AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY

Housekeeping practices – 7s

1. Sort - All unneeded tools, parts and supplies are removed from the area.
Identify and eliminate unnecessary items from your workplace – Do the “Red
Tag” technique.
2. Set in Order – A place for everything and everything is in its place. Organize
what remains.
3. Shine – The area is cleaned as the work in performed.
4. Standardize – Cleaning and identification methods are consistently applied.
5. Sustain – Continue 7s activities in order to achieve good results.
6. Safety – Maintain safety in the workplace.
7. Spirit – Reliance on the people factor.

Automobile
- Is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of cars say that
they run primarily on roads, seat one-to-eight people, have four wheels and mainly
transport people rather than goods.

Famous Automobile Makers

Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
 A French inventor who built the world's first full-size and working self-propelled
mechanical land-vehicle, the "Fardier à vapeur" – effectively the world's first
automobile on 1769
Robert Anderson

 A 19th-century Scottish inventor, best known for inventing the first crude electric
carriage in Scotland around the time of 1832–1839. The carriage was powered by
no rechargeable primary power cells.

Carl Friedrich Benz

 Sometimes also Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer and automotive
engineer. His Benz Patent Motorcar from 1885 is considered the first practical
automobile put into series production.

Rudolf Diesel

 Diesel invented the diesel-fueled internal combustion engine.

Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler

 A German engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf,

Germany. Invented the first four wheeled, four-stroke engine- known as the
“Cannstatt-Daimler.” He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and
automobile development. He invented the high-speed liquid petroleum-fueled
engine.
 In 1885, Daimler invented a gas engine that allowed for a revolution in car design.

George Baldwin Selden

 A patent lawyer and inventor who was granted a U.S. patent for an automobile in
1895.

Nicolaus August Otto

 Invented the gas motor engine in 1876.

Wilhelm Maybach

 The creator of the modern car. The 35 hp Mercedes of 1901 bears many of the
design features one still finds today in cars all over the world. He was responsible for
many of the innovations that would have a lasting influence on vehicle design,
including toothed-gear transmission (1889), the spray nozzle carburettor (1893), the
tubular radiator (1897) and subsequently the honeycomb radiator (1900), as well as
the first V-engine in 1889 and in 1896 the world’s first truck, in 1897 the Victoria
model, and in 1898 the Phoenix racing car.

John Lambert

 America’s first gasoline-powered automobile was the 1891 Lambert car invented by
John W. Lambert.

Duryea Brothers

 They founded America’s first company to manufacture and sell gasoline-powered

vehicles.

Henry Ford

 Ford improved the assembly line for automobile manufacturing (Model-T), invented a
transmission mechanism, and popularized the gas-powered automobile.

Charles Franklin Kettering

 Charles Franklin Kettering invented the first automobile electrical ignition system and
the first practical engine-driven generator.

Uses of Automobile

1. Health and Emergencies

The safest way to ensure your health in the pandemic is by owning a private car. The
recent health crisis pushes many to follow new health policies.

2. Independence and Freedom

Relying on others for travel or using public vehicles could be detrimental. When you
take public transport, you may worry about reaching your stop on time.
3. Privacy
When you own a car, one of the benefits is privacy. If you never live in one place for too
long, your car can serve as your home. You don’t have to share space.

4. Safety
Public transport and relying on others puts you in the hands of other drivers. One of the
benefits of owning a car is control over the driver seat.

5. Save Time
Owning a car can help you save time. Without a car, your schedule may revolve around
the availability of public transport.

6. Take Pleasure Trips

If you love to travel, getting a car will be a great investment. One of the other benefits of
owning a car is having the freedom to take long drives.

7. Flexibility
As our population grows and our cities become more congested, getting a car is only
practical. Getting a car gives you the freedom to commute anywhere you need to.

Types of Automobile
1. Sedan

 A sedan is a passenger car in a three-box configuration with separate

compartments for engine, passenger, and cargo.

2. Wagon

 A wagon is an automotive body-style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof

extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the
back via a third or fifth door (the liftgate or tailgate), instead of a trunk/boot lid.

3. Hatchback

 A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to

provide access to a cargo area. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second row
seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo
volume. Hatchbacks may feature two- or three-box design.

4. Compact

 Compact car is a vehicle size class — predominantly used in North America —

that sits between subcompact cars and mid-size cars. The present-day definition
is equivalent to the European C-segment or the British term "small family car".

5. Van

 Van is a North American car classification for vehicles designed to transport

passengers in the rear seating rows, with reconfigurable seats in two or three
rows.

6. Sport Utility Vehicle or SUV

 A sport utility vehicle or SUV is a car classification that combines elements of

road-going passenger cars with features from off-road vehicles, such as raised
ground clearance and four-wheel drive.

7. Coupe

 A coupe or coupé is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and

two doors. The term coupé was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two
passengers without rear-facing seats. It comes from the French translation of
"cut"

8. Pickup

 A pickup truck or pickup is a light-duty truck that has an enclosed cabin and an

open cargo area with low sides and tailgate

9. Sport Coupe

 Sports Coupe is a car designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such

as handling, acceleration, top speed, or thrill of driving.
10. Crossover

 A crossover or crossover utility vehicle (CUV) is a type of sport utility vehicle-like

vehicle built with unibody frame construction. Crossovers are based on
a platform shared with a passenger car, as opposed to a platform shared with
a pickup truck. Because of that, crossovers may also be referred as "car-based
SUVs".

Parts of Automobile

1. Engine

The engine is the source of motive power to an automobile. Obviously, it is a very

important part of the automobile because in the absence of an engine, the automobile
may not move at all, and its basic function of transporting passengers or goods would
be defeated. The power of the engine determines the working of the automobile.

The moving parts in an engine need regular lubrication to reduce unwanted friction. The
chemistry of lubricant is now highly developed. There is a standard rating for lubricants.

How a Car Engine Works: The 3 Main Parts

In broad terms, the engine can be segregated into three key parts, the head, the block
and the oil sump.

1. The cylinder head is the channel through which the fuel enters the engine chamber
and exhaust gases exit. Its key components are the camshafts, valves and spark plug.

2. The cylinder block is where all the combustion action takes place. The key
components here are the combustion chamber, piston, and the crankshaft.

3. The oil sump constitutes the lowermost part of the engine. Its key components are
the oil pan and the oil filter.
 2. Power Train Unit

The powertrain encompasses every component that converts the engine's power

into movement. This includes the engine, transmission, the driveshaft, differentials,
axles; basically anything from the engine through to the rotating wheels. The powertrain
control module is a component and control unit that exists in all motor vehicles.
Combined with a control unit, called the engine control unit, and the transmission control
unit, this powertrain control module plays a huge part in the inner systems of your car.

3. Running Gear

The wheels, suspension, steering, powertrain and usually the chassis of a motor

vehicle. The working components of a motor-driven or steam-driven vehicle other
than those used to develop or transmit power, as wheels, axles or springs, as
distinguished from the body.

4. Body

Vehicle body – is most expensive part of a car. Vehicle body could be the main
supporting structure or its particular element. The Vehicle Body of modern car consist
of: engine section, saloon, and trunk. Vehicle body is the main supporting structure of a
vehicle, to which all other components are attached. Truck uses a separate frame
as chassis.

5. Frame/ Chassis Unit

The chassis of an automobile incorporates all the major assemblies consisting of

an engine, components of transmission system such as clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft,
axles, a control system such as brakes and steering, and suspension system of the
vehicle. In other words, it is the vehicle without its body. The chassis of an automobile
has the frame, suspension system, axles, and wheel as the main components. The
frame could be in the form of conventional chassis or unit construction may be adopted.