Experiment

Ohm’s Law
Objective:

• Verification of ohm’s law.

• Verification of Resistivity formula.
• Verification of different elements.

Introduction:
In this lab, we will use a variable power supply to subject a resistor (of known resistance) to a variety of
voltages. Our objective will be to test Ohm’s Law, which asserts that the resulting current through the
resistor (as well as the rest of the circuit) is proportional to the applied voltage. Once we have established
that Ohm’s Law is, in fact, valid over the ranges of voltage and current in our experiment, we will use the
knowledge gained to determine the value of an unknown resistance.

Procedure:
1) Table of Current and voltage:
For the following circuit diagram we have calculated the current with different values of voltage:

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 Table:

2) Graph of V vs I:

V vs I
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
Current

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Voltage

3) Slope of the graph:

m=1-0.95/10-9.5

m=0.1

When we calculate the slope it shows that voltage and current are directly proportional to each other.

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 4) Construction of series circuit:
Now, we construct the series circuit with one resistor, switch and 9 V battery and connecting wires.

5) Calculation of resistivity:
As,  = R1 A1/ l1 and here R1= V/I

Here, l1= 20 m and D= 0.021 mm

As, A=

Putting values in the equation..

A= 3.14(2.1e-5^2/4)

A= 3.46e -10m^2

=10 (3.46e -10)/20

= 1.73e -8m

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 6) Construction of circuit with two resistors:

7) Calculation of resistivity:
As, 2 = R2 A1/ l2 and here R2= V/I
Here, l2= 40 m and D= 0.021 mm

As, A =
Putting values in the equation..
A= 3.14(2.1e-5^2/4)
A= 3.46e -10m^2
Now V= 9V,
I = 0.45A
R2 = 9/0.45=20 ohm
2=20 (3.46e -10)/40
2= 1.73e -8m

8) Construction of circuit with three resistors:

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 9) Calculation of resistivity:
As, 3 = R3 A/ l3 and here R2= V/I
Here, l3= 60 m and D= 0.021 mm

As, A =
Putting values in the equation..
A= 3.14(2.1e-5^2/4)
A= 3.46e -10m^2
Now V= 9V,
I = 0.30A
R2 = 9/0.30=30 ohm
3=30 (3.46e -10)/60
3= 1.73e -8m

10) Averaging the values of resistivity:

=1+2+3/3

Putting the values

We get

= 1.73e -8m
So, the wire used in this experiment is made up of Copper.
11) Graph of  in terms of length:

It is seen that resistivity remains same with the increase of length

LENGTH VS RESISTIVITY
80

60
Length

40

20

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Resistivity

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 Conclusion:
Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor. This
relationship states that: The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor is proportional to
the current through it. The constant of proportionality is called the "resistance", R. This can be expressed
in an equation as V=IR and can be manipulated to find the other two variables

Resistivity is known as specific electrical resistance or volume resistivity. It can be defined as the intrinsic
property of a given material that shows how it opposes the flow of current. It can also be defined as the
resistance offered by a conductor having unit length and unit area of cross section. The unit for resistivity
is the ohm-meter. The resistivity of a material depends on its nature and the temperature of the
conductor, but not on its shape and size

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