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MATHEMATICS 7
Quarter 2 Week 3
Module
MATH 7 QUARTER 2 Week 3
Competency
1. The learner translates English phrases to mathematical phrases and English sentences to
mathematical sentences, and vice versa.
2. The learner illustrates and differentiates related terms in algebra:
a. , where n is a positive integer;
b. constants and variables;
c. literal coefficients and numerical coefficients;
d. algebraic expressions, terms, and polynomials and;
e. number of terms, degree of the term, and degree of the polynomial.
To the Learners
Welcome to Mathematics 7, Quarter II, Week 3 module. Before starting to answer the module, set
aside other tasks that will disturb your learning. Read the instructions carefully below to successfully enjoy
and accomplish the objectives of this kit. Have fun!
1. Read and follow carefully all the instructions and contents as indicated in this module.
2. Write in your notebook all the important concepts encountered throughout the lessons.
3. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind
4. Accomplish and perform all the provided activities in this module.
5. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the key card.
6. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
7. Enjoy studying!
Expectations
This module was designed to help you master translation of English phrases to mathematical phrases
and vice versa, as well as illustrate and differentiate related terms in algebra.
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Pretest
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If x stands for a real number, what is the mathematical phrase that represents three more than the
number?
A. x - 2 C. x – 3
B. x + 3 D. - 3 + x
2. What is the English phrase of x - 7?
A. A number is differed by seven C. A number decreased by two
B. Seven is differed by a number D. A number less than seventy
3. What is the numerical coefficient of the term −𝑥 2 ?
A. −1 C. x
B. 2 D. −𝑥
2
4. What is the literal coefficient of the term – 𝑥 ?
A. −1 C. 𝑥 2
B. 2 D. −𝑥 2
2
5. What is the degree of the given polynomial 6𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 1?
A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1
Looking Back
From your previous module, you have learned how to convert measurements from one unit to another
in both Metric and English system. You have also learned how to solve problems involving conversion of units
of measurements. You have been able to formulate real life problems and solve these problems involving
measurements using a variety of strategies.
Before we proceed to our new topic, let us recall some words associated with mathematical operations
by answering the activity below.
Write the word/words from the box to the appropriate column that corresponds to its operation.
One of the goals of algebra is to apply mathematical logic to real-life situations and solving problems.
One needs to enhance their skills in translating simple English phrases or English sentences to mathematical
expressions or equations. A correct interpretation of mathematical situations will help solve the problem.
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Translation of English Phrases to Algebraic Expressions and Vice Versa
Example 1: If u stands for a real number, write a mathematical phrase that will represent the following:
Phrases are expressions without a complete thought while a sentence gives the reader a statement
which has a complete thought. Analogically speaking if phrases are for algebraic expressions, sentences
focuses on the algebraic equations (and inequalities) in mathematical sentences. The following lesson below
will give us more understanding on translating mathematical sentences.
The Linking Verb “is” is commonly translated as the equal sign, in symbol “= “.
Example 1. Translating English Sentences to Equations
English Sentence Explanation Equation
𝐸𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
Eight more than thrice a number is { } is { }
𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟕𝒙
seven times the number itself.
3𝑥 + 8 = 7𝑥
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒
The sum of three consecutive { } is {𝑠𝑖𝑥}
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝒙 + (𝒙 + 𝟏) + (𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟔
number is six 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 + 2) = 6
B. Take the car ride and shade your path going to your goal. Help me find my path!
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Lesson 2: Introduction to Algebra
Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with unknown numbers through the use of symbols and
operations. To fully understand algebra, let’s start first with the pattern form given below:
The above expression can be read as “x to the power of n or x to the nth power” and this expression is
called exponential form. In this part of module, we are going to consider n as a nonnegative integer. In other
words, the exponent of the base comes from the set of number {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5…}. Thus,
If 𝑛 = 0, then 𝑥 0 , read as “x to the power of zero”
If 𝑛 = 1, then 𝑥 1 , read as “x to the first power”. Usually, if the given variable has no visible exponent,
automatically it is raised to the power of 1.
If 𝑛 = 2, then 𝑥 2 , read as “x to the second power or x-squared”
If we can expand each of the given expression:
Exponent Expanded Form Explanation
1 1 ∙ 𝑥
𝑥 Since the exponent of the base is 1, then the number of times you
multiply the base by itself is only 1. This is the same as multiplying the
base with 1.
2 1∙𝑥∙𝑥
𝑥 Since the exponent of the base is 2, then you multiply the base by itself
twice.
3 1∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥
𝑥 Since the exponent of the base is 3, then you multiply it by itself 3 times.
𝑥0 1 Since the exponent of the base is 0, thus there is no base to multiply by.
Thus, the result is 1.
We can conclude that any variable or expression, except zero, raise to the power of 0 is equal to 1.
Thus, 𝐱 𝟎 = 𝟏.
In a term, the operation between the number factor and the literal factor is multiplication. Since we are
relating to the topic in algebra, instead of writing 3 × 𝑏 2 , we are going to write it as 3𝑏 2. If the number factor is
beside the literal factor, automatically the operation between them is multiplication.
Number factor of the term is any number like -3, ½, 4.2, etc. It is usually called coefficient also known
as numerical coefficient.
Literal factor of the term consists of one or more variables with their exponent/s like 𝑥 2 , 𝑎3 𝑏 5 etc. We
call the literal factor as literal coefficient.
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Example of terms
Algebraic Numerical Literal Remark
Terms Coefficient Coefficient
If there is no variable present, it only means that the given
8 8 none variable is raised to zero. Note that any variable raise to zero
is equal to 1.
If there is no number factor present in the term, it
𝑥3 1 𝑥3 automatically means 1. Usually, 1 is invisible in both the
number factor and the exponent.
𝜋𝑎2 𝑏 4 𝑐 5 𝜋 𝑎2 𝑏 4 𝑐 5 𝜋 is an irrational number therefore, it is the number factor.
Even though the number part and the variable part exchange
𝑧5 5 z their position, it is still conventional to write the number part
before the variable part, thus z5 is the same as 5z.
An algebraic expression is a combination of one or more terms. Terms can be separated from another
term with the use of operational symbol plus (+) or minus (-) sign only. Consider the example below:
Algebraic Expression Number of terms Explanation
Only 1 term because there are no plus or minus sign present on
-5 1 the expression. A term with no variable is called the constant
term.
4𝑥 2 𝑦 Only term only because there is no plus or minus sign that
1
𝑧 separate the expression.
There are 2 terms. The first term is b and the second term is 6.
𝑏+6 2
These terms are separated by a plus sign.
5𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 6 3 There are 3 terms separated by a minus sign and a plus sign.
.
A polynomial is a special kind of algebraic expression where in each term, (constant, variable or a
combination of both) the variable/s is/are raised to whole number exponents. Thus, all polynomials are
algebraic expression but not all algebraic expressions are polynomials.
Polynomial Conclusion
𝑎2 +𝑏 These are all polynomials since the exponents of the variables are whole numbers.
5, 𝑥 2 ,
5
3𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 + 1 This is a polynomial because the exponents of the variable x are all whole numbers.
This polynomial has 3 terms.
𝑥√5 + 3 This is a polynomial which can be written as √5𝑥 + 3. The exponent of x is 1 which
is a whole number. This is a polynomial with two terms.
𝑥 This is a polynomial since the exponents of x are 4 and 1 which are whole numbers.
−3𝑥 4 −
2 1
It can also be written as −3𝑥 4 − 𝑥 . This polynomial has 2 terms.
2
√𝑥 − 4 If the variable is inside the radical sign (√ ) then the algebraic expression is NOT a
polynomial.
1 If one of the variables is raised to a fraction, then the given algebraic expression is
2𝑥 3 − 21
NOT a polynomial.
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Classifying Polynomials
𝑎5 − 𝑎3 + 2𝑎2 − 3𝑎 + 5
Standard Form
In writing polynomial in standard form, we need to arrange the degree of the terms in ascending order.
Example:
5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 5
After identifying the degree of each term, arrange them according to their degree. Note that the sign of
the term follows when you arrange it by their degree.
Term −3𝑥 4 2𝑥 3 5𝑥 2 −𝑥 5
Degree of the term 4 3 2 1 0
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
The standard form of 5𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 5 is −𝟑𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + 𝟓.
The advantage of arranging the polynomial in standard form is you can easily identify the degree of the
polynomial, the leading term, and the constant term
Degree of the polynomial
Activities
1
1) 3𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 − 2 2) 2𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑥 4
3) 14𝑏 4 − 3 4) 6𝑦 7 + 3𝑦 3 − 3𝑦 2 + 7
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Remember
In translating an English phrase to mathematical phrase, always take note of the following:
Assign any letter of the English alphabet to one unknown quantity.
Write a mathematical expression for any unknown quantities in the term of the same letter of the
English alphabet you have chosen.
Identify keyword and phrases that refers to operations with regards to mathematics i.e. addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and/or division)
The Linking Verb “is” is commonly translated as the equal sign, in symbol “= “.
𝒂𝒏 is the exponential expression whose exponent is raised to a whole number.
Variable is any letter or symbol to represent the unknown.
Constant is a term without a variable. Fixed value
Numerical coefficient is the number part on the given algebraic term, usually called the coefficient.
Literal coefficient is the variable part on the given term.
Algebraic expressions are any number, variable or collection of variables and numbers separated by at
least one operation or grouping symbols.
Algebraic terms or simply term is a mathematical expression that is divided into two parts: number part
and variable part. The operation between the two parts is multiplication.
Polynomial is a special kind of algebraic expression where in each term, the variable is raised to a whole
number exponents.
To determine the number of terms, consider the number of plus (+) or minus (-) sign present and count
the expression separated by them.
Degree of the term is determined by the exponent of the variable part.
Degree of the polynomial is based on the highest degree term.
Post-test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If x stands for a real number, what is the mathematical phrase that represents three more than the
number?
A. x - 2 C. x – 3
B. x + 3 D. - 3 + x
2. What is the English phrase of x - 7?
A. A number is differed by seven C. A number decreased by two
B. Seven is differed by a number D. A number less than seventy
3. What is the numerical coefficient of the term −𝑥 2 ?
A. −1 C. x
B. 2 D. −𝑥
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
4. What is the literal coefficient of the term – 𝑥 2 ?
A. −1 C. 𝑥 2
B. 2 D. −𝑥 2
5. What is the degree of the given polynomial 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1?
A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1
Reflection
Fill in answers to the different guide questions on what you have learned in doing your module.
Logically and critically formulated answers are much appreciated. Learn and Enjoy!
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
How much did you _______________________________
know about the _______________________________
subject before we _______________________________
started? What did _______________________________
you do when you _______________________________
find frustration
about the topic?
What process/es
did you encounter
to solve everyday
_______________________________
problems which
_______________________________ _______________________________
you find similar? In
_______________________________ what _______________________________
way/s did you
_______________________________ do it_______________________________
differently?
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________Give one thing you
would like to
_______________________________
_______________________________improve in solving _______________________________
_______________________________different problems _______________________________
_______________________________in your life after _______________________________
learning the lesson.
_______________________________ Explain. _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
_______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ ______________________________
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MATH 7 QUARTER 2 WEEK 3
Additional Activities
Across
1. 𝑐 + 5 means the ____ of a number and 5.
2. 9 minus 4 is equal ______.
3. 𝑚 + 8 means 8 __ than a number.
4. 𝑏 + 11 means a number _________by 11.
5. Increased, added to, sum and more than
are ________keywords.
6. 𝑟 ÷ 4 means the ____ of a number and 4.
Down
7. 6𝑘 means 6 ______ by a number.
8. 4s means the ______of 4 and a number.
9. Minus, deduct, decreased and less are
____________keywords.
10. 𝑝 ÷ 3 means a number ______by 3.
Activity: Poly-describe!
Fill in the table below. If there is no appropriate answer, please write none. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
𝟐
2. 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐𝟑 3. −𝒙𝟓 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 − 𝟐
𝟑
Terms
Terms
Numerical Coefficient Numerical
Literal coefficient Coefficient
Degree of the term Literal coefficient
Degree of the term
References:
Jacinto, Liwanag, et al, Conceptual Math and Beyond I: Elementary Algebra, Quezon City: Brilliant
Creations Publishing, Inc., 2012.
Nivera, Gladys, Elementary Algebra: Patterns and Practicalities, Makati: Don Bosco Press, Inc.,
2007.
Orines, Fernando, et al, Next Century Mathematics 7, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2012.
Oronce, Orlando and Mendoza, Marilyn, e-Math 7 (K to 12), Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2012.