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Labor Requirement for Various Construction Works

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The cost of construction project highly depends on the requirements of labor for various activities during construction.

There are direct and indirect costs associated with the labor. They are the salary of labors, their accommodation, food, insurance cost
etc. Thus it is essential to understand the number labors required for each activity of the construction to estimate the final cost of
project.

Labor Requirement for Various Construction Works

There are different types of labors that are required for the construction:

Skilled labor
Semi-skilled labor
Unskilled labor

All these types of labors have different skills and different salaries. Their optimum use in every work in construction is essential to
minimize the construction cost.

The table below shows the recommended labor requirement for various civil engineering/building/construction works:

S.
Recommended
Description of work Unit Labor constant in
days.
No.

Mate 0.06

1) Excavation over areas (hard/dense soil),depth up to 1.5m and removal (up to one meter from edge) M3

Labor 0.62

Mate 0.05
Excavation in trenches (soft/ loose soil),for foundations not exceeding 1.5m in width and for shafts,
2) wells, cesspits and the like, not exceeding 10m3 and on plan, depth up to 1.5m and removal(up to one M3
meter away from edge)
Labor 0.50

Mate 0.02

Returning, filling and ramming of excavated earth in layers not exceeding 20 cm in depth, watering,
3) M3
well ramming and leveling, lead up to 50m Labor 0.25

Bhisti 0.02 
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4) Concrete : M3 Labor 0.50

Mixing by machine (mixer) at banker, cement concrete (with 20mm graded coarse Bhisti 0.10
aggregate)
Mixer 0.07
operator
0.07
Mixer

mason
0.10

Labor
1.63
bhisti
5) Mixer mixed cement concrete M3 0.70
mixer
0.07
operator
0.07
mixer
0.07
vibrator

mason
0.17

Labor
2.00
Reinforced cement concrete in situ in foundations, footings, bases for columns, etc excluding form bhisti
6) work and reinforcement. (The constants for items include mixing, pouring, consolidating and M3 0.90
curing. This does not include fair finish.) mixer
0.07
operator
0.07
mixer
0.07
vibrator

mason
0.24

Labor
2.50

Reinforced cement concrete in situ in suspended floors/roofs excluding form work, and
bhisti
7) M3 0.90
reinforcement.
mixer
0.07
operator
0.07
mixer
0.07
vibrator

Labor 0.75
Mortars:
8) Mixing by hand, cement mortar of any mix/proportions (Labor required will be M3
approximately same for different mix proportions.) Bhisti 0.07

9) Brick work (straight walls): M3 mason 0.94

Brick work in walls exceeding one brick thick, in cement / lime mortar (The constants
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 Labor 1.80

bhisti 0.20

mason 0.25

Brick work in walls, one brick thick, in cement/lime mortar. (The constants could be adopted for
10) M2
brick work with any mix or mortar.) Labor 0.40

bhisti 0.10

Carpenter 0.25
Formwork / Shuttering:
a) fabrication and erection with all supports, struts, braces, etc, and dressing with oil as M3 Labor 0.20
cleaning of formwork:

11)
Carpenter 0.23
1) rectangular column and walls M2
Labor 0.20
2) suspended floors/roofs
M2
Carpenter 0.30
3) sides and soffits of beam
Labor 0.20

Reinforcement: Bar bender 1.00

Bar reinforcement including cutting to length, hooked ends, cranking or bending,
12) Quintal
hoisting and placing in any position, binding wire and holding firmly so as not to be
disturbed while placing and ramming of concrete Labor 1.00

mason 0.08

Labor 0.10

bhisti 0.10
Plastering and pointing: M2
a) 15mm thick cement plaster to ceiling including mixing of mortar. mason 0.06
13)
b) 15mm thick cement plaster on brick walls (exterior) including mixing of mortar M2 Labor 0.10

c) Tuck pointing to random rubble masonry in cement mortar including mixing mortar. M2 bhisti 0.10

mason 0.10

Labor 0.15

bhisti 0.10

Mason 0.10
Damping proof course:
14) a) Laying damp proof course 40mm thick cement concrete including form work and fair M3
Labor 0.10
finishing to edges and mixing.
bhisti 0.01

Note: Bhisti means water carrier.

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