WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

GRADE
ORAL COMMUNICATION 11

2
LEARNING QUARTER

MODULE WEEK 7

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 1

 MODULE IN
ORAL COMMUNICATION

QUARTER 2
WEEK 7

REVIEW ON PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE

SPEECH DELIVERY
Development Team
Writer: Jane Meryl B. Dalde
Editors: Maria Corazon H. Retutal Vrenie Joy Pedro
Reviewer: Adelyn C. Domingo
Illustrator: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay
Layout Artist: Wynnelord Rainier E. Tibay
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda Arnel S. Bandiola
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito V. Labao
Adelyn C. Domingo

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 2

 What I Need to Know

This module is focused on the principles of speech delivery. After you have
learned the different tips of speech writing based on the kinds of speeches according
to categories, you are ready to deliver your own speech. Conversely, you are ready to
apply these tips to show interest and mastery in oral communication.

Most Essential Learning Competency: Use Principles of Effective Writing

Objectives:
This module provides you the fundamentals of communication. In your journey through
the discussions and different tasks, you are expected to:
1. identify the principles of speech writing;
2. differentiate the stages or processes in speech writing;
3. use principles of effective speech writing focusing on audience profile, logical
organization, duration, word choice, and grammatical correctness; and
4. plan a speech.

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 What I Know

Pre-Test

Directions: Read the given ideas carefully. Write FACT if the statement is important
in speech writing and BLUFF if it’s not. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and
nonverbal cues.
2. Avoid jargons, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse your
audience
3. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your
audience, not read.
4. Do not end your speech with a quotation.
5. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take care
not to overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal pronoun “we.”
6. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and
conversational tone of your speech.
7. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
8. Do not revise your speech once written.
9. Use unfamiliar words to impress your audience.
10. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 4

Lesson
Principles of Speech Writing
7
What does a speech writer do?

A speechwriter is a person who is

hired to prepare and write speeches that
will be delivered by another person.
Speechwriters are employed by many
senior-level elected officials and
executives in the government and private
sectors. They can also be employed to
write for weddings and other social
occasions.

Image from: https://favpng.com/png_view/job-sitting-book-

drawing-png/awgXQ7tJ

A speechwriter who prepares a text for public address should first consider
whether he or she is going to deliver the speech personally and should be careful to
select a topic which the potential audience will not strongly oppose. From the
introduction of a speech to its conclusion, a speechwriter should have definite goals,
present an appropriate discussion of the topic, and maintain an awareness of the
personal characteristics of the speaker.

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 What’s In

Before knowing the principles of speech writing, try to recall the best speech
you have written and delivered. Identify the steps and strategies you used in writing
your speech. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

What’s New

Speech is classified according to Purpose—the Expository or Informative

Speech, the Persuasive Speech, and the Entertainment Speech—and according to
the Manner of Delivery—Reading /Speaking from a Manuscript, Memorized Speech,
Impromptu Speech, and Extemporaneous Speech. Given the different Types of
Speech, can you identify and explain what goes into preparing a Speech? What are
the things to be done before the Speech is delivered?

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First Principle: Choosing the Topic

A Speech is meant to impart a Message to Listeners. The choice of topic may

be up to the Speaker but, more often than not, the Speaker is given the topic because
it is the central theme of a program, conference, or presentation. In .any case, the
topic should be timely, meaning in existence at the present time (unless a historical
event is the reason for the gathering). The topic should be interesting to you (the
Speaker), of course, so that you will be enthusiastic in preparing and delivering the
Speech. At the same time, it should be just as interesting to your Audience so that
they will focus on your Speech and nothing else. If there is a conflict between what
you want to say and what your Listeners want to hear, then it is the Audience who
wins. A topic that is new, that has not been heard of before by your Listeners, is an
attention grabber. So is a topic that is controversial as it encourages the Audience to
listen carefully so they can choose a side.

It must be pointed out that when choosing a topic, the Speaker must ever be
mindful of the culture of the Speaker and Listener, their ages, their gender as well as
their social status and religious affiliation. It is good advice for the Speaker to choose
a topic that is at the level of knowledge of both the Speaker and the Audience.

Second Principle: Analyzing the Audience

Before writing down anything about the Speech, one must engage in Analyzing
the Audience. A Speech for one occasion cannot simply be used for another. There is
no Speech that fits any and all occasions. Each speech has a different Purpose and a
different Manner of Delivery. So, given the hundreds of thousands of Speech topics
multiplied by the Types of Purpose and Types of Delivery, each Speech, even if
delivered by the same person, is unique. Every Speech is specific to the Speaker and
may be characterized by the topic chosen, the time and place of Delivery, and the
configuration of the Audience listening to this particular Speech.

The Audience is one of the major factors that determine the uniqueness of the
Speech. Just as there is no speech that fits all Public Communication Situation, there

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 7

is no single Audience for a Speech. How do you analyze the Audience if you do not
know who the Audience will be?

First, if possible, get or guess the demographic data of the audience: age, gender,
ethnic background, occupation, economic and social status, etc., especially if one is
addressing a business group, a student club, or a community organization. These data
may influence the Audience’s reaction to the Speech. Moreover, the data will influence
the way you will write the Speech—what points to choose, what to leave out, the words
to use, and even what tone of voice will work on them.

Second, it is important to know the groups to which your Audience belongs as these
groups hold certain beliefs and values. You may then be able to ascertain how your
Listeners feel about certain issues without having to talk to each and every Listener or
do a survey among them.

Third, it is just as important to find out how your audience feels about the topic of your
Speech and what they already know about it (so that you do not repeat it and bore the
audience).

Finally, you should try to know how they feel about you as the Speaker and what they
already know about you. The Speaker may be able to gauge this from the organizers
of the event and the people who extended the invitation.

Third Principle: Sourcing the Information

This involves seeking out all the available means for finding materials to support
the Speech. Good sources are newspapers, magazines, books, journals, or any
reading material full of useful information. Search engines on the Internet such as
Google or Yahoo may also be used. However, the best resource are people, especially
the experts or those who are involved in the field to which the topic belongs. A Speech
on “How to Take Care of Your Heart” may be built on reading materials, but a
cardiologist (heart doctor) may give more accurate data while someone who has

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suffered a heart attack can provide real-life experiences that a Speaker may use to
reach out and touch the Audience.

Information for any Speech topic must be relevant, that is, it discusses the topic
directly; must be timely, meaning it focuses on the present or recent past; and must
cover most, if not all, of the topic (unless the topic focuses only on a part of a general
subject or issue). Information gathered must be at the level of knowledge of both the
Speaker and the Audience, without offending any Listener.

Fourth Principle: Outlining and Organizing the Speech Content

This makes sense of all the research conducted. With all the information
gathered for the Speech topic, it is quite easy to be overwhelmed. Although one may
want to use all the information gathered, that is not possible, particularly since there is
a time limit.

The first step is to sort the information into categories: statistics, testimonies
and opinions, historical facts, etc. Or they may be classified according to the point they
are making, specifically, that part of the topic to be discussed.

The next step is to organize the Speech itself. For this, the best method is an
outline. Even a Manuscript Speech and a Memorized Speech begin with an outline,
which is then filled out with supporting materials. There are different types of outlines
that one can use depending on how the Speech is to be organized:

1. Chronological Outline – a historical/time approach like from the past to the

present.
Example: Development of Ilocos Region from Martial Law to the Present

2. Spatial/Geographical Outline – going from one place to another, from one

direction to another.
Example: The Heritage Churches of Pampanga

3. Cause and Effect Outline – involves a discussion of both cause and effect
of an issue.

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 Example: The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay Problem-Solution Outline –
explains a problem and suggests a possible solution.
Example: Cleaning Up Manila Bay

4. Topical Outline – divides the topic into subtopics based on importance or

interest value or simply because the topic requires it; for topics that do not
fall under any of the previously mentioned outlines.
Example: Social Media Have Made Us Anti-Social

Once there is an Outline, it will be easier to know which supporting material to

use where. The outline also helps in pointing out whether a material may be useful or
not.

There are two techniques to actually writing the speech, whether in full form for
Manuscript or Memorized Speeches, or in outline form for Impromptu and
Extemporaneous Speeches. The first technique is to Write the Body of the Speech
first, filling in the content of the Speech later with supporting materials. Then write the
Introduction and Conclusion after. The other technique is to Write the Conclusion first,
which many find very helpful because it shows what the Speech ends with. On the
other hand, some use the technique of Writing the Introduction first to guide the
Speech in the direction one wants it to go, then filling in the Body and writing the
Conclusion. Remember that for Extemporaneous (and even Impromptu) Speech, only
the Introduction and the Conclusion can be written out in full. The Body of the Speech
should remain in outline form.

Whichever technique works for you, the Speech, as written, should flow logically
from one point to another. This logical progression makes it easy for the Speaker to
Deliver the Speech whether in full form like the Manuscript or Memorized Speeches
or in outline form like the Impromptu and Extemporaneous Speeches. As a reminder,
do not forget the Audience when writing the Speech. They may have their own ideas
and opinions about the topic of your Speech that may not necessarily agree with those
of the Speaker (https://www.elcomblus.com/principles-of-speech-writing/).

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How can I make a powerful speech?

Here are the five steps to writing a powerful speech that will move your listeners:

1. Consider the audience's needs.

2. Catch the audience's attention.
3. Hold the audience's attention for the next 15 minutes.
4. Offer a solution to their problem.
5. Provide a call to action.

How do you write an emotional speech?

6 Steps to Writing an Unforgettable Speech

1. Be Personable. Every time Marsh writes a speech, she reminds herself that her
main goal is to introduce herself.
2. Educate.
3. Show Your Passion.
4. Play to Emotions.
5. Stay on Task and Keep it Brief.
6. Know Your Audience.

How do you write talking points for someone else?

1. Keep it short and simple. Because their purpose is to ease verbal presentation,
talking points should be short and contain only the most relevant information.
2. Capture the main point or points. People won't remember every word they hear
in a presentation.
3. Think about your audience.

What makes a good speaker?

Passion and Purpose

A great speaker is driven to know his stuff and care about a particular topic.
His passion will cause others to be convinced, not just because of his force of

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reasoning, but also because he is visibly enjoying the beliefs he wants his audience
to accept (https://findanyanswer.com/what-are-the-three-basic-principles-of-speech-writing

Principles of Speech Delivery)

What is it

How Is a Good Speech Structured?

A strong speech contains a beginning, a middle and an end. Those are the
three pieces of story structure, and they help make up the structure of a good speech
as well. Experts warn that keeping the middle short is actually the key to a strong
speech.

Begin with an attention-grabbing, compelling opening and use it as a story that

will help to lay out the points you are hoping to make. The middle can reiterate your
point briefly but without exhausting or belaboring the issue. The conclusion should be
short and to the point.

What Are the Top Qualities of a Good Speech?

1. A single theme. Research has proven that it is very difficult to remember a lot
of detail when listening to a speech, so be sure to start with one main idea.
What is the point of your speech? What do you want the audience to come
away knowing, understanding, or feeling? Start from there and then work
backward.

2. Use anecdotes. Rather than a laundry list of reasons why your point is true or
significant, try to find a story or an anecdote that supports the theme you are
trying to express. Stories are naturally engaging, and people tend to remember
them better than exposition or lectures about the same topic.

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 3. Conversational tone. Write your speech in the same voice in which you speak.
In other words, don't get academic. Speeches read aloud sound far different
than an essay or another written piece. This is something to which anyone who
has had to listen to a long speech can attest. Write in short sentences the same
way that you speak. Don't write a speech that will sound "read." Keep the
vocabulary and sentence structure as close to your own natural conversation
as possible.

Additional Qualities of a Good Speech

1. Specific anecdotes or examples. Make sure that your examples and

anecdotes are specific. If you're trying to prove a point or move an audience
with emotion, be sure that any examples you provide that support your thesis
or main point are specific and concrete. Vague descriptors or generalizations
on the theme will only serve to make your speech feel gauzy and will take it out
of reality. Specific anecdotes are central to good speaking.

2. Humor. Use humor when and where appropriate. Of course, not every situation
and speech is going to call for humor, but if you can present the information you
are hoping to convey in the context of a humorous story or anecdote, you will
have gone a long way toward creating a relatable and compelling speech that
listeners remember long after you've given it.

3. Eye Contact. Keep maintaining eye contact with various audience members.
Don't look down at your notes or at the podium while you're speaking.

How Should a Good Speech Be Structured?

1. A strong beginning. Make sure your speech has a great beginning. To start
your speech with a statement or an opening that really grabs your audience is
half the battle. Once you've figured out how to craft an excellent opening to your
speech that hooks the audience's attention, you'll have nailed one of the most
important characteristics of a great speech.

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 2. A strong ending. Make sure that your ending not only sums up your speech
but does so in a way that refers back to the opening of the speech and delivers
the information to the audience in a way that prompts a call to action or an
emotional response to where you've taken them since the speech started.

3. Keep the middle short. Don't go on and on. Once you've written a draft of your
script, go back and edit. If there's anything you can cut, do it. A shorter speech
is a better speech in almost every single case. If you can make yours shorter
and still preserve the meaning and the message, do it. The more finely edited
your speech, the more memorable its strengths will be. A strong beginning with
a strong ending and a short middle is the best speech structure.

What’s More

Direction: Imagine yourself as an editor. Look for a written speech online or in printed
magazines/ books/ newspaper, etc. which seems to be appealing, written-well and
properly structured. Write your observations on how the speech was written, what are
the strategies used and what are the powerful line/lines used. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Speech Title:

Delivered by:
(Speaker)

Observations/ Strategies used:

Powerful line/lines:

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 14

 What I Have Learned

Key Takeaways

Whether you are preparing for a wedding toast, for a live presentation in front
of colleagues or you need to write a speech for an award or honor that you are
expecting to receive, it's critical to learn the characteristics of an effective speech and
how to write one yourself. The best way to do that is to pick a theme, stick with it and
use anecdotes to prove your point.

Those who have heard a good speech remember it. However, it is very unlikely
that they realize why they remember the speech. Experts explain that speechmaking
is not a particularly effective form of communication. Because the structure of the
speech is generally conversational, less of the speech is memorable because it
doesn't necessarily contain new information.

Those who give a good speech make it look easy and effortless. A stiff speech
that feels rehearsed or sounds like it was written by someone else is rarely effective
or memorable in anything but a negative way.

What makes a speech good is a difficult question to answer. In some cases, it's
humor. In others, it's a powerful call to action, and in other cases, it is simply the
speaker's comfort, presence and energy that the audience finds infectious. However,
whatever the case, good speeches have the same things in common. They contain a
story that connects with their audience, and they have a strong beginning, a strong
ending and a middle that doesn't drag on and on.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 15

 Assessment

Directions. Read the given ideas carefully. Write FACT if the statement is important
in speech writing and BLUFF if it’s not. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and
nonverbal cues.
2. Avoid jargons, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse your
audience.
3. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your
audience, not read.
4. Do not end your speech with a quotation.
5. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take care
not to overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal pronoun “we.”
6. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and
conversational tone of your speech.
7. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
8. Do not revise your speech once written.
9. Use unfamiliar words to impress your audience.
10. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Oral Com in Context 16

Pretest Assessment
1. FACT 11. FACT
2. FACT 12. FACT
3. FACT 13. FACT
4. BLUFF 14. BLUFF
5. FACT 15. FACT
6. FACT 16. FACT
7. FACT 17. FACT
8. BLUFF 18. BLUFF
9. BLUFF 19. BLUFF
10. FACT 20. FACT
Answer Key
 References

Print

Menoy, Jesus Z, and Guia F Constantino. 2016. Oral Communication in Context.

Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Pub.

Balgos,Anne Richie and Philippe John Sipacio.2016. Oral Communication in

Context for Senior High School.

Flores, Ramona S.2016. Oral Communication in Context. First Edition. REX Book
Store.

Online

https://findanyanswer.com/what-are-the-three-basic-principles-of-speech-writing

https://www.theclassroom.com/aa-speaking-tips-12081322.html

Staff, Elcomblus. 2020. “Principles of Speech Delivery.” ELCOMBLUS. December

17, 2020. https://www.elcomblus.com/principles-of-speech-delivery/.

“Inaugural Address of President Macapagal, December 30, 1961 | GOVPH.” 1961.

Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. December 30, 1961.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1961/12/30/inaugural-address-of-president-
macapagal-december-30-1961/.

We Canada. 2012. “Severn Cullis-Suzuki at Rio Summit 1992.” YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJJGuIZVfLM.
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education-Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)

Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City 2900

Contact Number: (077)771-3678

Email Address: laoagcity@deped.gov.ph