Ohm’s law experiment

Objectives
To verify ohm’s law and experimentally, verify the relationship between
current, voltage and resistance in a circuit.

Equipment
• Resistor box
• DC power supply
• Voltmeter
• Ammeter

Theory
A current is directly proportional to voltage. When a resistance is at stable, is
consider to be following the Ohm’s Law. The symbol for ohm or unit is Ω,
and this is representing the resistance. Now, in order to comprehend Ohm’s
Law is to imagine like a liquid circuit, we have our pump (battery; voltage),
then it is flowing and meets its resistance. This is the important part of Ohm’s
law and the resistance, is that if the resistance is bigger, then less water will
flow back. Therefore, given voltage, and depending how big the resistance is,
then it will depend how the current will flow through the resistance.

Procedure
1. First, set up the following circuit shown below, using a power supply,
an ammeter (A), a voltmeter (V) and one 1000-Ω Resistor (R) from
resistor box.
2. Then, let the instructor check the circuit.
3. Later, close the switch and read the voltage and current on the meters.
 4. Next, vary the output voltage of the power supply from 0 to 12 V in the
increment of 1.5V and record the readings of the voltage V across the
resistor and corresponding current
5. Repeat this procedure for 1200-Ω Resistor (R) from resistor box.
6. do the graph of the voltage V (vertical axis) versus the electric current
I (horizontal axis) for each resistor.
7. calculate the percent error of the actual 1000-Ω Resistor (R) and the
experimental 1000-Ω Resistor (R).
8. Finally, repeat step 6 and 7 but for 1200-Ω Resistor (R)

R=1250 Ω

(Figure 1): Variation of Current with Voltage when the resistance is constant

Volt A R V
1V 0.001 1250 1.052
2V 0.002 1250 2.07
5V 0.004 1250 5.02
10 V 0.008 1250 10.05
(Table 1): ohm experience results

Analysis
From this experience, we can see that the values of current and potential
difference are variables by changing the source of voltage with constant
resistance.
Conclusion
Based on the data collected and the slope calculated in the Voltage vs Current
graph of the Rheostat, the percent difference between the slope and the true
value of the Rheostat con-firms that the experimental value of the Resistance
was pretty accurate and that the experiment was successfully accomplished.
This is similar to the example of the liner current, the more the resistance the
bigger the resistance is the lest water will flow. Ohm’s Law have been
confirmed in this laboratory experiment because of the relationship seen
between cur-rent, voltage, and resistance with the information collected.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW

Objective
The objective of this experiment is to verify Kirchhoff’s Voltage using a
series circuit.

Equipment
• DC power supply
• 3 Resistor boxes
• 3 Voltmeters

Theory
Kirchhoff ’s laws relate to the conservation of energy, which states that energy
cannot be created or destroyed, only changed into different forms. This can be
expanded to laws of conservation of voltage and current. In any circuit, the
voltage across each series component (carrying the same current) can be
added to find the total voltage. Similarly, the total current entering a junction
in a circuit must equal the sum of current leaving the junction
Procedure
1. Using the DC circuit trainer, Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2
2. Measure the values of voltage and current of each resistor in circuit
3. Disconnect the DC power supply, and then measured the equivalent
resistance by using the AVO meter only.

(Figure 2): CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF VOLTAGE LAW

volt V1 V2 V3
4V 0.930 1.136 1.934
8V 1.864 2.280 3.880
12V 2.789 3.411 5.810
16V 3.701 4.530 7.710

(Table 2): KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW results

Analysis
From this experience, we can see that the volt value equal V1+V2+V3
Conclusion
Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s Current Law and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law are
essential and the most basic techniques for the analysis of linear circuits.
Using the three laws any resistance of, current through or voltage across a
resistor can be found if any two are already known. The objective of this
experiment is to provide proof of these laws.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

Objective
The objective of this experiment is to apply Kirchhoff’s rules for circuits to a
two-loop circuit to determine the three currents in the circuit and the electric
potential differences around each loop.

Equipment
• DC power supply
• 3 Resistor boxes
• 3 Ammeters

Theory
The two basic laws of electricity that are most useful in analyzing circuits are
Kirchhoff’s laws for current and voltage. Kirchhoff ’s Current Law (The
Junction Rule) states that at any junction (node) of a circuit, the algebraic sum
of all the currents is zero (sum of the currents entering the junction equals the
sum of the currents leaving the junction). In other words, electric charge is
conserved.
Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 3
2. Measure the currents through the resistors
3. Observe that the algebraic sum of the currents at a node is zero.

(Figure 3): CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

Volt A1 A2 A3
4V 0.018 0.012 0.007
8V 0.037 0.025 0.014
12V 0.057 0.036 0.021
16V 0.076 0.049 0.027

(Table 3): KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW results

Conclusion
Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s Current Law and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law are
essential and the most basic techniques for the analysis of linear circuits.
Using the three laws any resistance of, current through or voltage across a
resistor can be found if any two are already known. The objective of this
experiment is to provide proof of these laws.