Name: Aini Hazwani Binti Shahrir

Matric No.: A155202

KKKH 4543: URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING

Task 1 – Public Transport

1. A line of LRT with five (5) stations will be constructed in a city. A forecast passenger
demand is given below.
(a) Compute the number of passengers between each pair of the stations for both
directions.
Boarding Depart

1 2 3 4 5

1 0 1600 10000 2000 250

2
230 0 11000 2071 230
3
4 60 1400 0 1500 170
5
250 1700 10400 0 250

300 1900 12000 2500 0

840 5610 26550 16700

1 2 3 4 5
13850 25551 6221 900

(b) In this LRT project, headway must not be less than 120 seconds and must not be
greater than 300 seconds. All stations are designed to cater a train of 6 couches. The
capacity of each couch is 280 passengers. Based on the computed maximum
passengers in (a), compute headway possibilities and corresponding number of
couches per train. You may use rail utilisation factor of 0.75 and load factor of 0.9.

Minimum headway = 120 s

Maximum headway = 300 s
Max. passenger per vehicle, S = 280 passengers
Guideway utilisation factor, 𝛼 = 0.75
Load factor, 𝜎 = 0.9
Take 𝐶𝑝 = 26550 passengers/hr as it is the computed maximum passengers

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𝐶𝑝
https://www.coursehero.com/file/36772176/Task-1-Public-Transport-A155202pdf/
 3600 × 𝛼 × 𝜎 × 𝑛 × 𝑆 ℎ
=
3600 × 0.75 × 0.9 × 𝑛 × 280
26550 = ℎ
ℎ = 25.627𝑛
Computing into a form of table,
n (veh/train) h (headway, sec)
1 25.627
2 51.254
3 76.881
4 102.508
5 128.135
Possible
6 153.762 Headwa
y

Possible range: 120 ≤ h ≤ 300

2. Kuala Lumpur city administrator plans to restraint private car usage. The restraint is
expected to increase the demand for public transport service. You are required to
examine the following two routes:

(a) The demand for LRT service from Ampang to Masjid Jamek Kuala Lumpur is
expected to increase during peak hours to 41,000 passengers per hour per
direction. The headway must not be less than 120 seconds and must not be
greater than 300 seconds. The station design is adequate for 10 coaches and the
capacity of each coach is 280 passengers. Compute headway possibilities and
corresponding number of coaches per train. You may use rail utilisation factor of
0.75 and load factor of 0.9.

Theoretical passenger line capacity, 𝐶𝑝 = 41000 passengers/hr

Minimum headway = 120 s
Maximum headway = 300 s
Station platform per limit = 10 coaches
Max. passenger per vehicle, S = 280 passengers
Guideway utilisation factor, 𝛼 = 0.75
Load factor, 𝜎 = 0.9

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𝐶𝑝 = 3600 × 𝛼 × 𝜎 × 𝑛 × 𝑆
ℎ
3600 × 0.75 × 0.9 × 𝑛 × 280
41000 = ℎ
https://www.coursehero.com/file/36772176/Task-1-Public-Transport-A155202pdf/
 ℎ = 16.59512𝑛
Computing into a form of table,
n (veh/train) h (headway, sec)
1 16.595
2 33.190
3 49.785
4 66.380
5 82.975
6 99.570
7 116.165
8 132.760
9 149.356 Possible
10 155.951 Headwa
y

Possible range: 120 ≤ h ≤ 300

b) Bus service between Bandar Baru Bangi and Kuala Lumpur City Center (KLCC)
is one of the services that has to be studied. One-way travel time has been
decided to be not greater than 50 minutes. Expected peak hour demand is
3,800 passengers per hour per direction. The bus has 45 sitting and 20
standing capacity. Headway shall not be greater than 5 minutes and waiting
time at terminal shall not be less than 5 minutes.

Compute: (i) Actual headway.

(ii) Cycle time (travel time for both direction and terminal waiting
time).
(iii) The number of buses required for the service.
(iv) Actual waiting time at the terminal

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https://www.coursehero.com/file/36772176/Task-1-Public-Transport-A155202pdf/
 Expected demand = 3800 passengers
Maximum one-way travel time = 50 mins
Sitting capacity = 45 passengers
Standing capacity = 20 passengers
Maximum headway = 5 mins
Minimum headway = 5 mins

(i) 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦, ℎ =

(𝑆i𝑡𝑡i𝑛G 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐i𝑡𝑦 K 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑i𝑛G 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐i𝑡𝑦) × NO 𝑚i𝑛𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑
(TUKVO) × NO 𝑚i𝑛𝑠
ℎ= WXOO
ℎ = 1.0206316 min ≈ 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛

(ii) 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝑇 = 𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 × (𝑀𝑎𝑥. 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 +
𝑀𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
( )
𝑇 = 2 50 + 5 = 110 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡i𝑚𝑒, 𝑇
(iii) 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒, 𝑁 =
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑r𝑎𝑦, s
𝑁 = ttO = 110 𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑠
t

(iv) 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝑇v = 𝑁 × ℎ

𝑇v = 110 × 1 = 110 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒, 𝑇 = [𝑇v − 2(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)]/2

𝑇 = [110 − 2(50)]/2
𝑇 = 5 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠

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