CENTRAL MODERN SCHOOL

Session: 2021 – 2022

CLASS: IX
SUBJECT: HCG II-Geography
WEEK: 2nd August – 6th August
LESSON PLAN FOR: 3rd August, 2021
TOPIC: Volcanoes
PORTION OF THE DAY: Explanation from page 53-55

DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES
• Associated with weaker zones of the Earth’s crust which are also zones of
seismic activities. They are mostly found in areas of fold mountains.
• Associated with meeting zones of oceans and continents or mountain building
activities and plate boundaries. 15% are associated with divergent plate
boundaries and 80% with convergent plate boundaries. Some volcanoes are
found in the inter-plate regions.

MAIN VOLCANIC BELTS

Circum-Pacific belt
• Includes volcanoes of the eastern and western coastal areas of the Pacific
Ocean. This belt is also known as the Ring of Fire of the Pacific Ocean.
Begins from Antarctica and northwards through Andes of South America and
Rockies of North America to reach Alaska. Volcanoes of Sakhalin,
Kamchatka, Japan and Philippines. It merges with Mid-Continental belt in
Indonesia. Cotopaxi in Andes is the highest volcanic mountain in the world.
Others are Mt. Fujiyama, Mt. Shasta, Mt. rainier, Mt. St Helena.
Mid-Continental belt
• Includes volcanoes of the Alpine mountains and the Mediterranean Sea.
Caused due to convergence of the Eurasian Plates and African and Indian
Plates. Stromboli, Vesuvius, Etna, Kilimanjaro, Meru, Elgon, Rungwe, etc. are
in this belt. This is not continuous and has several volcanic free zones such
as Alps and Himalayas.
Mid-Atlantic belt
• Includes volcanoes along the Atlantic ridge which is divergent plate zone and
have mainly fissure type eruption. Fractures are also created. Iceland is the
most active area here.
Other than this there are many scattered volcanoes in the inner part of the continents
away from the plate margins whose cause is yet unknown.

EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Constructive Effects
• Lava gives rise to fertile soil
• Most of the precious stones are formed due to volcanic activities.
• Geysers and springs are tourist attractions and are also important from the
medical point of view due to chemicals dissolved in them.
 CENTRAL MODERN SCHOOL
Session: 2021 – 2022

• The crater lakes are sources of rivers and often offer scenic attractions for
tourists.
• Most of the volcanic rocks when exposed to surface are storehouse of metals
and minerals.
Destructive Effects
• Buries man-made infrastructure, kill human beings and animals, destroy
agricultural farm and pastures, plug and lakes, burn and destroy forests.
• Health hazards due to poisonous gases. Acid rain.
• Earthquakes caused due to explosive eruption can generate destructive tsunamis
leading to loss of life and property.
• Change the heat balance, causing global warming.
• Extinction of species like dinosaurs.

Do the work neatly in fair exercise book:

Worksheet

1. What is Ring of Fire?

2. Which type of plate boundaries are found in the Mid-Continental belt?
3. State any 2 destructive effects of volcanoes.

Important practice:

• Always wear facemask even when you are at home.

• Converse in English at home with parents, peers, siblings and cousins as
much as possible.
Note:

Submission of exercise book- to be informed later.

Teacher’s name: Sukanya Banerjee

Date: 30.07.2021