UNITS 2&3 GRAMMAR

4ºESO- ENGLISH LANGUAGE

 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS
• I. PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST PERFECT

• II. QUANTIFIERS

• III. THE PASSIVE (PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE SIMPLE)

We can use the past perfect to show the order of two past events. The past
PAST SIMPLE VS. PAST
perfect shows the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action

PERFECT SIMPLE
 PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

AF: SUBJECT + V. EN PAST AF: SUBJECT + HAD + V. EN

SIMPLE (-ED / 2º C.) PAST PARTICIPLE (-ED/ 3ºC)

NEG: SUBJECT + DIDN´T + V. NEG: SUBJECT + HADN´T + V. EN

MAIN FORM PAST PARTICIPLE (-ED/ 3ºC)

INT: DID + SUBJECT + V. MAIN INT: HAD + SUBJECT + V. EN

FORM + ? PAST PARTICIPLE (-ED/ 3ºC) + ?
 EXAMPLES
• After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.

• I washed the floor when the painter had gone.

• I didn't say anything until she had finished talking.

• After she had moved out, I found her notes.

• Before I knew it, she had told it to everybody.

 II. QUANTIFIERS

• WHAT ARE QUANTIFIERS?

A quantifier is a word that usually goes before a noun to express the quantity
of the object
 ENOUGH ENOUGH

TOO MANY TOO MUCH

FEW / A FEW LITTLE / A LITTLE

LOTS OF /A LOT OF (PLURAL A LOT OF / LOTS OF (SINGULAR)

NOUNS) PLENTY OF
 º
• I saw few people in the program.

• Jack has many friends here.

• Jeff went to many places regarding this project.

• There was a lot of people in the concert.

• Lisa has much knowledge about this topic.

• We have enough food in the refrigerator.

 III. THE PASSIVE VOICE

• The passive of an active

tense is formed by putting
the verb to be into the
same tense as the active
verb and adding the past
participle of the active
verb.
• The subject of the active
PRESENT SIMPLE We eat a cake A cake is eaten by us

PAST SIMPLE We ate a cake A cake was eaten by us

FUTURE SIMPLE We will eat a cake A cake will be eaten by

us

BE GOING TO We are going to eat a A cake is going to be

cake eaten by us
 TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT…

• If the active voice has 2 words -> the passive

voice will have 3
• You have to add ALWAYS the verb TO BE (in
different ways)
• You have to put the main verb as PAST
PARTICIPLE
 EXAMPLES
• Every year thousands of people are killed on our roads. They kill
thousands of people every year on our roads)

• All the cookies will be eaten. (They will eat all the cookies)

• My car was stolen! (The thief stole my car)

• The novel was read by my mum in one day (My mum read the novel in
one day)