Handout RA10121

The Philippines is exposed to natural and human-induced hazards due to its
geography and geology as well as the presence of internal disputes in some areas.
Between 1990 and 2006, the annual direct damages caused by disasters amount to
PhP20 billion every year or roughly 0.5% of the GDP on the average, according to
the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).1
However, the losses caused by tropical storm Ondoy and typhoon Pepeng in 2009 is
estimated to be about 2.7% of the GDP that year. 2 These are compelling reasons
why the Philippines should adopt disaster risk reduction and management.
Hazards – both natural and human induced – happen due to geological,

meteorological, hydrological, oceanic, biological, and technological sources,
sometimes acting in combination. Recorded history tells us that the Filipino people
have borne loss of lives, injury and other health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage,
and the negative effects have even risen. Our communities, towns and cities have
become more susceptible to the damaging effects of hazards. Most frequent are
hydrometeorological hazards - tropical cyclones and secondary hazards of heavy
rainfall, flood and windstorm.
Hazards are of different intensities for different areas and levels of

vulnerability, as determined from historical evidence and scientific analysis.
Disasters can be avoided and mitigated. Numerous projects and activities have
been undertaken by various Philippine stakeholders and agencies in disaster risk
reduction and management for the past several years to build people’s capacities
and resilience to disasters. However, sustaining the positive results and scaling
them up to effect rippling positive changes in the lives of the people have been
constant challenges. Threats remain. Disasters and people’s risk to disasters are still
present.
1 Senate of the Philippines Press Release, “Legarda Lauds Adoption of the Incheon Resolution of the Philippine
Parliamentarians on Effective Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation”, 17 July 2011
2 ADRC Visiting Researcher, Philippines Country Report to ADRC 2011, undated.
http://www.adrc.asia/countryreport/PHL/2011/FY2011A_PHL_CR.pdf
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (RA 10121) Page 2
DISASTERS
01. The need to give importance to disasters
Disasters cause the destruction of communities, death of millions, and

collapse of people's livelihoods. Disasters leave indelible impacts on physical
landscapes and on people's minds. In development terms, disasters can mean
serious economic impact on nations, communities, and households. For a
developing nation like the Philippines, disasters also pose major hurdles for the
achievement of its goals.3
The Philippines is one of the world's most disaster prone nations. The
exposure of the Philippines to disasters can be attributed to its geographical and
3Philippines Country Report on Disaster Management Report, 3rd AIPA Caucus Report, undated.
http://www.aipasecretariat.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/3.Disaster-Response-Management.pdf (
physical characteristics. Earthquakes are common and volcanoes abound because
the country is in the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Philippines also absorbs the full
strength of typhoons that develop in the Pacific Ocean.
Aside from natural causes, the Philippines also experiences human‐induced

disasters. These are brought about by hazards that are of political and socio‐
economic origins and inappropriate and ill‐applied technologies. Many are forced to
evacuate during times of conflict. People die from earthquakes primarily because of
the collapse of substandard buildings. The health of people is severely affected
because of industrial and domestic waste that pollutes the water, land and air.
Hazards become disasters only if vulnerable people and resources are

exposed to them. People who live in poverty and adverse socio‐economic conditions
are highly vulnerable to disasters.4 The most vulnerable sectors include the poor,
the sick, people with disabilities, the elderly, women and children. Although many
people may be affected, these vulnerable sectors will have the least capacity to
recover from the impact of a disaster.
02. History of Disaster Risk Management
During the Commonwealth days, two (2) executive orders were issued by
the late President Manuel L. Quezon, Pnamely, Executive Order Nos. 335 and 337.
Executive Order No. 335 created the Civilian Emergency Administration (CEA),
which was tasked primarily through the National Emergency Commission (NEC) to
formulate and execute policies and plans for the protection and welfare of the
civilian population under extraordinary and emergency conditions.
During the Japanese occupation, the puppet government under President

Jose P. Laurel issued Executive Order No. 36 which created the Civilian Protection
4 Gatmaytan D. B., “Implementing the Sustainable Development Directive of the Constitution”, in Philippine Law
Journal, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp1-25, 2005.
http://law.upd.edu.ph/plj/images/files/PLJ%20volume%2080/PLJ%20volume%2080%20number%201%20-01-
%20Dante%20B.%20Gatmaytan%20-
%20Implementing%20the%20Sustainable%20Development%20Directive%20of%20the%20Constitution.pdf
Service (CPS) which was empowered to formulate and execute plans and policies
for the protection of civilian population during air raids and other national
emergencies. The Civilian Protection Service functioned through a Civilian Protection
Administration (CPA) which was composed of three members, namely, the Civilian
Protection Administrator, the Chief of the Air Warden and the Chief of the Medical
and First Aid Service.
Our experience during World War II, the country's vulnerability to all types of
disasters particularly typhoons and floods, and the nuclear arms race of the three
superpowers in the 1950's, have prompted the government to promulgate a law -
Republic Act 1190, otherwise known as the Civil Defense Act of 1954.
Under this law, a National Civil Defense Administration (NCDA) was

established which was tasked primarily to provide protection and welfare to the
civilian population during war or other national emergencies of equally grave
character. To support the NCDA in carrying out its mission, RA 1190 also provided
for the establishment of civil defense councils at the national and local levels,
namely: the National Civil Defense Council (NCDC) and the provincial, city and
municipal civil defense councils.
On October 19, 1970, as an aftermath of Typhoon "Sening" which ravaged

the Bicol Region, the flooding of Metro Manila for almost three months, a Disaster
and Calamities Plan prepared by an Inter-Departmental Planning Group on
Disasters and Calamities, was approved by the President. The Plan has provided,
among others, the creation of a National Disaster Control Center.
NCDA was abolished and transferred its functions and personnel and those
of the NDCC to a newly created agency - the Office of Civil Defense (OCD), which
was entrusted the mission of ensuring the protection and welfare of the people
during disasters or emergencies.
On June 11, 1978, PD 1566 was issued to strengthen the Philippine disaster
control capability and to establish a community disaster preparedness program
nationwide. Among the salient provisions of the Decree are the following:
 State policy on self-reliance among local officials and their constituents in

responding to disasters or emergencies;
 Organization of disaster coordinating councils from the national down to the
municipal level;
 Statement of duties and responsibilities of the National Disaster Coordinating
Council (NDCC), RDCCs and LDCCs;
 Preparation of the National Calamities and Disaster Preparedness Plan
(NCDPP) by OCD and implementing plans by NDCC member-agencies;
 Conduct of periodic drills and exercises; and
 Authority for government units to program their funds for disaster
preparedness activities in addition to the 2% calamity fund as provided for in
PD 474 (amended by RA 8185).
THE BIRTH OF RA 10121
03. The DRRM Act of 2010
Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 (DRRM Act) is a new law which transforms the Philippines’
disaster management system from disaster relief and response towards disaster risk
reduction (DRR). It was approved on May 27, 2010. It repealed Presidential Decree
No. 1566 which was enacted way back in 1978.
The act provides for the development of policies and plans and the
implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk
reduction and management, including good governance, risk assessment and early
warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing underlying factors
and preparedness for recovery.
04. The rationale for the enactment of a new law
Under the old law (P.D. 1566), disaster management centered only on the
hazard and the impacts of a disaster. It assumed that disasters cannot be avoided.
Most of the plans were on the provision of relief goods and infrastructures like dikes
an flood control systems. The government’s response to disaster was focused on
disaster response. The national and local governments were reactive to disasters.
Development will remain backwards if this continued. The DRRM Act comes
at a time when the Philippines grapples for answers to the ever increasing risk of its
people to disasters, particularly in the face of intensified global climate change. 5
We need a more proactive approach to managing disaster risks. The DRRM

Act transforms and reforms the way we deal with disasters. We now recognize that
impacts of disasters can be reduced by addressing the root cause of disaster risks.
The government shifts its focus from disaster response to disaster risk reduction
(DRR). This puts more emphasis on strengthening people’s capacity to absorb
stress, maintain basic functions during a disaster and bounce back better from
disasters. The DRRM Act institutionalizes the best practices of local communities
which have been implementing effective DRMM in their respective areas.
PD 1566 RA 10121
Topdown and Bottom-up and
centralized disaster participatory disaster
management risk redeuction
Disasters as merely a Disaster mainly a

function of physical reflection of peoples
hazards vulnerability
Focus on disaster Integrated approach to

response and genuine social and
anticipation human development to
reduce disaster risk
Paradigm Shift with the enactment of RA 10121
5“Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Subnational Development and Land Use/Physical Planning in the
Philippines Guidelines”, ECHA, UNDP and NEDA, 2008.
http://www.neda.gov.ph/references/Guidelines/DRR/Guidelines%20on%20Mainstreaming%20DRR%20in%20Subn
ational%20Development%20Land%20Use%20Planning.pdf
05. The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)
The United Nations General Assembly convened a World Conference on

Disaster Reduction, to be held in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, from 18 to 22 January
2005. The result is the first plan to explain, describe and detail the work that is
required from all different sectors and actors to reduce disaster losses. It was
developed and agreed on with the many partners needed to reduce disaster risk -
governments, international agencies, disaster experts and many others - bringing
them into a common system of coordination. The HFA outlines five priorities for
action, and offers guiding principles and practical means for achieving disaster
resilience. Its goal is to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015 by building the
resilience of nations and communities to disasters. This means reducing loss of lives
and social, economic, and environmental assets when hazards strike.6
Governance
Risk Knowledge
Assessment Management
Disaster Risk
Reduction
Disaster Vulnerability
Preparedness Reduction
Priorities for action under the HFA
6 https://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa
06. Salient features of RA 10121
Presidential Decree No. 1566 focused on disaster control, while the DRMM
Act focuses on disaster risk reduction and management. The former law comes into
play after the happening of a disaster, while the latter law provides mechanisms
prior to the happening of a disaster. As such, Section 3(n) of the DRRM Act defines
disaster risk reduction as the “concept and practice of reducing disaster risks
through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters,
including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people
and property, wise management of land the environment, and improved
preparedness for adverse events.” This is in line with the State’s policy, as provided
in Section 2(a) of the same law, which is to “uphold the people’s constitutional
rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to
disasters, strengthening the country’s institutional capacity for disaster risk
reduction and management and building the resilience of local communities to
disasters including climate change impacts.”
In brief, it aims to provide: (a) coherence with international framework; (b)

adherence to universal norms, principles, and standards of humanitarian assistance;
(c) good governance through transparency and accountability; (d) strengthened
institutional mechanism for DRRM; (e) integrated, coordinated, multi‐sectoral, inter‐
agency, and community‐based approach to disaster risk reduction; (f)
empowerment of local government units (LGUs) and civil society organizations
(CSOs) as key partners in disaster risk reduction; (g) integration of the DRRM into
the educational system; (h) establishment of the DRRM Fund (DRRMF) at the
national and local levels; and (i) providing for provisions on the declaration of a
state of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited acts and penalties.
07. Disaster Response vs. Disaster Risk Reduction
The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or

immediately after a disaster in order to save lives reduces health impacts, ensure
public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster
response is predominantly focused on immediate and short‐term needs and is
sometimes called “disaster relief”. It involves knowing about the hazard contingency
plan, monitoring the hazards through warning systems and mitigating it by means
of infrastructures. On the other hand, A systematic effort to analyze and manage
the causes of disasters by reducing vulnerabilities and enhancing capacities in order
to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the probability of disaster. It takes
into account the vulnerability and capacity of a community that make it susceptible
or capable of coping and recovering from the damaging effects of disaster. This is
done by alleviating poverty, providing strong governance, ensuring for food security
and quality education.7
08. Policy Considerations
Sec. 2 of RA 10121 provides, among others, that it shall be the policy of the
State to:
(a) Uphold the people's constitutional rights to life and property by addressing
the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters;
(b) Adhere to and adopt the universal norms, principles and standards of
humanitarian assistance and the global effort on risk reduction as concrete
expression of the country's commitment to overcome human sufferings due
to recurring disasters;
(c) Incorporate internationally accepted principles of disaster risk management
in the creation and implementation of national, regional and local sustainable
development and poverty reduction strategies, policies, plans and budgets;
7Llosa S. and Zodrow I., “Disaster Risk Reduction Legislation as a Basis for Effective Adaptation, Global Assessment
Report on Disaster Reduction 2011”, ISDR, 2011.
http://www.preventionweb.net/english/hyogo/gar/2011/en/bgdocs/Llosa_&_Zodrow_2011.pdf
(d) Adopt a disaster risk reduction and management approach that is holistic,
comprehensive, integrated, and proactive in lessening the socioeconomic
and environmental impacts of disasters including climate change, and
promote the involvement and participation of all sectors and all stakeholders
concerned, at all levels, especially the local community;
(e) Develop, promote, and implement a comprehensive National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) that aims to strengthen the
capacity of the national government and the local government units (LGUs),
together with partner stakeholders, to build the disaster resilience of
communities, and' to institutionalize arrangements and measures for
reducing disaster risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing
disaster preparedness and response capabilities at all levels;
(f) Mainstream disaster risk reduction and climate change in development
processes such as policy formulation, socioeconomic development planning,
budgeting, and governance, particularly in the areas of environment,
agriculture, water, energy, health, education, poverty reduction, land-use
and urban planning, and public infrastructure and housing, among others;
(g) Recognize and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in
mitigating and preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the impact
of disasters; and
(h) Engage the participation of civil society organizations (CSOs), the private
sector and volunteers in the government's disaster risk reduction programs
towards complementation of resources and effective delivery of services to
the Citizenry
ENTITIES INVOLVED IN THE DRRM
09. Implementing bodies of DRRM
National government. The different government departments and agencies

with responsibilities related to DRRM are constituted as members of the National
DRRM Council (NDRRMC) to ensure consistency in the DRRM policies, plans and
programs of the government (Sec. 5).
Local government units (LGU). LGUs are considered as the frontliners and
“first responders” in every disaster event (Sec. 15). They take the lead in preparing
for, responding to, and recovering from the effects of any disaster.
Civil society organizations (CSO), the private sector and volunteers. Civil
society organizations and the private sector play key formal and informal roles in
effective DRRM. They complement and enhance the government’s resources and
efforts in implementing an effective DRRM. Their participation and involvement in
all aspects of DRRM from planning to implementation is ensured through their
membership at all levels of governance and through an accreditation process (Sec.
13). Examples of CSOs are cooperatives, people’s organizations, neighborhood
associations, nongovernment organizations, church‐based organizations and
academic institutions.
Communities. Communities, including the most vulnerable sectors, are both

disaster victims and agents of change. It is crucial to strengthen, institutionalize
and scale up the skills, knowledge and innovative practices that they have initiated
and sustained in DRRM. Their active and substantive participation at all levels of
DRRM coordination is recognized since they are most familiar with their situation.
They themselves shall determine which approach is most appropriate for them
(Sec. 2.d and Sec. 12.d).
10. DRRM Structure
The DRRM Act clarified the distinction between oversight versus

implementation of DRRM in order to strengthen the capacities of local governments.
It broadened the membership of the DRRM Councils at all levels. It also recognizes
the importance of local communities by institutionalizing the participation of civil
society organizations and the private sectors.
Lead Agencies Implementating Agencies

Coordinate and collaborate with the
Perform the activities to achieve the
different implementing partners to ensure
specific outcomes
that the activities are operationalized
Work with other implementing partners
Monitor the progress of the activities
within the context of coordination,
collaboration and partnership
Evaluate the implementation development
Submit report to the Agency Leads
and program efficiency
Consolidate reports from the
implementing partners and submit to the
respective vice chairperson of the DRRM
priority area
National
DCC / OCD
Regional DCC
Provincial DCC
City/Municial DCC
Barangay DCC
DRRM Structure under PD 1566
OVERSEEING IMPLEMENTING
National
OCD
DRRMC
National OCD
DRRMC Regional
Provincial Provincial
DRRMC DRRMO
City/Munici City/Munici
al DRRMC al DRRMO
Barangay Barangay
Develomen DRRM
t Council Committee
DRRM Structure under RA 10121
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) is

a multisectoral body composed of the heads of the different executive departments
of government, government institutions, local government associations, civil society
organizations, and the private sector. It shall oversee the DRRM system in the
Philippines.
DND
Chair
DILG DOST NEDA

DSWD
Vice Chair for Disaster Vice Chair for Prevention Vice Chair for
Preparedness Vice Chair for Response & Mitigation Rehabilitation and
Recovery
Organizational Structure of NDRRMC
The National Council shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of

National Defense (DND) as Chairperson with the Secretary of the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster
Preparedness, the Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Response, the Secretary of the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation, and the Director-General of the National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA) as Vice Chairperson for Disaster Rehabilitation and
Recovery.
The National Council's members shall be the following:
AFD DA DBM DO E DOH
DOF DOJ DOLE DOT DOTC
Executive
DTI PNRC OCD Secretary
\
Old members of the Council
CHED CCC DPWH DFA HUDCC
GSIS NCRFW OPAPP PHIC PNP
SSS LCP LPP LMP LMP
NAPC- Press Private

ULAP
VDC Secretary Sector
New Members of the Council
The National Council, being empowered with policy-making, coordination,
integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions, shall have the
following powers and functions:
(a) Develop a NDRRMF which shall provide for comprehensive, all-hazards,

multi-sectoral, inter-agency and community-based approach to disaster risk
reduction and management. The Framework shall serve as the principal
guide to disaster risk reduction and management efforts in the country and
shall be reviewed on a five(5)-year interval, or as may be deemed necessary,
in order to ensure its relevance to the times;
(b) Ensure that the NDRRMP is consistent with the NDRRMF;
(c) Advise the President on the status of disaster preparedness, prevention,

mitigation, response and rehabilitation operations being undertaken by the
government, CSOs, private sector, and volunteers; recommend to the
President the declaration of a state of calamity in areas extensively
damaged; and submit proposals to restore normalcy in the affected areas, to
include calamity fund allocation;
(d) Ensure a multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating,

and sharing of a Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Information
System and Geographic Information System-based national risk map as
policy, planning and decision-making tools;
(e) Establish a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide
accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response
organizations and to the general public through diverse mass media to
include digital and analog broadcast, cable, satellite television and radio,
wireless communications, and landline communications;
(f) Develop appropriate risk transfer mechanisms that shall guarantee social
and economic protection and increase resiliency in the face of disaster;
(g) Monitor the development and enforcement by agencies and organizations
of the various laws, guidelines, codes or technical standards required by this
Act;
(h) Manage and mobilize resources for disaster risk reduction and
management including the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Fund;
(i) Monitor and provide the necessary guidelines and procedures. on the
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) releases as
well as utilization, accounting and auditing thereof;
(j) Develop assessment tools on the existing and potential hazards and risks
brought about by climate change to vulnerable areas and ecosystems in
coordination with the Climate Change Commission;
(k) Develop vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms for a more

coherent implementation of disaster risk reduction and management policies
and programs by sectoral agencies and LGUs;
(l) Formulate a national institutional capability building program for disaster

risk reduction and management to address the specific' weaknesses of
various government agencies and LGUs, based on the results of a biennial
baseline assessment and studies;
(m) Formulate, harmonize, and translate into policies a national agenda for
research and technology development on disaster risk reduction and
management;
(n) In coordination with the Climate Change Commission, formulate and

implement a framework for climate change adaptation and disaster risk
reduction and management from which all policies, programs, and projects
shall be based;
(o) Constitute a technical management group composed of representatives
of the abovementioned departments, offices, and organizations, that shall
coordinate and meet as often as necessary to effectively manage and sustain
national efforts on disaster risk reduction and management;
(p) Task the OCD to conduct periodic assessment and performance

monitoring of the member-agencies of the NDRRMC, and the Regional
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (RDRRMCs), as defined in
the NDRRMP; and
(q) Coordinate or oversee the Implementation of the country's obligations

with disaster management treaties to which it IS a party and see to It that
the country's disaster management treaty obligations be incorporated in its
disaster risk reduction and management frameworks, policies, plans,
programs and projects.8
8 Sec. 6, RA10121
OFFICE OF THE CIVIL DEFENSE
The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) shall have the primary mission of
administering a comprehensive national civil defense and disaster risk reduction and
management program by providing leadership in the continuous development of
strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to reduce the
vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters.
The OCD shall have the following powers and functions:
(a) Advise the National Council on matters relating to disaster risk reduction
and management consistent with the policies and scope as defined in this
Act;
(b) Formulate and implement the NDRRMP and ensure that the physical
framework, social, economic and environmental plans of communities, cities,
municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan. The National
Council shall approve the NDRRMP;
(c) Identify, assess and prioritize hazards and risks in consultation with key
stakeholders;
(d) Develop and ensure the implementation of national standards in carrying

out disaster risk reduction programs including preparedness, mitigation,
prevention, response and rehabilitation works, from data collection and
analysis, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation;
(e) Review and evaluate the Local Disaster risk Reduction and Management
Plans (LDRRMPs) to facilitate the integration of disaster risk reduction
measures into the local Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) and
Comprehensive Land-Use Plan (CLUP);
(f) Ensure that the LGUs, through the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Offices (LDRRMOs) are properly informed and adhere to the
national standards and programs;
(g) Formulate standard operating procedures for the deployment of rapid

assessment teams, information sharing among different government
agencies, and coordination before and after disasters at all levels;
(h) Establish standard operating procedures on the communication system

among provincial, city, municipal, and barangay disaster risk reduction and
management councils, for purposes of warning and alerting them and for
gathering information on disaster areas before, during and after disasters;
(i) Establish Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training Institutes in
such suitable location as may be deemed appropriate to train public and
private individuals, both local and national, in such subject as disaster risk
reduction and management among others. The Institute shall consolidate
and prepare training materials and publications of disaster risk reduction and
management books and manuals to assist disaster risk reduction and
management workers in the planning and implementation of this program
and projects. The Institute shall conduct research programs to upgrade know
ledge and skills and document best practices on disaster risk reduction and
management. The Institute is also mandated to conduct periodic awareness
and education programs to accommodate new elective officials and members
of the LDRRMCs;
(j) Ensure that all disaster risk reduction programs, projects and activities
requiring regional and international support shall be in accordance with duly
established national policies and aligned with international agreements;
(k) Ensure that government agencies and LGUs give toppriority and take
adequate and appropriate measures in disaster risk reduction and
management;
(l) Create an enabling environment for substantial and sustainable

participation of CSOs, private groups, volunteers and communities, and
recognize their contributions in the government's disaster risk reduction
efforts;
(m) Conduct early recovery and post-disaster needs assessment

institutionalizing gender analysis as part of it;
(n) Establish an operating facility to be known as the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Operations Center (NDRRMOC) that shall be
operated and staffed on a twenty-four (24) hour basis;
(o) Prepare the criteria and procedure for the enlistment of accredited
community disaster volunteers (ACDVs). It shall include a manual of
operations for the volunteers which shall be developed by the OCD in
consultation with various stakeholders;
(p) Provide advice and technical assistance and assist in mobilizing necessary
resources to increase the overall capacity of LGUs, specifically the low
income and in high-risk areas;
(q) Create the necessary offices to perform its mandate as provided under
this Act; and
(r) Perform such other functions as may be necessary for effective

operations and implementation of this Act.9
9 Sec. 9, RA10121
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT PLAN (NDRMMP)
The NDRRMP is a road map on how DRRM shall contribute to sustainable

development. It fulfills the requirement of RA No. 10121 of 2010, which defines
national disaster risk reduction and management as “the systematic process of
using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities
to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen
the impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster.”10
The NDRRMP is the document formulated and implemented by the National

DRRM Council through the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) that sets out goals and
10 Sec. 2(z), RA 10121.
specific objectives for reducing disaster risks together with related actions to
accomplish these objectives. It outlines the activities aimed at strengthening the
capacity of the national government and local government units together with
partner stakeholders, to build disaster resilience of communities and to
institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing disaster risks, including
projected climate risks and enhancing disaster preparedness and response and
response capabilities at all levels.
By law, the Office of Civil Defense formulates and implements the NDRRMP
and ensures that the physical framework, social, economic and environmental plans
of communities, cities, municipalities and provinces are consistent with such plan.
The overall vision is “safer, adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino

communities toward sustainable development.” It conveys a paradigm shift from
reactive to proactive DRRM wherein men and women have increased their
awareness, understanding on DRRM with the end in view of increasing people’s
resilience and decreasing their vulnerabilities. This is contained in the national
framework, serves as “the principal guide to disaster risk reduction and
management (DRRM) efforts to the country…”, as detailed by RA No. 10121.
The NDRRMP is the product of a consultative multi-stakeholder consultative

process that started after the approval of the framework on June 16, 2011.
Representatives from the national government and line agencies, leagues of local
government units, civil society organizations represented by the DRR Network
Philippines, and regional DRRM Councils represented by regional directors of the
OCD comprised the NDRRMP Task Force, which in turn was created by the
Technical Management Group of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council.
Looking into various national and government reports on activities related to

disaster risk reduction (DRR), the Task Force also reviewed the progress of the
implementation of the Strategic National Action Plan (Strengthening Disaster Risk
Reduction in the Philippines) 2009-2019 (SNAP) since it adoption in 2009 vis-a-vis
RA No. 10121, the framework and the Hyogo Framework for Action.
The four (4) Priority Areas which correspond to the structure of the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and Managemnt Council (NDRRMC), namely a vice-
chairperson for (1) disaster prevention and mitigation; (2) disaster preparedness;
(3) disaster response; and (4) rehabilitation and recovery.
disaster
prevention
and
mitigation
Safer,
adaptive and
disaster
disaster disaster
preparedne
ss resilient response
FIlipino
community
rehabilitatio
n and
recovery
The Priorities Areas:
 mutually reinforce and complement each other

 do not, should not and cannot stand along as they are inextricably linked
 have no clear starting nor ending points between each other and overlaps
are expected
 are centered on problem-needs and asset-strengths
 point to one direction, i.e. reduce people’s vulnerabilities and increasing their
capacities.
The NDRRMP is scheduled to commence in 2011, immediately after its
approval from the members of the National DRRM Council members. In general, the
set of activities are divided into three timelines, with the first two having two (2)
years interval while the last one with five (5) years, to wit: Short term, 2011 –
2013; Medium term, 2014 – 2016; and Long term, 2017 – 2028. At medium-term,
NDRRMP shall have contributed to meeting MDG targets and HFA commitments.
The activities identified under the short and medium terms coincide with and
complement the targets made under the Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016.
Results-based programming shall be used in ensuring that implementation is

on time and learning from experiences is built into the DRRM system. The OCD
shall develop a standard monitoring and evaluation template together with the
Technical Management Group. The stepwise monitoring and evaluation process
includes the LGU, regional and national levels. Annual reporting is done by the
NDRRMC through the OCD to the Office of the President, Senate and House of
Representatives, within the quarter of the succeeding year.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION ON
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Local government units are expected to be at the frontline of emergency

measures in the aftermath of disasters to ensure the general welfare of its
constituents, according to the Local Government Code of 1991.
As first responders, they should be proactive in performing disaster-related

activities, from preemptive evacuation to the restoration of people's livelihood. Local
DRRM managers are at the forefront of disaster reduction and risk management as
they take in the challenge of enhancing the resilience of their respective
communities where disaster incidents take place. This means strengthening their
institutional coping capacities, with RA 10121 requiring the establishment of
LDRRMOs in adaptive capacities of organizations and individuals.
11. State Policies
As part of its declared policies, the State shall strengthen the capacity of
LGUs for disaster risk reduction and management through decentralized powers,
responsibilities, and resources at the regional and local levels. It shall also recognize
and strengthen the capacities of LGUs and communities in mitigating and preparing
for, responding to, and recovering from the impact of disasters.11
12. EO No.137
Prior to the enactment of R.A. 10121, Executive Order No. 137, dated August
10, 1999 mandated the implementation of the Civil Defense Deputization Program
at the LGU level. Dedicated personnel from LGUs shall be designated by the Chair
of the National Disaster Coordinating Council as Deputized Civil Defense
Coordinators. Their primary role is to initiate and coordinate programs, projects,
and activities on civil protection and disaster management through an integrated
multi-sectoral approach. These deputies serve as Executive Officer to the Local
Disaster Coordinating Council.
13. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Network
 National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

 17 Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
 81 Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
 144 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
 1,490 Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
 42,027 Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council12
11 Section 2, Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, Republic Act No. 10121, (May 27,
2010)
12 Pama, A. (2015). NDRRM Framework and Command Structure. Earthquake Resilience Conference.
REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (RDRRMC)
The local and regional DRRMCs are important links in the national-local
chain. The RDRRMC takes the overall lead in ensuring that DRRM-sensitive regional
development plans contribute to and are aligned with the NDRRM Plan.
14. Functions and Responsibilities
Except for the policy making function of the NDRRMC, the RDRRMCs shall
likewise carry out coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation
functions covering Regional Council Member Agencies and the Local Disaster Risk
Reduction Management Councils (LDRRMCs) within their jurisdictions. The RDRRMC
shall also be responsible in ensuring risk-sensitive regional development plans, and
in case of emergencies, shall convene the different regional line agencies and
concerned institutions and authorities.
The RDRRMC Chairperson may tap the facilities and resources of other
government agencies and private sectors, for the protection of life and properties in
pursuit of disaster risk reduction and management.
The RDRRMCs shall constitute a technical working group composed of

representatives of the member agencies that shall coordinate and meet as often as
necessary to effectively manage and sustain regional efforts on disaster risk
reduction and management.13
The RDRRMCs shall establish an operating facility on a 24-hour basis, to be

known as the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Operations Center
(RDRRMOC). (SECTION 5 - IRR). They shall also establish their respective
Emergency Operations Center (EOC), subject to exemptions granted by the
14
Regional Council, and shall designate a focal officer for DRRM.
15. Officers
The civil defense officers of the OCD who are or may be designated as
Regional Directors of the OCD shall serve as chairpersons of the RDRRMCs. Its Vice
Chairpersons shall be the Regional Directors of the DSWD, the DILG, the DOST, and
the NEDA. In the case of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the
Regional Governor shall be the RDRRMC Chairperson. The existing regional offices
of the OCD shall serve as secretariat of the RDRRMCs. The RDRRMCs shall be
composed of the executives of regional offices and field stations at the regional
level of the government agencies.15
13Section 3, Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10121, IRR-RA 10121, (September 27, 2010)
14 Section 5, Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10121, IRR-RA 10121, (September 27, 2010)
2010
METRO MANILA DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (MMDRRMC)
In keeping with the provisions of Republic Act No. 7924 designating Metro
Manila as a special administrative region, the MMDRRMC shall be chaired by the
Chairperson of the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA). It shall also have
an organizational structure similar to that of the RDRRMCs to be composed of the
executives of MMDA departments or offices and/or regional offices or field stations
operating in the National Capital Region. OCD Civil Defense Officer designated as
Regional Director of the National Capital Region shall serve as the RDRRMC's Vice-
Chairperson on Disaster Preparedness or such other functions as may be
determined by the MMDRRMC Chair.16
16 Section 6, Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 10121, IRR-RA 10121, (September 27, 2010)
All other national government agencies operating in NCR shall be members
of the MMDRRMC.
LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
One of the changes brought about by RA 10121 is the discontinuance of the

Barangay Disaster Coordinating Councils, and their functions to be assumed by the
existing Barangay Development Councils (BDCs) which shall serve as the LDRRMCs
at the barangay level.17
17Section 11, Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, Republic Act No. 10121, (May 27,
2010
16. Functions
The LDRRMCs shall have the following functions:
 Approve, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the LDRRMPs and

regularly review and test the plan consistent with other national and local
planning programs;
 Ensure the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation into local development plans, programs and budgets as a strategy
in sustainable development and poverty reduction;
 Recommend the implementation of forced or preemptive evacuation of local
residents, if necessary; and
 Convene the local council once every three (3) months or as necessary.18
17. Officers
The LDRRMC is chaired by the Local Chief Executive and has 18 members,
composed of the following:
1. The Local Chief Executives, Chairperson;

2. The Local Planning and Development Officer, member;
3. The Head of the LDRRMO, member;
4. The Head of the Local Social Welfare and Development Office, member;
5. The Head of the Local Health Office, member;
6. The Head of the Local Agriculture Office, member;
7. The Head of the Gender and Development Office, member;
8. The Head of the Local Engineering Office, member;
9. The Head of the Local Veterinary Office, member;
10. The Head of the Local Budget Office, member; SEHDIC
11. The Division Head/Superintendent of Schools of the DepED, member;
2010)
12. The highest-ranking officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
assigned in the area, member;
13. The Provincial Director/City/Municipal Chief of the Philippine National Police
(PNP), member;
14. The Provincial Director/City/Municipal Fire Marshall of the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP), member;
15. The President of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC), member;
16. The Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), member;
17. Four (4) accredited CSOs, members; and
18. One (1) private sector representative, member.19
Moreover, under Sec. 2 of the IRR, the LDRRMC is encouraged to include the
following as its members:
19. The Provincial Director/City/Municipal Officer of the Department of Interior

and Local Government;
20. The Provincial Director/City/Municipal Officer of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resource;
21. The appropriate official of the Philippine Coast Guard or Forest Guard in the
locality, where applicable;
22. A Representative of the Sanggunian.
18. How will the LDRRMCs coordinate during a disaster?
The LDRRMCs shall take the lead in preparing for, responding to, and
recovering from the effects of any disaster based on the following criteria:
 The Barangay Disaster Council, if a barangay is affected;

 The city/municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council, if two (2) or more barangays are affected;
19 Ibid.
 The provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council, if two (2) or more cities/municipalities are affected;
 The regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council, if two (2) or more provinces are affected; and
 The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Councils, if two (2) or more regions are affected.
The NDRRMC and intermediary LDRRMCs shall always act as support to

LGUs which have the primary responsibility as first disaster responders. Private
sector and civil society groups shall work in accordance with the coordination
mechanism and policies set by the NDRRMC and concerned LDRRMCs.20
The LDRRMCs shall coordinate with the private sector and CSO groups
through the LDRRMO. The LDRRMO conduct continuous disaster monitoring and
mobilize volunteers to utilize their facilities and resources The LDRRMO shall
respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out recovery
activities in the affected area.
19. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO)
Under Section 12 (a) of R.A. 10121, “There shall be established an LDRRMO

in every province, city and municipality, and a Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Committee (BDRRMC) in every barangay which shall be
responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation and coordination
of disaster risk management programs within their territorial jurisdiction.” LDRRMO
is considered as a mandatory office and the BDRRMC, a mandatory committee.
2010)
20. Officers
The LDRRMO is under the office of the governor, city or municipal mayor,
and the punong barangay in case of the BDRRMC. The LDRRMOs shall be initially
organized and composed of a DRRMO to be assisted by three (3) staff responsible
for: (1) administration and training; (2) research and planning; and (3) operations
and warning. The LDRRMOs and the BDRRMCs shall organize, train and directly
supervise the local emergency response teams and the ACDVs.21
The provincial, city or municipal DRMM Officer, and 3 staff responsible for
administration and training, research and planning, and operations and warning are
considered mandatory positions.22
21. Functions
The LDRRMO or BDRRMC, within their territorial jurisdiction, shall be

responsible for setting the direction, development, implementation, and
coordination of DRRM programs, and shall perform the following functions and
those that may be authorized by the LDRRMC. Specific functions are divided among
its sub-offices23:
22. DRRM Research and Planning

1. Design, program, and coordinate DRRM activities, consistent with the
NDRRMC's standards and guidelines;
2. Facilitate and support risk assessments and contingency planning activities at
the local level;
3. Consolidate local disaster risk information which includes natural hazards,
vulnerabilities, and climate change risks, and maintain a local risk map;
2010)
22 NDRRMC, DILG, DBM and CSC Joint Memorandum Circular 2014-1, (April 4, 2014)
23 NDRRMC, DILG, DBM and CSC Joint Memorandum Circular 2014-1, (April 4, 2014)
4. Conduct research and development initiatives on DRRM;
5. Formulate and implement a comprehensive and integrated Local DRRM Plan
(LDRRMP) in accordance with the national, regional, and provincial
framework, and policies on DRR in close coordination with the Local
Development Council (LDC);
6. Prepare and submit to the Local Sanggunian through the Local DRRM Council
and the LDC the annual LDRRMO Plan and budget, the proposed
programming of the LDRRMF, other dedicated DRRM resources, and other
regular funding source/s and budgetary support of the LDRRMO or BDRRMC;
7. Maintain a database of human resource and their capacities, equipment,
directories, and location of critical infrastructures such as hospitals and
evacuation centers;
8. Serve as the Secretariat and executive arm of the Local DRRM Council
(LDRRMC);
9. Recommend through the LDRRMC the enactment of local ordinances
consistent with RA 10121;on the utilization of the LDRRMF and. other
dedicated DRRM resources to the local COA, copy furnished the regional
director of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) and the local government
operations officer of the DILG; and
10. Prepare and submit, through the LDRRMC and the LDC, the report on the
utilization of the LDRRMF and other dedicated DRRM resources to the local
COA, copy furnished the regional director of the Office of Civil Defense
(OCD) and the local government operations officer of the DILG; and
11. Involve the most vulnerable sectors (women, children, senior citizens, and
PWD) in risk assessment and planning.
23. DRRM Administration and Training
1. Organize and conduct training, orientation, and knowledge management
activities on DRRM at the local level;
2. Identify, assess and manage the hazards, vulnerabilities and risks that may
occur in their locality;
3. Identify and implement cost-effective risk reduction measures and strategies;
4. Disseminate information and raise public awareness about those hazards,
vulnerabilities, and risks;
5. Take all necessary steps on a continuing basis to maintain, provide, or
arrange the provision of, or to otherwise make available, suitably-trained and
competent personnel for effective civil defense and DRRM in its area;
6. Organize, train, equip and supervise the local emergency response teams
and the accredited community disaster volunteers(ACDVs), ensuring that
humanitarian aid workers are equipped with basic skills to assist mothers to
breastfeed; (ACDVs), ensuring that humanitarian aid workers are equipped
with basic skills to assist mothers to breastfeed;
7. Within its area, promote and raise public awareness of, and compliance with
RA 10121 and legislative provisions relevant to the purpose of the latter;
8. Implement policies, approve plans and programs of the LDRRMC consistent
with the policies and guidelines laid down in RA 10121;and
9. Train the most vulnerable sectors (women, children, senior citizens, and
PWD) in DRRM, especially in disaster preparedness.
24. DRRM Operations and Warning

1. Operate a multi-hazard early warning system, linked to DRR to provide
accurate and timely advice to national or local emergency response
organizations and to the general public, through diverse mass media,
particularly radio, landline communications, and technologies for
communication within rural communities;
2. Conduct continuous disaster monitoring and mobilize instrumentalities and
entities of the LGUs, CS0s, private groupsand organized volunteers, to utilize
their facilities and resources for the protection and preservation of life and
properties during emergencies in accordance with existing policies and
procedures;
3. Develop, strengthen, and operationalize mechanisms for partnership or
networking with the private sector, CS0s, and volunteer groups;
4. Respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergencies and carry out
recovery activities in the affected area, ensuring that there is an efficient
mechanism for immediate delivery of food, shelter and medical supplies for
women and children, endeavor to create a special place where internally-
displaced mothers can find help with breastfeeding, feed and care for their
babies and give support to each other;
5. Coordinate other DRRM activities;
6. Establish linkage and/or network with other LGUs for DRR and emergency
response purposes;
7. Establish a provincial, city or municipal, and barangay DRRM Operations
Center;
8. Give early warning to the most vulnerable sectors (women, children, senior
citizens, and PWD) to respond to their needs; and
9. Respond to and manage the adverse effects of emergency and carry out
recovery activities to the most vulnerable areas especially to the vulnerable
sectors (women, children, senior citizens, and PWD).
Every LGU should also create a Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (LDRRMP) covering 4 aspects of DRRM as specified in NDRRMC's
framework, namely: disaster preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation,
and rehabilitation and recovery. These LDRRMPs should be consistent with the
National DRRM Plan, and be implemented by Local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Offices in every province, city and municipality in the country.
ACCREDITATION, MOBILIZATION, AND PROTECTION
OF DISASTER VOLUNTEERS AND NATIONAL SERVICE
RESERVE CORPS, CSOS AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
The government agencies, CSOs, private sector and LGUs may mobilize
individuals or organized volunteers to augment their respective personnel
complement and logistical requirements in the delivery of disaster risk reduction
programs and activities. The agencies, CSOs, private sector, and LGUs concerned
shall take full responsibility for the enhancement, welfare and protection of
volunteers, and shall submit the list of volunteers to the OCD, through the
LDRRMOs, for accreditation and inclusion in the database of community disaster
volunteers.24
2010)
Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction Education into the School Curricula
and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Program and Mandatory Training for the Public
Sector Employees.
The DepED, the CHED, the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA), in coordination with the OCD, the National Youth Commission
(NYC), the DOST, the DENR, the DILG-BFP, the DOH, the DSWD and other relevant
agencies, has the duty to integrate disaster risk reduction and management
education in the school curricula of secondary and tertiary level of education,
including the National Service Training Program (NSTP), whether private or public,
including formal and nonformal, technical-vocational, indigenous learning, and out-
of-school youth courses and programs.25
The NDRRMC, the RDRRMCs, the LDRRMCs, the LDRRMOs, the BDRRMCs
and the SK councils shall encourage community, specifically the youth, participation
in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick
response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the
inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of the SK
programs and projects.26
The public sector employees shall be trained in emergency response and

preparedness. The training is mandatory for such employees to comply with the
provisions of this Act.
2010)
2010)
LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT FUND (LDRRMF)
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF). Not less
than five percent (5%) of the estimated revenue from regular sources shall be set
aside as the LDRRMF to support disaster risk management activities such as, but
not limited to, pre-disaster preparedness programs including training, purchasing
life-saving rescue equipment, supplies and medicines, for post-disaster activities,
and for the payment of premiums on calamity insurance.
The LDRRMC shall monitor and evaluate the use and disbursement of the
LDRRMF based on the LDRRMP as incorporated in the local development plans and
annual work and financial plan. Upon the recommendation of the LDRRMO and
approval of the sanggunian concerned, the LDRRMC may transfer the said fund to
support disaster risk reduction work of other LDRRMCs which are declared under
state of calamity.27
Quick Response Fund (QRF). Of the amount appropriated for LDRRMF, thirty
percent (30%) shall be allocated as QRF or stand-by fund for relief and recovery
programs in order that situation and living conditions of people in communities or
areas stricken by disasters, calamities, epidemics, or complex emergencies, may be
28
normalized as quickly as possible.
25. Special Trust Fund (STF)
Unexpended LDRRMF shall accrue to a STF solely for the purpose of

supporting disaster risk reduction and management activities of the LDRRMCs
within the next five (5) years. Any such amount still not fully utilized after five (5)
years shall revert back to the general fund and will be available for other social
services to be identified by the local sanggunian.29
2010)
28 Ibid
29 Ibid
26. Other Disaster Funds
Aside from the NDRRM Fund, RA No. 10174 or the People’s Survival Fund Act
provides longterm financing streams to finance local climate adaptation measures
and projects and serves as cushion to ease the impact of disasters on affected
families and workers. Specifically, it is used for adaptation activities that include
water resources management, land management, agriculture and fisheries, and
health, among others. In the 2016 national budget, PhP1 billion was allocated
under the People's Survival Fund.30
30Examining PH‟s Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Policy Brief, State Economic Planning Office,
(May, 2017)
LGU’S COMPLIANCE WITH RA 10121
The result of the examination conducted by the Commission on Audit of the

Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund for the year 2015 disclosed the following
observations31:
Section 11
There was no Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

(LDRRMO) created in 57 LGUs as required under Sec. 11 of RA 10121; thus,
disaster risk reduction and management activities and projects was not fully
implemented and monitored.
31Consolidated Report on the Audit of the Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund for the year ended December
2015, Commission on Audit, (January 10, 2017)
Section 12
The Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (LDRRM) functions of

seven LGUs were not efficiently and effectively discharged in accordance with the
provisions of RA 10121; thus, settling limits on the full attainment on the objectives
of the fund in the locality due to: a) Non-implementation of most of the projects in
the LDRRM Fund Investment Plan; b) Lack of Staff of MDRRMO; c) Charging of
projects that are not in the LDRRMFIP; and d) Non-utilization of donated funds
received. These LGUs include:
Section 21
Twenty-two LGUs failed to allocate funds for the Local Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF) in the aggregate amount of P
124,945,814.79 contrary to Sec. 21 of RA 10121; thus, there was no assurance that
the DRRM projects and programs of the concerned LGUs have been fully and
effectively implemented. Below are the LGUs which failed to allocate LDRRM Funds:
The unexpected/unutilized/unobligated LDRRMF balances in the total amount

of P3,048,997,505.28 of 183 LGUs in various regions was not transferred to the
Special Trust Fund (STF).
27. COA Circular 2012-002
Expenses for LDRRM activities, amounting to P31,792,359.72 were charged

against the QRF despite the absence of a declaration of state calamity in 12 LGUs.
Sec. 5.1.3 states that, “The release and use of the LDRRMF shall be
supported by the following documents: a. Local Sanggunian Resolution and the
declaration of state of calamity for the QRF; b. LDRRMFIP for projects and activities
listed in the approved plan as incorporated in the local development plan and
annual work and financial plan.”
28. Disaster Preparedness
The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) through the

Bureau of Local Government Supervision (BLGS) initiated a disaster preparedness
assessment in 2014 using disaster preparedness audits under the Seal of Good
Governance (SGLG). Overall, the preparedness rate of the country is at 73.9% for
the 1676 LGUs assessed composed of 77 provinces, 143 cities and 1,456
municipalities.32
32 National Disaster Preparedness Plan 2015-2018, Volume 1, NDRRMC, (2015)
DECLARATION OF STATE OF CALAMITY
29. State of Calamity
A condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages to property,

disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way of life of people in the
affected areas as a result of the occurrence of natural or human-induced hazard.
 The National Council shall recommend to the President of the Philippines the
declaration of a cluster of barangays, municipalities, cities, provinces, and
regions under a state of calamity, and the lifting thereof based on the criteria
set by the National Council.
o The President’s declaration may warrant international humanitarian
assistance as deemed necessary.
 The declaration and lifting of the state of calamity may also be issued by the
local sanggunian, upon the recommendation of the LDRRMC, based on the
results of the damage assessment and needs analysis.
 The National Council shall determine the criteria for the declaration and
lifting of a state of calamity including epidemics.
30. Some Instances When President/Local Sanggunian Declared State

Of Calamity
 President Rodrigo Duterte issued Proclamation No. 283, signed August 7,
2017, declaring a state of calamity in Ormoc City and Kananga Town in Leyte
following a 6.5 magnitude earthquake which occurred in early July. The
earthquake, which hit the area on July 6, caused buildings to collapse and
cut the power in some parts of Leyte, Samar, and Bohol. Two casualties
were reported. Ormoc City was to relocate some 1,500 families affected by
the earthquake.33
 President Benigno Aquino III issued Proclamation No. 682 or Memorandum
Circular 56, signed November 11, 2013, "Declaring a State of National
Calamity," due to the "widespread death, destruction, and incalculable
damage in several areas, including the Samar provinces, Leyte, Cebu, Iloilo,
Capiz, Aklan, and Palawan" caused by the typhoon Yolanda.34
 On October 11, 2017, the Zamboanga City Council declared a state of
calamity because of extensive damage to agriculture and infrastructure
following the massive flood and storm surge triggered by intertropical
convergence zone. At least 7 people were reported dead, 158 houses totally
destroyed, while 327 other houses were partially damaged. In the agriculture
sector, 1,150 farmers were affected by the floods that destroyed 310
33 “Duterte declares state of calamity in Ormoc and Kananga, Leyte”. Rappler.com. August 10, 2017.
https://www.rappler.com/nation/178364-duterte-state-calamity-ormoc-kananga-leyte.
34 Gutierrez, Natashya. “Aquino declares state of nat‟l calamity”. Rappler.com. November 11, 2013.
https://www.rappler.com/nation/43449-aquino-state-of-national-calamity-yolanda.
hectares of rice fields, 477 hectares of corn farms, and 144 hectares of
vegetable farms.35
 On September 13, 2017, the Laguna officials declared the province of
Laguna under state of calamity after Tropical depression “Maring” dumped
heavy rains, triggering widespread flooding which caused the said province
to suffer 12 million pesos damages on road and infrastructure and crop
losses of 6.7 million pesos.36
 Last August 11, 2017, the province of Pampanga has declared a state of
calamity following an outbreak of bird flu of San Luis. Around 37,000 fowls,
mostly quail and ducks, have died of the Avian Influenza Type A Subtype H5.
Six farms in Barangays San Carlos and Santa Rita in San Luis, Pampanga
were affected by the outbreak.37
35 Falcatan, Richard. “Zamboanga City under state of calamity”. Rappler.com. October 19, 2017.
https://www.rappler.com/nation/185748-zamboanga-city-council-state-of-calamity-typhoon-paolo.
36 Cinco, Maricar et al. “Laguna under state of calamity after „Maring‟ leaves P18-M in damage”. Inquirer.net.
September 13, 2017. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/930359/maring-laguna-state-of-calamity-agriculture-

infrastructure-damage.
37 Archangel, Xianne & Dizon, Justine. “Pampanga under state of calamity due to bird flu outbreak”.
cnnphilippines.com. August 14, 2017. http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/11/Pampanga-under-state-of-

calamity-due-to-bird-flu-outbreak.html.
REMEDIAL MEASURES
If a State of Calamity is declared by the National Government the following

will be implemented:
1. Price Control
2. Appropriation of Calamity Fund
3. Granting of No-Interest Loans
31. Price Control
Section 17 (a), Republic Act No. 10121
Imposition of price ceiling on basic necessities and prime commodities by the

President upon the recommendation of the implementing agency as provided for
under Republic Act No. 7581, otherwise known as the "Price Act", or the National
Price Coordinating Council;
Section 17(b), Republic Act No. 10121
Monitoring, prevention and control by the Local Price Coordination Council of

overpricing/profiteering and hoarding of prime commodities, medicines and
petroleum products;
Section 6, Republic Act No. 7581 (Price Act)
Unless otherwise declared by the President, prices of basic necessities in an

area shall automatically be frozen at their prevailing prices or placed under
automatic price control whenever:
(1) That area is proclaimed or declared a disaster area or

under a state of calamity;
(2) That area is declared under an emergency;
(3) The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended in
that area;
(4) That area is placed under martial law;
(5) That area is declared to be in a state of rebellion; or
(6) A state of war is declared in that area.
If the prevailing price of any basic necessity is excessive or unreasonable,

the implementing agency may recommend to the President the imposition of a price
ceiling for the sale of the basic necessity at a price other than its prevailing price.
Unless sooner lifted by the President, price control of basic necessities under
this section shall remain effective for the duration of the condition that brought it
about, but not for more than sixty (60) days. The terms "disaster" and "calamity"
shall include those brought about by natural or man-made causes, whether local or
foreign.
Section 7, Republic Act No. 7581 (Price Act)
32. Mandated Price Ceiling
The President, upon the recommendation of the implementing agency, or

the Price Coordinating Council, may impose a price ceiling on any basic necessity or
prime commodity if any of the following conditions so warrants:
(1) The impendency, existence, or effects of a calamity;

(2) The threat, existence, or effect of an emergency;
(3) The prevalence or widespread acts of illegal price
manipulation;
(4) The impendency, existence, or effect of any event that causes
artificial and unreasonable increase in the price of the basic
necessity or prime-commodity; and
(5) Whenever the prevailing price of any basic necessity or prime
commodity has risen to unreasonable levels
33. Granting Of No-Interest Loans
Section 17 (c), Republic Act No. 10121:
Granting of no-interest loans by government financing or lending institutions

to the most affected section of the population through their cooperatives or
people's organizations.
34. Government agencies that extend calamity or emergency loans

1. Government Service and Insurance System (GSIS) - The loan is payable in 3
years or 36 monthly installments. The loan bears an interest rate of 6% per
annum.
Extended to any GSIS Member who:
 Is in active service and not on leave of absence without
pay
 Has no pending criminal or administrative charges
 Has no missing/overdue debts in their monthly
contributions
 Has no loan that has been declared in default
 Is a resident or government employee in an area under
State of Calamity
2. Home Development Fund (PAG-IBIG) - Members can borrow up to 80% of

their Total Accumulated Value (TAV) subject to the terms and conditions of
the program. Calamity Loan Interest rate is 5.95% per annum. The loan is
amortized over 24 months, with a grace period of 3 months. Paying period
begins on the 4th month following their check date.
Extended to any PAG-IBIG member who:

 Has made at least 24 monthly savings
 Has made at least 5 monthly savings in the last 6 months
 Resides in an area under State of Calamity
3. Social Security System (SSS) - In the occurrence of a disaster, SSS will

decide and announce a calamity relief package for members to apply for.
For example, the following loan packages were given to applicant-victims of
the recent 7.2 earthquake in Bohol and Cebu:
 Direct House Repair and Improvement Loan with a
reduced interest rate
 Early renewal of salary loans
 Advanced SSS pensions for retirement, disability, and
survivorship
35. Appropiation of Calamity Fund38
Section 17(d), Republic Act No. 10121:
Programming/reprogramming of funds for the repair and safety upgrading of

public infrastructures and facilities;
The present Calamity Fund appropriated under the annual General

Appropriations Act shall henceforth be known as the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRM Fund) and it shall be used for disaster
risk reduction or mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities such as but not
limited to training of personnel, procurement of equipment, and capital
expenditures. It can also be utilized for relief, recovery, reconstruction and other
work or services in connection with natural or human-induced calamities which may
occur during the budget year or those that occurred in the past two (2) years from
the budget year.
Of the amount appropriated for the NDRRM Fund, thirty percent (30%) shall
be allocated as Quick Response Fund (QRF) to the agencies identified by the
NDRRMC.
36. Agencies Involved
a. The National Disaster and Risk Reduction and Management Council

(NDRRMC)
The council is responsible in giving the President advice on the status of

disaster preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and rehabilitation
operations being undertaken by the government as well as recommend to the
President the declaration of a state of calamity in areas extensively damaged; and
submit proposals to restore normalcy in affected areas to include calamity fund
allocation.
38 Department of Budget and Management. http://www.dbm.gov.ph/?page_id=2584.
b. Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
It has the primary task of coordinating the activities and functions of the
various government agencies and instrumentalities, private institutions and civic
organizations for the protection and preservation of life and property during
emergencies.
c. The Office of the President (OP)
The NDRRMC endorses Calamity Fund requests to the OP for approval. The
Approval of fund requests is forwarded directly to the Department of Budget and
Management (DBM) as basis for the release of funds.
d. The Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
The DBM then issues the Special Allotment Release Order (SARO) and Notice
of Cash Allocation (NCA) directly to the appropriate implementing agency or LGU.
While the SARO is released fully, the issuance of cash requirements varies
depending on the implementing unit:
(a) Projects to be implemented by NGAs and GOCCs (except the DPWH)

may be given their full cash requirements.
(b) LGUs receive only 50% of the cash requirement- It is only upon the
submission of fund utilization/ project implementation reports (to the DBM and
NDRRMC) will the LGUs receive the balance of their cash requirement.
Releases shall be subject to existing and usual auditing, budgeting, and accounting
rules.
37. Quick Response Fund
These are built-in budgetary allocations that represent pre-disaster or

standby funds for agencies in order to immediately assist areas stricken by
catastrophes and crises.
The following agencies have built-in QRFs to ensure immediate action during
calamities:
 Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

 Department of National Defense (DND) – Office of the Secretary (OSEC)/
Office of the Civil Defense (OCD)
 Department of Education (DepEd)
 Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
 Department of Agriculture (DA)
Unlike the Calamity Fund, the QRF does not require the recommendation of
the NDRRMC or the approval of OP to trigger the use and release of funds. When
the QRF gets depleted, the agency may request for replenishment with a request to
the DBM and to be approved by the Office of the President.
38. Process for Release
A. National Government Agencies (NGAs)/Government-owned and Controlled

Corporations (GOCCs)
NGAs/GOCCs submit their requests to the NDRRMC through the Office of

Civil Defense (OCD) for evaluation and recommendation to the Office of the
President (OP). The following documents must support the request:
 Complete description/justification of the project

 Work and financial program/plan of the agency
 Endorsement of the head of the agency requesting for assistance
 Pertinent documents may be required on a case to case basis
B. Local Government Units (LGUs)
Local government units (LGUs) submit their requests to the NDRRMC

through the concerned Regional/Provincial/City/Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Council. Supporting documents include the following:
 Complete description/justification of the project

 Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (DRRMC) Damage
Report/Calamity Impact Assessment Report/Work and Financial Plan (to
include pictures)
 Sanggunian Resolution declaring the area under a State of
Calamity/Imminent Danger and appropriating local counterpart for the
project
 Certification by the Local Chief Executive (LCE) thru a Sanggunian Resolution
assuring that whatever amount will be provided by the Office of the
President, the project will be completed/finished
 Endorsement of the RDRRMC Chairperson (OCD Regional Director)
 Certification and justification by the LCE concerned that funding requests
chargeable against the Calamity Fund are emergency in character
 Certification by the Local Accountant or Finance officer that their Local
Calamity Fund is already depleted/exhausted and/or non-availability of
funding source other than the Calamity Fund
 Certification that the infrastructure being requested for funding support are
not covered by insurance; and
 Pertinent documents may be required on a case to case basis
39. Release of Calamity Fund Assistance39
40. Mechanism for International Humanitarian Assistance

A call for international assistance may be issued by the President of the
Philippines upon the recommendation of the Chairman, NDRRMC, depending on the
scope, magnitude of damage or implications of the adverse effects of the disaster.
As Party to the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency
Response (AADMER), the request for assistance may be sent directly to other
ASEAN Member States or through the ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance (AHA)
39 Info graphic taken from the Department of Budget and Management website.
Centre in Jakarta, Indonesia. It may also request assistance from other entities
where appropriate.
The Department of Foreign Affairs, through the embassies or consulates of
the Philippines, may facilitate the call for international assistance and closely
coordinate with the NDRRMC for this purpose. The LDRRMCs may directly submit or
request for assistance abroad in accordance with the Section 23 of the Local
Government Code of 1991.
The importation and donation of food, clothing, medicine and equipment for
relief and recovery and other disaster management and recovery-related supplies is
hereby authorized in accordance with Section 105 of the Tariff and Customs Code
of the Philippines, as amended, and the prevailing provisions of the General
Appropriations Act covering national internal revenue taxes and import duties of
national and local government agencies.
Any importation and donation intended for the operation of the NDRRMC and
its member agencies shall be treated as importations by and/or donations to the
NDRRMC, subject to the rules and regulations of the Tariff and Customs Code or
special facilities created by the Office of the President for the purpose.
Payment of duties and taxes by concerned member agencies, if any, shall be
subject to deferred payment scheme. Foreign donations and importations for
humanitarian assistance and disaster relief shall also be guided with the
International Disaster Response Law (IDRL) and other related guidelines, as may be
deemed appropriate.
PROHIBITED ACTS
Section 19, Republic Act No. 10121 states:
Any person, group or corporation who commits any of the following

prohibited acts shall be held liable and be subjected to the penalties in Section
20 of this Act:
(a) Dereliction of duties which leads to destruction, loss of lives, critical

damage of facilities and misuse of funds;
(b) Preventing the entry and distribution of relief goods in disaster-stricken

areas, including appropriate technology, tools, equipment, accessories,
disaster teams/experts;
(c) Buying, for consumption or resale, from disaster relief agencies any relief
goods, equipment or other aid commodities which are intended for
distribution to disaster affected communities;
(d) Buying, for consumption or resale, from the recipient disaster affected
persons any relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities received by
them;
(e) Selling of relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities which are
intended for distribution to disaster victims;
(f) Forcibly seizing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities

intended for or consigned to a specific group of victims or relief agency;
(g) Diverting or misdelivery of relief goods, equipment or other aid

commodities to persons other than the rightful recipient or consignee,
(h) Accepting, possessing, using or disposing relief goods, equipment or

other aid commodities not intended for nor consigned to him/her;
(i) Misrepresenting the source of relief goods, equipment or other aid

commodities by:
(1) Either covering, replacing or defacing the labels of the containers

to make it appear that the goods, equipment or other aid commodities
came from another agency or persons;
(2) Repacking the goods, equipment or other aid commodities into

containers with different markings to make it appear that the goods,
came from another agency or persons or was released upon the
instance of a particular agency or persons;
(3) Making false verbal claim that the goods, equipment or other aid
commodity in its untampered original containers actually came from
another agency or persons or was released upon the instance of a
particular agency or persons;
(j) Substituting or replacing relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities

with the same items or inferior/cheaper quality;
(k) Illegal solicitations by persons or organizations representing others as
defined in the standards and guidelines set by the NDRRMC;
(l) Deliberate use of false or inflated data in support of the request for
funding, relief goods, equipment or other aid commodities for emergency
(m) Tampering with or stealing hazard monitoring and disaster preparedness

equipment and paraphernalia.
41. Penal Clause

 Any individual, corporation, partnership, association, or other juridical entity
that commits any of the prohibited acts provided for in Section 19 of the Act
shall be prosecuted and upon conviction shall suffer a fine of not less than
Fifty thousand pesos (Php50,000.00) or any amount not to exceed Five
hundred thousand pesos (Php500,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than
six (6) years and one (1) day or not more than twelve (12) years, or both, at
the discretion of the court, including perpetual disqualification from public
office if the offender is a public officer, and confiscation or forfeiture in favor
of the government of the objects and the instrumentalities used in
committing any of herein prohibited acts.
 If the offender is a corporation, partnership or association, or other juridical
entity, the penalty shall be imposed upon the officer or officers of the
corporation, partnership, association or entity responsible for the violation
without prejudice to the cancellation or revocation of these entities' license
or accreditation issued to them by any licensing or accredited body of the
government.
 The prosecution for offenses set forth in Section 19 of the Act shall be
without prejudice to any liability for violation of Republic Act No. 3185, as
amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, as well as any other
special penal law enacted by Congress, & shall be without prejudice to other
civil liabilities.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10344
Section 4. Prohibited Acts. – The government risk reduction and

preparedness equipment, accessories and other vital facility items, or parts thereof
shall, at all times, be protected and it shall be unlawful for any person to commit
any of the following acts:
(a) Steal, or take, or possess any of the equipment, or any part

thereof;
(b) Sell or buy stolen equipment or any part thereof;
(c) Tamper, dismantle, or disassemble equipment or any part

thereof;
(d) Attempt to commit any of the abovementioned prohibited

acts; and
(e) Benefit from the proceeds or fruits of any of the
abovementioned prohibited acts knowing that the proceeds or
fruits are derived from the commission of said prohibited acts.
Section 6. Penalties. – The following penalties are hereby imposed:
(a) The penalty of imprisonment of not less than twelve (12) years
but not more than fifteen (15) years or a fine of not less than One
million pesos (P1,000,000.00) but not more than Three million pesos
(P3,000,000.00), or both imprisonment and fine at the discretion of
the court shall be imposed upon any person found guilty of stealing or
unauthorized taking or possession without authority or selling or
buying with intent to gain of any stolen government risk reduction and
preparedness equipment, accessories and other vital facility items, or
parts thereof;
(b) The penalty of imprisonment of not less than six (6) years but not
more than ten (10) years or a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos
(P1,000.000.00), or both imprisonment and fine at the discretion of
the court shall be imposed upon any person found guilty of
unauthorized tampering, dismantling or disassembling of government
risk reduction and preparedness equipment. accessories and other
vital facility items, or parts thereof;
(c) The penalty of imprisonment of not less than six (6) years but not
more than eight (8) years or a fine of not less than Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than One million pesos
(P1,000,000.00), or both imprisonment and fine at the discretion of
the court shall be imposed upon any person who attempts to commit
any of the prohibited acts provided in Section 4 of this Act; and
(d) The penalty of imprisonment of not less than two (2) years but
not more than seven (7) years or a fine of not less than Two hundred
thousand pesos (PP00,000.00) but not more than Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00), or both imprisonment and fine at the
discretion of the court shall be imposed upon any person found guilty
of unlawfully benefiting from the proceeds or fruits of any of the
prohibited acts enumerated in Section 4 of this Act knowing that such
proceeds or fruits are derived from the commission of said prohibited
acts.
Payment of the full cost of repair or replacement of the government risk

reduction and preparedness equipment, accessories and other vital facility items, or
parts thereof, which is the object of the crime shall likewise be imposed upon any
person who shall commit any of the prohibited acts described in Section 4 of this
Act.
Section 7. Penalty for Government Officers or Employees. – Any government

officer or employee who shall assist in the commission of any of the prohibited acts
enumerated in Section 4 of this Act shall suffer the same penalty imposed upon the
person who committed the prohibited act. In addition, after due notice and hearing,
they shall be administratively dismissed from the service and all their benefits from
the government, shall be forfeited. They shall likewise be perpetually disqualified
from holding any public office.
The prosecution or conviction under this Act shall not bar the filing of any
case for the violation of Republic Act No. 3019, as amended, otherwise known as
the "Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act"; Republic Act No. 6713. otherwise known
as the "Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees";
Republic Act No. 7080, entitled "An Act Denning and Penalizing the Crime of
Plunder"; and other laws.
ASSESSING THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF RA 10121
Development and relief agencies have long recognized the crucial role played
by data and information in mitigating the impacts of disasters on vulnerable
populations. Systematic collection and analysis of these data provides invaluable
information to governments and agencies in charge of relief and recovery activities.
They are also crucial in the integration of health components
into development and poverty alleviation programs.
Yet there is still no international consensus regarding best practices for

collecting these data. Together with the complexity of collecting reliable
information, there remains huge variability in definitions, methodologies, tools and
sourcing.
Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) provides an objective basis
for vulnerability assessment and rational decision-making in disaster situations.40
For example, it helps policymakers identify the disaster types that are most
common in a given country and that have had significant historical impacts on
human populations. In addition to providing information on the human impact of
disasters - such as the number of people killed, injured or affected - EM-DAT
provides disaster-related economic damage estimates and disaster-
specific international aid contributions.
For a disaster to be entered into the database at least one of the following
criteria must be fulfilled41:
 Ten (10) or more people reported killed.

 Hundred (100) or more people reported affected.
 Declaration of a state of emergency.
 Call for international assistance.
*A comparison of the Internationally Reported Losses in the years 2012 and 2015.
Frequency Frequency
2012 2015
6% 5% 2%4%
Earthquake Earthquake
25%
Flood Flood
33%
Landslide Landslide
54%
6% Storm Storm
58%
Other Other
7%
40 http://www.emdat.be/history
41 http://www.emdat.be/classification
Mortality Mortality
2012 2015
2% 2% 8%
18%
Earthquake 6% Earthquake
5%
5% Flood Flood
5% Landslide Landslide
Storm Storm
70% Other Other
79%
Damages Damages
2012 2015
1%6% 2% 8%
Earthquake 6% Earthquake
16%
5%
Flood Flood
0%
Landslide Landslide
Storm Storm
77% Other Other
79%
42. Policy Challenges
• Incomplete scientifically based vulnerability profiles
• Lack of comprehensive monitoring of changes in impact parameters and

timely adjustment of disaster risk reduction and management and climate
change adaptation response
• Lack of a working knowledge management system on disaster risk

management and climate change

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The Philippines is exposed to natural and human-induced hazards due to its

Hazards – both natural and human induced – happen due to geological,

Hazards are of different intensities for different areas and levels of

01. The need to give importance to disasters

Disasters cause the destruction of communities, death of millions, and

Aside from natural causes, the Philippines also experiences human‐induced

Hazards become disasters only if vulnerable people and resources are

02. History of Disaster Risk Management

During the Japanese occupation, the puppet government under President

Under this law, a National Civil Defense Administration (NCDA) was

On October 19, 1970, as an aftermath of Typhoon "Sening" which ravaged

 State policy on self-reliance among local officials and their constituents in

03. The DRRM Act of 2010

We need a more proactive approach to managing disaster risks. The DRRM

Disasters as merely a Disaster mainly a

Focus on disaster Integrated approach to

Paradigm Shift with the enactment of RA 10121

The United Nations General Assembly convened a World Conference on

Priorities for action under the HFA

In brief, it aims to provide: (a) coherence with international framework; (b)

The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or

08. Policy Considerations

09. Implementing bodies of DRRM

National government. The different government departments and agencies

Communities. Communities, including the most vulnerable sectors, are both

10. DRRM Structure

The DRRM Act clarified the distinction between oversight versus

Lead Agencies Implementating Agencies

DRRM Structure under PD 1566

DRRM Structure under RA 10121

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) is

DILG DOST NEDA

Organizational Structure of NDRRMC

The National Council shall be headed by the Secretary of the Department of

The National Council's members shall be the following:

AFD DA DBM DO E DOH

DOF DOJ DOLE DOT DOTC

Old members of the Council

CHED CCC DPWH DFA HUDCC

GSIS NCRFW OPAPP PHIC PNP

SSS LCP LPP LMP LMP

NAPC- Press Private

New Members of the Council

(a) Develop a NDRRMF which shall provide for comprehensive, all-hazards,

(b) Ensure that the NDRRMP is consistent with the NDRRMF;

(c) Advise the President on the status of disaster preparedness, prevention,

(d) Ensure a multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating,

(k) Develop vertical and horizontal coordination mechanisms for a more

(l) Formulate a national institutional capability building program for disaster

(n) In coordination with the Climate Change Commission, formulate and

(p) Task the OCD to conduct periodic assessment and performance

(q) Coordinate or oversee the Implementation of the country's obligations

The OCD shall have the following powers and functions:

(d) Develop and ensure the implementation of national standards in carrying

(g) Formulate standard operating procedures for the deployment of rapid

(h) Establish standard operating procedures on the communication system

(l) Create an enabling environment for substantial and sustainable

(m) Conduct early recovery and post-disaster needs assessment

(r) Perform such other functions as may be necessary for effective

The NDRRMP is a road map on how DRRM shall contribute to sustainable

The NDRRMP is the document formulated and implemented by the National

10 Sec. 2(z), RA 10121.