Steam Turbine Start-Up Procedure

Description

Method of Operation KA02. Operation of the starting and load

The turbine is started and brought up to limit device is continued until piston discs
speed with the help of main control valves KA02 reach their lower end position.
MAA10+20AA002 and reheat control valves
When hand wheel KA01 is turned back or
MAB10+20AA002. Reference speed setter
motor MAX47BY001M of starting and load
MAX46BY001 is set to minimum speed at
limit device MAX47BY001 is operated in the
this point if the hydraulic governor is to be
open direction, the control oil is allowed to
used. In this case, the speed reference of
drain first from the auxiliary start-up oil
the electro-hydraulic controller is set to
circuit and then from the start-up oil circuit.
maximum. For start-up using the electro-
The pistons of test valves MAX47AA011and
hydraulic controller on the other hand,
012 and MAX47AA021 and 022 are forced
reference speed setter MAX46BY001 is set
upwards by the restoring springs whereby
at maximum and the speed reference of the
the trip oil flows to the space below piston
electro-hydraulic controller is at minimum.
disc KA02 and slowly drains from the space
The stop and control valves are in the
above piston KA01. The pressure difference
closed position, as the trip oil circuit is not
thus occurring lifts both pistons together into
yet pressurized. By turning hand wheel
their upper end positions, thus causing main
KA01 clockwise or by operating motor
and reheat stop valves MAA10+20 AA001
MAX47BY001M of starting and load limit
and MAB10+20 AA001 to open. Main trip
device MAX47BY001 in the close direction,
valves MAX51AA005 and MAX51AA006 are
spring KA06 in auxiliary follow-up piston
now held in their upper position by the oil
KA08 is relieved by the linkage action,
pressure of the trip oil under their stepped
thereby preventing a build-up of auxiliary
differential pistons.
secondary oil pressure. Hydraulic amplifier
MAX45BY011 with follow-up pistons KA01 After the stop valves have opened, further
and KA02 is now in the control valves closed turning of hand wheel KA01 or operation of
position. As a result, no pressure can build motor MAX47BY001M of the starting and
up in the secondary oil circuit when main trip load limit device in the open direction will,
valves MAX51 AA005 and MAX51AA006 after passing through a certain dead range,
are latched in. cause lever KA03 and sleeve KA04 to move
downwards, as a result of which the
By further turning hand wheel KA01, valve
increasing secondary oil pressure above
KA02 of starting and load limit device
hydraulic amplifier MAX45BY011 with
MAX47BY001 is moved further downwards
follow-up pistons KA01 and KA02 will
whereby control oil is admitted first into the
gradually open control valves MAA10+20
start-up oil circuit and then into the auxiliary
AA002 and MAB10+20AA002. This will run
start-up oil circuit. The start-up oil flows to
the turbine up to approximately 85 to 90 %
the space above the pistons of test valves
of rated speed. At this point, hydraulic speed
MAX47AA011 and 012 and
governor MAX46BY001 will take over and
MAX47AA021and 022, forcing them down
maintains this speed. Starting and load limit
against the action of the return springs. The
device MAX47 BY001 is then set at the
auxiliary start-up oil raises the pistons of
maximum position. A pressure gauge
main trip valves MAX51 AA005 and
MAX44 CP501 and electrical speed
MAX51AA006, thereby permitting trip oil to
transducers MYA01 CS011 to 013 are used
flow to test valves MAX47AA011 and 012
to measure the speed.
and MAX47AA021 and AA022 of the main
and reheat stop valves. Further speed increase, synchronizing and
loading of the turbine are accomplished by
Trip oil now flows to the space above piston
adjusting reference speed setter MAX46
KA01 of main and reheat stop valves
BY001. By turning hand wheel KA01 or
MAA10+20 AA001 and MAB10 + 20AA001
and forces it down against piston discs

BHEL Bhopal 2-2105-00/1

operating motor MAX46BY001M, additional
KA02, which results in an increase in speed.
Since, in interconnected system operation,
turbine speed is determined by the grid,
operation of the reference speed setter
amounts to a load change for the turbine.
Load Limitation
Starting and load limit device MAX47 BY001
acts mechanically on diaphragm KA09 of
hydraulic speed governor MAX46 BY001,
enabling it to be used to limit turbine load,
i.e. to limit opening of control valves
MAA10+ 20AA002 and MAB10+20 AA002
to a preset value. This setting is made by
adjusting starting and load limit device
MAX47BY001 manually or by means of its
motor.
Electro-Hydraulic Controller
If the turbine is to be started up using the
electro-hydraulic controller, the reference
setter of the electro-hydraulic controller
should initially be set to a minimum speed
so that the controller takes over run-up of
the turbine generator unit as soon as the
turbine is operating at a low turning gear
speed. When the stop valves have opened,
starting and load limit device MAX47BY001
should be driven into open position. Slowly
increasing the speed reference of the
electro-hydraulic controller from its initial
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tension is applied to speed setting spring
setting (minimum) brings the controller into
action, bringing the turbine up to rated seed
for synchronizing.
In constant pressure operation after
synchronization, the turbine generator unit is
loaded up to approximately 15 to 20 % of
rated output by increasing the speed
reference. Further load increases are
accomplished by increasing the load
reference (brought into control at this load)
within the permissible rate of load change.
The speed reference is left at a value
corresponding to a load output of
approximately 15 to 20 %
Load Rejection
On load rejection, i.e. sudden disconnection
of the loaded turbine generator unit from the
grid, the turbine is intercepted by a load
rejection control module before it reaches
trip out speed. The resulting sustained
speed deviation will be a value
corresponding to the droop of the speed
controller and the set reference speed.
During constant pressure operation, this
value would be approximately rated speed
since during loading the load controller was
switched into the circuit at a low load.
Naturally, the reference speed may also be
reduced to rated speed after a load
rejection.