Task 1 - Prediction using Supervised ML

Presented By: Nishant Kumar

Goal: Predict the percentage of an student based on the no. of

study hours.
Importing all the necessary libraries.

In [6]:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn import metrics
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

Loading the dataset

In [14]:

df = pd.read_csv('http://bit.ly/w-data')
df.head()

Out[14]:

Hours Scores

0 2.5 21

1 5.1 47

2 3.2 27

3 8.5 75

4 3.5 30

Here there are two columns in the dataset - Hours and Scores.

Now to check the number of rows

In [15]:
df.shape
Out[15]:
(25, 2)

Hence there are 25 rows and 2 columns.

In [25]:

df.describe()
Out[25]:

Hours Scores
count 25.000000
Hours 25.000000
Scores
mean 5.012000 51.480000

std 2.525094 25.286887

min 1.100000 17.000000

25% 2.700000 30.000000

50% 4.800000 47.000000

75% 7.400000 75.000000

max 9.200000 95.000000

This is done to check for all the null values in the dataset. The null values present in the may affect the
performance of the model hence this is a mandatory step.

In [26]:
df.isnull().sum()
Out[26]:
Hours 0
Scores 0
dtype: int64

Since, There are no NaN values present in our dataset we can proceed further.

Data Visualization
Plotting the data and cheking for any kind of relationship manually.

In [29]:
plt.figure()
plt.plot(df['Hours'].values, df['Scores'].values, 'o', color='blue')
plt.grid(True)
plt.xlabel('Hours')
plt.ylabel('Scores')
plt.title('Study Hours - Scores')
plt.show()

By looking at the graph we can say that our data is highly correlated so, we can make the use of linear
regression.

Prediction
Here we divide our dataset into dependent and independent variables. 'y' is our target (or dependent) variable
and 'X' is our independent variable.

In [31]:

X = df.iloc[:, :1].values
y = df.iloc[:,-1:].values

In [32]:
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=1)

Setting the random_state is important as it keeps the results constant. Default is set to 'None' and the result
varies with each run.

In [38]:

model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train) # Training

line = model.coef_*X+model.intercept_ # Equation of line --> y = mx + c

# Plotting the data with the regression line

plt.scatter(X, y, color = 'blue')

plt.plot(X, line, color = 'red')
plt.grid(True)
plt.xlabel('Hours')
plt.ylabel('Score')
plt.title('Study Hours vs Scores')
plt.show()

In [39]:
regr_predict = model.predict(X_test)

Now,Predicting the score for 9.25 hours of studying -

In [40]:
hours = [[9.25]]
result = model.predict(hours)
print("No. of Hours = {} ".format(hours))
print("Score Predicted = {} ".format(result[0]))

No. of Hours = [[9.25]]

Score Predicted = [95.22829438]

Metrics
Evaluating the performance of the model

In [41]:
print('Mean Absolute Error:', metrics.mean_absolute_error(y_test, regr_predict))

Mean Absolute Error: 7.882398086270432