Shovels (Front Shovel or Hydraulic Excavator Front)

Are used in construction work :

1- to handle and transport bulk material such as earth and rock .

2- to load trucks .
3- to excavate earth as bulldozers .
4- to handle and transport heavy items such as parts of equipment ,
large tires ….

Types of Shovels :

1- Crawler Shovel
2- Wheel Shovel

The production rate for a shovel depend on :

1- Fixed time (load the bucket , shift gears , turn and dump the load ).
2- Time required to travel from the loading to the dumping position .
3- Time required to return to the loading position .
4- The actual volume of material hauled each trip .

Productivity of Shovel (m3/hr)= Volume of bucket /cycle * No. of cycles/hr

Average bucket = Heaped bucket capacity * Bucket fill factor

1
Hoes (back shovel)

• Are used to excavate below the natural surface of the ground .

• Hoe is sometimes referred to by other names , such as back hoe or
pull shovel or back shovel .
• Hoes are adept at excavating trenches and pits for basements , it
can work and loading in to haul units .
• Basic parts of hoe are : Bucket , Bucket cylinder , Stick , Stick
cylinder and Boom .
• In selecting a hoe for use on a project the following must be
considered :
1- maximum excavation depth required .
2- maximum working radius required for digging and dumping .
3- maximum dumping height required .

Hoe Productivity (m3/hr) = bucket volume * No. of cycles / hr

2
Scrapers

• Scrapers are designed to dig , load ,haul , dump and spread . (road
leveling)
• Scrapers can self – load , they are not dependent on other
equipment .
• Scrapers are available with loose heaped capacities up to a bout 50
cu. yd.(40m3) , and haul distance up to 2 km .
• The size (volume) of scraper is :
1- struck capacity
2- heaped capacity
❖ struck capacity : the material is struck off even with the top of the
bowl .
❖ heaped capacity : specify the slope of the material above the sides
of the bowl . (slope 2:1)

Cycle time for scraper = load time + haul + dump + return time to loading
position

Scraper prod. = volume of scraper (struck cap. or heaped cap.)* No. of cycles /hr

3
The cycle work of scraper