 1.32 3,320 3,386 3,454 3,523 3,594 3,666
Monkayo 0.02 96,806 98,742 100,717 102,731 104,786 106,881
Source: PSA, 2015; MPDO, 2018
Age-Sex Structure
Based on PSA (2015), Monkayo has a very young population comprising to 10,239 children or
11.22% followed by persons aged 10-14 and 15-19 years old comprising to 10.73% and 10.36% of the
population, respectively. Surprisingly, there are 3,820 persons who are 65 years old and above.
In terms of the distribution by sex, there is a predominance of male population in the
municipality, with males comprising 52.65% or 49,840 persons.
In a graphical illustration, Figure 16 showed an expansive population pyramid where the
population have a larger percentage of people in younger age groups. It also means that the
population is growing where old generations are producing larger new generations. Also, eyeball
inspection revealed larger percentage of the population in Monkayo are in their reproductive years or
haven’t even reach reproductive age. As a result, there is much potential for growth.
Figure 16. Age-Sex Pyramid
Labor Force
Of the total population, 61.23% or around 57,963 persons (PSA, 2015) are of working age.
Unemployed labor force was estimated 156 persons or about 0.28% of the economically-active
population. Overall, this puts Monkayo in a favorable situation of reaping the demographic dividend
(where economically active members of the population far outnumber the young and the aged).
Moreover, the total dependency ratio or a measure showing the number of dependents, aged
zero to 14 and over the age of 65, to the total population, aged 15 to 64 is 61.23%. This gives an insight
into the amount of people of nonworking age compared to the number of those of working age. The
child dependency ratio is 34.95% while aged dependency ratio is 3.82%. Refer to Figure 17.
Figure 17. Labor Force
Religious Affiliation
In the RCBMS (2016) result, of the total population Roman Catholic has the biggest number of
members with 70.43%, followed by Iglesia Ni Cristo with 3.28%, Seventh Day Adventist with 1.97%,
Islam with 1.71%, Aglipay with 1.06% and other percentages is spread out to other religious affiliations.
Many of the indigenous peoples still had religious beliefs clinging to the old spiritual practices.
Believers of this sort, however, were drastically reduced during the American colonial times when non-
Catholic Christian faith were introduced in the Philippines, notably Protestants and Baptist affiliations
and the proliferation of Filipino-based religious sects. Today, indigenous peoples in Monkayo are
members of various religious denominations dominated by the Roman Catholicism (39%) and
Protestants (35%). The survey also includes non-differentiated sects that consist of 19%.
Ethnicity and Languages/Dialects
Monkayo is known as the melting pot of the tribes, hence the ancestral domain has been
recognized as belonging to the unified Mandaya, Manobo, Mangguangan and Dibabawon indigenous
communities. Throughout the centuries inter-marriages among the tribes have blurred the ethnicity
for some, but have also reinforced the bonds between the four tribes. Government policies with respect
to land acquisition and other developments have led to migration from indigenous peoples from other
territories, as well as non-IPs. This migration was further exacerbated by the 1980s gold rush in
Diwalwal.
In Table 20, it can be gleaned that 83.51% of the population in the municipality distinguished
themselves with tribal ancestry.
The ethnicity of the indigenous peoples who are occupying the ancestral domain is composed
mainly of the Dibabawons who make up 44% of the indigenous peoples’ population, and followed
closely by the Mandayas with 40%. The Manobos and the Manguangans both have an equal 8% share
of the population.
The five most spoken dialects in the municipality are Cebuano with 32,200 persons utilized the
dialect in daily informal conversations comprising to 33.95% of the total population, followed by
Boholano with 14,315 persons or 15.10%, Mandaya with 13,488 persons or 14.22%, Binisaya/Bisaya
with 9,855 persons or 10.392% and Hiligaynon/Ilonggo with 5,397 or 5.59%.
Table 20
Inventory of Ethnic Groups in Monkayo
Tribe Total Male Female
Aklanon 10 4 6
Antiqueño 2 1 1
Ata 240 106 134
Bagobo 30 14 16
Bilaan 42 27 15
Boholano 7,432 3,859 3,573
Bukidnon 25 12 13
Cebuano 40,086 20,430 19,656
Chavacano 30 11 19
Dabaoeño 6,412 3,312 3,100
Dibabawon 7,975 4,026 3,949
Higaonon 40 23 17
Higaunon 7 3 4
Igorot 3 1 2
Ilocano 797 406 391
Ilongo 3,034 1,614 1,420
Kalagan 139 70 69
Kalayan 3 1 2
Kalibay 8 6 2
Kamayo/Mandaya 9,200 4,729 4,471
Kaulo 4 3 1
Leyteño 384 204 180
Maguindanaon 3 2 1
Mangguwangan 117 71 46
Manobo 294 139 155
Mansaka 680 344 336
Maranao 1,073 541 532
Pampangueño 1 1 0
Sequihornon 7 3 4
Subanon 8 6 2
Surigaonon 273 142 131
Tagakaulo 1 0 1
Tagalog 372 200 172
Tausug 219 108 111
T'boli 1 0 1
Tiruray 1 0 1
Waray 301 167 134
Total 79,254 40,586 38,668
Source: RCBMS, 2016
Indigenous People
The indigenous people’s household distribution within the ancestral domain is shown in Table
21 which is accounted to 5.38% of the municipality’s total population. Barangay Casoon had the
highest number of IP living in the barangay with 804 persons. It followed by Mt. Diwata (602 persons),
Naboc (553 persons) and Haguimitan (479 persons). Barangays of Mamunga and Inambatan of the
Dibabawon and Mangguangan ancestral domain had smallest number of households, with eight (8)
and 14 households, respectively. Moreover, its population is dominated by males which is 54% (2,749
persons) of the total IP population. Also, refer to Figure 18.
Table 21
Indigenous People (IP) Population and Households
IP Population No. of
Barangay
Male Female Total Households
Upland Barangays
Awao 112 95 207 205
Banlag 72 61 133 38
Baylo 77 65 142 36
Casoon 434 370 804 252
Haguimitan 259 220 479 101
Inambatan 28 23 51 14
Macopa 42 35 77 23
Mamunga 15 13 28 8
Mt. Diwata 325 277 602 118
Naboc 299 254 553 136
Olaycon 39 34 73 18
Pasian 116 98 214 71
Rizal 140 119 259 57
Salvacion 162 138 300 82
San Isidro 21 17 38 18
San Jose 230 196 426 111
Tubo-tubo 86 74 160 39
Upper Ulip 294 250 544 139
Total 2,749 2,341 5,290 1,466
Source: ADSDPP, 2015
Figure 18. Indigenous People Settlement Map
5.1.3 Major Livelihood Sources, Social and Infrastructure Services
Majority of the livelihood activities within the upland barangays are engaged in farming, animal
raising, small-scale mining and wood extraction (see Table 22). Majority of the households within the
FFLs involve in food production such as rice, corn, vegetable and high-value commercial crops farming
which constitutes to 36.13% (5,645 households) of the total HHs in the FFLs. Twenty percent of the
HHs also involved in agro-forestry where woody perennials (e.g. fruit trees, shrubs, bamboos) are
deliberately used on the same land-management units as agricultural crops and/or animals. There are
2,618 households (16.79%) engaged in mining activities specifically in Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip and
Pasian. A total of 1,037 households (6.64%) engaged in fuel/wood extraction and 1,856 households
(11.88%) ventured into animal husbandry.
However, it is still evident that the farmers and dwellers used the forests and forestlands
unsustainably resulting to rapid deforestation and deterioration of forest cover. Activities include slash
and burn, application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and monoculture. Uncontrolled and illegal
mining activities are also posed detrimental impact in the local environment.
Table 22
Livelihood Activities and Number of Households Involved
No. of Practices Used
Barangays Type of Livelihood Activities Households (Especially those considered
Involved harmful to environment)
 upland farming (corn, vegetables, 57  slash and burn (kaingin)
coconut, lakatan, cardava, oil palm)  application of synthetic
 lowland farming (rice, banana-lakatan) 263 pesticides/fertilizers
Awao  agro-forestry (falcata, rubber, cacao, 358  monoculture
fruit trees, abaca)  sloping upland farming
 animal raising (chicken, goat, swine) 162  improper animal waste
disposal
 upland farming (coconut, upland rice, 383  slash and burn (kaingin)
corn, banana-lakatan, cardava,  application of synthetic
latundan, oil palm) pesticides/fertilizers
 agro-forestry (falcata, fruit trees, 302  monoculture
Banlag rubber, cacao, coffee, bamboo)  sloping upland farming
 lowland farming (corn, vegetables, 114  improper animal waste
peanut) disposal
 animal raising (swine, goat, native 127
chicken)
 farming (corn, coconut, oil palm, 272  slash and burn (kaingin)
rubber, banana)  application of synthetic
 agro-forestry (falcata, rubber, bamboo, 148 pesticides/fertilizers
Baylo fruit trees, cacao, coffee)  monoculture
 animal raising (swine, goat, chicken) 171  sloping upland farming
 inland fishing (tilapia, hito, carp) 16  improper animal waste
disposal
 upland farming (corn, upland rice, 794  slash and burn (kaingin)
cassava, coconut, banana-lakatan,  application of synthetic
latundan, cardava, oil palm, root crops, pesticides/fertilizers
vegetables)  monoculture
 agro-forestry (rubber, cacao, coffee, 496  sloping upland farming
Casoon
bamboo, falcata)  improper animal waste
 wildlife hunting 43 disposal
 inland fishery 8
 animal raising (goat, chicken, swine) 241
 timber, fuel wood extraction 340
 farming (rice, corn, vegetables, banana, 140  slash and burn (kaingin)
coconut, oil palm)  application of synthetic
 agro-forestry (cacao, bamboo, falcata, 78 pesticides/fertilizers
rubber)  monoculture
Haguimitan
 rattan extraction 20  sloping upland farming
 timber/fuel wood extraction 20  improper animal waste
 animal raising (cattle, chicken, swine) 145 disposal
 rubber processing 143
 farming (rice, corn, banana, fruit trees, 167  slash and burn (kaingin)
coconut)  application of synthetic
 agro-forestry (cacao, coffee) 83 pesticides/fertilizers
 Cavendish banana plantation 108  aerial spraying
Inambatan
 animal raising (swine, chicken) 46  monoculture
 sloping upland farming
 improper animal waste
disposal
 farming (corn, cassava, coconut, oil 456  application of synthetic
Macopa palm, rubber) pesticides/fertilizers
 Cavendish banana plantation 138  aerial spraying
 farming (corn, banana-cardava, 200  application of synthetic
cassava) pesticides/fertilizers
Mamunga
 cavendish banana plantation 98  aerial spraying
 swine raising 47
 mining 2,398  unregulated small scale
 farming (rice, corn) 11 mining
Mt. Diwata
 hydraulic mining
 exploration activities
 lowland farming (rice) 521  slash and burn (kaingin)
 upland farming (oil palm, coconut, fruit 132  application of synthetic
trees, banana) pesticides/fertilizers
Naboc
 agro-forestry (rubber, falcata) 154  aerial spraying
 inland fishing  improper animal waste
disposal
 lowland farming (rice, vegetables, 412  slash and burn (kaingin)
peanut, rootcrops)  application of synthetic
 upland farming (coconut, banana, oil 33 pesticides/fertilizers
palm)  monoculture
 agro-forestry (cacao, fruit trees, 154  sloping upland farming
Olaycon
rubber)  improper disposal of
 inland fishing 15 chemicals from mining
 mineral processing 2 processes
 animal raising (chicken, swine, goat) 176  improper animal waste
disposal
 upland farming (corn, abaca, banana) 273  slash and burn (kaingin)
 agro-forestry (rubber, cacao, coffee, 321  application of synthetic
falcata) pesticides/fertilizers
 mining/mineral processing 67  monoculture
 timber/fuel wood extraction 383  sloping upland farming
Pasian
 rattan extraction 19  improper animal waste
 animal raising (swine, native chicken) 335 disposal
 inland fishing 47  improper disposal of
chemicals from mining
processes
 upland farming (corn, banana, 223  timber poaching
coconut)  slash and burn (kaingin)
Rizal  agro-forestry (fruit trees, rubber, cacao, 201  application of synthetic
bamboo, coffee) pesticides/fertilizers
 timber extraction 48
 lowland farming (rice, vegetables) 277  timber poaching
 upland farming (coconut, oil palm, 215  slash and burn (kaingin)
corn)  application of synthetic
Salvacion
 agro-forestry (cacao, banana) 189 pesticides/fertilizers
 timber/fuel wood extraction 81  monoculture
 animal raising (chicken, swine, goat) 76
 upland farming (coconut, corn, oil 119  timber poaching
palm, banana-latundan, cardava)  slash and burn (kaingin)
San Isidro  agro-forestry (rubber, cacao, fruit trees, 120  application of synthetic
falcata) pesticides/fertilizers
 animal raising (chicken, goat, swine) 90  monoculture
 upland farming (coconut, oil palm, 316  slash and burn (kaingin)
San Jose corn, abaca, cassava, banana-lakatan,  application of synthetic
latundan, cardava) pesticides/fertilizers
 lowland farming (vegetables) 56  aerial spraying
 agro-forestry (rubber, cacao, falcata) 110  monoculture
 animal raising (swine, chicken, goat, 120  sloping upland farming
cattle)  improper animal waste
 timber/fuel wood extraction 85 disposal
 lowland farming (rice, vegetables) 285  application of synthetic
 agro-forestry (rubber, cacao) 235 pesticides/fertilizers
Tubo-tubo
 upland farming (oil palm, falcata, 150  sloping upland farming
coconut)
 mining 156  slash and burn (kaingin)
 upland farming (coconut, banana- 218  application of synthetic
lakatan, latundan, cardava, fruit trees) pesticides/fertilizers
 agro-forestry (falcata, rubber) 360  timber poaching
 inland fishing 55  sloping upland farming
Upper Ulip
 animal raising (swine, goat, chicken, 120  improper animal waste
cattle) disposal
 timber/fuel wood extraction 80  improper disposal of
chemicals from mining
processes
Source: MAGRO, 2017; CWG during Community Mapping & Consultation January 2017
A total of 63,964.02 hectares of the total land area of the municipality are located in the upland
ecosystem. There are 30,607.53 hectares are located within the A&D while 36,934.29 hectares are
within the forestland. Of the cultivated areas within the forestland, Barangay Pasian has the highest
land area with 16,379.42 hectares and the portion of it is devoted for corn, abaca, banana, rubber,
cacao, and coffee while Barangay Mt. Diwata has the lowest area and portion of it is cultivated to rice
and corn. (Refer to Table 23).
However, practices that are harmful to the environment such as slash and burn, indiscriminate
usage of synthetic fertilizers, excessive and continuous herbicide application, over tillage and
monocropping practices are still apparent. Anent to this, the TWG recommends halting further
destruction or degradation of remaining primary forests; improving the allocation and management
of forestlands for different purposes – conservation, production, community-based forestry;
intensifying wood production through expansion of plantation forestry on reforestation, contour
farming, minimum tillage practices and diversified farming are the recommended interventions
degraded and vacant lands and improved productivity in secondary forests; reducing pressure on
forest land for agriculture through improved productivity in farming; and, providing more extensive
support to community based agro-forestry in order to reduce the pressure on primary forests for
supplying subsistence products.
During the consultation, some stakeholders suggested that this can be done simply through
reforestation, Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) or contour farming, minimum tillage
practices, organic agriculture, and diversified farming.
Table 23
Crop Production by Barangay
Agricultural Areas (ha) Agricultural
Barangays Crops Planted Practices Remarks
A&D Forestland Total (especially those harmful
to environment)
Upland Barangays
rice, corn, coconut, slash and burn, reforestation,
banana (lakatan, application of synthetic SALT/contour
Awao 3,923.62 4,460.29 8,383.91 latundan, cardava), pesticides/ fertilizers/ farming,
rubber, cacao, fruit herbicides, use of minimum
trees, abaca, oil palm glyphosate ready tillage practices,
coconut, upland rice, herbicides monoculture, organic
corn, banana, oil sloping upland farming, agriculture, and
palm, fruit trees, use of genetically- diversified
Banlag 771.63 1,319.53 2,091.15 cacao, coffee, modified organisms, farming
bamboo, corn, over tillage, subsistence
vegetables, peanut, use of forest halt the
falcata destruction of the
remaining forests,
corn, coconut, oil
improve the
palm, rubber,
Baylo 1,883.78 2,882.76 4,766.55 bamboo, fruit trees,
allocation of FFLs,
expand
cacao, coffee
plantation
corn, upland rice, forestry, adopt
cassava, coconut, new technology
banana, oil palm, to improved farm
Casoon 998.74 4,126.82 5,125.56 rootcrops, productivity, and,
vegetables, rubber, agro-forestry
cacao, bamboo,
falcata tenure
rice, corn, vegetables, arrangements,
banana, coconut, oil participation of
Haguimitan 1,516.44 131.047 1,647.48 palm, cacao, rubber, marginalized
falcata groups including
rice, corn, banana, women and IPs in
Inambatan 815.19 154.99 970.18 fruit trees, coconut, decision-making,
coffee, cacao technical and
marketing
corn, cassava,
support,
coconut, oil palm,
Macopa 930.52 876.14 1,806.66 rubber, Cavendish
community-
based
banana
monitoring, and
corn, banana, good governance
Mamunga 942.46 131.77 1,074.23 cassava, Cavendish
banana research on ways
Mt. Diwata - 811.08 811.08 rice, corn in which rural
people currently
rice, oil palm,
use forest and
Naboc 726.34 411.98 1,138.32 coconut, fruit trees,
farm trees, and to
banana, rubber
what extent they
rice, vegetables, root are dependent on
crops, coconut, them for their
Olaycon 1,153.46 401.92 1,555.38 banana, oil palm, food security;
cacao, fruit trees, techniques for
rubber arresting land
corn, abaca, banana, degradation and
rubber, cacao, coffee, preventing soil
Pasian 6,738.46 9,595.96 16,379.42 falcata damage using
trees or
corn, banana, agroforestry
coconut, fruit trees, methods;
Rizal 729.38 2,436.02 3,165.40 rubber, cacao, methods of
bamboo, coffee sustainable
rice, vegetables, agricultural
production; the
Salvacion 1,284.79 474.63 1,759.42 coconut, oil palm,
ecology of
corn, cacao, banana
different plant
coconut, corn, oil
San Isidro 1,284.79 474.63 1,759.42 palm, banana,
and animal
rubber, cacao, fruit species, and
trees, falcata techniques for
coconut, oil palm, their sustainable
corn, abaca, cassava, production; the
San Jose 1,008.53 1,252.13 2,260.66 banana, rubber, identification,
cacao, falcata, conservation and
vegetable management of
under-exploited
rice, vegetables,
species; the effect
rubber, cacao, oil
Tubo-tubo 1,412.89 1,081.27 2,494.17 of forest and
palm, falcate,
trees on
coconut
groundwater and
coconut, banana, rainfall availability
rubber, falcata, fruit for agriculture;
trees and
Upper Ulip 870.99 3,982.86 4,853.85 the sustainable
management of
forests for multi-
purpose uses
Sub-Total 27,029.74 36,934.29 63,964.02
Lowland Barangays
Cavendish banana, slash and burn, reforestation,
Babag 830.49 - 830.49
rubber, corn, rice application of synthetic SALT/contour
corn, rice, coconut, pesticides/ fertilizers/ farming,
Poblacion 1,527.11 - 1,527.11 herbicides, aerial minimum
banana, vegetable
spraying, use of tillage practices,
rice, Cavendish
glyphosate ready organic
banana, corn, oil
herbicides monoculture, agriculture, and
palm
Union 1,220.19 - 1,220.19 sloping upland farming, diversified
use of genetically- farming
modified organisms and
over tillage
Sub-Total 3,577.79 3,181.79
TOTAL 30,607.53 36,934.29 67,541.82
Source: MAGRO, 2017; MPDO Primary Data-CWG during Community Mapping & Consultation, 2017
Moreover, the TWG proposed several steps in improving the crop productivity while protecting
the FFLs as the stakeholders become agitated of the current forest situation. These include: a thorough
review of land and resource tenure arrangements to make more conducive to conservation; the
process of decision-making within the municipality about the use of its FFLs be opened up to
widespread participation by affected groups such as women and indigenous peoples; specific
opportunities and arrangements be created for achieving gender equality in decision-making,
management, entitlements, access to credit, technical assistance and marketing supports; mechanisms
that involve communities in monitoring what goes on in their community; and, LGU-Monkayo and
DENR governance structures that encourage transparency and redress corrupt practices.
A total of 1,018 infrastructure facilities are situated in the municipality where 221 infrastructure
facilities are located within the forestland. In the forestland, there are 11 protective services facilities,
68 purok centers, 22 education facilities and 12 water related facilities that includes dams, reservoir,
and intake boxes. Refer to Table 24 and Figure 18.
Table 24
Infrastructure Facilities
No. of Facilities
Infrastructure
Barangay Hall 20 1 21
Purok Center 209 68 277
Health Facilities 21 1 22
Education Facilities 41 22 63
Social Welfare Facilities 60 16 76
Protective Services Facilities 9 11 20
Recreation and Sports Facilities 105 13 118
Water Related Facilities 75 12 87
Terminal 12 3 15
Information Communication Technology 5 3 8
Churches 195 57 252
Bridges 45 14 59
TOTAL 797 221 1,018
Source: MPDO, 2018
Figure 18. Infrastructure Map
5.1.3 Institutional Profile
For several years, the FFL assets of the municipality is managed by DENR-CENRO in partnership
with the Provincial Government thru PENRO. To complement national and provincial human resources
and to intensify the management of the LGU-Monkayo’s FFLs, the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office (MENRO) and the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (SG-24) was
created to ensure the implementation and strict enforcement of the provisions of RA 9003 and other
environmental protection and management statutes in the municipality through Municipal Ordinance
no. 2017-21 (Annex F). However, the understaffed and absence of a permanent positions in newly
created office is a major setback in the management system and implementation of environmental
programs.
Besides, as of March 2018, the municipal government has 987 employees, staff and volunteers,
broken into 13 elected (1.32%), 149 permanent (15.10%), 65 -casuals (6.59%), 13 contract of services
(1.32%), 373 job orders (37.79%), 263 Barangay Health Workers (26.65%), 26 Barangay Nutrition
Scholars (2.63%), 61 Child Development Workers (6.18%), 20 Agricultural Technicians (2.03%) and four
(4) coterminous employee (0.41%). This translates to roughly one employee per 96 persons of the
population, whom can be tapped during environmental awareness and activities.
Also, to oversee the natural hazards faced in the FFL ecosystem, the Municipal Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO) was created to take in the challenge of enhancing the
resilience of the municipality and by strengthening institutional coping capacities and adaptive
capacities of LGU-Monkayo through Municipal Ordinance no. 2015-11.
Additionally, there are 21 active barangay governments and functioning barangay
development councils that also active in prioritizing environmental protection on individual,
organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans.
Together with the community members and leaders, people’s organizations, non-government
organizations and DENR have a major role in the sustainable management, conservation and
protection of the municipal forest and forest resources. The unprecendented unsustainable
development on the Monkayo’s FFLs is an eye opener that obliged the local government to get
involved in their environmental responsibility that touches the FFL to some extent. The regular
monitoring activities are also a venue for the LGU, DENR, CSOs and the private sector to formulate
initiatives that leads to a better environment. Finally, the DENR, as the lead steward of the environment,
is unswerving partner of LGU-Monkayo in FFL management. An example of collaboration is the
National Greening Program (NGP), agroforestry, waste management and riverbank rehabilitation.
These require a lot of open mindedness, coordination and a collaborative mindset with other
stakeholders, which some exemplary local authorities (barangay, municipal, provincial and national)
fortunately do have and have tremendously benefited inhabitants. It is encouraged that
linking/networking with non-government organizations (NGOs), peoples’ organizations (POs), civil
society groups, and private sectors are sought to collaborate in driving social change particularly in
the protection and preservation of municipal forests and forestlands. This collaboration is an excellent
opportunity to reflect on the future of Monkayo’s FFL as well as the promotion and institutionalization
of the plan for a more efficient municipal governance on its resources that is focused on supporting
the strengthening of local authorities as key actors of development.
5.2 Conditions of Forest and Forestland Assets
5.2.1 Forestlands
The current total area of forestland is 36,934.29 hectares or 54.68% of the total land area of the
municipality. The forestland of the municipality was decreased by 18.99% after the ongoing boundary
conflicts that constitutes to a total of 15,829.09 hectares that constitutes 12,707.71 hectares are with
conflict with Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur; 1,656.48 hectares with Municipality of Laak and 1,464.91
hectares with Municipality of Montevista, both from the Province of Compostela Valley.
As clearly defined, secure and enforceable property rights are a fundamental requirement for
encouraging sustainable use of forests. Studies shows a positive relationship between secure tenure
and tree planting on farmland. With this, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) issued different tenurial instruments for 6,144.89 hectares as shown in Table 25 specifically to
Awao Forestland Management Beneficiaries Association (AFLAMABA), Casoon Tree Farmers
Association (CATFA), SACCK Tree Farmers Association, San Isidro Farmers Association and Camansa
Community Forestland Farmers Association, Inc. This indicates that there is no more open access in
the forestland of Monkayo as all areas are tenured under various stakeholders. Refer to Figure 19.
Table 25
Tenurial Instruments
Tenure Area
Tenure Holders Instruments Location (in Date Issued
Issued Hectares)
Awao Forestland
Management Beneficiaries RXI-3B-99-61251 Awao 512.82 June 21, 1995
Association (AFLAMABA)
Casoon Tree Farmers
CBFM/FLMA/CADT Casoon 576.08
Association (CATFA)
Banlag, San Jose,
Brgy. Tribal Council of Salvacion, Naboc,
CADT/CBFM 1,524.40
Elders/Leaders (BTCEL) San Isidro, Tubo-
tubo, Upper Ulip
SACCK Tree Farmers
CBFM Awao 2,828.00
Association
SACCK Tree Farmers
CBFM Casoon 267.00
Association
San Isidro Farmers
CBFM San Isidro 41.00
Association
Camansa Community
Forestland Farmers CBFM Casoon 69.00
Association, Inc.
Source: CENRO – Monkayo, 2015
Figure 19. Tenure Map
Other issuance of legal right is the issuance of Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) by
the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) by virtue of Republic Act No. 8371 which refers
to a title formally recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of indigenous peoples over their
ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with this law. Monkayo CADT has a total
land area of 27,901.13 hectares which is 41.31% of the total area of the municipality. However, the
CADT areas had expanded to 34,433.60 hectares because of the boundary conflicts and overlapping
CADTs with the adjacent municipalities in Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental such as Montevista
CADT, Laak CADT, New Bataan CADT and Boston CADT. Refer to Table 26 and Figure 19.
Table 26
CADT Area
Barangay Area
Name of IPO Title CADT No. Date Approved
Covered Occupied
Dibabawon R11-LAA-1005-035 October 22, 2005 607.46
Mandaya, Manobo, R11-CADT-MON-
CADT Awao
Mangguangan and 0703-007 July 22, 2003
4,844.86
Dibabawon
Mangguangan and CADT 0703-007 Banlag July 22, 2003
1,228.27
Dibabawon
Mandaya R11-BOS-0403-0006 April 3, 2003 109.6
CADT Baylo
Mangguangan and 0703-007 July 22, 2003 2353.86
Dibabawon
Dibabawon R11-LAA-1005-035 October 22,2005 1566.51
Dibabawon and R11-MON-0309-103
March 20, 2009 801.51
Mangguangan
CADT Casoon
Dibabawon
Mangguangan and CADT 0703-007 Haguimitan July 22, 2003 484.69
Dibabawon
CADT Inambatan March 20, 2009 176.44
Mangguangan
CADT Macopa March 20, 2009 759.25
Mangguangan
CADT Mamunga March 20, 2009 131.02
Mangguangan
Mandaya Mansaka R11-NEW-0204-019
February 17, 2004 6.02
CADT (amd) Mt. Diwata
Dibabawon
February 17, 2004 178.5
(amd)
Mandaya, Manobo, CADT R11-CADT-MON- Naboc
Dibabawon
CADT Olaycon March 20, 2009 424.53
Mangguangan
Mangguangan and CADT 0703-007 Pasian July 22, 2003 4626.72
Dibabawon
Mandaya, Manobo, CADT R11-CADT-MON- Rizal
Dibabawon
CADT Salvacion
Dibabawon
Dibabawon & R11-MON-0309-103
March 20, 2009 945.76
Mangguangan
Mandaya, Manobo, CADT R11-CADT-MON- San Isidro
Dibabawon
Mangguangan and CADT 0703-007 San Jose July 22, 2003 1580.48
Dibabawon
February 17, 2004 187.4
(amd)
Mandaya, Manobo, CADT R11-CADT-MON- Tubo-tubo
Mangguangan and 0703-007 July 22, 2003 821
Dibabawon
Mandaya, Mansaka R11-NEW-0204-019
February 17, 2004 516.38
CADT (amd) Upper Ulip
Dibabawon
Source: NCIP, 2017
Figure 20. CADT Area
Based on barangay ordinances and executive orders collected, there are 482.76 hectares or
1.16% of the total forestlands identified and declared as protected watershed areas with a total area
of 85.78 hectares. This will be increased as the Provincial Government of Compostela Valley issued
Provincial Ordinance 46-2017, “mandating the establishment of a municipal man-made pocket forest
in the eleven municipalities of the province.” (See Table 27 and Figure 20).
The declaration of these protected areas are in consonance with the Environment Code of the
Municipality (Municipal Ordinance No. 2015-04) as watersheds play a vital role in the supply of surface
and groundwaters. It is with this measure that the LGU needed to promote the principles of
ecologically sustainable development and protection of the environment and took the responsibility
on the water supply and watershed management as it is a local concern. And as stipulated in the LGC,
watershed management functions is devolved to local officials.
Table 27
Declared Protected Watershed Area
Area
Location Reference
(in Hectares)
Barangay Ordinance No. 03,
P-13 and P-15, Awao 10.00
Series of 2015 (Annex G)
P-Narra, Banlag 1.00
Series of 2015 (Annex H)
P-5, Baylo 5.00
Series of 2014 (Annex I)
P-5, P-6. P-7, P-9, P-11, P-12, P-
13, P-14, P-15, P-16, P-17, P-18 13.00
Series of 2015 (Annex J)
and P-20, Casoon
P-3 and P-4, Inambatan 1.50
Series of 2019 (Annex K)
P-1, Haguimitan 1.00
Series of 2019 (Annex L)
P5 and P-8, Naboc 2.00
Series of 2019 (Annex M)
P-2 and P-4, Olaycon 20.00
Series of 2011 (Annex N)
P-10, and P-11, Pasian 200.00
Series of 2010 (Annex O)
Barangay Ordinance No. 02, Series of
4.00
2015 (Annex P)
P-1A and P-6, Rizal
Watershed Management Program –
64.26
Memorandum of Agreement
Barangay Ordinance No. 01-2015
P-6, Salvacion 50.00 (Annex Q)
P-3 and P-7, Salvacion 10.00 Barangay Ordinance No. 01-2015
(Annex R)
P-1, P-2, and P-3, San Isidro 10.00
Series of 2011 (Annex S)
P-7, P-9, P-11, and P-13, San Barangay Ordinance No. 01,
30.00
Jose Series of 2014 (Annex T)
P-9, Tubo-tubo 6.00
Series of 2014 (Annex U)
P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7, P-10 and P- Barangay Resolution No. 47,
55.00
12, Upper Ulip Series of 2014 (Annex V)
Source: BLGUs, 2019
Figure 21. Declared Protected Watershed Area Map
Despite these allocations, tenurial instruments and declarations, there remain 6,539.98 hectares
unallocated or “open-access” areas that are subject to exploitation and destruction, that is 10.81% of
the total land area of the municipality. As revealed in Table 28, barangays Pasian, Baylo, and Salvacion
have the largest open access of all the barangays in Monkayo with 5,036.05 hectares, 456.56 hectares,
and 339.12 hectares, respectively. With this open-access condition it is imperative that these areas be
placed under effective management, otherwise the services of these forests may deteriorate rapidly
under a no management scenario.
For specific open access areas, the FLUP-TWG recommends co-management between LGU-
Monkayo and DENR. The 6,539.98 hectares open access areas in the municipality shall be established
as protected areas through a co-management agreement with the municipal and barangay
government units and in collaboration with IP and non-IP communities. Portion of these non-
contiguous open access areas shall be part of the on-site management scheme through an individual
property rights arrangements. It is recommended that the unallocated area that is within protection
forest be set aside in reforestation, enhancement planting or assisted natural regeneration (ANR).
Indigenous planting species like dipterocarp and other premium species are recommended for
planting in protection zone particularly within protected area. Other land use likes nature tourism,
biodiversity conservation area, recreational and research activities are also applicable in combination
with other land use with lowimpact to the environment. In unallocated forestland that is within
production forest, establishment of communal forest is highly recommended. This is to ensure supply
of wood resources intended for domestic and commercial uses. Refer to Figure 22.
Table 28
Open Access Areas
Area Percent to
Barangay
(in hectares) Total
Banlag 229.52 3.51
Baylo 456.58 6.98
Olaycon 193.43 2.96
Pasian 5,036.05 77.00
Rizal 138.67 2.12
Salvacion 339.12 5.19
San Isidro 146.63 2.24
Total 6,539.98
Figure 22. Open Access Areas Map
5.2.2 Natural Forest
As of 2015, the closed canopy forest covers 388.11 hectares while open canopy forest covers
12,537.34 hectares which is 1.05 per cent and 33.94 per cent of the total forestland area of the
municipality, respectively. A substantial decrease of 66.12 per cent in closed canopy forest based on
the vegetative cover of these subwatersheds from 1,145.50 hectares in 2003 to 388.11 hectares in 2015
provided by the DENR XI as exhibited in Table 29. This significant change was triggered by the
encroachment of upland dwellers and farmers that utilized the timberland for agricultural purposes
using “kaingin” practices. The dramatic decline of closed canopy forest was also caused by the
proliferation of timber poaching, fuel wood extraction and charcoal making and illegal mining activities
in the area. However, it was also brought by the occurrences of natural calamities such as landslide
and tropical cyclone.
Similarly, there is a 44.34 per cent decrease in open canopy forest based on the vegetative
cover from 22,525.57 hectares in 2010 to 12,537.34 hectares in 2015. This significant change was
exacerbated by the efforts of the government in creating new communities by building infrastructure
projects (i.e. road construction) and resettlement sites. Also, the mass destruction of trees (i.e.
deforestation) continues, sacrificing the long-term benefits of standing trees for short-term gain in the
municipality. Trees are cut down to make way for new agricultural crops such as oil palm, coconut,
cacao, rubber and coffee. Also, it has been observed that illegal loggers also build roads to access
more and more remote forests which leads to further deforestation. Forests are also cut as a result of
growing housing sprawl as land is developed for homes. Also, refer to Table 29.
In summary, Turner and Meyer (1991) proposed that the possible forces driving land-use and
land-cover changes can be grouped into six categories: population; level of affluence; technology;
political economy; political structure; and attitudes and values.
Table 29
Vegetative Cover Change (Closed and Open Canopy Forest)
Forest and Forestland Assets
Name of
Closed Canopy Forest Open Canopy Forest
Subwatershed
2003 2015 (loss)/gain 2003 2015 (loss)/gain
Logom-Baobo - - 0.00 8.01 - (0.00)
Upper Agusan 534.17 352.16 (182.01) 9,974.65 6,166.45 (3,808.20)
Saug River - - 0.00 - - 0.00
Simulao 611.33 35.95 (575.38) 12,542.91 6,370.89 (6,172.02)
Total 1,145.50 388.11 (757.39) 22,525.57 12,537.34 (9,988.23)
Source: DENR RO-XI, MPDO, 2015
5.2.3 Plantations
Forestry projects such as National Greening Program (NGP), CBFM-CARP and Barangay Forest
Program covers 2,849.34 hectares wherein 86.40 per cent or 2,461.75 hectares is within Upper Agusan
subwatershed, 344.92 hectares (12.11%) within Saug River subwatershed, and 42.67 per cent (1.50%)
within Saug River subwatershed. No forestry projects have been implemented in Simulao
subwatershed, however, there are agro-forestry projects implemented by the Municipal Agriculture
Office such as High Value Commercial Crops Development Program on all subwatersheds inclusing
planting of rubber, cacao, oil palm, etc. Refer to Table 30 and Figure 23.
Table 30
Forestry Projects by Watershed
Name of Area (in Hectares)
Total %
Subwatershed 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Logom-Baobo - - - 42.67 - - - 42.67 1.50
Upper Agusan 10.49 987.90 310.63 409.44 424.08 219.79 99.42 2,461.75 86.40
Saug River - 93.97 60.97 42.67 145.84 - 2.07 344.92 12.11
Simulao - - - - - - - - -
Total 10.49 1,081.27 371.60 494.78 569.92 219.79 101.49 2,849.34 100.00
Source: CENRO – Monkayo, 2016
Figure 23. Forestry Projects Map
5.2.4 Grasslands and Shrubs
As gleaned in Table 31, there are 1,353.41 hectares of wooden grasslands 7,903.42 hectares of
shrubs and 20.72 hectares of barren land have been accounted for the four subwatersheds in the
municipality. A 29.07% decrease or 554.66 hectares of wooded grassland while 45.49% decrease or
6,596.59 hectares of shrubs were observed between 2010 and 2015. This significant alteration on
vegetative cover was predominantly due to most human activities including agriculture, industry,
forestry, settlement, recreation, and water catchment and mining. Thus, human activities that make
use of the land are considered to be the proximate sources of change. Such actions arise as a
consequence of a very wide range of social objectives, including the need for food, fiber, living space,
and recreation.
In barren land, 78.13 per cent increase was observed from 11.75 hectares in 2003 to 20.93
hectares in 2015. Degradation of soil surface, directly or indirectly, is a result of human/anthropogenic
activities. These activities lessen the quality and/or productivity of the land as an ideal place for
agriculture and forestation.
Table 31
Vegetative Cover Change (Grasslands and Shrubs)
Vegetative Cover change per Forest and Forest Land Assets
Subwatershed (in hectares) Wooded Grassland Shrubs Barren Land
Logom-Baobo subwatershed
2003 210.55 426.03 0.00
2015 30.72 214.61 9.78
(loss)/gain (179.83) (211.42) 9.78
Upper-Agusan Subwatershed
2003 1,631.86 19,643.26 0.00
2015 458.77 4,974.61 0.00
(loss)/gain (1,173.09) (14,668.65) 0.00
Saug subwatershed
2003 17.88 8,120.44 0.00
2015 2.14 55.98 0.00
(loss)/gain (15.74) (8,064.51) 0.00
Simulao subwatershed
2003 47.78 3,989.24 11.75
2015 861.78 2,658.22 11.15
(loss)/gain 814.00 (1,331.02) (0.60)
Source: DENR RO XI, MPDO, 2015
5.2.5 Cultivated Lands

The total cultivated land covers 38,279.51 hectares or 56.67 per cent of the total land area of
the municipality in 2015, a 41.32 per cent decrease as compared to the total cultivated lands in 2003
which is 65,238.15 hectares as shown in Table 32.
These comprise 32,605.34 hectares (85.18%) planted with perennial crops such as coconut,
cacao, rubber, falcata, oil palm and fruit trees wherein 14,313.49 hectares are located within the
forestland. Meanwhile, there are 5,674.17 hectares (14.82%) hectares planted with annual crops such
as rice, corn, banana (i.e. lakatan, latundan, cardava and Cavendish), cassava, potato, other rootcrops,
legumes and vegetables wherein 67.48 hectares are within the forestland.
A staggering loss of land area cultivated with annual crops were observed for both forestland
(99.38%) and A&D (81.71%). However, there is a significant increase of land area (238.19%) cultivated
with perennial crops in forestland and slight decrease (6.37%) in A&D. The scenarios were attributed
with population growth in the municipality where it is positively correlated with the expansion of
agricultural land, land intensification, and deforestation based on comparative assessments of
population and land use.
Table 32
Vegetative Cover Change (Cultivated Lands)
Forest and Forest Land Assets
Vegetative Cover change per
Annual Crop Perennial Crop
Subwatershed (in hectares)
Forestlands A&D Lands Forestlands A&D Lands
Logom-Baobo subwatershed
2003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2015 0.00 0.00 382.30 0.00
(loss)/gain 0.00 0.00 382.30 0.00
Upper-Agusan Subwatershed
2003 10,750.44 29,832.04 3,201.42 18,504.95
2015 67.48 5,584.91 10,343.58 15,690.79
(loss)/gain (10,682.96) (24,247.13) 7,142.16 (2,814.16)
Saug subwatershed
2003 0.00 310.07 0.00 0.00
2015 0.00 0.00 2,949.83 1,976.44
(loss)/gain 0.00 (310.07) 2,949.83 1,976.44
Simulao subwatershed
2003 64.18 513.63 1,030.90 1,030.52
2015 0.00 21.78 637.78 624.62
(loss)/gain (64.18) (491.85) (393.12) (405.90)
Source: DENR RO XI, MPDO, 2015
5.2.6 Water Bodies and Water Production Areas
Monkayo is endowed with abundant bodies of water. As manifested by four subwatersheds,

the municipality has a total of 211 tributaries, rivers and creeks with its significant uses as source for
irrigation and potable water, fishing ground, bathing and laundry use, and others are considered
potential for tourism and hydropower development as exhibited in Table 33. While the municipality
possesses abundant water resources, it should be noted that the variability of the water demand does
not match the relative availability of water at particular time.
Further, the river systems in Baylo, Salvacion, San Jose, Banlag, Inambatan, Pasian and Naboc
were identified potable surface water source where water related infrastructures (e.g. reservoirs, intake
boxes, and small water impounding system) were built. Refer to Figure 22.
Table 33
Rivers and its Uses
Barangay Rivers and Creeks Uses
Agusan River contaminated with mining effluents
Angas Creek irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Awao River irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Manlangon Creek potential for eco-tourism
Manakong Creek irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagliyang Creek (Big) bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Awao Tagliyang Creek (Small) bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bagsawan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
bathing, laundry and other domestic use, potential for
Panggipison Creek
eco-tourism
Mato Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Paanakan Creek
eco-tourism
used for Banana plantation irrigation, bathing, laundry and
Babag Aunan Creek
other domestic use
Naboc River contaminated with mining effluents, irrigation water
Banlag Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Dao Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Manat River contaminated with mining effluents
Banlag Tabuan Creek(Big) bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tabuan Creek(Small) bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagbulukawe Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tina Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Totoy Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use,
Buay River
potable water source
Gabanan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagdalikan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Baylo bathing, laundry and other domestic use, potential for
Wawag Creek
eco-tourism
Buay Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Guinabonan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mayao Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Libuton Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Awao River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Casoon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Anigpi Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Saug River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Manakong Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Casoon
Anagase Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Kalinogan Creek
eco-tourism
Kambaobo Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Dungga Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Sapdan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagbayanban Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagbabae Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Libas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Maybonglas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Haguimitan Tigbawan Creek (Big) bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tigbawan Creek (Small) bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tasog Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Taganibong Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tag-usab Creek
eco-tourism
Inambatan
Manlokdok Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Magas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Pinamongahan Creek
eco-tourism
Macopa Garaygay Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
New Masbate Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Macopa Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bliss Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mamunga Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Manlokdok Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Baroboon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mapungkok Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Panikupunon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mamunga
Dabayan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Longnan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Sabunganon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Magas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Buwang Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tambiagaw Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Ag-gaw Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Pag-asa Creek contaminated with mining effluents
bathing, laundry and other domestic use, potable water
Paraiso Creek
source
Mt. Diwata
Busay 1 Creek contaminated with mining effluents
Busay 2 Creek contaminated with mining effluents
Tinago Creek contaminated with mining effluents
Kabasaran Creek contaminated with mining effluents
Naboc
Lahi Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagmunomuno Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Sagay Creek
eco-tourism
Basahan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Kolian Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Lungnan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Barsosogon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mayapaya Creek
eco-tourism
Comawas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Madot Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Alimbongoy Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Kandaga Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mapaso Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Agutayan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mawog Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Naboca Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Alijon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Pagsosogon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Lambalambahan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Abaka Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Kalagaran Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Muyak-Bato Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Kawopnan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Dumga Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Sayaw Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mamlom Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Andapon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Sinuwagan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bungo-bungonan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Manipak Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mibatas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tabaka Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Kapangan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Olaycon Creek Small bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Olaycon Creek Big bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Moncano Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Olaycon
Jeminez Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bigaan Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Cruz Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Dawon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bahayan River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tag-uma Creek contaminated with mining effluents
Pasian
Langkilaan River contaminated with mining effluents
Pasian River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Simulao River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Odiongan Creek
source
Domano Creek potential for eco-tourism
Tagpanilan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mamay Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Magdagandang Creek potential for eco-tourism, bathing, laundry
Libuton Creek irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Poblacion
Samuag Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Ulip River irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Maoao Creek contaminated water
Bahayan River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic
Buay River
use, potable water source
Haguimitan Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Gabanan Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Rizal
Tagbayanban Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Pinabakbakan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Raganit Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tabontabonan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagbawe Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Patinay Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic
Buay River
use, potable water source
Sagay Creek
eco-tourism
Libuton Creek irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Salvacion Ulip River irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mayao Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Samuag Creek irrigation system, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use,
Maite Creek
potable water source
Ginabonan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Saug River bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagbunawan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
San Isidro Kidapang Creek
source
Santa Monica Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Palina Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Alimogmogan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tag-usab Creek
source
San Jose
Angas Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tuwan Creek 1 bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tuwan Creek 2 bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Odiongan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Patong Creek
source e
Paco Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Maot Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mahayahay Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tina Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tubo-tubo Naboc River contaminated with mining effluents, irrigation water
Tinago Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Union
Mibatas Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Pangapayan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Libuton Creek irrigation water, bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Segovia Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Katipanan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Katipuan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tagpawanon Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Tabaka Creek 1 bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Binagyohan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bayawa Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Lawan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Upper Ulip bathing, laundry and other domestic use, potential for
Sagay Creek
eco-tourism
Lugdangan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Dumga Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Sayaw Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Maruot Sabangan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Mayapaya Creek
eco-tourism
Tabaka Creek 2 bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Guinasan Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Bernaldez Creek bathing, laundry and other domestic use
Source: MPDO, Primary Data Community Mapping & Consultation, 2017
Figure 24. Rivers and Creeks Map
5.2.7 Biodiversity Resources
The municipality’s natural resources are fundamental to sustaining life in Monkayo. But
preserving their extent and biodiversity is increasingly challenging in the face of numerous threats,
including habitat loss, erosion and pollution.
Years ago, Monkayo has been the home of various wildlife species both flora and fauna but a
dramatic decline was obviously observed as logging activities started to destroy their habitat and
proliferation of hunting activities. Hunting might have been necessary for human survival in prehistoric
times, but today and years before most hunters stalk and kill animals merely for profit and leisure.
Also, the destruction was aggravated by the encroachment of people looking for a land to cultivate
and diversify their livelihood which resulted to landslide, soil erosion and soil fertility depletion. The
exploitation of this wildlife decreased their numbers as experienced by the indigenous peoples within
the forestal barangays of the municipality.
Using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, one of the most well-
known objective assessment systems for classifying the status of plants, animals, and other organisms
threatened with extinction revealed that there are species in Monkayo classified as vulnerable and least
concern (i.e. unlikely to become extinct in the near future).
Table 34 shows the inventory of biodiversity resources in the municipality wherein Philippine
Grass Owl, Philippine Flying Lemur, Philippine Deer, and King Cobra are considered vulnerable or
considered to be at high risk of unnatural (human-caused) extinction without further human
intervention based on IUCN release. Also, refer to Figure 25.
It is believed and suggested that the threats to biodiversity and the decline in population of
wildlife species can be summarized in the following main points: (a) alteration and loss of the habitats;
(b) introduction of exotic species and genetically modified organisms; (c) pollution as human activity
influences the natural environment producing negative, direct or indirect, effects that alter the flow of
energy, the chemical and physical constitution of the environment and abundance of the species; (d)
climate change; and, (e) overexploitation of resources: when the activities connected with capturing
and harvesting (e.g. hunting, fishing, farming).
Growing population of the adjacent lowland barangays and upland barangays threaten the
protection of the forest resources in the forest area of Monkayo particularly in open access areas.
Human activities adversely affect the health and condition of the forestland.
Table 34
Biodiversity Resources
Where Located?
Species Sight Status IUCN List
Sighted?
Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion, Upper Ulip,
Mt. Diwata, Awao, Banlag, Casoon,
Often Least
Philippine Maya Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa,
Sighted Concerned
Mamunga, Naboc, Olaycon, Tubo-tubo,
San Jose, San Isidro
Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion,Upper Ulip,
Philippine Sunbird Often Least
Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa,
(Tamsi) Sighted Concerned
Mamunga, Naboc, Olaycon, Tubo-tubo,
San Jose, San Isidro
Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion, Upper Ulip, Seldom Least
Horn Bill (Kalaw)
Mt. Diwata Sighted Concerned
Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion,Upper Ulip, Seldom Least
Wild Chicken
Philippine Grass Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion,Upper Ulip, Seldom
Vulnerable
Owl Mt. Diwata Sighted
Sighted only
Philippine Deer Upper Ulip, Pasian Vulnerable
once
Philippine Flying
Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa, Often Sighted Vulnerable
Lemur
Mamunga, Naboc, Olaycon, Tubo-tubo, San
Jose, San Isidro
Seldom
Mindanao Squirrel Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa, Not threatened
Sighted
Jose, San Isidro
Seldom Least
Civet Cat Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa,
Sighted Concerned
Jose, San Isidro
Least
Monitor Lizard Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa, Often Sighted
Concerned
Jose, San Isidro
King Cobra Mt. Diwata, Awao, Banlag, Casoon, Often Sighted Vulnerable
Jose, San Isidro
Least
Cobra Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa, Often Sighted
Concerned
Jose, San Isidro
Often Least
Reticulated Python Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa,
Sighted Concerned
Jose, San Isidro
Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion, Upper Ulip, Often Least
Wild Pig
Pasian, Rizal, Baylo, Salvacion, Upper Ulip, Seldom Least
Philippine Macaque
Philippine Hanging Often Least
Parrot (Colasisi) Sighted Concerned
Jose, San Isidro
Source: MPDO, Primary Data Community Mapping and Consultation, 2017
Figure 25. Biodiversity Map
5.2.8 Nature-Based Tourism Assets
Combilan and Awao caves are existing tourism sites in the municipality that features different
stalactites and stalagmites formation. Another prized attraction is the Awao Falls tucked in the remote
barangay of Awao that features three layers of cascades. It enticed an average 5,000 both local and
foreign tourists monthly.
There are five (5) caves potential for tourism and exploration, and eleven waterfalls as potential
tourism hotpots. Agro-eco tourism sites have been identified for integration into traditional eco-
tourism sites as part of boosting farmers’ income and stirring up rural economic activity in the
municipality. It encompasses a wide variety of activities where agriculture and tourism intersect for
enjoyment and education; these include Agro-Eco Tourism Center in Brgy. Pasian and Octagon Farm
in Brgy. Poblacion. Table 35 and Figure 26 exhibit the inventory all current and proposed tourism assets
in order to accurately assess, develop and plan for sustainable use.
Table 35
Existing and Potential Tourism Sites
Tourism Site Location Status/Remarks
Caves
Combilan Cave P-6, Casoon Existing Tourism
Awao Cave P-6, Awao Existing Tourism
Balinsasayaw Cave P-6, Awao Potential for Tourism
Paanakan Cave P-15, Awao Potential for Tourism
Kampanahon Cave P-6, Awao Potential for Tourism
Yelohan Cave P-6, Casoon Potential for Tourism
Catagbungan Cave P-11, Pasian Potential for Tourism
Waterfalls
Awao Falls 1 P-6, Awao Existing Tourism
Awao Falls 2 P-6, Awao Existing Tourism
Magdagandang Falls P-11, Pasian Existing Tourism
Tagdalikan Falls P-5, Baylo Potential for Tourism
Binaton Falls P-1A, Rizal Potential for Tourism
Sagay Falls P-7, Salvacion Potential for Tourism
Paypayanon Falls P-9, Baylo Potential for Tourism
Paanakan Falls P-15, Awao Potential for Tourism
Dumano Falls P-14, Pasian Potential for Tourism
Pangipison Falls P-15, Awao Potential for Tourism
Wawag Falls P-5, Baylo Potential for Tourism
Domano Falls P-14, Pasian Potential for Tourism
Calinogan Falls P-17, Casoon Potential for Tourism
Paraiso Falls P-18, Mt. Diwata Potential for Tourism
Mayapaya Falls P-8, Naboc Potential for Tourism
Hot Springs
Mainit Hot Spring P-7, Salvacion Potential for Tourism
Ulip Hot Spring P-2, Upper Ulip Potential for Tourism
Awao Hot Spring P-6, Awao Potential for Tourism
Other Tourism Sites
Buenas Mountain Ranges Mt. Diwata Existing Tourism
Agro-Eco Tourism Center P-3, Pasian Existing Tourism
Kalaw River Cruise Poblacion Potential for Tourism
Higanting Bato P-13, Upper Ulip Potential for Tourism
Mine-Tunnel Trailing Guided Tour Mt. Diwata Potential for Tourism
Source: MTU & MPDO, 2017; Primary Data Community Mapping, 2017
Figure 26. Tourism Map
5.2.9 Mineral Resources
Monkayo is rich in natural resources. It has fertile, arable lands, diverse flora and fauna, and rich
mineral deposits. It is considered as one of the municipalities most endowed with metallic resources
in the country as it ranks in the top for gold and silver.
The discovery of gold in Mt. Diwata, or commonly known as Diwalwal, in 1983 triggered a gold
rush to the area. Since then, the population of Diwalwal continued to soar thus, multiplying the number
of small-scale mining operations all over the area (NEDA, XI). In fact, there are several exploration
permits and application for mineral production have been documented but are not yet approved. Refer
to Table 36 and Figure 27.
It is of public knowledge that large amounts of gold have been extracted by the small-scale
miners since the beginning of the gold-rush up to the present. As one of the consequences of the
mining activities in the area, the Naboc and Agusan rivers are heavily contaminated with mercury and
cyanide from artisanal mining operations. The National Government, realizing the importance of
protecting the environment from further destruction by these activities, as well as to maximize the
utilization of the mineral potential of the area, declared the Diwalwal Mineral Reservation Area (DMRA).
The barangays included in the DMRA are: Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip, Tubo-tubo, Naboc, and Salvacion of
the municipality; Mangayon in the municipality of Compostela all in the province Compostela Valley;
barangays of Simulao, Cabasagan, San Jose, Carmen, and Poblacion in the municipality of Boston and
barangay Aliwagwag in Cateel all in Davao Oriental.
However, the effects of mining activities and the prospect of more livelihood and employment
opportunities arising from the migration resulted to the proliferation of artisanal mining methods that
greatly contributed to mercury and cyanide pollution in Naboc River, soil erosion and landslides.
Alongside is the social situation and pressing challenges such as widespread poverty, looming health
hazards from unrelenting mining activities, poor housing conditions, and low access to basic social
services.
As such, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) launched its three-day
“Lihok Alang sa Naboc” program to implement a closure order to the 1,797 ball mill and the batch-
type Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) tank operators in Barangay Mt. Diwata in March 2019. The closure order
prompted the operators to voluntarily dismantle and transfer their plants in Mine Processing Zone at
Mebatas, Upper Ulip, Monkayo.
Based on studies by the DENR-Environmental Management Board (EMB), the Mines and
Geoscience Bureau (MGB), the United Nations Industrial and Development Organization (UNIDO), and
other organizations, the Naboc River has high concentration of mercury add to that incidents of soil
erosion and siltation in the river.
Table 36
Tenements Approved and Application
Tenements Approved Tenurial
Area Covered Barangays Covered Status
and Application Number
Proclamation No.
Diwalwal Mineral
297, Series of 1,463.00 Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip
Reservation Area
2002
Agusan Petroleum and
13.76 Naboc,
Mineral Corporation
Alberto Mining
1,057.53 Baylo, Rizal, Salvacion,
Corporation
Inambatan, Macopa,
CORE Mining Corporation 1,379.57
Olaycon
Eastern Horizon Mining
193.89 Baylo, Rizal
Corporation
Awao, Babag, Banlag,
Baylo, Haguimitan,
Inambatan, Macopa,
F.F. Cruz & Co. Inc. EXPA-000234 XI 4,208.57 Mamunga, Naboc, New
Olaycon, Pasian,
Poblacion, Rizal, San
Jose, Union
Higanteng Bato 1,040.46 Naboc, Tubo-tubo
Letter V 203.44 Upper Ulip
Naboc, Tubo-tubo,
Mina Del Oriente, Inc. EXPA-000242 XI 2,340.75
Union, Upper Ulip
Monkayo Consolidated
1,887.59 Pasian
Mining Corporation
OZ Metals Exploration Baylo, Haguimitan,
and Development EXPA-000123 XI 7,011.89 Pasian, Rizal, Salvacion, Pending
Corporation Upper Ulip
PHSAMED Mining
3,272.54 Awao, Pasian
Corporation
Philippine Mining
Development 1,693.53
Corporation (PMDC)
Shanghai Resources Baylo, Haguimitan,
1,548.82
Corporation Pasian, Rizal
TRIMA 286.27 Upper Ulip
TRIMA 1 673.46 Tubo-tubo
Mt. Diwata, Salvacion,
Upper Ulip-Paraiso 1,273.31
Upper Ulip
Victory Tunnel 961.53 Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip
Source: MGB RO XI, 2016
Figure 27. Mineral Map
5.3 Key Stakeholders
Stakeholders refer to anyone that has an interest in this Plan and can influence its successful
implementation. It is important to identify stakeholders in this plan or before the implementation of
the projects as early as possible. It includes groups or individuals have mandates and interests over
forestland and with potential influence on how the forestlands and watersheds will be effectively
managed, therefore, they should be considered in any development plans and proposals of the local
government unit and DENR. They may include: members of the national and local governments, other
user groups (such as customers, residents, occupants, and visitors), neighbors and community groups,
funders and shareholders, and among others. Stakeholders may not all have the same objectives within
the context of this plan. It is important therefore to identify areas of convergence and areas of
difference between them and to manage individuals whose expectations are unlikely to be met.
Understanding the roles and potential contribution of the different stakeholders is a
prerequisite to a participatory forest governance process. It is done to ensure a balanced
representation of the analysis that examines and identify stakeholders across a number of different
dimensions.A stakeholder mapping was conducted by the DENR and TWG, and participated by the
civil society organizations, local and national agencies and other participants. It allows a plan to be
developed for how to manage the involvement of different stakeholder groups in the management of
forests and forestlands in the municipality. As can be gleaned in Table 37, the identified stakeholders
involved in and/or affected (negatively or positively) by the outcome and the impact of this plan is
categorized as on-site or off-site stakeholders and is divided or classified as primary, secondary or
tertiary stakeholders.
Table 37
Key Stakeholders
Stakeholders Strategies for
Stakeholders Location Interests/ Gaining Support or Classification
Mandates/Roles Reducing Obstacles
On-Site
capacitate tribal elders in
develop the area/use of the implementation of
land in accordance of ADSDPP; encourage
the RA 8371 or IPRA Law sustainable management
or based on the and development of their
Barangay Tribal
all upland stipulations in the of land and natural
Council of Elders Primary
barangays Ancestral Domains resources as well as the
(BTCELs)
Sustainable development of human
Development and and cultural resources
Protection Plan based on their
(ADSDPP) indigenous knowledge,
systems and practices
capacitate the PO in the
forest management;
Awao Forestland livelihood, co-
inclusion in development
Management management of
planning, enjoin in the
Beneficiaries Awao forestland within the Primary
community
Association area covered of the
empowerment activities
(AFLAMABA) tenure, tree plantation
especially in project
identification
encourage community
livelihood, co- involvement in decision-
management of making is essential for
SACCK Tree Farmers
Awao forestland within the sustainable management Primary
Association
area covered of the of forests; capacitate the
tenure, tree plantation PO in the forest
management
encourage community
Camansa Community management of making is essential for
Forestland Farmers Casoon forestland within the sustainable management Primary
Association, Inc. area covered of the of forests; capacitate the
management
encourage community
management of making is essential for
Casoon Tree Farmers
Casoon forestland within the sustainable management Primary
Association (CATFA)
area covered of the of forests; capacitate the
management
lobby about restoring
ecological balance in the
degraded and fragile
Macopa Small Farmers upland farms, by
Macopa livelihood, farming Primary
Association greening these areas
through appropriate mix
of trees, shrubs and
grasses
provision of farm inputs
Olaycon Rubber
rubber production, and technical
Farmer Association Olaycon Primary
diversified farming recommendations on
(ORFA)
sustainable farming
and technical
Barangay Olaycon
cacao production, recommendations on
Cacao Farmer Olaycon Primary
diversified farming sustainable farming;
Association (BOCFA)
assist in new product
development
Olaycon Manat
and technical
Riverside Farmer Olaycon livelihood, farming Primary
recommendations on
Association (OMARFA)
sustainable farming
Pasian Coconut
coconut farming, and technical
Farmers Association Pasian Primary
livelihod recommendations on
(PACOFA)
sustainable farming
provision of farm inputs,
capacity building on
Rizal United Farmers
Rizal livelihood, farming sustainable farming Primary
Association (RUFA)
techniques, community
education
and technical
recommendations on
Mandaya Tribe livelihood, farming, sustainable farming;
National Farmers’ Salvacion environment protection develop human and Primary
Association and preservation cultural resources based
on indigenous
knowledge, systems and
practices
participation in a
Olayta Business livelihood, lumber stakeholders’ forum,
Salvacion Primary
Enterprise production strengthen
environmental laws
participation in a
stakeholders’ forum,
Aquarius mini-saw Mill Baylo livelihood, veneer Primary
strengthen
environmental laws
Unorganized upland all upland conduct capability
livelihood, farming Primary
farmers barangays building trainings such as
Farmers Firld School and
Climate Field School,
encourage to organized
themselves, provision of
farm inputs and technical
recommendation on
sustainbale farming
system
encourage to organize
and conduct community
education and public
Undocumented small- artisanal mining,
Mt. Diwata, Pasian awareness, transfer to Primary
scale miners livelihood
Mine Processing Zone at
Mebatas, Upper Ulip with
government assistance
BLGU of Awao Awao conduct community Primary
BLGU of Banlag Banlag education and public Primary
BLGU of Babag Babag ensure the awareness Primary
BLGU of Casoon Casoon implementation of Primary
national laws and consultative/participatory
BLGU of Haguimitan Haguimitan Primary
ordinances in the sitios planning wherein citizens
BLGU of Inambatan Inambatan and puroks are allowed to take part Primary
BLGU of Macopa Macopa in the process of Primary
BLGU of Mamunga Mamunga co-management of allocating public Primary
BLGU of Mt. Diwata Mt. Diwata forestland within their resources ensuring Primary
BLGU of Naboc Naboc territory and local community Primary
BLGU of Olaycon Olaycon governance empowerment by giving Primary
the people authority and
BLGU of Pasian Pasian Primary
front liners in the control over decisions
BLGU of Rizal Rizal Primary
delivery of essential and resources
BLGU of Salvacion Salvacion services to their Primary
BLGU of San Isidro San Isidro constituents welcome partnership Primary
BLGU of San Jose San Jose with government Primary
BLGU of Tubo-tubo Tubo-tubo allocate for the provision agencies, private sector Primary
of basic services or and civil society
facilities related to organizations in
general hygiene and performing the
sanitation, mandates of their office
beautification, and solid
waste collection strengthen
BLGU of Upper Ulip Upper Ulip environmental laws and Primary
delineation of watershed conduct a search on best
and designated pocket implementer of
forests environmental laws
encourage them to
organize and apply for
tenurial instrument at
all upland livelihood, poaching DENR or provision of
Timber poachers Primary
barangays activities livelihood program;
Strengthen the
enforcement of
environmental laws
community education
and public awareness,
implementation of
Elementary and all upland and provision of basic Graduation Legacy for
Tertiary
secondary schools lowland barangays education the Environment Act
where graduating
pupils/students to plant
at least 10 trees
Rizal, Pasian, San peace negotiations,
Lawless armed groups camp/hide-out Secondary
Jose, Awao, Casoon bringing government
services closer to the
people
conduct and carry on ink agreement with the
the business of locality in addressing the
exploring, developing, environmental, health,
mining, smelting, and social and economic well
producing, transporting, being of the occupants
storing, distributing, of the area, and to
exchanging, selling, rationalize the mining
Philippine Mining
disposing, importing, and mineral processing
Development Upper Ulip Secondary
exporting, trading and operations in the
Corporation (PMDC)
promotion of gold, reservation for greater
silver, copper, iron, and efficiency, and to provide
all kinds of mineral for adequate
deposits and substances; environmental protection
develop progressive and mine rehabilitation
communities through measures
responsible mining
community awareness,
Driver and Operators livelihood, encourage support
all barangays Tertiary
Association transportation government projects and
activities
Awao Communal encourage members to
Irrigators Association Awao irrigation, rice farming conduct tree growing Secondary
(ACIA) activities/reforestation
encourage members to
Lower Naboc Irrigators
Naboc irrigation, rice farming conduct tree growing Secondary
Association (LNIA)
activities/reforestation
Upper Naboc encourage members to
Irrigators Association Tubo-tubo irrigation, rice farming conduct tree growing Secondary
(UNIA) activities/reforestation
Salvacion-Union
encourage members to
Agrarian Reform
Salvacion, Union irrigation, rice farming conduct tree growing Secondary
Communal Irrigators
activities/reforestation
Association (SUARCIA)
Inambatan Rice encourage members to
small-scale irrigation,
Farmers Association Inambatan conduct tree growing Secondary
rice farming
(IFASS) activities/reforestation
Sugod, Union Rice encourage members to
small-scale irrigation,
Farmers Association Union conduct tree growing Secondary
rice farming
(SURFA) activities/reforestation
Awao, Banlag,
Casoon, Mt. Diwata, ink with an agreement
Armed Forces of the maintain peace and
Pasian, Rizal, San with the local Tertiary
Philippines (AFP) order
Jose, Upper Ulip, governments
Tubo-tubo
organize and facilitate
Casoon Cave Guide
Casoon alternative livelihood accreditation, capacity Primary
Association
building
Off-Site
co-management of ink partnerships and
forestland, formulation strengthen linkages with
of local development national agencies, non-
and sectoral plans (e.g. government
CDP, CLUP, FLUP), organizations, and civil
formulate enabling laws, society organizations,
Local Government Unit statutes and policies to monitor the
Poblacion Primary
of Monkayo make sure the spirit of implementation of the
the constitution is identified and prioritized
upheld in the PPAs in the FLUP,
municipality (e.g. strengthen the
Municipal Environment enforcement of
Code, Municipal environmental laws,
Ecological Solid Waste intensify community
Management education and public
ordinance), earmark the awareness, ensure that
required budgetary the public interest
requirements prevails over
private interests
strengthen the
forest conservation and enforcement of
preservation, watershed environmental laws,
Provincial Local management, regulation intensify community
Cabidianan,
Government of on mining and quarrying education and public Primary
Nabunturan
Compostela Valley activities, enact laws; awareness, ensure that
resolve boundary the public interest
conflicts prevails over
private interests
provides technical sustain partnerships with
guidance to the central LGU-Monkayo and
and field offices for the PLGU-Compostela Valley;
effective protection, strengthen the
Department of development, and enforcement of
Environment and conservation of environmental laws,
Natural Resources – Poblacion, forestlands and intensify community
Community Monkayo; Davao watersheds, it shall education and public Primary
Environment and City recommend policies and awareness, ensure that
Natural Resources programs towards the the public interest
Office (DENR-CENRO) achievement of prevails over
sustainable forest private interests
management, based on
science and principles of
good forest governance
encourage people’s
participation in
agricultural development
through sectoral
promotion of representation in
agricultural agricultural policy-
development by making bodies so that
providing framework, the policies, plans and
Department of public investments, and programs are formulated
Davao City Tertiary
Agriculture (DA) support services needed and executed to satisfy
for domestic and their needs, use a
business enterprises; bottom-up self-reliant
farm-to-market (FMR) farm system approach
roads that will emphasize social
justice, equity,
productivity and
sustainability in the use
of agricultural resources
provide insurance encourage upland
protection to farmers farmers to insured their
Philippine Crop against losses arising crops, livestock and
Tagum City Tertiary
Insurance Corporation from natural calamities, poultry
plant diseases and pest
infestations
protect and promote the ensure the control and
interest and well-being management of
of the indigenous Ancestral Domains,
peoples with due regard harmonization of plans
National Commission to their beliefs, customs, (i.e. ADSDPP), resolve
Nabunturan,
on Indigenous Peoples traditions and conflict issues with other Secondary
Compostela Valley
(NCIP) institutions; formulates tenure holders within the
and implements policies, Ancestral Domain
plans and programs for
the recognition,
promotion and
protection of the rights
and well-being of IPs
with due regard to their
ancestral domains and
lands, self-governance
and empowerment,
social justice and human
rights and cultural
integrity, issuance of
Free and Prior Informed
Consent (FPIC)
intensify public
responsible for irrigation information especially on
National Irrigation
Compostela development and irrigation fees; expansion Secondary
Administration (NIA)
management (RA 3601) of irrigation system;
encourage reforestation
holds and implements ensure the
comprehensive and implementation,
genuine agrarian reform facilitation, and
which actualizes coordination of the
Poblacion
Department of equitable land support services delvery
Agrarian Reform (DAR) distribution, ownership, to Agrarian Reform
Secondary
– Municipal Agrarian agricultural productivity, Beneficiaries (ARBs),
Nabunturan,
Reform Office (MARO) and tenurial security for, encourage communities
Compostela Valley
of and with the tillers of to conduct reforestation
the land towards the activities, conduct
improvement of their community education
quality of life and public awareness
develop, administer and strengthen
implement linkage/partnership with
comprehensive social LGU-Monkayo, intensify
welfare programs community education
designed to uplift the and public wareness
Department of Social
Poblacion; Davao living conditions and
Welfare and Tertiary
City empower the
Development (DSWD)
disadvantaged children,
youth, women, older
persons, person with
disabilities, families in
crisis or at-risk, etc.
strengthen
develop technology for
linkage/partnership with
ensuring the safety of all
LGU-Monkayo especially
infrastructure facilities
in the
Department of Public and securing for all
Nabunturan, opening/concreting of
Works and Highways public works and Tertiary
Compostela Valley roads especially to the
(DPWH) highways the highest
production forest,
efficiency and the most
intensify community
appropriate quality of
construction
awareness
dedicated to creating a capacitate tribal elders in
respectful environment the implementation of
that inspires and Ancestral Domains
encourages innovation Sustainable Development
and leadership while and Protection Plan
building and (ADSDPP); encourage
United Tribal Council strengthening sustainable management
Poblacion Secondary
of Elders (UTCEL) partnerships with and development of their
communities, individuals land and natural
and organizations, co- resources as well as the
management of development of human
forestland within the and cultural resources
area covered of the based on their
tenure, tree plantation
indigenous knowledge,
systems and practices
strengthen the national
directives and other
enabling policies for the
protection and
formulate specifically
rehabilitation of Mt.
focused policies and
Diwata; seek public
coordinate the
consultation on
National Task Force implementation of
stoppage of mining and
Diwalwal (NTFD) – measures thereof by all
mineral processing
Program Monitoring Davao City concerned government Secondary
activities of major
and Coordination agencies with respect to
operators in Mt. Diwata
Committee (PMCC) the vital concerns of the
due to health and safety
government and to
hazards and
rationalize all mining
environmental
activities in Mt. Diwata
degradation and
transferring the same to
the sitio Mebatas, Upper
Ulip
promote the rapid encourage people’s
integrated development participation in coconut
and growth of the industry development
coconut and other palm through sectoral
oil industry in all its representation in
Philippine Coconut aspects and to ensure agricultural policy-
Davao City Secondary
Authority (PCA) that the coconut farmers making bodies so that
become direct the policies, plans and
participants in, and programs are formulated
beneficiaries of such and executed to satisfy
development and their needs
growth
recognize their
contribution and
Philippine National
strengthen partnerships
Police (PNP) – ensure peace and order
Poblacion especially on the Secondary
Monkayo Police in the municipality
enforcement of
Station
environmental laws and
enabling policies
encourage, promote, earmark monetary
and develop tourism as requirements and ink
a major socio-economic agreement with the local
activity to generate governments in the
Department of
Davao City foreign currency and development of potential Tertiary
Tourism (DOT)
employment and to identified tourist
spread the benefits of destinations
tourism to both the
private and public sector
ink partnerships to
Monkayo College of undertake research and
research, development
Arts, Sciences and extension activies mong
Poblacion initiatives and extension Tertiary
Technology upland communities;
services
(MonCAST) promote reforestation
activities
formulate development strengthen linkage on
initiative that can biodiversity projectsfor
increase trade, tourism the declared wildlife
Mindanao and investments, sanctuary
Development Davao City encourage private Tertiary
Authority (MinDA) enterprise and
advancing efforts
towards peace and
development, i.e.
Biodiversity Corridor
Priority project
formulate continuing, ensure the
National Economic coordinated and fully implementation of the
and Development Davao City integrated socio- stipulations in the DMRA Tertiary
Administration (NEDA) economic policies, plans Development Plan
and programs
all barangays and encourage to secure
Agricultural products
neighboring business permits, invite
buyers, middlemen, livelihood, raw materials Secondary
municipalities and to participate in a
and owners
cities stakeholders’ forum
secure approved permits
before conducting
Awao, Babag,
exploration activities,
Banlag, Haguimitan,
F.F. Cruz & Company, regulation and
Inambatan, mineral exploration Primary
Inc. transparency on all
Macopa, Mamunga,
Naboc, Rizal, Union
strengthen
environmental laws
secure approved permits
before conducting
OZ Metals Exploration Baylo, Haguimitan,
regulation and
and Development Pasian, Rizal, mineral exploration Primary
transparency on all
Corporation Salvacion
strengthen
environmental laws
strengthen partnerships
and collaboration to
improve access of
empower socially-and- members to social
economically challenged service in order to
Commercial and Poblacion; women and families to contribute to their
micro-banks, financial Nabunturan; Tagum eventually transform general well-being;
Secondary
and lending City; Davao City; them into responsible community education
institutions Trento citizens for their and public awareness on
community and the alternative financing for
environment crop production by
offering microloans for
small-scale livelihood
activities
Source: Primary Data, 2017
In the workshop, the participants identified the stakeholders who are actively involved in forest
land use planning in their respective barangays, or whose interests may be affected as a result of plan
execution or plan completion. The Stakeholders’ Analysis, as shown in Table 38, is an important
technique to identify all key (primary and secondary) stakeholders who have a vested interest in the
issues with which the project is concerned. The aim of this process is to develop a strategic view of the
human and institutional landscape, and the relationships between the different stakeholders and the
issues they care about most their potentials, support, influence, capabilities and their importance on
the success of Forest Land Use Plan 2019-2023.
The matrix shows the interests/ roles/ mandates of the stakeholders. Each stakeholder was
given their respective roles in the success and failure of FLUP; their impacts were assessed; and
strategies were identified to gain support. The TWG were able to identify primary and secondary on-
site and off-site stakeholders based on the level of participation of the said groups.
Watershed is used as the unit of analysis and planning to demonstrate the relationship of forest
and forest land with respect to the municipality’s ecosystem (i.e. upstream and downstream) to align
the identified strategies in the protection, demonstration of sustainable approaches, and provide
better economic understanding of the links between upland and lowland ecosystems. The Technical
Working Group (TWG) identify appropriate zones within the forestland (e.g. protection zone,
production zone), watershed prioritization, and technical and financial strategies.
Table 38
Stakeholders Analysis
Are they Are they
Are they important influential What can be done to gain
Will they What are their
potential for project in decision support and reduce
Stakeholders benefit or capabilities or
supporter or success? making? threats/conflicts of
lose? constraints? Resources?
opposition? (Yes or (Yes or opposition?
No) No)
On-Site
must have
memorandum of
capable to mandate
agreement between
Ips to plant more,
the Council and an IP;
and cultivate the area
Barangay Tribal which the IP must
High for a more
Council of Elders Supporter Yes Yes provide another
Benefit productive one;
(BTCELs) seedlings for the
Certificate of
continuity of planting
Ancestral Domain
and help others ka-
Title (CADT) holders
barangays for the
reforestation
project proposals
should emanate from
them (community
empowerment activity);
Awao Forestland
maintenance of tree capacitate in the forest
Management
High plantation and plant management; provision
Beneficiaries Supporter Yes No
Benefit nurseries, forest of farm inputs and
Association
management technical assistance;
(AFLAMABA)
harmonization of
ADSPP in the local
plans, e.g. CBDP, CDP,
CLUP and FLUP
project proposals
should emanate from
maintenance of tree them (community
SACCK Tree High plantation and plant empowerment activity);
Supporter Yes No
Farmers Association Benefit nurseries, forest capacitate in the forest
management management; provision
of farm inputs and
technical assistance
project proposals
should emanate from
Camansa maintenance of tree them (community
Community High plantation and plant empowerment activity);
Supporter Yes No
Forestland Farmers Benefit nurseries, forest capacitate in the forest
Association, Inc. management management; provision
of farm inputs and
project proposals
should emanate from
Casoon Tree
High plantation and plant empowerment activity);
Farmers Association Supporter Yes No
Benefit nurseries, forest capacitate in the forest
(CATFA)
of farm inputs and
maintenance of tree project proposals
Macopa Small High plantation and plant should emanate from
Supporter Yes No
Farmers Association Benefit nurseries, forest them (community
management empowerment activity);
capacitate in the forest
management; provision
of farm inputs and
provision of farm
inputs and technical
Olaycon Rubber skills in farming; low
High assistance; capability
Farmer Association Supporter Yes No adoption of new
Benefit building on sustainable
(ORFA) farming technologies
farming
techniques/systems
provision of farm
Barangay Olaycon inputs and technical
skills in farming; low
Cacao Farmer High assistance; capability
Supporter Yes No adoption of new
Association Benefit building on sustainable
farming technologies
(BOCFA) farming
techniques/systems
provision of farm
Olaycon Manat inputs and technical
skills in farming; low
Riverside Farmer High assistance; capability
Supporter Yes No adoption of new
Association Benefit building on sustainable
farming technologies
(OMARFA) farming
techniques/systems
provision of farm
Pasian Coconut skills in farming; low
Farmers Association Supporter Yes No adoption of new
(PACOFA) farming technologies
farming
techniques/systems
provision of farm
Rizal United skills in farming; low
Farmers Association Supporter Yes No adoption of new
(RUFA) farming technologies
farming
techniques/systems
project proposals
should emanate from
Mandaya Tribe
High plantation and plant empowerment activity);
National Farmers’ Supporter Yes No
Benefit nurseries, forest capacitate in the forest
Association
of farm inputs and
submit for monitoring
capitalization,
Olayta Business Medium and inspection;
Neither Neither No generation of local
Enterprise Loss encourage to conduct
employment
reforestation activities
submit for monitoring
capitalization,
Aquarius mini-saw Medium and inspection;
Neither Neither No generation of local
Mill Loss encourage to conduct
employment
reforestation activities
Organization of farmers
and accreditation to
have legal entity;
skills in farming; low provision of farm
Unorganized High
Supporter Yes No adoption of new inputs and technical
upland farmers Benefit
farming technologies assistance; capability
building on sustainable
farming
techniques/systems
illegal small-scale encourage to organize
mining operations and seure accreditation
Undocumented High
Opposition No No that could lead to as a people’s
small-scale miners Losses
environmental organization; provision
pollution of alternative livelihood
direct mediation, strengthen linkages
local governance; with BLGUS, MLGU,
forest management; PLGU and other
pocket forest and agencies mandated to
watershed protect the
delineation, environment; technical
High
BLGU of Awao Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
protection; preparation of
enforcement of the Comprehensive
barangay ordinances Barangay Development
and policies on Plan (CBDP);
environment harmonization of PPAs
protection in the municipal plans
High
BLGU of Banlag Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Babag Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Casoon Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
BLGU of High
Supporter Yes Yes delineation, environment; technical
Haguimitan Benefit
declaration and assistance in the
High
BLGU of Inambatan Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Macopa Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Mamunga Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Mt. Diwata Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High watershed protect the
BLGU of Naboc Supporter Yes Yes
Benefit delineation, environment; technical
High
BLGU of Olaycon Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Pasian Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Rizal Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Salvacion Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of San Isidro Supporter Yes Yes watershed protect the
Benefit
High
BLGU of San Jose Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Tubo-tubo Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
High
BLGU of Upper Ulip Supporter Yes Yes declaration and assistance in the
Benefit
encourage to organize
and accredited as
people’s organization
timber poaching in the municipality;
High
Timber poachers Opposition No No activities as facilitate application of
Losses
household income tenurial instrument at
DENR; provision of
alternative livelihood
projects
help students partnership through
become agreement with BLGU
conscientious to undertake
stewards of (and reforestation activitie
Elementary and Medium
Supporter Yes No advocates for) the specially in the
secondary schools Benefit
environment, desigmated pocket
protecting it for forest and watershed
themselves and areas; allocate time slot
generations to come at 95.7 RLG FM
inclusion in the next
Lawless armed High threat to peace and
Opposition No No round of government’s
groups Losses order; decline of
land distribution
conservation and program; distribution
research activities of financial assistance;
peace
negotiation/agreement;
bring government
services closer to the
people
technical personnel;
lucrative mining firm
harmonization of plans
generating bigger
and corporate social
revenues for the
Philippine Mining responsibility (CSR)
country;
Development High activities with the local
Supporter Yes Yes embracing first-rate
Corporation Benefit government units;
norms in responsible
(PMDC) leveling of expectation
mining; espousing
and negotiation with
policies that protect
LGUs
the
environment
Driver and
Low provide conduct stakeholders’
operators Supporter Yes No
Benefit transportation forum
associations
organized irrigators’
association and
accredited people’s conduct stakeholders’
Awao Communal
Medium organization, forum and community
Irrigators Supporter Yes No
Benefit capacity to conduct awareness on
Association (ACIA)
reforestation and watershed protection
rehabilitation on
riparian areas
association and
Lower Naboc
High organization, forum and community
Association (LNIA)
rehabilitation on
riparian areas
association and
Upper Naboc
High organization, forum and community
Association (UNIA)
rehabilitation on
riparian areas
Salvacion-Union association and
Agrarian Reform accredited people’s conduct stakeholders’
Communal Medium organization, forum and community
Supporter Yes No
Irrigators Benefit capacity to conduct awareness on
Association reforestation and watershed protection
(SUARCIA) rehabilitation on
riparian areas
organized small
water irrigation
system association
and accredited conduct stakeholders’
Inambatan Rice
Medium people’s forum and community
Benefit organization, awareness on
(IFASS)
capacity to conduct watershed protection
reforestation and
rehabilitation on
riparian areas
organized small
water irrigation
system association
and accredited conduct stakeholders’
Sugod, Union Rice
Medium people’s forum and community
Benefit organization, awareness on
(SURFA)
capacity to conduct watershed protection
reforestation and
rehabilitation on
riparian areas
ensure peace and integration to local
order; capacity to program/project
Armed Forces of
Medium undertake implementation;
the Philippines Supporter Yes No
Benefit reforestation; conflict provision of financial
(AFP)
wit lawless armed support; allocate time
group slot at 95.7 RLG FM
familiar with the area; capability building
lack of formal caving- seminar on caving-
Medium
Casoon cave guides Supporter Yes No skills training; skills and provision of
Benefit
absence of reliable protective personal
equipment equipments
Off-Site
delineation of
monitoring of
boundaries and
identified and
watershed areas;
prioritized PPAs of the
preparation of local
FLUP and ESWM,
planning, prepared
strengthen
Climate and Disaster
implementation of
risk Assessment
environmental laws;
(CDRA); financial
inclusion of DENR
capacity to
permits and clearances
implement the PPAs
in the regulatory
included in the plans;
requirements in
gives rights of
securing business;
indigenous peoples’
usage of the CDRA
Local Government High mandatory
Supporter Yes Yes results (e.g. hazard
Unit of Monkayo Benefit representation in all
maps) in securaing
local government
locational clearance
sanggunians at all
and zoning permit;
levels;
harmonization of local
instutionalization of
plans to provincial and
MAGRO, MSWDO,
regional development
MHO, MPDO,
plans; strengthen
MASSO, MENRO,
wildlife law
MDRRMO, and
enforcement, provision
Tourism and Culture
of livelihoods to local
and the Arts Unit;
communities, and
implementation of
rollout of behavioral
Municipal
change campaigns
Environment Code
forest conservation
and preservation;
watershed
management;
strengthen linkages
regulations on
with PLGU especially
Provincial Local Minahan ng Bayan,
High with the PENRO and
Government of Supporter Yes Yes quarrying activities
Benefit national agencies;
Compostela Valley and exploration
allocate time slot at
undertakings;
95.7 RLG FM
institutiolization of
PAGRO, PENRO,
PSWDO and
PDRRMO;
implementation of
pocket forests
Department of in forest strengthen linkages
Environment and management and with DENR and its
Natural Resources – FLUP preparation; attached bureaus and
Community High tenure issuance; agencies and national
Supporter Yes Yes
Environment and Benefit forestland allocation; agencies; allocate time
Natural Resources funds for National slot at 95.7 RLG FM;
Office (DENR- Greening Program rollout of behavioral
CENRO) (NGP); presence of change campaigns
CENRO-Monkayo
strengthen linkages
technical assistance with DA-RFO XI;
Department of on the sustainable harmonization of local
Agriculture (DA) High farming practices; agricultural plans to
Supporter Yes No
and its attached Benefit provision of farm regional agriculture
bureaus inputs; funds for plans; rollout of
agriculture programs behavioral change
campaigns
ink agreement with
financial support in MLGU for the insurance
Philippine Crop times of disaster such campaign with the
Medium
Insurance Supporter Yes No as climate variability, municipal agriculture
Benefit
Corporation (PCIC) pest and disease extension personnel at
infestation, etc. the Municipal
Agriculture Office
development or ink agreement to
National Irrigation expansion of undertake tree growing
Medium
Administration Supporter Yes No irrigation coverage; activities; strengthen
Benefit
(NIA) capacity to undertake linkage with with NIA-
reforestation ComVal
community education
steward of CADT; and public awareness;
technical assistance allocate time slot at
National
on the 95.7 RLG FM;
Commission on Medium
Supporter Yes Yes formulation/updating partnership in resolving
Indigenous Peoples Benefit
of ADSDPP; FPIC conflict on overlapping
(NCIP)
issuance; presence of A&D and CADT; rollout
provincial office of behavioral change
campaigns
Department of
community education
Agrarian Reform presence of
Medium and public awareness;
(DAR) – Municipal Supporter Yes Yes municipal office;
Benefit rollout of behavioral
Agrarian Reform CLOA issuance
change campaigns
Office (MARO)
provision of
strengthen
socialized services to
coordination through
marginalized sectors
municipal links and CCL
through the
coordinators in the
implementation of
Department of implementation of 4Ps,
4Ps, KALAHI-CIDSS,
Social Welfare and Low KALAHI-CIDSS,
Supporter Yes No PAMANA Program,
Development Benefit PAMANA Program,
Cash for Work and
(DSWD) cash for Work and
Sustainable
Sustainable Livelihood
Livelihood Program
Program (SLP); rollout
(SLP); availability of
of behavioral change
municipal links and
campaigns
CCL coordinators
coordinate with DPWH
improve networks to-
Department of on the opening and
Low and fro- the
Public Works and Supporter Yes No rehabilitation of roads
Benefit production and
Highways (DPWH) to production a nd
settlement areas
settlement sites
must have
memorandum of
capable to mandate
agreement between
IPs to plant more,
the Council and an IP;
and cultivate the area
United Tribal which the IP must
High for a more
Council of Elders Supporter Yes Yes provide another
Benefit productive one;
(UTCEL) seedlings for the
Certificate of
continuity of planting
Ancestral Domain
and help others ka-
Title (CADT) holders
barangays for the
reforestation
National Task Force
enforce the law and
Diwalwal (NTFD) -
directive to proper coordination
Program High
Supporter Yes Yes rationalize all mining with NTFD through
Monitoring and Benefit
activities in Mt. PMCC
Coordination
Diwata
Committee (PMCC)
no coconut tree or
trees shall be cut coordination with PCA
Philippine Coconut Medium unless a permit to be through the Municipal
Supporter Yes Yes
Authority (PCA) Benefit issued by the PCA Agriculture office;
pursuant to RA community awareness
10593
Proper coordination
with PNP-Monkayo;
allocation of funds;
Philippine National
secure peace and harmonization of
Police (PNP) – Low
Supporter Yes No order; enforcement programs, projects, and
Monkayo Police Benefit
of laws activities in the Peace
Station
and Order and Public
Safety (POPS) Plan of
the municipality
strengthen the linkage
with Provincial Tourism
funds to develop for Office and DOT to
Department of High
Supporter Yes No existing and potential develop and promote
Tourism (DOT) Benefit
eco-tourism sites existing and potential
nature-based tourist
attractions
encourage to
research and
Monkayo College of undertake tree growing
extension services;
Arts, Sciences and Low activities; undertake
Supporter Yes No capacity to undertake
Technology Benefit research activities and
tree growing
(MonCAST) roll-out research
activities
outputs
lobby and strengthen
linkage with MinDA in
identifying and
agreeing on the set of
strategies and major
Mindanao funds for biodiversity activities for the
Medium
Development Supporter Yes No corridor priority implementation of the
Benefit
Authority (MinDA) projects biodiversity project to
address biodiversity
loss and rampant
wildlife trafficking;
rollout of behavioral
change campaigns
National Economic prepared DMRA plan lobby proposed
and Development Low and Davao Regional programs/projects to
Supporter Yes No
Administration Benefit Development Plan NEDA for the inclusion
(NEDA) (DRDP) of DRDP
consultation on
Agricultural
capitalization; reducing marketing
products buyers, Medium
Supporter Yes No machineries and costs and margins for
middlemen, and Benefit
equipment; market major agricultural
owners
commodities
regulation on
exploration activities;
strengthen
financial resources, enforcement of
F.F. Cruz & High
Opposition No No mineral exploration, environmental laws;
Company, Inc. Losses
and mining activities transparent negotiation
with local government
units on responsible
and sustainable mining
regulation on
exploration activities;
strengthen
OZ Metals
financial resources, enforcement of
Exploration and High
Opposition No No mineral exploration, environmental laws;
Development Losses
and mining activities transparent negotiation
Corporation
with local government
units on responsible
and sustainable mining
information
capitalization; micro
Commercial and dissemination;
financing/soft loans;
micro-banks, Medium partnership on
Supporter Yes No technical expertise
financial and Benefit promotion of
on micro-/cottage
lending institutions sustainable farming
enterprises
programs
5.4 Institutional Assessment
The TWG has developed and implemented an assessment process that evaluates the overall
effectiveness of key offices in achieving its mission and goals with forest and forestland management
in the municipality, which will result in continuous improvement in institutional quality (refer to Table
39). The lack of personnel remained to be one of the biggest challenges both from the national and
local agencies in Monkayo to implement environment and natural resources policies, programs,
project and activities and the enforcement of these laws and regulations in the barangay level.
The DENR can provide services to people at many levels through its regional offices, PENROs
and CENROs. Although the number of personnel is still limited, the DENR reaches to the municipality
level, through its CENROs, to provide local services related to natural resources, particularly forest
resource management. The DENR’s regional and provincial level offices can assist MENRO in natural
resource management issues, however, it is observed that DENR has insufficient capacity to provide
required technical and other assistance to existing and potential forest resource management partners
(i.e. LGU-Monkayo and CBFM beneficiary groups).
The devolution of natural resource management functions to the LGUs is seen to be
underimplemented. The DENR and LGU-Monkayo experienced a number of difficulties with regard to
devolved forestry powers and functions. The MENRO do not have the capacity to undertake forest
management activities devolved by the DENR as mandated by the Local Government Code of 1991.
Only one plantilla position created and the rest are casual workers and job orders, which these
personnel need continuous technical assistance from DENR. Also, the budget allocated to MENRO is
very limited. The bulk of LGU-Monkayo’s budget goes for personnel services, with only a little
remaining for operating expenses and usually none for equipment or capital outlay. Given the large
area of FFLs in the municipality, the personnel assigned could not fully function especially on the
establishment, maintainance, protection and preservation of communal forest, watershed and forest
projects. Equipment or facilities to conduct surveys as well as provision of assistance to clients or to
monitor and assess programs and projects are inadequate. Such constraints hinder the movement of
personnel and the services they could provide.
Table 39
Institutional Assessment Matrix
Institutions Location Responsibility Strategies Capabilities
ensure the delivery of basic services
and provision of adequate facilities
relative to environment and natural
resources
establish, maintain, protect and

preserve communal forest,
watershed, tree parks, greenbelt
Local and similar forest projects and
Government commercial forest, like industrial
Unit of tree farm and agro-forestry projects
coordination with
Monkayo provide extension services to the BLGUs and DENR
through the Poblacion, beneficiaries of forest development 3 personnel
Municipal Monkayo projects and render assistance to seek support from the
Environment the natural resources of forest private sector
and Natural conservation and utilization
Resources Office activities
(MENRO)
recommend to the Sanggunian and
advise the Local Chief Executive on
all matters relative to the
protection, conservation, maximum
utilization, application of
appropriate technology and other
matters related to the environment
and natural resources
front-line of delivery of basic
agricultural services such as
prevention and control of plant
Local diseases and pests and maximize
Government crop productivity
Unit of coordination with
Monkayo Poblacion, provide extension work on the BLGUs, Provincial
5 personnel
through the Monkayo dissemination of new technologies Agriculturist Office,
Municipal on farming and DENR
Agriculture
undertake shared responsibilities in
Office (MAGRO)
the sustainable management of
forest land resources through agro-
forestry
RA 7160
Provincial implements environment and

Government of natural resources policies, programs
and
Compostela
projects in the province
Valley through
Cabidianan, coordination with
the Provincial establish, maintain, protect and 1 personnel
Nabunturan MLGU and DENR
Environment preserve communal forests,
and Natural watersheds, tree parks, greenbelts
Resources Office and similar forest projects and
(PENRO) commercial forest, like industrial
tree farms and agro-forestry
projects
collaboration and 15 personnel
Poblacion, jurisdiction over municipal FFL cooperation for that can
DENR-CENRO through E.O. 192
Monkayo managing forest provide
resources with BLGUs technical
responsible for the implementation and people’s assistance on
of DENR policies, programs, project organization GIS mapping,
and nursery and
activities and the enforcement of plantation
ENR laws and regulations in the establishment,
community level surveying,
community
assure the availability and
mapping,
sustainability of the municipalty’s
community
forest resources through judicious
organizing in
use and systematic restoration or
preparation of
replacement, whenever possible
FLUP
increase the productivity of forest
resources in order to meet the
growing population’s demands for
forest resources
enhance the contribution of forest
resources towards achieving
economic and social development
promote equitable access to forest
resources for the different sectors
of the population in the
municipality
Both DENR and MENRO is beset by legal, technical, financial, and human resources constraints
that hinder the pursuit of its ENR objectives. However, there are many external strengths, opportunities
and resources (human, technical and financial) that can be tapped to overcome some of these
constraints. Opportunities exist to further improve the FFLs management by encouraging and enticing
other government agencies and private sector to participate more actively in forest management and
development, viz:
a. The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). The NCIP co-manages

forestland to ensure its protection and preservation; jointly undertake the recognition,
registration and confirmation of the Traditional and Indigenous Forest Resources
Management Systems and Practices of ICCs/IPs fount to be sustainable as part of their
cultural practices and traditions; adhere to customary laws and traditions and recognize
indigenous knowledge in the allocation and management of forest and forestland;
recognizes the rights of the ICCs/IPs preferential rights to benefit from the natural
resources found within their ancestral domains; helps in the institutionalization of the
traditional and culturally driven sustainable forest resource management system and
practices, policies, and customary laws of ICCs/IPs; and formulates appropriate policies
consistent with IPs knowledge which define their culture and existing customary laws and
traditions.
b. Barangay Local Government Units (BLGUs). The BLGUs of Awao, Banlag, Baylo, Casoon,
Haguimitan, Inambatan, Macopa, Mamunga, Mt. Diwata, Naboc, Olaycon, Pasian, Rizal,
Salvacion, San Isidro, San Jose, Tubo-tubo and Upper Ulip declare subwatershed areas for
preservation and protection; monitors forest activities that is destructive to FFL; assists in
the delineation of protection and production forest areas; coordinates with CENRO in the
implementation of National Greening Program and Barangay Forest Program; and
participates in tree planting/ growing activities.
c. Civil Society Organizations. CSOs are signatories on the projects to be implemented in
the forestland areas, supports and participates reforestation program, watershed
preservation and protection; and a helping-hand in any development endeavour of the
government.
d. Multi-Sectoral Representatives/Marginalized Groups. These includes farmers, illegal
loggers, small-scale miners, timber poachers, youth, women, basic and higher education
institutions, students, cooperatives, and other stakeholders. They participate in any tree
planting activities and join in any forest management program to rehabilitate and bring
back the glory of forestland areas; make initiatives on environmental preservation; guard
on forest encroachment; supports government projects in the preservation and protection
of forestland areas and subwatershed, and join in all community education and public
awareness campaigns.
e. Protective Services. These include Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National
Police, and other volunteers to serve and protect the forestland areas; guard on forest
encroachment; perform in any environment/resource protection and multinational peace-
keeping operations as stated by the law; investigate and prosecute violations against
environmental laws and policies; and, join all community education and public awareness
initiatives.
5.5 Summary of Key Issues, Conflicts, Problems, Needs, Investment and Socio-Economic
Opportunities
There are various issues and concerns within the forestland which are identified by the
stakeholders and key informants from the 18 upland barangays during the community mapping and
series of consultation and from the results of situational and SWOT analysis. Assessment of strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a municipal FFL formed the basis for preparation of this Plan.
A municipal level SWOT analysis has been done based on an assessment of the status of various sectors
through series of consultation of the municipality. As shown in Table 40, it captured key strengths and
weaknesses that emerged from these consultations and also outlined some of the opportunities and
threats on the six FFL assets identified, namely: (1) forestland; (2) water bodies and subwatersheds; (3)
natural forest; (4) plantation/agro-forestry; (5) nature-based tourism; and, (6) biodiversity. This
workshop sought to identify some of the key strengths and weaknesses that characterized Monkayo’s
FFL assets, as well as some of the significant opportunities and possible threats that the municipal FFL
assets faced.
Forest provide a wide variety of social and economic benefits, ranging from easily quantified
economic values associated with forest products, to less tangible service and contributions to society.
Thus, there is increasing interest in the role that forests play in supporting the poor, in reducing their
vulnerability to economic and environmental shocks, and in reducing poverty.
The elaborated SWOT analysis provides the possibility to develop a set of tangible proposals
aiming to reinvigorate the FFL assets in Monkayo and to orient it in the right direction, in order to
contribute to the overall sustainable development of the municipality. The identified weaknesses and
threats will help to avoid the irrational use of available resources, in the same time contributing to the
strengthening of the FFL assets, reducing its vulnerability and dependence on external factors. Also,
the analysis revealed that if these upland barangay dwellers are to be willing, and economically able,
to involve themselves in sustainable forest management they must receive greater economic benefits
from conserving forests than from degrading them. Proper management of the FFLs improve local
economic welfare, and generate local economic benefits.
It is also believed that proper management of these assets enable investment climate for
private and other sectors to engage capital investments in forestry. The potential investment
opportunities include forest plantations for timber, non-timber, and high value crops such as cacao,
coffee and rubber, ecotourism, and renewable energy development.
Table 40
SWOT Analysis
FFL Asset Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
36,934.29 hectares of boundary conflict with intensification of lawless armed

forestland other municipalities and reforestation groups
province activities
34,433.60 hectares of
climate
ancestral domain overlapping of
availability of more change/climate
Monkayo CADT to
6,539.98 hectares national funding variability
Montevista and Laak
open access areas support or
both in Compostela
investment geological hazards
income generation/ Valley and Boston,
source of livelihood Davao Oriental
potential economic fluctuation in the
for the upland stability, better demands of timber
overlapping of CADT to
population quality of life of
A&D lands
employment of upland farmers, land claims by the
uncertainty of investors diversification of communities or
upland population in
agriculture and blatant timber theft livelihood indigenous
forest works across the municipality
over the last couple of potentials for security of land
community people improvement of the tenure, price of land
years; presence of
are empowered to indigenous and internal conflict
timber poachers and
manage trees with knowledge systems, within the
illegal loggers
secure tenure on technology transfer association or
publicly controlled forest land and forestry members
land encroachment education
firewood production illegal small-scale lack of outside
artisanal mining planting right trees support for forest
availability of basic at right places: management
activities
infrastructure (i.e. viable planting, studies and research
schools, health land use change developing activities
centers) and improved methods
construction of LGUs have low
Forestland of growing trees governance or
access roads to awareness about the
bureaucracy or
interior barangays CBFM Program
forest recreation or adverse political
and sitios/puroks negative attitudes of ecotourism intervention
strong will from the landholders development
communities and insecure tenure or
lack of viable alternative
local government in environmental uncertain harvest
livelihood options
managing the forest awareness on rights may
areas insecure land tenure sustainable forest discourage tree
management issues planting for harvest
source of food soil fertility decline
forest cover (open and enforcement of changes in

source of timber and
closed canopy) decline disaster risk government policies
forest products
reduction plans (i.e. or delays in all forms
rich in mineral eroded/denuded areas prevention of of support from
resources such as due to unsustainable disasters) both the national
gold and silver, i.e. farming system and local
Diwalwal Mineral poor state of transport new standards for governments
Reservation Area, infrastructure forest management
Mine Processing plans
Zone lack of finance and of
microfinance programs monitoring of
high value
Sustainable
commercial crops uncertain and complex
Development Goals
plantations/orchards government regulations
(SDGs) and
on going National lack of information, Philippine
Greening Program education and Development Plan
communication on environment
availed/granted with indicators
tenurial instrument
updating of new poor implementation of seminars and
Zoning Ordinance policies and guidelines trainings on all
livelihood sources
lack of monitoring and
will add to the
poor response to
existing knowledge
problems
and widen options
lack of funds for on suited livelihood
management plan source for every
and research studies member of the
community
lack of know-how (new
technologies
and tools for
sustainable forest
management)
indiscriminate use of
synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides
discordant program,
projects and activities
between national and
local government
agencies
slash and burn or

“kaingin” farming
system
needs updating of
municipal environment
code
limited human
resources especially the
forestry extension
officers
four subwatersheds turbid, contaminated protection, depleting freshwater

covering to and polluted rivers restoration and resources due to
67,541.82 hectares, means degraded water overall lack of resource
namely: Logom- quality as a result of environmental management and
Baobo, Upper mining and agricultural improvement of overuse
Agusan, Saug River processes Agusan river to
and Simulao attract tourist increasing levels of
outdated classification
subwatersheds activities water due to
of rivers/water bodies
inefficient
identified 211 rivers
lack of financial capacity prioritizing sewage drainage/sanitation
and creeks
to undertake PPAs and sanitation
municipal ordinance systems, which climate variability
poor infrastructure would reduce
on the protection of
Water bodies and facilities like sewerage, ground water and nutrient run-off
riparian and
subwatersheds drainage and solid surface water from farming with
watershed areas
waste management pollution the use of fertilizers
barangay ordinance coverage in the river systems
for watershed watershed
Agusan River becomes
protection characterization and riverbank erosion
waste disposal area of
source of irrigation banana plantation vulnerability that could lead to
water (i.e. rice especially with assessment using riparian land loss
farming and banana contaminated and Geographic and downstream
plantation) and other infested with disease Information System sedimentation
agricultural use banana trunks at brgy. and remote sensing problems; brings a
Babag and Mamunga heavy loss of
source of food (e.g. physical and
tilapia, hito and carp) some rivers has become natural resources
a wastewater drain from which make the life
households and is of people more
heavily polluted as a vulnerable
result of raw sewage
inflow and dumping of
solid waste and mining
wastes
causes flash flooding

during heavy rains
damaging life,
properties and
livelihood
lack of motivation from

the local government
like
food-for-work, incentive
and reward systems for
cleaning the rivers
laxed in the
implementation of laws
river became too

shallow due to heavy
siltation which is caused
by heavy and
uncontrolled
deforestation in upland
areas
6,821.07 hectares incomplete scientific possibility of new resistance to change

natural forest basis on accounting for income in of environmental
(excluding the nature’s intrinsic value structurally-weak practices
mineral zone) barangays
presence of timber
insufficient funding
decision-making poachers and illegal
alignment of local
process of the local loggers
policies and loss of political
government
shortage of forestry strategies in the interest
facilitates public
technicians and national framework
scrutiny and
professionals lack of institutional
encourages
Natural forest interests of off-site capabilty
effective public decline of forest cover stakeholders
participation (open and closed
forestry planning is canopy) policy awareness on
included or incorrect delineation of protection and
mainstreamed in the common territorial preservation
CDP and CLUP boundary strategies
local governments’
advocate and
communicate nature
conservation
source of income experienced grassfires existence of DENR climate change and
and generation of during dry spell and DA programs climate variability
employment and projects on
blatant timber theft
agroforestry change of
across the municipality
local farmers are government policies
over the last couple of
receptive and hard favorable political
Plantations/ years; presence of
workers environment population growth
agroforestry timber poachers and
illegal loggers
increased willingness of NGOs
agricultural high investment costs and corporation/
production and access to tree seeds business entities to
or seedlings fund farmer-related
and environmental
increased provision absence or inadequate preservation and
of environmental extension services and protection activities
services limited farmer
knowledge
existence of
lack of coordination of
community-based
agroforestry
forestry projects,
interventions
community-based
organizations and long time to get
partners benefits
indigenous small land size and

knowledge on competition with annual
agroforestry crops
too high expectations

among upland farmers
and landowners for
short-term benefits
discordant program,
projects and activities
between national and
local government
agencies
tenurial security
lack of documentation
and evaluation of the
indigenous agroforestry
systems
existence of vast lack of financing of the implementation of political

natural and tourism industry by the RA 9593 or Tourism support/structure
antrophogenic state Act of the
tourist resources Philippines lack of favorable
insufficient and
investment climate
some attractions are outdated legislative possibility of new
easily accessible by framework for tourism income in
low competitiveness
tourists regulation structurally-weak
of tourist offer
barangays
existence of lack of availabile
numerous NGOs and modern great potential for natural and
POs aiming to accommodation and the development of antrophogenic
promote the tourism catering units new forms of hazards that have a
development tourism, i.e. nature- negative impact on
reduced non-budgetary the tourist resources
based, eco-tourism,
positioning of funding (especially natural
agri-tourism
tourism as a priority resources)
Nature-based no office and plantilla
sector of the ensure Tourism
tourism officer in-charge or
municipal and Carrying Capacity population’s failure
needs creation of
barangay economy that the maximum to acknowledge the
permanent positions for
(revenue generation) number of people importance of
tourism officer in the
that may visit a protection of natural
influx of foreign and municipality
tourist destination and cultural heritage
domestic tourists in
weak infrastructure at the same time, and the economic
Awao Falls and
especially roads leading without causing advantages that can
Combilan Cave
to the tourist attraction destruction of the be achieved through
active use of physical, economic, the increase of value
undeveloped tourist socio-cultural
informational on these tourism
attractions environment and an
technologies and assets
internet for the low competitiveness of unacceptable
promotion of tourist sites in decrease in the
Monkayo as a tourist comparison to quality of visitors'
destination neighboring satisfaction
municipalities offer
income generation increasing number
as an alternative of projects of
source of income external assistance
especially to the for tourism
barangays development
sightings of wildlife illegal hunting of alignment with difficulty with
species wildlife animals and existing policies and interdisciplinary
plants established collaboration
biodiversity planning strategies among national and
dramatic biodiversity
is included or local agencies
loss
mainstreamed in increasing
CDP and CLUP incomplete scientific environmental funding could be
basis on accounting for awareness unstable or
nature’s (both flora and unreliable in the
fauna) intrinsic value long term
economics of mindset: people

biodiversity and think the forest is
ecosystem services have their personal park
not yet been
systematically
integrated into decision
Biodiversity making or planning at
any level
lack of biodiversity
managers in the
municipality
current understanding
on biodiversity is poor
illegal fishing on rivers

using of electricity
generated by dry cell
batteries
weak participation of
indigenous peoples and
upland dwellers in
protecting the wildlife
5.5.1. Problems, Issues and Needs
As presented in the SWOT analysis man-made threats and pressures from the inhabitants of
Monkayo may further destroy the remaining forest cover and watershed, therefore must be stopped.
It should be recognized that allowing these threats to prevail will results to various adverse
environmental impacts that may affect the local economy, properties and lives of the people of
Monkayo. These issues are the following;
a. Conversion of forestland to agricultural use - evident to the expanding agriculture in

the FFL is the vegetative conversion wherein forest trees are cut for unsustainable upland
farming like corn, banana, and vegetables production that heightened soil erosion and
usage of pesticides and herbicides. The underlying factors affecting the conversion of
forests to agriculture include population growth, agricultural development, land-tenure
security, and the governance of land-use change. An economic reform is deemed
necessary in helping increase food security while also maintaining or increasing forest
cover. Market-oriented agriculture policies, with social and environmental safeguards, will
help escalate productivity through increased investment, especially by the private sector,
without requiring expansion of agricultural land to boost production.
b. Dramatic decline of natural forest - communities close to the natural growth forest
intruded and encroached in the municipality’s forest cover. Some inhabitants in Monkayo
depended on forest products for their daily living. Timber poaching and charcoal making
are the major causes of forest degradation. These manifested the necessity for
employment and livelihood programs to redirect the interest and reliance from
uninhibited forest product utilization. Collection and pouching of wildlife affects the
biodiversity in the area. Construction of farm to market roads also facilitates the access to
forest resources and causes degradation of old growth forest. An effective land use
policies recognizing the full economic, social and environmental values of forests in the
municipality, including their role in delivering wider economic development and poverty
reduction programs.
c. Loss of biodiversity – Another effect of human activities in the FFL is the declining
biodiversity in the natural forest. Old local settlers attest that some of the flora and fauna
are gone now. The threat that the endangered species might be lost is disheartening and
at the same time alarming.
d. High poverty incidence – results from the CBMS (2016) survey revealed that the
municipality was also faced with a relatively high incidence of income poverty. In fact, 59.32
percent of all households in the municipality were classified as income poor, translating to
a total of 4,573 households. This means that there are roughly six income poor households
in every ten households in the municipality. CBMS data further showed that income poverty
is even worse for the forestland barangays. In fact, Barangay Awao recorded an income
poverty rate of 69.78 percent, which means that there are at least seven households in
every 10 households in the barangay which had no sufficient income to meet their basic
food and non-food needs. It is followed by San Isidro (68.97%), Haguimitan (64.40%) and
San Jose (63.13%). It must also be noted that 20 (out of 21) barangays in the municipality
had at least half of their households living below the income poverty threshold.
e. Weak law enforcement and complex legal frameworks – there are complexities in the
governance of land use change because of weak coordination between policies on forests,
agriculture, food, land use, rural development, water and climate change or there is
redundancy of the programs implemented. Available land use plan and zoning ordinance
is not updated and there is a need to integrate land use planning in creating a strategic
framework to balance competing land uses among stakeholders. For LGU-Monkayo, there
is unclear protocol or authority for the enforcement of regulations amd unclear policy and
operational support for the effective management of the protected areas. Consequently,
devolving forest management rights to local communities and smallholders helps improve
access to forest benefits, leading in turn to greater recognition of the value of forests.
Effective collaborative forest management requires that public institutions and community
organizations understand their roles and have the capacity to perform them.
f. Poor institutional arrangements – somewhat disconnected or weak collaboration and
linkages by and between government agencies, local communities, private sectors,
organizations and other concern agencies resulted to ineffective protection and
conservation of remaining forest and forestlands. Success in the implementation requires
a multipronged approach that includes coordinated policy development; secure land
tenure; effective law enforcement; targeted economic incentives to promote sustainable
agricultural intensification, sustainable forest management and social investment in rural
areas; strong stakeholder engagement; public–private partnerships; integrated land-use
planning; and adequate monitoring of land-use change. However, it should be emphasized
the importance of adequate funding for implementing policies and promoting sustainable
agriculture and forestry through legal and institutional frameworks and instruments.
g. Degradation of subwatersheds – quality and volume of water resources degrade
through time due to damage to watersheds. Flash floods, soil erosion during rainy season
and low water inflow during summer’s season are the end result of unhealthy
subwatersheds. The diminishing vegetative cover in the watersheds will ultimately result
to the scarcity of water for irrigation and domestic use.
h. Boundary conflicts both internal and external – in determining the actual and official
land area of the municipality, boundary conflicts play a vital role in decision-making.
i. Topographic location and geologic hazards – forest and forestlands is susceptible to
landslide based on CDRA results utilizing the maps provided by the Mines and Geosciences
Bureau.
As part of the Plan, it will be necessary to systematically review all future developments in the
identified subwatersheds that have implications for water resources management. There are likely to
be complex interrelated cumulative impacts and constraints, both beneficial and adverse that would
need to be investigated very carefully. The TWG suggests that there is a need for updating of water
classification in the municipality as it is designed to protect, restore and maintain water quality in the
municipality. With this, the implementation of water management actions for a water body or segment
of a water body will be enhanced. In addition, there is a need to intensify riverbank development
project through intensive river corridor planting and protection will provide significant long-term and
widespread benefits on the general health of the terrestrial ecosystem such as significant reduction in
the risks to lives and assets by reducing land loss, easement restrictions and the prevention of land
clearance for cropped agriculture along the river, and reduction in sand bank accretion.
On agroforestry practices in the FFL, it was observed that it is dictated mainly by the
socioeconomic needs of the people and secondarily by environmental concerns. There is a need to
reconcile development initiatives to restore, rehabilitate, and conserve resources in the uplands for the
sustainability not only of agriculture but also of the forest. Hiring of forest managers and conduct of
training for these extension and development workers on agroforestry systems and technologies,
technology development, promotion and utilization, and related policies and programs are needed,
and making sure to integrate indigenous agroforestry system. Also, it is important to review and
evaluation on the suitability of agriculture commodity recommendations for agroforestry systems in
multiple-use and buffer zones of watersheds and protected areas.
Nature-based tourism is considered as a viable tool in the process of sustainability
achievement, especially for Monkayo, as it can generate economic, social and environmental benefits.
With its vast potential for natural tourism as expressed by its various ecosystems, unique picturesque
landscapes and renowned hospitality of people represents an outstanding value and opportunity for
its adequate exploitation. The need to incentivize the development of the nature-based tourism
becomes even more evident in the context of environmental challenges Monkayo is facing: biodiversity
loss, environmental pollution, vulnerability to climate change, vulnerability to water scarcity, exposure
to such natural hazards as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and droughts.
5.5.2. Opportunities
While there are heaps of natural resources management issues in Monkayo, however, it has
also opportunities that can tapped and optimally used for its environmental and economic
advancement, that include;
a. Devolved forest management rights – local communities and landholders are delegated
in forest management to improve access to, and recognition of, forest benefits through
collaborative forest management. This will recognized among local communities of the
value of forests. As mandated by law, effective collaborative forest management requires
clear definition of the respective roles and responsibilities of public bodies and community
organizations and ensuring that they have the capacity to deliver.
b. Increased public investment on agriculture and forests – both national and local
governments appropriated public investment in sustainable agriculture and sustainable
forest management as part of, or complementary to, wider rural development program in
the municipality. Such investment, though small, focused on measures that catalyse private
investment; improve processing, distribution and marketing infrastructure; promote
innovation and best practices through research, development and extension; and develop
the capacity of producer and community organizations.
c. Potential tourist attraction – natural waterfalls, rivers, hot springs, mining trails and caves
present are potential opportunities for eco-tourism and recreational activities for the
municipality. These include Awao Falls, Magdagandang Falls, Dumano Falls, Sagay Falls,
and Paypayanon Falls are considered top destinations in the municipality. Combilan cave
is among the most visited attraction in Monkayo. There are three hot spring sites
monitored, i.e. Mainit Hot Spring, Ulip Hot Spring and Awao Hot Spring to be opened for
public.
d. Potential areas for agro-forestry and timber plantations – A total of 14,645.70 hectares
potential area for agro-forestry plantation and 8,489.74 hectares for reforestation
specifically located in the production forest zones. Most of the areas in below 50% steep
slopes are suitable for assisted natural regeneration and reforestation projects. It is also
encourage that indigenous species be planted in the area.
e. Expanded National Greening Program (NGP) – it aims to cover the remaining open,
degraded and denuded forest in the Philippines in accordance with the updated 2016-
2028 Master Plan for Forestry Development. Also, the government seeks to attract private-
sector investment in forestry-related undertakings like tree plantation and forest projects.
The analysis also revealed that engagement and participation of all stakeholders is key in
overcoming the weaknesses and threats and exploiting the strengths and opportunities. People in the
communities play an active role in all the decision-making process since planning, implementation,
activities, monitoring of the utilization of proceeds evenly, sustainability, and evaluation of long-term
influences, hence, the responsibilities to solve all problems of the community are shared together.
Governments (both local and national), NGOs, and other relevant institutions at the regional level are
all have the shared responsibility to solve problems. Lastly, provision of assistance is seen indispensable
in public education process. Assistance is not only concerned with the seedlings, livelihood and
trainings, but the attitude changing from unsustainable practices to an environmentally sound and
more balanced ecosystem.
5.5.3. Conflict
As shown in Figure 28, there are 15,829.09 hectares of municipal land area that is in territorial
dispute with neighboring municipalities that include 1,656.48 hectares of land in disagreement with
the Municipality of Laak, 1,464.91 hectares of land in conflict with the Municipality of Montevista and
12,707.71 hectares of land in dispute with the Province of Agusan del Sur. With the findings on the
alleged encroachment and overlapping on some parts of Monkayo, the involved governments uphold
its default ideological position that is maintaining the status quo because challenging the status quo
is associated with increased efforts and risks.
Also, the Conflict/Issues Map summarizes the major problems faced in Monkayo’s FFL assets
including contaminated water, grass fires, illegal hunting, peace and order, slash and burn, small-scale
mining, timber poaching and unsustainable farming system.
Figure 28. Conflict/Issues Map
Chapter 6
RECOMMENDED
STRATEGIES
6.1 General Strategies
The implementation of FLUP will promote active collaboration and partnership between the
DENR, Municipality of Monkayo, and other stakeholders for the effective management of forestlands,
as well as for the rehabilitation and protection of riverbanks and riparian areas within the
subwatersheds. Likewise, FLUP implementation complements with other existing forest management
initiatives by the BLGUs, MLGU, PLGU and DENR and shall be used to influence investments for forest
development and restoration. FLUP shall serve as the municipality’s contribution to sustainable
management and development agenda of the national government advocated in the Republic Act
7160, otherwise known as Local Government Code of 1991.
The recommendations and strategies outlined in this Plan sets the long-term program of the
Municipality of Monkayo to manage the forest and forestlands in a sustainable basis. Monkayo shall
manage its forest and other natural resource assets through strong collaboration and involvement with
local communities and various stakeholders to attain its vision that “by 2023, Monkayo is cleaner and
greener while quality of life of upland communities significantly improved”.
As such, the TWG is applying sustainable integrated subwatershed development and
participatory and responsive environmental governance as an overarching principle in implementing
the various strategies to achieve the development goals of this medium-term Plan. It will be
implemented within the municipal planning framework (see Figure 29) to improve understanding of
the local FFL and socio-economic situation in priority subwatershed.
In sustainable integrated subwatershed development, the development in the uplands shall
follow a watershed/subwatershed approach to develop sustainable agroforestry systems and
conservation in the context of sustainable use of the natural resources. It is holistic area-based planning
process that extends the government’s policy on sustainable natural resources management and
development activities. FAO (1986) defines watershed management as the process of formulating and
carrying out a course of action involving manipulation of natural, agricultural and human resources on
a watershed to provide resources that are desired by and suitable society, but under the condition that
soil and water resources are not adversely affected; and considers the social, economic and institutional
factors operating inside and outside the watershed.
Figure 29. Strategic Framework of Monkayo FLUP 2019-2023
The second principle applied in this Plan is participatory and responsive environmental
governance wherein in the private sector, non-government entities, and local communities are part of
the process of allocating scarce resources. It accommodates groups and communities in the process
of decision-making through consultations, community mapping, social and livelihood analysis. Civil
society organizations and local communities may move toward improving their structure of
collaboration with the government and arrangements among them to better and more quickly develop
a sectoral consensus on how they might contribute to environmental governance. Also, in this
participatory and responsive governance, it maintains that learning is essential to achieve good
environmental outcomes which is expected to lead to more environmentally oriented decisions, and
to foster the acceptance of decisions by stakeholders, and hence implementation and compliance.
The general strategies include (a) zoning, (b) allocation of open access forestlands, and (b)
prioritization of subwatersheds. To embark in these general strategies, these specific approaches are
streamlined, to wit: (a) delineation of protection and production forestlands completion; (b) effective
management in the protection of existing natural forests; (c) rehabilitation and development of
grasslands, brushlands and cultivated forestlands improvement; (d) conservation and development of
water production areas and biodiversity resources invigoration; (e) nature-based tourism development
promotion; (f) recognition of migrant occupants by CADT holder enforcement; (g) development of the
priority subwatershed expansion; (h) climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
management increase; and, (i) other support mechanism identification and maximization.
6.1.1 Zoning of the Forestlands
Zoning is the way the governments control the physical development of land and the kinds of
uses to which each individual property may be put. Zoning typically specify the areas in which
residential, industrial, recreational commercial activities or protection forest may take place. It is the
allocation scheme based on the context of satisfying the principle of human and ecological securities.
The protection zone which is comprised of 7,672.50 hectares in the municipality are those areas with
an elevation of above 1,000 masl, a slope of above 50%, existing closed canopy forest including those
sacred places of the four tribes exist in the municipality, i.e. Mandaya, Mangguangan, Manobo and
Dibabawon, rivers and creeks and river easement (40 meters each side). The production zone are those
areas with an elevation below 1,000 masl and a slope below 50% which will be delineated into agro-
forestry production zone with an allocation of 14,645.70 hectares and timber production zone with
8,489.74 hectares.
However, mineral zone shall be delineated which covers the Diwalwal Mineral Reservation Area,
proposed Mine Processing Zone and exploration sites with 6,126.35 hectares. No built-up area has
been proposed in the forest and forestlands of the municipality. Refer to Table 41 and Figure 30.
Table 41
Proposed Land Use in the Forestland
Protection Agro- Timber Mineral

Barangay Total
Zone Forestry Zone Production Zone Zone
Awao 1,768.82 2,691.46 - - 4,460.28

Banlag 381.86 937.67 - - 1,319.53
Baylo 586.91 493.35 1,802.51 - 2,882.77
Casoon 1,296.30 2,830.52 - - 4,126.82
Haguimitan 21.50 109.54 - - 131.04
Inambatan 39.20 115.79 - - 154.99
Macopa 311.50 564.57 - - 876.07
Mamunga 39.63 92.14 - - 131.77
Mt. Diwata - - - 811.08 811.08
Naboc 49.63 66.83 291.04 4.48 411.98
Olaycon 100.98 300.93 - - 401.91
Pasian 1,808.58 3,834.06 3,682.75 271.03 9,596.42
Rizal 338.11 267.75 1,830.16 - 2,436.02
Salvacion 379.15 439.55 684.01 899.97 2,402.68
San Isidro 45.02 429.62 - - 474.64
San Jose 274.24 977.89 - - 1,252.13
Tubo-tubo 104.06 255.73 125.69 595.80 1,081.28
Upper Ulip 127.01 238.30 73.59 3,543.98 3,982.87
Total 7,672.50 14,645.70 8,489.74 6,126.35 36,934.29
Source: MPDO, 2017
Figure 30. Proposed Land Use in the Forestland
6.1.2 Allocation of Open Access Forestlands
For open access areas, there is a need to close Allocation or putting onsite manager is
considered the first step in the sustainable management of the municipality’s forestlands. It legitimizes
and allow secured stewardship rights that puts incentives to tenure holders to make management
possible. As previously discussed, there are about 6,539.98 hectares or 17.71% of the total FFL in
Monkayo that are under open access situation. It is recommended that this area will be allocated with
applicable tenure.
Under this general strategy, there are three approaches that will be done:
a. Co-management agreement. Open access situation are in many ways
disadvantageous. The lack of onsite management invites more unsustainable practices
as no legitimate accountable group is tasked to protect and develop the forestlands. In
like manner, it presents foregone benefits both for the communities and local
government units because available opportunities to optimize the use of forest land
resources cannot be tapped with the absence of legal instrument to do it. There is a
need for partial devolution of management rights through co-management systems to
community members to improve efficiency of management and administration, and
increase equity and participation in municipality’s open access areas, thus, genuine
concern to assure the sustainable use of natural resources is assured. The tenure holder
is allowed to extract timber, provided it develops a management plan, prepares a
medium-term plan projecting the timber volume to be harvested over five years, and
applies for an annual resource use permit.
b. Delineation of area for tenure issuance. Survey and demarcation is important to
determine the actual limit and coverage of the area for tenure issuance for the effective
exercise of the local government and DENR responsibility during the implementation of
forest management activities. Delineation and demarcation will also avoid future
conflicts caused by overlapping claims. Conventional surveying usually entails huge
cost. An alternative would be for DENR and LGU to use a low-cost boundary
demarcation with community participation. Boundary sketch map prepared by the local
communities and certified by the concerned barangay councils for authenticity and
correctness can also help.
c. Assistance to tenure holders in improving forest management capacity and
capability. Tenure holders will be able to implement effective forest management if
they are organizationally mature, financially stable, and technically-equipped.
Assistance of barangay and municipal local government units and DENR will focus on
their weak areas identified during tenure holders’ assessment conducted by the
Technical Working Group. Assistance that can be provided include, among others, viz;
(a) link tenure holders to resource institutions to access trainings and/or financial
assistance in forest rehabilitations; (b) facilitate the preparation and approval of the
management plan; (c) provide or facilitate access to training; (d) facilitate formulation
of tenure holder policies and conflict resolutions mechanisms.
6.1.3 Prioritization of Subwatersheds
Land and water resources management is generally adopted at basin, sub-basin or watershed
level. Nevertheless, land degradation is a global phenomenon which results due to improper and
inexpedient utilization of watershed resources without any conservation work, which is more severe in
developing municipalities like Monkayo. Soil and water conservation are key issues in subwatershed
management in Monkayo. Subwatershed development program aim to conserve land and water
resources within a given territory. However, subwatersheds in the municipality alone vary in their area,
terrain characteristics, climate, topography, land use etc. and hence require prioritization to select
subwatersheds requiring immediate intervention for conservation of land and water resources.
Table 42 shows that Upper Agusan subwatershed emerged as the priority subwatershed which
contributed much to the municipality’s lowland and upland ecosystem. It serves as life support system
considering it covers 27,789.40 hectares of A&D and 22,580.78 hectares of forestlands. Simulao River
subwatershed and Saug River subwatershed are perceived to be the second and third priorities,
respectively. Logom-Baobo subwatershed is the least prioritized since it only covered 641.66 hectares
or 1.74% of the total forestland of the municipality.
Table 42
Watershed Prioritization
Upper Logom- Saug River Simulao
Barangay
Agusan SW Baobo SW SW River SW
Awao 2 1
Banlag 1 2
Baylo 1 2
Casoon 3 2 1
Haguimitan 1
Inambatan 1
Macopa 1
Mamunga 1
Mt. Diwata 1 2
Naboc 1
Olaycon 1 2
Pasian 1
Rizal 2 1
Salvacion 1 2
San Isidro 1 2
San Jose 1
Tubo-tubo 1
Upper Ulip 1 2
Average Score 1.22 2.00 1.75 1.67
Overall Rank 1st 4th 3rd 2nd
Moreover, subwatersheds are being prioritized based on the importance and general condition
using a set of parameters such as (1) biodiversity, (2) eco-tourism, (3) water production, (4) economic
value, (5) protection of lives and properties, (6) protection of infrastructure investments and (7) cultural
heritage during the workhop. The participants/stakeholders were grouped and assigned number to
the given criteria (i.e. 1 is the highest and 7 is the lowest) to reach a consensus in a systematic and
interactive process of estimation on the perceived importance of the given subwatersheds.
As shown in Table 40, the participants/stakeholders of rank protection of lives and properties
as the highest in Upper Agusan and Saug River subwatersheds. In Simulao River subwatershed, the
participants/stakeholders of rank the highest as the area may consist of the extent of natural forest
cover by subwatershed and the presence of rare/threatened species. On the other hand, the
participants/stakeholders rated cultural heritage with the least value. The TWG, however, reminded
that the preservation of culture and its heritage is important as it reflected and shaped values, beliefs,
and aspirations, thereby defining a people's identity. It is important to preserve the cultural heritage,
because it keeps the integrity as a people.
Watershed prioritization is one of the most important processes in natural resource
management system especially in areas of sustainable watershed development and planning. It is a
prerequisite to operationalize any major scheme as it allows the planners and policy makers to adopt
a selective approach considering the vastness of the catchment area, severity of the problems,
constraints of funds and manpower demands of the local and political system. The prioritization of
watersheds varies with the objectives of different schemes but the basic framework of watershed
remains the same.
Table 43
Prioritizing Subwatersheds based on its Uses or Utility
Upper Agusan Logom-Baobo Saug River Simulao River
Criteria subwatershed subwatershed subwatershed subwatershed
Average Average Average Average
Rank Rank Rank Rank
Score Score Score Score
Biodiversity 3.72 4 2.00 2 3.75 4 2.67 1
Eco-tourism 3.11 3 6.00 6 2.25 2 3.17 2.5
Water production 3.06 2 1.00 1 3.00 3 3.50 4
Economic value 3.83 5 4.00 4 4.25 5 4.50 5
Protection of lives and
2.44 1 3.00 3 2.00 1 3.17 2.5
properties
Protection of infrastructure
5.83 6 7.00 7 6.00 6 4.83 6
investments
Cultural heritage 6.00 7 5.00 5 6.75 7 6.17 7
Conversely, the TWG agreed that there is a need for a more robust quantitative and scientific
investigations with the knowledge and intentions of local stakeholders of these subwatersheds such
as: Sediment Yield Index (SYI), Runoff Potential Index (RPI) Models and Morphometric Analysis. The
SYI amd RPI methods used soil erosion and sediment yield point of view through reconnaissance
surveys, soil and land use surveys, sediment observations, and Remote Sensing methods while the
Morphometric analysis requires delineation of all existing streams of the subwatershed.
6.2 Specific Technical Strategies

The design and choice of an appropriate upland and forest development program entails
examining the nature and the intended or unintended consequences of past and ongoing activities. It
starts with a rapid assessment of the status of the target community resources and the available local
and external support in the area to determine the felt needs and priorities of the people. In addition,
dialogues with government agencies and other stakeholders are helpful in determining factors
contributing to the success or failures that are external to the communities. More importantly,
sustainability is a required element of most development programs.
Although there have been successes in program implementation, a number of forestry
initiatives seem to have been short of their target outputs and have not addressed poverty and
resource degradation too successfully. Combining the two principles, below is the enumeration of the
speficic technical strategies that the TWG and stakeholders perceived to be essential, to wit:
6.2.1 Complete delineation of protection and production forestlands

 create sound policy frameworks at the local level, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive
development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions
 policy reforms and institutions development for the harmonization of forest and other
policies, in-depth review of policies, consultations, dissemination, and updating;
capacitation of forestry institutions
 develop doable strategies that enhances local decision and policy makers' capacity to
evaluate a range of agricultural and environmental management alternatives
 integration of the Plan in the Comprehensive Barangay Development Plan, Comprehensive
Development Plan and Comprehensive Land Use Plan
 prioritization/watershed integrated land use plan including the forest boundary delineation
and mapping also complete the delineation of municipal waters; clearly demarcate the
high-value conservation areas that need proper management (protection zones) from
areas for private sector investment (production zones)
 strengthen the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office by hiring technical
personnel and providing appropriate capability development
 strengthen the Municipal Agriculture Office by hiring technical personnel and providing
appropriate capability development
 no Habitation Policy within protection zone
 implementation of No Build Zone policy in areas where building of infrastructure, except
critical facilities, should not be permitted because of their exposure to landslides and
flooding
 transfer of all gold-ore-crushing and processing facilities to the Mineral Processing Zone
in Sitio Mebatas, Upper Ulip
 strengthen environmental and social safeguards for mineral resources development;
strictly enforce existing laws, rules and regulations in the mining industry
 Establishment of Categorized Final Disposal Facility or sanitary landfill, improvement of
central/municipal Material Recovery Facility and barangay MRFs
 raise investments in research and development for production and post-harvest
technologies
 characterization of groundwater resources
6.2.2 Effectively manage the protection of existing natural forests

 tenure and allocation instruments for open access areas
 emforcement of forest policies to support forest land allocation
 effectively manage protected areas through ecosystem restoration, as well as implement
the demarcation and zoning to avoid encroachment into protected areas
 establishment of buffer zones or greenbelt which is an invisible line designating a border
around the protected forest, preventing development of the area and allowing wildlife to
return and flourish
 enforcement of forestry laws and other enabling policies
 establishment of check-points both in entrance and exit
 establishment of look-out tower
 deputation of forest guards by DENR
 mobilization of anti-timber poaching task force
 strengthen the implementation of multi-sectoral forest protection
 strengthen the enforcement of mining laws
 reforestation projects in partnership with DENR
 conduct regular inspection and monitoring on wood processing plant and lumber dealers
 intensify Community Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) within the upland barangays
 community mobilization is also directed to raising people's consciousness and influencing
their values, attitudes, and practices to reverse forest degradation
 take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna
and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
 reverse the loss of forest cover by continuing to rehabilitate degraded forestlands,
including critical watersheds, and strengthening protection of remaining natural forests
 encourage planting of indigenous species/ forest trees within the protection zone
6.2.3 Improve rehabilitation and development of wooded grasslands, and cultivated

forestlands
 restore and rehabilitate unproductive or abandoned agricultural land, deforested

grasslands, brush lands, barren areas, and in understocked or degraded forests
 seed collection and seedling production efforts should be made to collect seeds and other
propagative material from a diverse range of native plants in the barangay
 establish and expand existing municipal and barangay nurseries and to maximize the
success of planting operations may include the following: (a) assess the number, quality
and species of seedlings available in nurseries and ready for planting; (b) harden off
seedlings in the nursery; (c) demarcate planting plots in the field, mark existing natural
regeneration, prepare planting lines and planting holes, and slash weeds on planting lines
to ground level; (d) water seedlings and transport them to the planting site, along with
planting equipment and materials; (f) brief stakeholders on planting plans and agree on
the roles of all stakeholders; and, (g) develop a schedule of works and assign
responsibilities for implementing the planting operation
 operationalization of existing forest nursery and establishment of additional forest
nurseries
 3Rs (Reclamation, Rehabilitation and Restoration) Program of cultivated forestlands thru
planting on deforested or degraded areas
 Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Program
 establishment of man-made pocket forest (Provincial Ordinance No. 46-2017) in all
barangays in order to promote tourism, aesthetic, well-balanced and clean ecology
 generate priority technologies and information on forest use, as well as verification,
piloting and commercialization of the technologies resulting to economically feasible,
socially acceptable and environmentally sound and technology-based enterprises
 expansion of agroforestry development programs for production forest and proper
utilization of natural resources
 adoption of sustainable upland agricultural production systems, conservation farming and
sloping lands technologies including the conduct of trainings on various technologies such
as Slope Agriculture Land Technology (SALT), conservation farming, agroforestry and
similar soil and water conservation measures and shall be applied in critical, erosive areas,
barelands and brushland areas
 capability development on diversified farming techniques such as organic farming, Sloping
Agricultural Land Technology (SALT), Natural Vegetation Strips (NVS) and diversified
Farming System (DFS) through the implementation of Package of Technology (POT)
 establishment of local/village level crop protection center (i.e. pest and disease diagnostic,
surveillance, monitoring, and quarantine) and intensify integrated pest management
system and good agricultural practices
 community-based engagement thru organizing and accreditation of farmers, small-scale
miners, and among others
 boost mining sector thru Minahan ng Bayan and rationalize its development without
sacrificing the people and environment
 providing hassle-free and interest-free crop loans to farmers to meet financial needs in
agriculture, animal husbandry and agroforestry, be it for your additional capital, production
increase, or operational expansion
 enhance the local research and extension programs and projects to be more responsive in
uplifting the standard of living of farmers and forest dwellers specifically transfer proven
technologies and other agricultural information to farmers to enable them to increase their
farm productivity
 develop effective re-greening programs and projects, and preservation of the environment
in the municipality through community education and public awareness
 building the capability of the peoples’ organizations is an important element as they do
not have the technical skills to perform the tasks related to effective forest management,
organizational and financial management
6.2.4 Invigorate conservation and development of water production areas and
biodiversity resources
 river bank rehabilitation by establishment of vegetative measures through Bamboo Eco-

Neighborhood Development (BEND) project; integrated tree planting along
riverbanks/river bank rehabilitation that reduce the risk of flooding
 delineation, characterization and reclassification of major rivers and creeks to strengthen
the implementation of watershed management plan
 conduct of scientific quantitative investigation on watershed delineation and prioritization
 develop ordinances, policies and guidelines for water conservation, allocation, recycling
and reuse; and, rain water collection small water impoundments nd mini dams to address
water shortage and flooding
 implementation and sustenance of Oplan Sagip Naboc River
 routinary desilting and/or dredging of Manat River and Agusan River to clear the
waterways and fervent flash flooding by removal of sediments and debris from the bottom
of rivers and creeks
 assessment of waterfalls for potential hydropower development (renewable energy source)
 review and streamline existing water resources management and institutional structure and
policies
 develop and implement a comprehensive ground water management program that
includes vulnerability assessment
 incorporate risks from climate change and climate variability in water, sanitation and flood
protection planning
 completion of Cambilawa Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP); rehabilitation of Small
Farm Reservoirs (SFRs); and, provision of alternative micro-water purification systems in the
waterless and impoverished puroks
 conduct water resource supply and demand analysis under various hydrologic conditions
and climate scenarios
 improve hydromet infrastructure and monitoring systems for data collection and
management and the development and delivery of information, products and services to
increase flood resilience
 expand the establishment of alternative micro-water purification systems especially to
areas that cannot be reached by safe water supply
 sustain the implementation of RA 9003 and Ecological Solid Waste Management (ESWM)
ordinance
 design and build the municipal drainage system and flood control master plan
 protected area and biodiversity conservation programs
 establishment of wildlife rescue center and database network on wildlife, genetic
biodiversity and biosafety
 support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and
sanitation management especially the implementation of integrated water, sanitation and
hygiene (IWASH)
 ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to
enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
6.2.5 Promote nature-based tourism development

 assessment and classification of caves and waterfalls in partnership with DENR
 formulation of Cave and Waterfalls Development Management Plan (i.e. Combila cave,
Awao cave, Awao Falls, Magdagandang Falls, Sagay Falls and Paypayanon Falls)
 formulate agro-eco-tourism development plan in partnership with Department of Tourism
and Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Training Institute and development of
identified agro-eco tourism sites including the Agusan River Cruise
 ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for
sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
 develop and implement tools to monitor sustainable development impacts for sustainable
tourism that creates jobs and promotes local culture and products
 creation of jobs thru promotion of local culture and tradition and its indigenous products
6.2.6 Enforce recognition of migrant occupants by CADT holder

 revise and delineate to resolve the overlapping issues on CADT area with A&D
 harmonize the ADSDPP of Mandaya, Manobo, Dibabawon and Mangguangan tribes in the
Forest Land Use Plan 2019-2023
 come up with appropriate tenure and management arrangement to establish
accountability of communities in the management of forestlands and protected areas,
while allowing them to enjoy economic returns
 IPO shall share in the protection and conservation of forest
 provide livelihood and support facilities to the upland barangays
 all development projects within the CADT area will secure Free and Prior Informed Consent
(FPIC) as it is as an important standard Indigenous People can use to claim their rights to
self-determination, consultation, and participation in decision-making and give them
entitlement to effectively determine the outcome of decision-making that affects them,
not merely a right to be involved
 Certificate of occupancy will be issued to migrant occupants within the CADT area based
on the community rules and policies set forth by the United Tribal Council of Elders (UTCEL)
and pursuant to RA 8371 or the IPRA law
 intensify CEPA on RA 8371 within the CADT area
6.2.7 Expand development of the priority subwatershed

 enforcement of policies in environmental protection guided with DENR regulation
 reforestation and tree-growing activities activities
 study, design, and develop guidelines for implementing Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM) and climate change adaptation at local and subwatershed level
 river bank rehabilitation
 delineate protection and production zones
 completion of Cambilawa Small Water Impounding Project (SWIP) in Cambilawa,
Inambatan
 rehabilitation of communal irrigation systems and small water irrigation systems
 strengthen the implementation of multi-sectoral forest protection
6.2.8 Increase climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction management
 increase adaptive capacities and resilience of ecosystems
 enact/implement ordinances and policies to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases
(GHGs), or absorption of GHGs especially in agriculture, industry and transportation sectors
 apprise the municipal climate investment programming is the systematic identification and
prioritization of climate programs, projects and activities, and matching these with financial
resources, to be implemented within a specified time frame
 strengthen the implementation of the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
(LDRRMP)
 updating of Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA)
 implementation the Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) that is integrated in the
CDP, CLUP and other sectoral development plans and is consistent with the National
Framework Strategy on Climate Change and the National Climate Change Action Plan
 apprise municipal climate investment programming in the Annual Investment Program
(AIP) to synchronize the investment programming processes with the budget process
 develop formal and non-formal training programs on climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction
 provide insurance protection to farmers against losses arising from natural calamities, plant
diseases and pest infestations
 construct/repair/rehabilitate national communal irrigation systems, small water irrigation
systems, dams and water storage systems to manage changes in water cycle due to climate
change and climate variability
 develop innovative financing mechanisms to provide seed capital for the implementation
of CCA among farmers, upland dwellers, indigenous peoples and other peoples’
organizations
 sustenance of Sustainable Livelihood Program in providing capability- building program
for poor, vulnerable and marginalized families and individuals in acquiring necessary assets
to engage in and maintain thriving livelihoods in the upland setting that help improve their
socio-economic conditions
 support to international and national campaigns that promote climate change adaptation
and mitigation (e.g. Earth Day, Earth Month, Arbor Day, Environment Month)
6.2.9 Identify and maximize other support mechanism

 capacity-building and training through professional education and training, extension
support services and the strengthening of municipal research capabilities as it is essential
for improving planning, management and technical decision-making on forest restoration
and rehabilitation and to enable organizations to understand and respond to the priority
needs and aspirations of stakeholders
 strengthen the implementation of the Peace and Order and Public Safety (POPS) Plan
 settlement of the boundary disputes within the barangays, and adjacent municipalities and
provinces
 research into the following areas will be given priority: (a) ways in which rural people
currently use forest and farm trees, and to what extent they are dependent on them for
their food security; (b) methods by which existing patterns of cultivation could be improved
to produce higher quality timber and non-timber products; (c) techniques for arresting
land degradation and preventing soil damage using trees or agroforestry methods; (d)
methods of sustainable agricultural production that maximize the use of natural nutrients
and reduce the need for fertilizers and pesticides; (e) the ecology of different plant and
animal species, and techniques for their sustainable production; (f) the identification,
conservation and management of under-exploited species; (g) the effect of forest and trees
on groundwater and rainfall availability for agriculture; and (h) the sustainable
management of forests for multi purpose uses
 review, codify, and streamline existing environment and natural resources policies, rules
and regulations to improve compliance, address conflicting provisions, and promote
transparency and accountability
 encourage business entities to integrate social and environmental concerns in their
business operations and interactions with their stakeholders thru their corporate social
responsibility
 upgrade existing roads or road network construction and land preparation for the
relocation site of the mining community
 support local special bodies and volunteer workers on agricultural and environmental
management such as Task Force Kalikasan, Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
Council, Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Management Council, Municipal Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council and Barangay Agriculture Volunteer Technicians
 identify and support of measures and structures that will promote peace and build trust
and interaction among lawless groups to avoid conflict
 strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through international support to
developing countries, to improve domestic capacity for tax and other revenue collection
 encourage and promote effective public, public-private and civil society partnerships,
building on the experience and resourcing strategies of partnerships
 substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all forms
 develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
 ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels
 promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development
 strengthen cooperation and alliance among the higher levels of the government, foreign
institutions, NGOs, POs and private sectors
 develop awards and incentive system for the best implementers of various environmental
programs and causes
Chapter 7
ORGANIZATIONAL
STRUCTURE AND
OPERATIONS IN
SUPPORT OF FLUP
IMPLEMENTATION
7.1 Creation of the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Council (MENRC)
The Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Council (MENRC) shall be created through
an Executive Order. The MENRC shall be one among the Local Special Bodies to serve as advisory of
the Local Chief Executive and the Sangguniang Bayan Committee on Environment and Natural
Resources Management. The establishment of the council is requisite in setting up accountability and
responsibility center in FLUP implementation and necessary element of good environmental
governance consistent with the development agenda of the municipality. The council shall monitor the
adherence of FLUP implementation in strengthening local institutional capacity for forest management
and allowing strong collaboration and partnership between and among stakeholders.
The MENRC shall be a multi-sectoral body and headed by the Local Chief Executive. It shall
compose of representatives from local offices of the municipal government and national agencies that
concerns the planning and management of environment and natural resources, Sanguniang Bayan
committees on environment, agriculture, planning and land use, Punong Barangays of forestal
barangays, NGO and Civil Society Organizations’ that operates in the municipality, which at the same
process have concern in the management and development of forest and forestland resources, the
tenure holders, indigenous peoples organization and other stakeholders. Refer to F
Additionally, the MENRO shall act as the secretariat of the MENRC who shall include in its
annual budget the expenses to be incurred in the operation of the council.
Figure 31. MENRC Organizational Structure
The Municipal ENR Council will have the following functions:

1. Assess, monitor, evaluate and provide direction in the implementation of Forest Land
Use Plan (FLUP) of Monkayo;
2. Set-up a mechanism for resolving existing and emerging conflicts in allocation of
forest and forestlands;
3. Assist in the formulation of policies for the granting of tenure instruments prior to the
issuance by DENR and NCIP;
4. Assist in the monitoring of illegal activities within the forest and forest land areas, e.g.
timber poaching, irresponsible mining;
5. Support in the operation of multi-sectoral forest protection committee;
6. Recommend resolutions and ordinances to the Sangguniang Bayan of Monkayo and
such other offices as to effectively implement the FLUP and sustainably manage the
forests of Monkayo;
7. Act as advisory council to the DENR-Region XI, the Executive and Legislative
department in the implementation of FLUP;
8. Assist in the identification, fund generation, technical assistance and other alternative
livelihood in upland communities;
9. Conduct community education and public awareness (CEPA) and other forestry related
activities;
10. Formulate plans, programs and policies in environmental management;
11. Provide support in generating environmental awareness among stakeholders and
other constituents;
12. Perform such other functions necessary to effectively support sustainable forest
management in Monkayo.
7.2 Strengthening of MENRO

The MENRO through Municipal Ordinance No. 2017-21 (Annex F) shall be strengthened by
funding the newly created positions and providing then with capacibility development program on
environment and natural resources development and management. It shall serve as the development
arm of the Local Government Unit in putting the effective and efficient management of forest and
forestlands. Together with the Municipal Planning and Development Office, MENRO shall dispense the
overall technical and administrative functions in implementing FLUP programs and projects. It will be
an informative body of the LCE and the Sangguniang Bayan in implementing FLUP programs and
projects and other activities related to upland development. Changes and development of the plan
shall be updated to the above mentioned body which will require major decisions and actions.
The MENRO’s responsibility in relation to FLUP implementation particularly in spearheading
the protection, rehabilitation, development and management of forests and forestlands starting in
priority watersheds are the following:
1. Preparation, review, validation, and implementation of the Forest Land Use Plan in
collaboration with DENR-XI and other relevant national agencies and bureaus;
2. Provide necessary extension services, personnel, and other logistical support for the
preparation, review, validation, legitimization, approval and implementation of FLUP,
especially with regards to remuneration, administrative control and incidental
expenses incurred by the FLUP;
3. Facilitate in the integration of FLUP in the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP)
and Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the Municipality of Monkayo;
4. Set up an internal monitoring and evaluation system to ensure an effective and
efficient system of FLUP implementation;
5. Facilitate trainings and capability development to land tenure holders to capacitate
them on FFL management;
6. Facilitate the processing and issuance of tenure/allocation instruments or similar
agreements to qualified claimants, peoples’ organization, and other qualified
stakeholders;
7. Facilitate in the promulgating supporting ordinances and enabling policies in the
implementation of FLUP;
8. Conduct community education and public awareness (CEPA) campaign for the
enforcement of forestry rules and regulations, effective management of allocated
forestlands, rehabilitation of denuded forestlands, resource mobilization, and other
activities and functions;
9. Establish linkages and collaborate with concerned agencies, resource institutions and
various stakeholders (e.g. CSOs, private sector, business and professional sectors,
religious sector) for investment support and services to tenure holders and other
upland communities including the provision of alternative livelihood support;
10. Strengthen the multi-sectoral forest protection team for their effective regular
assessment, monitoring, and evaluation activities in FFL and tenured areas;
11. In collaboration with the Municipal Agriculture Office (MAGRO), educate and assist
tenure holders and other upland farmers in the adoption and practice of sustainable
farming techniques through the implementation of Package of Technology that is
protective of the watershed;
12. Provide regular update to the Local Chief Executive, Sangguniang Bayan, CENRO-
Monkayo, DENR-RO XI, and the MENRC on the FLUP implementation. It shall serve as
the MENRC Secretariat; and
13. Perform its regular functions pursuant to Section 17 of RA 7160 otherwise known as
the Local Government Code of 1991.
Figure 32 shows the proposed organizational structure of the Municipal Environment and
Natural Resources Office.
Figure 32. MENRO Organizational Structure
The organizational and functional structure of the Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office (MENRO) are the following:
1. Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer (MGDH 1) - supervises and

controls over the operation and administration of MENRO.
2. Administrative Section – plans, directs and coordinates personnel, record and
budgeting and other related administrative function; keeps control of the fund of the
office; prepares and controls proposed PPAs and allocated budget; plans, directs and
coordinates personnel of the records, assumes full responsibilities, custody and
safekeeping of records; supervises procurement of supplies and materials, prepares
inventory report of all government properties.
3. Environmental Management Section - implement plans, programs & ordinances
pertaining to natural resources management of the municipality; coordinates with the
concerned government agencies in the implementation of FLUP 2019-2023 policies;
monitors regularly the implementation of FLUP 2019-2023 PPAs and other related
works; conducts various researches related to effective implementation of the Plan;
maintains data bank and management information system on environment and
natural resources; coordinates with other national offices in the delivery of the
information & education services on ENR; implements approved standard operating
procedures on mineral resources, extraction, utilization, and conservation; provides
technical assistance in the conduct of geological survey and mineral resources
assessment of the municipality; assists and facilitates issues permits to mineral
resources applicants; and, monitors and checks regularly the different action of mineral
resources permitees.
4. Solid Waste Management Section – implements RA 9003 and Municipal Solid Waste
Management Plan; designs and implements on effective environmental waste and
management system including solid waste collection and disposal; conduct regular
monitoring and inspection of different industrial and business establishments; design
pollution and waste management awareness program; and, design, improve and
develop existing land fill area of the municipal government.
In order to perform the position successfully and safely, the qualification standards set by the
Civil Service Commission (CSC) is being adopted. The following is the description of the minimum
requirements, viz:
Table 44
Qualification Standards
Salary Monthly Work
Position No. Eligibility Education Training
Grade Salary (PhP) Experience
3 years
Bachelor’s
experience in
degree in
environmental
Municipal Environment First grade Environment,
none and natural
and Natural Officer 1 24 75,065.00 or its Forestry,
required resources
(MGDH I) equivalent Agriculture or
management
any related
conservation
course
and utilization
Bachelor’s
4 hours of 1 year of
Environmental CS degree
1 15 27,478.00 relevant relevant
Management Specialist II Professional relevant to the
training experience
job
Bachelor’s
CS degree
Administrative Officer III 1 14 24,980.00 relevant relevant
Professional relevant to the
training experience
job
Bachelor’s
CS degree none
Planning Officer I 1 11 18,679.00 none required
Professional relevant to the required
job
Bachelor’s
CS degree none
Administrative Officer II 1 11 18,679.00 none required
Professional relevant to the required
job
CS Bachelor’s none
Administrative Officer I 1 10 17,310.00 none required
Professional degree required
relevant to the
job
completion of
Administrative CS Sub- 2 years
1 8 15,082.00 relevant relevant
Assistant II Professional studies in
training experience
college
must be able
none none
Administrative Aide I 3 1 9,961.00 to read and none required
required required
write
Chapter 8
PERIODIC
MONITORING AND
EVALUATION OF
FOREST LAND USE
PLAN 2019-2023
Effective implementation of the FLUP 2019-2023 calls for efficient coordination among
municipal and barangay governments, provincial government, national government agencies, civil
society organizations, private sectors and development partners. During the implementation period,
the efficiency and effectiveness of the various strategies and programs discussed throughout the Plan
will be monitored. Efficiency will be determined in terms of how the activities of the government, the
private sector, civil society, and development partners have been guided by the intended outcomes.
Effectiveness will be evaluated in terms of the extent to which the quality of life of upland communities
has improved.
In the monitoring and evaluation of the FLUP implementation, the Results Based Monitoring
and Evaluation (RBME) framework shall be used to give focus on the measurement of results that the
relevant stakeholders expect to achieve in the implementation of the plan. RBME is a management tool
designed to measure how well the involved players are performing based on the results expected from
the implementation of the plan. The evaluation mechanism shall involve an assessment of a planned,
ongoing or completed intervention to determine its relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and
sustainability. The intent is to incorporate lessons learned into the decision-making process.
To help ensure that the pertinent provisions of this Plan are strictly and faithfully observed, the
MENRC shall meet quarterly and shall conduct annual Plan Implementation Review (PIR) of the FLUP.
Periodic assessment of forest cover shall be done in the same manner. The council shall create a
Monitoring Committee that will supervise the implementation of FLUP. The Municipal Government of
Monkayo will collaborate with DENR and other key stakeholders in the conduct of quarterly monitoring
and evaluation and year-end assessment and evaluation of tenured areas using the agreed indicators
of performance. The multi-sectoral and periodic monitoring and evaluation of the performance of all
holders of tenure instruments shall be done based on the approved resource management plan and
annual work plan.
FLUP must be monitored and evaluated so that it can be revised whenever necessary. It will
showcase the impact and effectiveness of the plan especially to the upland communities. It will cut cost
and streamline PPAs by showing the management strategies that work and does not work. Monitoring
and evaluation also strengthen the FLUP capacity to contribute evidence-based knowledge to the LGU
and its constituents.
Ultimately, communication and stakeholder engagement will be important to generate support
and cooperation among stakeholders and the general public. The MENRO will spearhed a
communication and engagement program, and work with CENRO-DENR to inform and actively engage
the stakeholders throughout the implementation period.
Chapter 9
ESTIMATED
FIVE-YEAR
FINANCIAL
REQUIREMENTS
FOR IMPLEMENTING
THE FLUP
Table 45
Estimated Five-Year Financial Requirements for Implementing FLUP
Unit of Responsible Schedule of Implementation
Performance Budget/Year
Programs/Projects/ Activities Location Work Quantity Agency/
Indicator (in Pesos) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Measure Organization
1. Complete delineation of protection and production forestlands
no. of plans
 Formulation and legitimization BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
Poblacion, Monkayo no. 1 formulated and 150,000.00 1
of Forest Land Use Plan DENR, UTCEL, CSOs
legitimized
no. of FLUP
 Integration and/or
integrated or
mainstreaming of FLUP to CDP Poblacion, Monkayo no. 2 50,000.00 MLGU-MPDO 2
mainstreamed to CDP
and CLUP and CLUP
no. of CBDP
mainstreaming of FLUP to upland barangays no. 18 360,000.00 Upland BLGUs 8 5 5
integrated with FLUP
Comprehensive BDP
no. of incorporated
 Incorporate forest rehabilitation forest rehabilitation
BLGUs, MLGU-
into proposed barangay and Poblacion, Monkayo no. 22 to barangay and 1,100,000.00
MPDO
11 6 5
municipal land use planning municipal proposed
land use plan
no. of approved
 Approval of the updated BLGUs, MLGU-SBO,
Poblacion, Monkayo no. 1 municipal 10,000.00 1
municipal Environment Code MENRO, CSO
Environment Code
no. of hectares
 Delineation of Forest Protection DENR-MGB, PLGU,
upland barangays has. 388.12 delineated for forest 50,000,000.00 65 65 65 65 63.12
Zone MLGU, BLGU, NCIP
protection zone
 Delineation of Forest no. of hectares
DENR-MGB, PLGU,
Production Zone (agroforestry upland barangays has. 39,371.79 delineated for 25,000,000.00
MLGU, BLGU, NCIP
9,843 9,843 9,843 9,842.79
and timber production) production zone
no. of hectares DENR-MGB, PLGU,
 Delineation of Proposed
upland barangays has. 6,466.35 delineated for mineral 10,000,000.00 MLGU, BLGU, NCIP, 1,294 1,294 1,294 1,294 1,290.35
Mineral Processing Zone PMDC, NEDA
zone
 Assessment or characterization no. of activities MLGU, DENR, DA-
all barangays no. 8 1,000,000.00 1 2 2 2 1
of groundwater resources conducted BSWM
 Quantitative investigation on no. of subwatersheds DENR, PLGU, MLGU
subwatershed delineation and upland barangays no. 4 delineated and 1,000,000.00 (MPDO, MonCAST, 1 1 1 1
prioritization investigated MAGRO)
no. of pocket forests

 Delineation of Pocket Forest 21 barangays no. 21 delineated and 500,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, PLGU 5 5 6 5
maintained
 Strengthening of MENRO LGU-Monkayo MLGU
a. Hiring of Personnel LGU-Monkayo MLGU
i. Municipal Environment
and Natural Resources LGU-Monkayo SG 24 1 no. of personnel hired 5,433,900.00 MLGU 1
Officer (MGDH 1)
ii. Environmental
LGU-Monkayo SG 15 1 no. of personnel hired 1,061,208.00 MLGU 1
Management Specialist II
iii. Administrative Officer III LGU-Monkayo SG 14 1 no. of personnel hired 971,280.00 MLGU 1
iv. Planning Officer I LGU-Monkayo SG 11 1 no. of personnel hired 248,148.00 MLGU 1
v. Administrative Officer II LGU-Monkayo SG 11 1 no. of personnel hired 496,296.00 MLGU 1
vi. Administrative Officer I LGU-Monkayo SG 10 1 no. of personnel hired 926,880.00 MLGU 1
vii. Administrative Assistant II LGU-Monkayo SG 8 1 no. of personnel hired 819,936.00 MLGU 1
viii. Administrative Aide 1 LGU-Monkayo SG 1 3 no. of personnel hired 1,435,320.00 MLGU 1 1 1 1
b. Maintenance and Other
Operating Expenses LGU-Monkayo
(MOOE)
no. of seminars,
i. Travelling Expenses LGU-Monkayo 100 meetings, workshops 250,000.00 MLGU 15 20 20 20 25
attended
ii. Training and Seminar no. of trainings and
LGU-Monkayo 60 220,000.00 MLGU 5 10 15 10 20
Expenses seminars attended
amount (in pesos) of
various office supplies
iii. Office Supplies Expenses LGU-Monkayo PhP 75,000.00 (e.g. bond paper, ball 75,000.00 MLGU 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00
pen, ink, notebooks,
etc.) per year
iv. Fuel Oil and Lubricants
LGU-Monkayo liter 20,000 no. of liters 1,000,000.00 MLGU 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00 4,000.00
Expenses
v. Agricultural Supplies LGU-Monkayo PhP 50,000.00 50,000.00 MLGU 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00
various agricultural
supplies (e.g. seeds,
fertilizers, pesticides,
etc.) per year
telephone
vi. Telephone Expenses LGU-Monkayo PhP 1,000.00 60,000.00 MLGU 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00 12,000.00
subscription
allocation per month
vii. Internet Subscription
LGU-Monkayo PhP 1,300.00 internet subscription 78,000.00 MLGU 15,600.00 15,600.00 15,600.00 15,600.00 15,600.00
Expenses expenses per month
no. of participants
viii. Representation Expenses LGU-Monkayo no. 700 119,000.00 MLGU 140 140 140 140 140
(PhP 170.00/pax)
no. of resource
persons hired and
ix. Other Professional
LGU-Monkayo no. 20 given with 100,000.00 MLGU 4 4 4 4 4
Expenses
professional fee
(PhP 1,200.00/hour)
amount of electrical
x. Electricity Expenses LGU-Monkayo PhP 2,000.00 120,000.00 MLGU 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00 24,000.00
bill per month
no. of heavy
xi. Repair and Maintenance equipment
LGU-Monkayo unit 3 5,000,000.00 MLGU 3 3 3 3 3
of Heavy Equipment maintained and/or
repaired
c. Capital Outlay (CO) LGU-Monkayo
no. of desktop
i. Desktop computer with computer with
LGU-Monkayo unit 4 180,000.00 MLGU 1 1 1 1
complete accessories complete accessories
procured
no. of laptop
ii. Laptop computer with computer with
LGU-Monkayo unit 3 105,000.00 MLGU 1 1 1
complete accessories complete accessories
procured
amount of fixtures
iii. Office Fixtures and and furniture
LGU-Monkayo PhP 90,000.00 MLGU 10,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00
Furniture allocation per year to
be procured
no. of water
iv. Water distribution line
Haguimitan no. 5 distribution line 10,000,000.00 MLGU 5
installation at Eco-Park
installed
v. Improvement of Central
Haguimitan unit 1 no. of MRF improved 15,000,000.00 MLGU 1
MRF
vi. Establishment of amount (PhP)
categorized final disposal allocated per year for
Haguimitan PhP 10,000,000 50,000,000.00 MLGU 10M 10M 10M 10M 10M
facility or Sanitary Landfill the establishment and
(SLF) completion of SLF
no. of agricultural
 Strengthening of MAGRO LGU-Monkayo SG 16 1 1,282,000.00 MLGU 1 1 1
engineer hired
 Enforcement of No Habitation declared protection
zones
no. 1 policy enforced - BLGU, MLGU 1 1 1 1 1
policy
 Enforcement of No Build Zone
declared no build zone no. 1 policy enforced - BLGU, MLGU 1 1 1 1 1
policy
all gold processing
 Operationalization of the plants in Mt. Diwata PMDC, DENR, NTFD,
Mebatas, Upper Ulip no. 2,000 -
MLGU, PLGU
1,500 500
Mineral Processing Zone transferred at
Mebatas, Upper Ulip
 Generate awareness on the no. of activities or
MLGU (MPDO,
declared protection and all barangays no. 25 awareness campaigns 127,500.00
MENRO)
5 5 5 5 5
production forests conducted
no. of barangay MRF
 Rehabilitation, expansion and
rehabilitated,
maintenance of Barangay all barangays no. 21 210,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 21 21 21 21 21
expanded and
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) maintained
2. Effective management in the protection of existing natural forests
 Intensify community no. of CEPA
education and public conducted on
awareness on effective 18 upland barangays no. 90 effective 450,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, CSO 18 18 18 18 18
management of protected management of
areas protected areas
no. of greenbelt or
 establishment of greenbelt or DENR, BLGU, MLGU,
18 upland barangays no. 18 green wedges 5,000,000.00 4 4 4 6
green wedges CSO
projects conducted
no. of checkpoints
 Establishment of checkpoints DENR, BLGU, MLGU,
18 upland barangays no. 18 (entrance and exit) 7,000,000.00 4 4 4 6
(entrance and exits) PLGU, UTCEL
established
 Deputation of Forest Guards no. of designated
18 upland barangays no. 36 1,080,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 36 36 36 36 36
(Bantay Gubat) forest guard
hired/assisted (two
forest guards per
barangay)
no. of quarterly
monitoring activities
 Mobilization of Anti-Timber MLGU, BLGU, DENR-
18 upland barangays no. 20 and meetings 1,000,000.00 4 4 4 4 4
Poaching Task Force CENRO, CSO
conducted (with
honorarium)
no. of timber
 Facilitate organization of local BLGU, MLGU, DENR-
18 upland barangays no. 2 poachers organized 30,000.00 1 1
timber poachers CENRO
and accredited
 Conduct regular inspection no. of bi-annual
and monitoring on wood regular inspection BLGU, MLGU, DENR-
municipal wide no. 10 30,000.00 2 2 2 2 2
processing plant and lumber and monitoring CENRO, CSO
dealers conducted
no. of activities
 Community mobilization to conducted to raise
people’s
raise people’s consciousness BLGU, MLGU, DILG,
municipal wide no. 10 consciousness and 85,000.00 2 2 2 2 2
and influencing their values, DepEd, CSO
influencing their
attitudes, and practices values, attitude, and
practices
no. of hectares co-
 Co-management with DENR- MLGU, DENR-
municipal wide has. 6,539.98 managed and 3,000,000.00 1,000 3,000 2,540
CENRO on open access areas CENRO
developed
3. Improve the rehabilitation and development of grasslands, brushlands, and cultivated forestlands
 Operationalization of existing
no. of nurseries
nurseries and establishment of
municipal wide no. 22 established and 2,400,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, CSO 22 22 22 22 22
additional municipal and
maintained
barangay nurseries
 3Rs Program (Reclamation,
Rehabilitation and no. of tree growing BLGU, MLGU, NGAs,
Restoration) of cultivated municipal wide no. 75 and reforestation 8,000,000.00 CSOs, other 15 15 15 15 15
forestlands thru planting on projects conducted stakeholders
deforested or degraded areas
 Seed collection of indigenous no. of indigenous
species and seedling 18 barangays no. 50,000 species and seedlings 2,000,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
production produced
no. of hectares
 Agroforestry development for BLGU, MLGU, DA,
municipal wide has. 17,055 developed for various 100,000,000.00 3,411 3,411 3,411 3,411 3,411
production forest DENR
agroforestry projects
no. of organized and
 Community-Based Timber accredited timber BLGU, MLGU,
18 barangays no. 2 - 1 1
Harvesting agreement poacher groups inked DENRO
with DENR
 Establishment of
demonstration farm on
organic farming, Sloping no. of demonstration
Agricultural Land Technology farm on organic BLGU, MLGU, DA,
(SALT), Contour Farming municipal wide no. 4 farming, SALT, CFS, 500,000.00 CSOs, other 1 1 1 1
System (CFS), Natural NVS and DFS stakeholders
Vegetation Strips (NVS), and established

Diversified Farming System
(DFS)
 Conduct of Climate Farmers
no. of CFS and FFS BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
Field School using SALT, CFS, municipal wide no. 18 1,800,000.00
DA-ATI
1 4 4 4 5
conducted
NVS and DFS
no. of CBFM
 Community-Based Forest agreement
municipal wide no. 10 100,000.00 DENR-CENRO 10 10 10 10 10
Management (CBFM) Program maintained and
expanded
 Delineation, establishment no. of pocket forest
and declared municipal and municipal wide no. 22 delineated, declared 1,000,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, PLGU 4 18
barangay pocket forest and established
no. of Municipal Crop
 Establishment of Municipal Protection Center
Poblacion, Monkayo no. 1 3,000,000.00 MLGU, DA 1 1 1 1 1
Crop Protection Center constructed and
operational
 Intensify delivery and
adoption of pest management no. of seminars and
municipal wide no. 10 50,000.00 MLGU-MAGRO 2 2 2 2 2
technologies (PMTs) to upland trainings conducted
farmers
 Enhance extension services
and community education and no. of CEPA
conducted (e.g. radio
public awareness campaigns
program, barangay MLGU-MAGRO, DA,
thru Farmers Information and municipal wide no. 150 100,000.00
PLGU-PAGRO
30 30 30 30 30
technology caravan,
Technology Service Center, information
techno-caravans and radio dissemination at FITS
program at 95.7 RLG FM
 Facilitate organization of no. of upland farmers
MLGU-MAGRO, DA,
upland farmers and municipal wide no. 18 organized and 30,000.00
PLGU-PAGRO
2 3 5 5 3
farmworkers accredited
no. of small-scale
 Facilitate organization of MLGU-MENRO,
Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip no. 2 miners organized and 5,000.00 1 1
small-scale artisanal miners BLGU
accredited
no. of capability
 Capability building of the building activities
municipal wide no. 25 112,500.00 MLGU, CSOs, POs 5 5 5 5 5
peoples’ organizations designed and
conducted
no. of CEPA
 Community education and
conducted on MLGU, PMDC,
public awareness on Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip no. 5 125,000.00
DENR-MGB
1 1 1 1 1
sustainable and
sustainable mining responsible mining
 Declaration of Minahang
no. of hectares
Bayan (Republic Act 7076 or Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip,
Salvacion
no. 6,466.35 declared as Minahang - DENR 6,466.35
the People’s Small-Scale Bayan
Mining Act of 1991)
 Communal gardens such as
no. of communal
Gulayan sa Paaralan, Gulayan BLGU, MLGU, AFP,
municipal wide no. 100 gardens established 500,000.00 100 100 100 100 100
sa Barangay, Food Nursery DepEd, DA, DILG
and sustained
Project)
no. of livelihood
projects designed,
 Provision of alternative
municipal wide no. 20 approved and 10,000,000.00 MLGU-PESO, DOLE 4 4 4 4 4
livelihood opportunities implemented (start-
up kits)
 Provision of “interest-free” no. of farmers availed
municipal wide no. 25 5,000,000.00 MLGU-MAGRO 25 25 25
loans for upland subsistent interest-free loan
farmers (esp. perennial crops,
high value commercial crops)
4. Invigorate conservation and development of water production areas and biodiversity resources
amount (in pesos)
funded for the
 Bamboo Eco-Neighborhood MAGRO, MENRO,
riverbank
Development (BEND) Program municipal wide PhP 1,500,000 7,500,000.00 PENRO, DENR, PESO, 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000
rehabilitation and for DOLE, DOST
as riverbank protection the BEND project) per
year
 Delineation of major rivers no. of farmers availed
municipal wide no. 25 5,000,000.00 MLGU-MAGRO 25 25 25
and creeks interest-free loan
no. of major rivers
 Reclassification of rivers and
municipal wide no. 8 and creeks 100,000.00 DENR 4 4
creeks reclassified
 Implementation of no. of plan
BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
Subwatershed Management municipal wide no. 1 implemented and 100,000.00
DENR, DA
1 1 1 1 1
Plan updated
 Implementation of Integrated no. of plan
BLGU, MLGU, DOH,
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene municipal wide no. 25 implemented and 1,000,000.00
DILG
1 1 1 1 1
(IWASH) updated
no. of activities BLGU, MLGU, DENR,
 Oplan Sagip Naboc River Naboc no. 10 20,000,000.00
NFTD-PMCC
2 2 2 2 2
conducted
public awareness on water no. of CEPA
conducted on water
conservation, allocation,
municipal wide no. 5 conservation, 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 1 1 1 1 1
recycling and reuse including allocation, recycling
on improving water and and reuse program
sanitation management
 Rehabilitation of small farm no. of SFR monitored MLGU-MAGRO, DA-
municipal wide no. 80 300,000.00 80 80 80 80 80
reservoirs (SFRs) and rehabilitated BSWM
 Agro-meteorological Station no. of AWS installed,

MLGU, PLGU, DA,
and Automated Weather Poblacion, Monkayo no. 1 operational and 200,000.00
DOST
1
Stations (AWS) maintained
no. of desilting and
 Desilting and/or dredging of Manat River, Agusan
River
no. 2 dredging activities 20,000,000.00 MLGU, PLGU, DPWH 1 1
Manat River and Agusan River
conducted
no. of water resource
 Municipal water resource and and supply and
municipal wide no. 4 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 1 1 1 1
supply and demand analysis demand analysis
conducted
no. of alternative
 Alternative micro-water micro-water
municipal wide no. 10 1,000,000.00 MLGU 2 3 3 2
purification systems purification systems
installed
no. of assessment
activities and
 Assessment of waterfalls for calibration conducted
potential hydropower for the proposed
municipal wide no. 4 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, DOE 1 1 1 1
development (renewable hydropower
energy resource) development
(renewable water
source)
no. of Municipal
Drainage System and
 Municipal Drainage System Flood Control Master
municipal wide no. 1 78,000,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 1 1 1 1 1
and Flood Control Master Plan Plan prepared,
reviewed and
implemented
 Inventory and database no. of inventory
network on wildlife flora and municipal wide no. 5 conducted and 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 1 1 1 1 1
fauna (biodiversity resources) database maintained
no. of Wildlife Rescue
 Establishment of Wildlife
Haguimitan no. 1 Center constructed 1,500,000.00 MLGU 1
Rescue Center
and operational
5. Promote nature based tourism development
no. of waterfalls
 Assessment and classification BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
Haguimitan no. 15 assessed and 200,000.00 5 5 5
of caves and waterfalls DENR, DOT
classified
no. of plan prepared,
 Agro/Eco Tourism BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
municipal wide no. 1 reviewed and 100,000.00 1 1 1 1
Development Plan DOT, CSO
implemented
no. of seminar and
 Promotion of agri-tourism and
workshops conducted
eco-tourism to potential local municipal wide no. 2 20,000.00 MLGU, DA-ATI, DOT 1 1
for potential local
operators operators
no. of plan prepared,
 Development of Cave and BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
municipal wide no. 1 approved and 100,000.00 1 1 1 1
Waterfalls Management Plan DENR, DOT
implemented
 Development of Awao Falls,
Awao, Pasian, Salvacion, no. of waterfalls BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
Magdagandang Falls, Sagay Baylo
no. 4 4,000,000.00
DENR, DOT, CSOs
1 1 1 1
developed
Falls, and Paypayanon Falls
no. of feasibility
Olaycon, Poblacion, San study/development
 Development of Agusan River BLGU, MLGU, PLGU,
Jose, Baylo, Haguimitan, no. 1 plan prepared, 1,500,000.00 1 1 1 1
Cruise DENR, DOT
Rizal, Pasian reviewed and
implemented
no. of activities
conducted in the
 Provision of relevant provision of relevant
information and awareness for information and
sustainable development and municipal wide no. 20 awareness for 50,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, DOH 4 4 4 4 4
lifestyles in harmony with sustainable
nature development and
lifestyles in harmony
with nature
no. of jobs created or
 Creation of jobs and
generated for the
promotion of local culture and municipal wide no. 150 - MLGU-PESO, CSOs 10 30 30 30 50
promotion of local
products culture and products
6. Enforce recognition of migrant occupants by CADT holder
 Interfacing of tenure holders no. of activities or BLGU, MLGU, DENR,
18 upland barangays no. 18 100,000.00 2 3 5 5 3
within CADT holders consultation conducted UTCEL, NCIP
no. of plan
 Harmonization of ADSDPP to barangays covered with BLGU, MLGU, BTCEL,
no. 1 harmonized to - 1 1
FLUP CADT UTCEL, NCIP
municipal plan
 Enforcement of the
RA 8371 or
implementing rules and
barangays covered with Indigenous People’s BLGU, MLGU, BTCEL,
regulations of Indigenous CADT
-
UTCEL, NCIP
1 1 1 1 1
Rights Act diligently
Peoples’ Rights Act or enforced
Republic Act No. 8371
no. of consultations
 Conduct consultation and barangays covered with BLGU, MLGU, BTCEL,
no. 20 on FPIC conducted or - 2 5 3 5 5
secure Free and Prior CADT UTCEL, NCIP
organized
Informed Consent (FPIC) with
the IPs for all development
projects to be implemented in
CADT area
7. Expand development of the priority subwatershed
 Study, design and
development of integrated no. of plan developed
municipal wide no. 1 50,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 1 1
water resources management and legitimized
(IWRM)
 Completion of Cambilawa
no. of SWIP
Small Water Impounding Cambilawa, Inambatan no. 1 5,000,000.00 MLGU, DA 1 1
completed
Project (SWIP)
 Rehabilitation of communal Awao, Naboc, Tubo- no. of communal
tubo, Naboc, Rizal, irrigation system and
irrigation systems (CIS) and MLGU, DA-BSWM,
Salvacion, Union, no. 8 small irrigation 10,000,000.00 2 2 2 2
small water irrigation systems NIA
Inambatan, Haguimitan, projects repaired or
(SWIS) Olaycon rehabilitated
8. Increase climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction management
no. of GHG inventory
 Conduct Greenhouse Gas conducted to be an
municipal wide no. 1 500,000.00 MLGU, DILG 1
(GHG) inventory input to LCCAP
updating
no. of population and
100,000
 Rapid Community-Based households 100,000;
municipal wide no. population 2,500,000.00 MLGU, NAPC, DILG
Monitoring System completely 25,000
25,000 HHs
enumerated
 Updating of Climate and
Disaster Risk Assessment municipal wide no. 1 no. of CDRA updated 150,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 1 1
(CDRA)
 Implementation and updating
of Local Climate Change municipal wide no. 1 no. of plan updated 25,000,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, PLGU 1 1
Action Plan (LCCAP)
 Implementation of Local no. of plan
Disaster Risk Reduction and municipal wide no. 1 implemented and 25,000,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, PLGU 1 1 1 1 1
Management Plan (LDRRMP) updated
 Apprise municipal climate
no. of PPAs tagged
investment programming in
LGU-Monkayo no. 300 for climate change - MLGU 300 300 300 300 300
the Annual Investment
expenditure
Program (AIP)
 Massive barangay-based DRR-
CCA community education no. of CEPA and
MLGU, PLGU, BLGU
and public awareness and municipal wide no. 21 service caravans 30,000,000.00
and other NGAs
21 21 21 21 21
support to medical and social conducted
services caravan
 Capacity Development
no. of trainings
Program (formal and non- municipal wide no. 60 1,500,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 12 12 12 12 12
conducted
formal training)
no. of farmers
granted with interest-
 Farm Inputs Credit Assistance 20 agricultural
barangays
no. 40 free agricultural loan 2,000,000.00 MLGU-MAGRO 40 40 40 40 40
Program (FICAP)
payable within 120
days
no. of applicants
 Self-Employment Assistance
municipal wide no. 200 granted with capital 1,000,000.00 MLGU-MAGRO 20 50 50 50 30
Program (SEAP)
assistance
no. of livelihood
 Sustainable Livelihood programs designed,
municipal wide no. 10 3,000,000.00 MLGU, DSWD, CSOs 2 2 2 2 2
Program reviewed and
implemented
 Conduct of various
international, national and no. of international,
national and local
local environmental events
municipal wide no. 40 environmental events 500,000.00 MLGU, DSWD, CSOs 8 8 8 8 8
(e.g. Earth Day, Araw ng
organized/ conducted
Kalikasan, Arbor Day, annually
Environment Month, etc.)
9. Identify and maximize other support mechanism
no. of PPAs
 Implementation of POPS plan municipal wide no. 50 200,000,000.00 MLGU, DSWD, CSOs 10 10 10 10 10
implemented
 Road network construction linear no. of linear meters
Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip 10 120,000,000.00 PTFNR, DPWH, DILG 3 3 3 1
and land preparation for the kilometers concreted
relocation site of the mining
community
 Allocate funds for amount (in pesos)
PMDC, F.F. Cruz and
infrastructure development 18 upland barangays PhP 3,000,000.00 allocated for CSR 15,000,000.00
Co., OZ Metals
3M 3M 3M 3M 3M
and CSR projects initiatives annually
 Monitor and evaluate the
no. of projects
implementation of various
monitored and
programs and projects by municipal wide no. 150 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, PLGU 30 30 30 30 30
evaluated by MPMC
individual departments and annually
agencies
 Support to Task Force no. of meetings
municipal wide no. 20 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 4 4 4 4 4
Kalikasan conducted
 Support to Municipal
no. of meetings
Environment and Natural municipal wide no. 20 100,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 4 4 4 4 4
conducted
Resources Council operations
Ecological Solid Waste no. of meetings
Management Council conducted
operations
 Support to Municipal Disaster
Risk Reduction and no. of meetings
operations
no. of barangay
 Support to Barangay
agriculture volunteer
Agriculture Volunteer municipal wide no. 21 3,780,000.00 BLGU, MLGU, PLGU 21 21 21 21 21
technicians assisted
Technicians annually
 Awards and Incentive System no. of barangays,
for the Best implementing schools and
municipal wide no. 50 5,000,000.00 BLGU, MLGU 50 50 50 50 50
barangays, schools and households awarded
households annually
Table 46
Gantt chart of the Implementation of the Identified Programs, Projects, and Activities
Budget Schedule of Implementation
Programs/Projects/Activities Location
(in PhP) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
 Formulation and legitimization of Forest Land Use Plan Poblacion, Monkayo 150,000.00
 Integration and/or mainstreaming of FLUP to CDP and
Poblacion, Monkayo 50,000.00
CLUP
 Integration and/or mainstreaming of FLUP to
upland barangays 360,000.00
Comprehensive BDP
 Incorporate forest rehabilitation into proposed barangay
Poblacion, Monkayo 1,100,000.00
and municipal land use planning
 Approval of the updated municipal Environment Code Poblacion, Monkayo 10,000.00
 Delineation of Forest Protection Zone upland barangays 50,000,000.00
 Delineation of Forest Production Zone (agroforestry and
upland barangays 25,000,000.00
timber production)
 Delineation of Proposed Mineral Processing Zone upland barangays 10,000,000.00
 Assessment or characterization of groundwater resources all barangays 1,000,000.00
 Quantitative investigation on subwatershed delineation
upland barangays 1,000,000.00
and prioritization
 Delineation of Pocket Forest 21 barangays 500,000.00
 Strengthening of MENRO LGU-Monkayo
a. Hiring of Personnel LGU-Monkayo
i. Municipal Environment and Natural Resources
LGU-Monkayo 5,433,900.00
Officer (MGDH 1)
ii. Environmental Management Specialist II LGU-Monkayo 1,061,208.00
iii. Administrative Officer III LGU-Monkayo 971,280.00
iv. Planning Officer I LGU-Monkayo 248,148.00
v. Administrative Officer II LGU-Monkayo 496,246.00
vi. Administrative Officer I LGU-Monkayo 926,880.00
vii. Administrative Assistant II LGU-Monkayo 819,936.00
viii. Administrative Aide 1 LGU-Monkayo 1,435,320.00
b. Maintenance and Other Operating Expenses (MOOE) LGU-Monkayo
i. Travelling Expenses LGU-Monkayo 250,000.00
ii. Training and Seminar Expenses LGU-Monkayo 220,000.00
iii. Office Supplies Expenses LGU-Monkayo 75,000.00
iv. Fuel Oil and Lubricants Expenses LGU-Monkayo 1,000,000.00
v. Agricultural Supplies LGU-Monkayo 50,000.00
vi. Telephone Expenses LGU-Monkayo 60,000.00
vii. Internet Subscription Expenses LGU-Monkayo 78,000.00
viii. Representation Expenses LGU-Monkayo 119,000.00
ix. Other Professional Expenses LGU-Monkayo 100,000.00
x. Electricity Expenses LGU-Monkayo 120,000.00
xi. Repair and Maintenance of Heavy Equipment LGU-Monkayo 5,000,000.00
c. Capital Outlay (CO) LGU-Monkayo
i. Desktop computer with complete accessories LGU-Monkayo 180,000.00
ii. Laptop computer with complete accessories LGU-Monkayo 105,000.00
iii. Office Fixtures and Furniture LGU-Monkayo 90,000.00
iv. Water distribution line installation at Eco-Park Haguimitan 10,000,000.00
v. Improvement of Central MRF Haguimitan 15,000,000.00
vi. Establishment of SLF Haguimitan 50,000,000.00
 Strengthening of MAGRO LGU-Monkayo
 Enforcement of No Habitation policy declared protection zones
 Enforcement of No Build Zone policy declared no build zone
 Operationalization of the Mineral Processing Zone Mebatas, Upper Ulip
 Generate awareness on the declared protection and
all barangays 127,500.00
production forests
 Rehabilitation, expansion and maintenance of Barangay
all barangays 210,000.00
Material Recovery Facility (MRF)
 Intensify community education and public awareness on
18 upland barangays 450,000.00
effective management of protected areas
 Establishment of greenbelts or green wedges 18 upland barangays 5,000,000.00
 Establishment of checkpoints (entrance and exits) 18 upland barangays 7,000,000.00
 Deputation of Forest Guards (Bantay Gubat) 18 upland barangays 1,080,000.00
 Mobilization of Anti-Timber Poaching Task Force 18 upland barangays 1,000,000.00
 Facilitate organization of local timber poachers 18 upland barangays 30,000.00
 Conduct regular inspection and monitoring on wood
municipal wide 30,000.00
processing plant and lumber dealers
 Community mobilization to raise people’s consciousness
and influencing their values, attitudes, and practices
 Co-management with DENR-CENRO on open access
municipal wide 3,000,000.00
areas
 Operationalization of existing nurseries and
establishment of additional municipal and barangay municipal wide 2,400,000.00
nurseries
 3Rs Program (Reclamation, Rehabilitation and
Restoration) of cultivated forestlands thru planting on municipal wide 8,000,000.00
 Seed collection of indigenous species and seedling
18 barangays 2,000,000.00
production
 Agroforestry development for production forest municipal wide 100,000,000.00
 Community-Based Timber Harvesting agreement 18 barangays
 Establishment of demonstration farm on organic farming,
Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT), Contour
Farming System (CFS), Natural Vegetation Strips (NVS),
and Diversified Farming System (DFS)
 Conduct of Climate Farmers Field School using SALT, CFS,
NVS and DFS
 Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Program municipal wide 100,000.00
 Delineation, establishment and declared municipal and
barangay pocket forest
 Establishment of Municipal Crop Protection Center Poblacion, Monkayo 3,000,000.00
 Intensify delivery and adoption of pest management
technologies (PMTs) to upland farmers
 Enhance extension services and community education
and public awareness campaigns thru Farmers
Information and Technology Service Center, techno-
caravans and radio program at 95.7 RLG FM
 Facilitate organization of upland farmers and
farmworkers
 Facilitate organization of small-scale artisanal miners Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip 5,000.00
 Capability building of the peoples’ organizations municipal wide 112,500.00
 Community education and public awareness on
Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip 125,000.00
sustainable mining
 Declaration of Minahang Bayan (Republic Act 7076 or the Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip,
People’s Small-Scale Mining Act of 1991) Salvacion
 Communal gardens such as Gulayan sa Paaralan, Gulayan
sa Barangay, Food Nursery Project)
 Provision of alternative livelihood opportunities municipal wide 10,000,000.00
 Provision of “interest-free” loans for upland subsistent
farmers (esp. perennial crops, high value commercial municipal wide 5,000,000.00
crops)
 Bamboo Eco-Neighborhood Development (BEND)
Program as riverbank protection
 Delineation of major rivers and creeks municipal wide 5,000,000.00
 Reclassification of rivers and creeks municipal wide 100,000.00
 Implementation of Subwatershed Management Plan municipal wide 100,000.00
 Implementation of Integrated Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene (IWASH)
 Oplan Sagip Naboc River Naboc 20,000,000.00
 Community education and public awareness on water
conservation, allocation, recycling and reuse including on municipal wide 100,000.00
improving water and sanitation management
 Rehabilitation of small farm reservoirs (SFRs) municipal wide 300,000.00
 Agro-meteorological Station and Automated Weather
Poblacion, Monkayo 200,000.00
Stations (AWS)
 Desilting and/or dredging of Manat River and Agusan
Manat River, Agusan River 20,000,000.00
River
 Municipal water resource and supply and demand
analysis
 Alternative micro-water purification systems municipal wide 1,000,000.00
 Assessment of waterfalls for potential hydropower
development (renewable energy resource)
 Municipal Drainage System and Flood Control Master
Plan
 Inventory and database network on wildlife flora and
fauna (biodiversity resources)
 Establishment of Wildlife Rescue Center Haguimitan 1,500,000.00
 Assessment and classification of caves and waterfalls Haguimitan 200,000.00
 Agro/Eco Tourism Development Plan municipal wide 100,000.00
 Promotion of agri-tourism and eco-tourism to potential
local operators
 Development of Cave and Waterfalls Management Plan municipal wide 100,000.00
 Development of Awao Falls, Magdagandang Falls, Sagay
Awao, Pasian, Salvacion, Baylo 4,000,000.00
Falls, and Paypayanon Falls
Olaycon, Poblacion, San Jose,
 Development of Agusan River Cruise 1,500,000.00
Baylo, Haguimitan, Rizal, Pasian
 Provision of relevant information and awareness for
sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with municipal wide 50,000.00
nature
 Creation of jobs and promotion of local culture and
municipal wide
products
 Interfacing of tenure holders within CADT holders 18 upland barangays
 Harmonization of ADSDPP to FLUP barangays covered with CADT 100,000.00
 Enforcement of the implementing rules and regulations of
barangays covered with CADT
Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act or Republic Act No. 8371
 Conduct consultation and secure Free and Prior Informed
Consent (FPIC) with the IPs for all development projects barangays covered with CADT
to be implemented in CADT area
 Study, design and development of integrated water
resources management (IWRM)
 Completion of Cambilawa Small Water Impounding
Cambilawa, Inambatan 5,000,000.00
Project (SWIP)
Awao, Naboc, Tubo-tubo,
 Rehabilitation of communal irrigation systems (CIS) and Naboc, Rizal, Salvacion, Union,
10,000,000.00
small water irrigation systems (SWIS) Inambatan, Haguimitan,
Olaycon
 Conduct Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory municipal wide 500,000.00
 Rapid Community-Based Monitoring System municipal wide 2,500,000.00
 Updating of Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) municipal wide 150,000.00
 Implementation and updating of Local Climate Change
Action Plan (LCCAP)
 Implementation of Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (LDRRMP)
 Apprise municipal climate investment programming in the
LGU-Monkayo
Annual Investment Program (AIP)
 Massive barangay-based DRR-CCA community education
and public awareness and support to medical and social municipal wide 30,000,000.00
services caravan
 Capacity Development Program (formal and non-formal
training)
 Farm Inputs Credit Assistance Program (FICAP) 20 agricultural barangays 2,000,000.00
 Self-Employment Assistance Program (SEAP) municipal wide 1,000,000.00
 Sustainable Livelihood Program municipal wide 3,000,000.00
 Conduct of various international, national and local
environmental events
 Implementation of POPS plan municipal wide 200,000,000.00
 Road network construction and land preparation for the
Mt. Diwata, Upper Ulip 120,000,000.00
relocation site of the mining community
 Allocate funds for infrastructure development and CSR
18 upland barangays 15,000,000.00
projects
 Monitor and evaluate the implementation of various
programs and projects by individual departments and municipal wide 100,000.00
agencies
 Support to Task Force Kalikasan municipal wide 100,000.00
 Support to MENR Council operations municipal wide 100,000.00
 Support to Municipal Ecological Solid Waste Management
Council operations
 Support to Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council operations
 Support to Barangay Agriculture Volunteer Technicians municipal wide 3,780,000.00
 Awards and Incentive System for the Best implementing
barangays, schools and households
Table 43
Annual Implementation Program CY 2019
Schedule of
Implementing Funding Funding Requirements (in Pesos)
Programs/Projects/Activities Implementation Expected Output
Office Source
Started Completed PS MOOE CO Total
one (1) plan
 Formulation and legitimization General Fund,
MPDO, MENRO January 2019 August 2019 formulated and 150,000.00 150,000.00
of Forest Land Use Plan LDRRMF
legitimized
 Integration and/or FLUP integrated or
mainstreaming of FLUP to CDP MPDO August 2019 December 2019 mainstreamed in General Fund 50,000.00 50,000.00
and CLUP CDP and CLUP
eight (8) CBDP
workshops
mainstreaming of FLUP to MPDO March 2019 December 2019 General Fund 160,000.00 160,000.00
conducted with
Comprehensive BDP FLUP integration
forest rehabilitation
 Incorporate forest
incorporated into
rehabilitation into proposed
BLGU, MLGU-MPDO March 2019 December 2019 proposed barangay General Fund 550,000.00 550,000.00
barangay and municipal land
and municipal land
use planning use plan
65 hectares of
 Delineation of Forest External
MPDO, MENRO August 2019 December 2019 forest protection 8,375,000.00 8,375,000.00
Protection Zone Source
zone delineated
1,294 hectares of
 Delineation of Proposed External
MPDO, MENRO August 2019 December 2019 proposed mineral 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00
Mineral Processing Zone Source
zone delineated
one (1) well
 Assessment or characterization External
MENRO August 2019 December 2019 assessed or 125,000.00 125,000.00
of groundwater resources Source
characterized
five (5) pocket
BLGU-General
 Delineation of Pocket Forest BLGU, MLGU January 2019 December 2019 forest declared and
Fund
119,000.00 119,000.00
delineated
 Strengthening of MENRO
a. Hiring of Personnel
i. Municipal Environment
one (1) MENR
and Natural Resources MENRO June 2019 December 2019 General Fund 543,390.00 543,390.00
Officer hired
Officer (MGDH 1)
one (1)
ii. Administrative Aide 1 MENRO June 2019 December 2019 Administrative Aide General Fund 215,298.00 215,298.00
1 hired
b. Maintenance and Other
Operating Expenses
(MOOE)
15 seminars,
meetings and
i. Travelling Expenses MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 37,500.00 37,500.00
workshops
attended
five (5) trainings
ii. Training and Seminar
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 and seminars General Fund 18,350.00 18,350.00
Expenses
attended
iii. Office Supplies office supplies
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 15,000.00 15,000.00
Expenses procured
iv. Fuel Oil and Lubricants 4,000 liters of fuel
Expenses procured
agricultural supplies
v. Agricultural Supplies MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 10,000.00 10,000.00
procured
telephone
vi. Telephone Expenses MENRO January 2019 December 2019 subscription General Fund 12,000.00 12,000.00
allocated monthly
internet
vii. Internet Subscription
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 subscription General Fund 15,600.00 15,600.00
Expenses expenses monthly
viii. Representation 140 participants
Expenses served
ix. Other Professional four (4) resource
Expenses persons hired
electricity bill paid
x. Electricity Expenses MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 24,000.00 24,000.00
monthly
three (3) heavy
xi. Repair and
equipment
Maintenance of Heavy MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 5,000,000.00 5,000,000.00
maintained or
Equipment repaired
c. Capital Outlay (CO)
one (1) desktop
computer with
i. Desktop computer with
MENRO October 2019 December 2019 complete General Fund 45,000.00 45,000.00
complete accessories
accessories
procured
ii. Office Fixtures and furniture/fixture
Furniture procured
iii. Establishment of
20%
categorized final sanitary landfill –
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 Development 10,000,000.00 10,000,000.00
disposal facility or phase 1 established
Fund
Sanitary Landfill (SLF)
 Enforcement of No no habitation policy
MENRO January 2019 December 2019
Habitation policy enforced
 Enforcement of No Build no build zone
Zone policy policy enforced
1,500 gold
processing
 Operationalization of the
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 transferred at
Mineral Processing Zone Mineral Processing
Zone
three (3) heavy
 Generate awareness on the
equipment
declared protection and MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 25,500.00 25,500.00
maintained or
production forests repaired
 Rehabilitation, expansion and 21 barangay MRF
20%
maintenance of Barangay rehabilitated,
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 Development 210,000.00 210,000.00
Material Recovery Facility expanded and Fund
(MRF) maintained
 Intensify community
18 CEPA conducted
on effective
awareness on effective MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 90,000.00 90,000.00
management of
management of protected protected areas
areas
21 barangay MRF
 Deputation of Forest Guards rehabilitated, External
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 1,080,000.00 1,080,000.00
(Bantay Gubat) expanded and Source
maintained
four (4) quarterly
monitoring
 Mobilization of Anti-Timber
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 activities and General Fund 200,000.00 200,000.00
Poaching Task Force
meetings
conducted
 Conduct regular inspection two (2) bi-annual
and monitoring on wood regular inspection
processing plant and lumber and monitoring
dealers conducted
two (2) activities
conducted to raise
 Community mobilization to
people’s
raise people’s consciousness
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 consciousness and General Fund 17,000.00 17,000.00
and influencing their values,
influencing their
attitudes, and practices values, attitude and
practices
 Co-management with DENR-
CENRO for government use
of Maite Communal Forest as
Pocket Forest
 Operationalization of existing
22 nurseries
nurseries and establishment
MENRO, MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 established and General Fund 1,440,000.00 960,000.00 2,400,000.00
of additional municipal and
maintained
barangay nurseries
 3Rs Program (Reclamation,
15 tree growing
Rehabilitation and
activities and
Restoration) of cultivated MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 1,600,000.00 1,600,000.00
reforestation
forestlands thru planting on projects conducted
 Seed collection of indigenous 10,000 of
species and seedling MENRO, MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 indigenous species General Fund 400,000.00 400,000.00
production seedlings produced
3,411 hectares
 Agroforestry development for developed for
MENRO, MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 LDRRMF 19,000,000.00 19,000,000.00
production forest agroforestry
projects
 Conduct of Climate Farmers
Field School using SALT, CFS, MAGRO October 2019 March 2020 one (1) CFS and FFS General Fund 100,000.00 100,000.00
NVS and DFS
10 CBFM
 Community-Based Forest
agreement
Management (CBFM) MENRO January 2019 December 2019 External Fund 10,000.00 10,000.00
maintained and
Program expanded
 Delineation, establishment
four (4) pocket
and declared municipal and MENRO, BLGU January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 182,000.00 182,000.00
forest established
barangay pocket forest
one (1) Municipal
 Establishment of Municipal Crop Protection
MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00
Crop Protection Center Center constructed
and operational
 Intensify delivery and two (2) trainings on
adoption of pest integrated pest
management technologies management
(PMTs) to upland farmers conducted
 Enhance extension services
and community education
and public awareness
campaigns thru Farmers
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 30 CEPA conducted General Fund 20,000.00 20,000.00
Information and Technology
Service Center, techno-
caravans and radio program
at 95.7 RLG FM
two (2) upland
 Facilitate organization of
farmers
upland farmers and MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 3,300.00 3,300.00
organization
farmworkers facilitated
five (5) capability
 Capability building of the building activities
MENRO, MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 22,500.00 22,500.00
peoples’ organizations designed and
conducted
one (1) CEPA
December conducted on
public awareness on MENRO General Fund 25,000.00 25,000.00
2019 sustainable and
sustainable mining responsible mining
 Communal gardens such as
100 communal
Gulayan sa Paaralan, Gulayan
MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 gardens established General Fund 500,000.00 500,000.00
sa Barangay, Food Nursery
and monitored
Project)
four (4) livelihood

 Provision of alternative
projects designed,
livelihood opportunities MAGRO, MSWDO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 500,000.00 500,000.00
approved and
implemented
riverbank
 Bamboo Eco-Neighborhood
rehabilitation
Development (BEND) MENRO, MDRRMO,
July 2019 December 2019 activities conducted LDRRMF 1,000,000.00 500,000.00 1,500,000.00
Program as riverbank MAGRO
and planted with
protection bamboo
 Implementation of one (1) plan
General Fund;
Subwatershed Management MENRO, MPDO January 2019 December 2019 implemented and
LDRRMF
100,000.00 100,000.00
Plan updated
one (1) plan
 Implementation of Integrated
MENRO, MDRRMO, prepared,
Water, Sanitation and January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
MHO, MPDO approved, and
Hygiene (IWASH) implemented
riverbank
rehabilitation
 Oplan Sagip Naboc River MENRO, BLGU January 2019 December 2019 activities conducted External Fund 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00
and planted with
bamboo
public awareness on water
conservation, allocation, one (1) CEPA
MENRO, MHO October 2019 General Fund 20,000.00 20,000.00
recycling and reuse including conducted
on improving water and
sanitation management
 Rehabilitation of small farm 80 SFRs monitored
MEO, MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 300,000.00 300,000.00
reservoirs (SFRs) and rehabilitated
one (1) Municipal
 Municipal Drainage System Drainage System LDRRMF; 20%
MENRO, MDRRMO,
and Flood Control Master MAGRO
July 2019 December 2019 and Flood Control Development 600,000.00 15,000,000.00 15,600,000.00
Plan Master Plan Fund
prepared, reviewed
and partially
implemented
one (1) inventory
 Inventory and database activity conducted
MENRO, MDRRMO,
network on wildlife flora and MAGRO
July 2019 December 2019 and one (1) General Fund 20,000.00 20,000.00
fauna (biodiversity resources) database
maintained
four (4) activities
conducted in the
 Provision of relevant provision relevant
information and awareness information and
for sustainable development MENRO, MHO July 2019 December 2019 awareness for General Fund 10,000.00 10,000.00
and lifestyles in harmony with sustainable
nature development and
lifestyles with
nature
10 jobs created or
 Creation of jobs and generated for the
promotion of local culture PESO, MTU January 2019 December 2019 promotion of local External Fund
and products culture and
products
two (2) activities or
 Interfacing of tenure holders
MPDO, MENRO January 2019 December 2019 consultation General Fund 11,200.00 11,200.00
within CADT holders conducted
one (1) plan
 Harmonization of ADSDPP to
MPDO January 2019 December 2019 harmonized to the
FLUP
municipal plan
 Enforcement of the
implementing rules and
RA No. 8371
regulations of Indigenous NCIP July 2019 December 2019
enforced
Peoples’ Rights Act or
Republic Act No. 8371
 Conduct consultation and
secure Free and Prior two (2)
Informed Consent (FPIC) with NCIP, MPDO, consultations on
July 2019 December 2019
the IPs for all development MENRO FPIC conducted and
projects to be implemented in organized
CADT area
 Study, design and
one (1) plan
development of integrated MPDO, MENRO,
January 2019 December 2019 studied, designed General Fund 50,000.00 50,000.00
water resources management WOU
and developed
(IWRM)
 Completion of Cambilawa 5,000,000.00
Small Water Impounding 20%
one (1) SWIP
Project (SWIP) MPDO, MENRO September 2019 April 2020 Development 5,000,000.00
completed Fund

 Implementation of Local one (1)
Disaster Risk Reduction and MDRRMO January 2019 December 2019 implemented and LDRRMF 10,000,000.00 15,000,000.00 25,000,000.00
Management Plan (LDRRMP) updated
 Apprise municipal climate
300 PPAs tagged
investment programming in
MPDO January 2019 June 2019 for climate change General Fund
the Annual Investment
expenditure
Program (AIP)
 Massive barangay-based
DRR-CCA community
education and public 21 service caravans
MDRRMO January 2019 December 2019 LDRRMF 30,000,000.00 30,000,000.00
awareness and support to conducted
medical and social services
caravan
 Capacity Development
12 trainings
Program (formal and non- MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 300,000.00 300,000.00
conducted
formal training)
40 farmers granted
 Farm Inputs Credit Assistance
MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 with interest-free Trust Fund 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00
Program (FICAP)
agricultural loan
20 applicants
 Self-Employment Assistance
MSWDO January 2019 December 2019 granted with capital Trust Fund 1,000,000.00 1,000,000.00
Program (SEAP)
assistance
two (2) livelihood
 Sustainable Livelihood programs designed,
MSWDO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 300,000.00 300,000.00
Program reviewed and
implemented
 Conduct of various
eight (8)
international, national and
international,
local environmental events
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 national, local General Fund 500,000.00 500,000.00
(e.g. Earth Day, Araw ng
environmental
Kalikasan, Arbor Day, events conducted
Environment Month, etc.)
10 PPAs
 Implementation of POPS plan MMO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 200,000,000.00 200,000,000.00
implemented
 Allocate funds for
projects/initiatives
infrastructure development MENRO January 2019 December 2019 External Fund 3,000,000.00 3,000,000.00
implemented
and CSR projects
 Monitor and evaluate the
implementation of various 30 projects
programs and projects by MPMC, MPDO January 2019 December 2019 monitored and General Fund 20,000.00 20,000.00
individual departments and evaluated
agencies
 Support to Task Force four (4) meetings
Kalikasan conducted
four (4) meetings
Environment and Natural MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 20,000.00 20,000.00
conducted
Resources Council operations
Ecological Solid Waste four (4) meetings
operations
 Support to Municipal Disaster
Risk Reduction and four (4) meetings
MDRRMO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 20,000.00 20,000.00
operations
21 barangay
 Support to Barangay
agriculture
Agriculture Volunteer MAGRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 756,000.00 756,000.00
volunteer
Technicians technicians assisted
 Awards and Incentive System 50 barangays,
for the Best implementing schools, and
MENRO January 2019 December 2019 General Fund 5,000,000.00 5,000,000.00
barangays, schools and households
households awarded
Annex A
Annex B
Annex C
Annex D
Annex E
Annex F
Annex G
Annex H
Annex I
Annex J
Annex K
Annex L
Annex M
Annex N
Annex O
Annex P
Annex Q
Annex R
Annex S
Annex T
Annex U
Annex V
PHOTO
DOCUMENTATION
ANNEXES
Presentation of the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) 2019-2023 to the Sangguniang Bayan of
Monkayo for legitimization and endorsement to the DENR XI during their regular session
on December 02, 2019 at SB Session Hall, Legislative Building,
Poblacion, Monkayo, Compostela Valley.
Presentation of Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) 2019-2023 during the Municipal Development Council
(MDC) meeting on November 13, 2019 at SB Session Hall for their adoption and
endorsement to the Sangguniang Bayan of Monkayo.
Final review of the Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) 2019-2023 of the Municipality of Monkayo with the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources Technical Team, Provincial Environment and
Natural Resources Office, FLUP-TWG and punong barangays on October 22, 2019 at
Conference Hall, Unity Building.
First comprehensive technical review on Monkayo's Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) 2019-2023 held at 2/F
Conference Hall, Unity Building on July 24, 2019 attended by the TWG, punong barangays, DENR-
CENRO, DENRO-PENRO and PLGU-PENRO personnel.
Two-Day Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP) Module 3 (Situational Analysis) Workshop at
3/f Function Hall, Municipal Hall Building on October 11-12, 2018.
Forest Land Use Plan orientation with DENR-CENRO on
November 09, 2016 at MDRRM Building.
MUNICIPAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
2/F Unity Building, Jose Martin St., Poblacion, Monkayo, Compostela Valley
www.monkayo.gov.ph | info@monkayo.gov.ph | +63917-1191-875

FLUP Monkayo

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FLUP Monkayo

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2019 -2023

P R E S E N T : Hon. J o a n n a Aileen A Gentugaya, Presiding Officer

W H E R E A S , t h e m e m b e r s o f the a u g u s t Body received a copy o f Resolution

W H E R E A S , forest l a n d u s e plan is vital i n development d u e t o increasing

W H E R E A S , t h e F L U P for 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 2 3 o f M o n k a y o includes m o r e aggressive

W H E R E F O R E , o n motion of Sangguniang Bayan Member Joel D. Basanes II,

1 I Page/Res. No. 162' 2020

R E S O L V E D , as itis hereby R E S O L V E D , A R E S O L U T I O N APPROVING T H E

R E S O L V E D , FINALLY, that a copy o f this resolution b e furnished, t h e

JOANNA AILflEN A GENTUGAYA

2 I Page/Res. No. 162'-2020

PRESENT: M r . R a u l B. Basafies M u n i c i p a l A d m i n i s t r a t o r , Presiding Officer

MDC Resolution No. 23

I HEREBY CERTIFY TO T H E CORRECTNESS of the above-quoted resolution.

jGERONIMO 0. BALANA, MPA

Mabuhay tayong lahat.

JOANNA AILEEN A. GENTUGAYA

More power and again, my gratitude and warmest congratulations.

GERONIMO O. BALANA, MPA

Ancestral Domains are areas belonging to indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples

Ecosystem Management is an approach to natural resource management which aims to sustain

Indigenous People’s Organization refers to a private, non-profit, voluntary organization of

Non-Governmental Organization refers to a non-stock, non-profit organization that works with

Opportunity is an innovative way to make an activity more successful – to create an environment

Municipality of Monkayo xii

Strength is something positive which should help an activity to succeed. It is a circumstance

Municipality of Monkayo xiii

Municipality of Monkayo xiv

Chapter 2 – LGU’S VISION, MISSION, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ON ITS FOREST 14

Chapter 3 – SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF FOREST LAND USE PLAN (FLUP) 18

Chapter 5 – KEY FINDINGS 26

Chapter 6 – RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES 115

Chapter 7 – ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS IN SUPPORT OF 129

Chapter 8 – PERIODIC MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF FOREST LAND USE 135

Chapter 9 – ESTIMATED FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 137

When the Americans set up a Philippines Constabulary (PC) headquarters in Monkayo to

2.2 Monkayo’s Vision

2.4 Goals and Objectives of the Plan

A Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between LGU of Monkayo represented by Hon. Ramil L.

4.3 Sources of Information

4.4 Preparation, Validation and Revision of Thematic and Composite Maps

The community-driven participatory approach in the planning process cannot be understated.

Figure 2. Community mapping activity in Barangay Casoon

Figure 3. The FLUP Process

5.1.1 Biophysical Profile

Figure 4. Map of Compostela Valley showing Municipality of Monkayo

Political Subdivision and Barangays Covered

Figure 5. Administrative Map of the Municipality of Monkayo

Land Area by Barangay

As gleaned in Table 2, a total of 30,607.53 hectares or 45.32% is classified as alienable and

Topography and Slope

0-8% Slope, Level to Undulating 14,251.19 1,040.25 15,291.43 22.64

Climate and Rainfall

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

Figure 9. Average Rainfall Amount and Rainy Days

Figure 10. Vegetative Cover Map of the Municipality of Monkayo

Figure 11. Watershed and Drainage Map

Figure 12. Flood Susceptibility Map of the Municipality of Monkayo

Figure 13. Landslide Susceptibility Map of the Municipality of Monkayo

Figure 14. Fault Line Map of the Municipality of Monkayo

Ethnicity and Languages/Dialects

5.1.3 Major Livelihood Sources, Social and Infrastructure Services

Figure 18. Infrastructure Map