5/17/2022

Electrical and electronic engineering

 Name: Khaled Ghassan Hassan Ohm’s Law
ID: 02217050
Group: (B)

Part 1: Ohm’s law

Abstract
The experiment was performed to study the relationship between current and voltage in
order to prove Ohm’s law. We assembled two different values of resistors (one each time)
with a DC power supply and measured the current through the resistor. We noticed that the
higher voltage values caused a higher current value. The relationship between the voltage
and the current turned out to be linear and the ratio between their values matched the
resistor value.

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Ohm’s law by assembling a simple
circuit that contain a resistor, a power supply, and a digital multimeter.
Ohm's law expresses the voltage as a function of the current. It states that the voltage across
a resistance is directly proportional to the current flowing through it. The resistance,
measured in ohms, is the constant of proportionality between the voltage and current.
The mathematical relationship of Ohm's law is illustrated by the equation:
V=IR

Where
V : the voltage in volts,
I = the current in amperes,
R : the resistance in ohms,

Equipment
 Digital multimeter
 AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
 Universal panel

1
 Resistor, 0.1kohm, 5%, 2W
 Resistor, 0.33kohm, 5%, 2W
 Set of connection cables
 Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

2
Experimental Procedure
In this experiment, a 13 Kohm resistor was connected in series with a multimeter and an
AC/DC power supply with integral function generator, connection plugs and cables was used
to connect the circuit elements. At first, the voltage was set to be 3V, the current was
measured at this voltage, then the voltage was changed to 4,7,10 and 15V, and the current
was measured for each value of the four voltage values. The 13 Kohm resistor was
excluded, a 33 Kohm resistor was connected to the circuit, and the procedure was done
again.

The result

The data from the experiment is shown in table 1 and table 2, and represented as graphs in
graph 1 and graph 2.

R[Kohm] 13 13 13 13 13
V[V] 4 7 9 11 14
I[mA] 0.308 0.538 0.692 0.846 1.08
Table 1: The values of I for fixed R=13Kohm and variable V
R[Kohm] 33 33 33 33 33
V[V] 4 7 9 11 14
I[mA] 0.121 0.212 0.273 0.333 0.424
Table 2: The values of I for fixed R=33Kohm and variable V

Graph 1

Graph 2

3
Discussion
The data indicate that that the voltage and the current are lineary related, the slope of the
line or the ratio between voltage and current seemed to be matched with the resistor
value, which proves Ohm’s law.

Conclusion
The voltage is lineary related to the current and the ration between them is the value of the
resistance.

Part 2: Resistors connected in Parallel

Abstract
The experiment was performed to prove Kirchhoff’s 1st law. We assembled three different
values of resistors in parallel with each other, with a DC power supply and measured the
current through each resistor and the current through the voltage source. We noticed that 
The voltage across each resistor is equal to the DC power supply voltage and the sum of
current values through each resistor equals the value of the measured current through the
voltage source values. 

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Kirchhoff’s current law by assembling a
circuit that contain a three resistors connected in parallel, a power supply, and a digital
multimeter.
Kirchhoff’s 1 law states that The sum of the currents entering a junction (or region) of a
st

network must equal the sum of the currents leaving the same junction (or region). 
In equation form, the above statement can be written as follows: 

∑ Ii =∑Io

With Ii representing the current entering, or “in”, and Io representing the

Current leaving, or “out”.

Equipment
 Digital multimeter
 AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
 Universal panel

4
 Resistor, 13Kohm, 5%,
 Resistor, 10Kohm, 5%,
 Set of connection cables
 Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Experimental procedure
In this experiment, the resistor of 10kohm and 13kohm was connected in parallel with each
other. The resistors were connected on a multiple scale and the AC/DC power source was
used with an integrated generator, plugs and cables to connect circuit elements. The
voltage is set by input values, and the current is then measured for the full circle by
connecting the multimeter in a series with the voltage source.

Results
R[Kohm] 13 13 13 13 13

R[Kohm] 10 10 10 10 10

V[V] 4 7 10 13 17

I[mA] 0.708 1.24 1.77 2.30 3.01

Table 3: Current and effort measured for the circle in parallel

Graph 3

Part 3 : Resistors connected in Series

Abstract

5
 The experiment was performed to prove Kirchoff’s 2nd law . We assembled three different
values of resistors in series with each other , with a DC power supply and measured the
voltage across each resistor and current through the complete circuit. We noticed that 
The current through each resistor is equal to the current in the complete circuit and the sum
of voltage values across each resistor equals the value of the voltage source . 

Introduction
The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate Kirchhof’s voltage law by assembling a
circuit that contain a three resistors connected in series, a power supply, and a digital
multimeter.
Kirchhof’s 2   law states that the applied voltage of a series dc circuit will equal the sum of
nd

the voltage drops of the circuit.

Kirchhoff’s voltage law can also be written in the following form :

∑Vrises = ∑Vdrops

where      represents the closed loop and V the potential

drops and rises.

Equipment
 Digital multimeter
 AC/DC power supply with integral function generator
 Universal panel
 Resistor, 470ohm, 5%, 2W
 Resistor, 1kohm, 5%, 1W
 Resistor, 2.2kohm, 5%, 1W
 Set of connection cables
 Connection plugs (jumpers), 2mm/7.5mm

Experimental Procedure
In this experiment, a 0.470kohm ,1kohm and 2.2kohm resistor was connected in series with
each other. The resistors was connected to a multimeter and  an AC/DC power supply with
integral function generator, connection plugs and cables  was used to connect the circuit
elements . The voltage was set to be 10V , The current was measured for the complete
circuit by connecting the multimeter in series with the voltage source. Then the voltage was
measured for each resistor by connecting the multimeter in parallel with the resistor. also
the current through each resistor was measured.

Results

6
The current across each resistor seemed to be equal to the current through the complete
circuit. The sum of the voltage values across each resistor matched the value of the voltage
source.
Table 6 : the measured current and voltage for each resistor and the expected R values for the measured
current and voltage values

Vtot=10V

R1=0.470kohm R2=1kohm R3=2.2kohm

V1=1.27V V2=2.7 V3=5.99V

I1=2.65mA I2=2.65mA I3=2.65mA

R1=V1I=0.479kohm R2=V2I=1.0189kohm R3=V3I=2.26kohm

Discussion
The data indicate that that the current value for each resistor is equal to the value of the
current in the complete circuit. The sum of the voltage values across each resistor matches
the value of the voltage source which proves Kirchhoff’s voltage law. The resistor expected
values for the measured voltage and current values are shown in table 6. In order to
compare them we calculated the average  percent error , it is equal to 2.176% .

Conclusion
the algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a closed
path (or closed loop) is zero.