Chapter 4:

Turbomachinery
(PART 1)
CATEGORIES

Pump: adds energy to a

fluid, resulting in an
increase in pressure
across the pump.

Turbine: extracts energy

from the fluid, resulting
in a decrease in pressure
across the turbine.
PUMPS PARAMETER

• VOLUME FLOW RATE (CAPACITY)

• NET HEAD

EGL= Energy Grade Line

Net head is proportional to the useful power delivered to

the fluid. This power is called water horsepower.
Pump Head
• All pumps suffer from losses due to friction,
leakage, etc.
• Therefore, the mechanical energy supplied
to the pump must be larger than
𝑊̇ !"#$%&'%($)'!$%
• The external power is called brake
horsepower, bhp

Pump Efficiency:
Pump Performance Curve & Matching a
Pump to a Piping System

• Maximum volume flow rate is when its net

head is zero, H = 0. This flow rate is called
pump’s free delivery.

• Free delivery = no flow restricKon at pump

inlet and outlet, no load on the pump.

• At this operaKng point, 𝑉̇ is large, but H is

zero.

• Pump efficiency is zero because pump is

doing no useful work
Pump Performance Curve & Matching a
Pump to a Piping System

• Shutoff head - net head that occurs

when volume flow rate is zero 𝑉̇ = 0
• It is achieved when the outlet port of
pump is blocked off.
• H is large but 𝑉̇ = 0
• Pump efficiency is zero because pump
is doing no useful work
• The pump efficiency is maximum
somewhere between shut off and free
delivery condition. The operating point
of the max. efficiency is called Best
Efficiency Point (BEP)
 Pump Performance Curve & Matching a
Pump to a Piping System
For steady condition, a pump can
operate only its performance curve

Operating point of piping system is

determined by matching system
requirements (required net head) to
pump performance (available net
head).
Pump Performance Curve & Matching a
Pump to a Piping System

• Steady operating point:

• Pump is installed in
piping system.
• OP is not necessary at or
near the BEP. Most of
times, the pump doesn’t
run at optimum
efficiency.
EXAMPLE 1
SOLUTION
SEE YOU AT PART 2