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Mechanics of Materials: Columns
Mechanics of Materials: Columns
CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
10 MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Columns
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Columns
Stability of Structures
Euler’s Formula for Pin-Ended Beams
Extension of Euler’s Formula
Sample Problem 10.1
Eccentric Loading; The Secant Formula
Sample Problem 10.2
Design of Columns Under Centric Load
Sample Problem 10.4
Design of Columns Under an Eccentric Load
Stability of Structures
• In the design of columns, cross-sectional area is
selected such that
- allowable stress is not exceeded
P
σ= ≤ σ all
A
- deformation falls within specifications
PL
δ= ≤ δ spec
AE
Stability of Structures
Stability of Structures
• Assume that a load P is applied. After a
perturbation, the system settles to a new
equilibrium configuration at a finite
deflection angle.
L
P sin θ = K (2θ )
2
PL P θ
= =
4 K Pcr sin θ
d2y P
2
+ y=0
dx EI
σ cr =
( )
π 2 E Ar 2
L2 A
π 2E
= 2
= critical stress
(L r )
L
= slenderness ratio
r
π 2E
σ cr =
(Le r )2
Le = 2 L = equivalent length
σ cr =
π 2E
=
(
π 2 10.1 × 106 psi )
2
(Le r ) (138.6 b )2
L = 20 in. (
12500 lbs π 2 10.1 × 106 psi
=
)
E = 10.1 x 106 psi
(0.35b )b (138.6 b )2
P = 5 kips b = 1.620 in.
a = 0.35b = 0.567 in.
FS = 2.5
a/b = 0.35
• Maximum stress
P ( ymax + e )c
σ max = 1+
A r2
P ec 1 P Le
= 1 + sec
A r 2 2 EA r
P ec 1 P Le
σ max = σ Y = 1 + 2 sec
A r 2 EA r
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 - 14
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Third
Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
- Critical load,
Pcr =
π 2 EI
=
( )(
π 2 29 × 106 psi 8.0 in 4 )
2
Le (192 in )2
= 62.1 kips
- Allowable load,
P 62.1 kips
Pall = cr = Pall = 31.1 kips
FS 2
Pall 31.1 kips
σ= = σ = 8.79 ksi
A 3.54 in 2
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 - 16
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Third
Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
σ m = 22.0 ksi
• At Le/r = Cc
2π 2 E
σ cr = 1σ
2 Y
Cc2 =
σY
• Alloy 2014-T6
Le/r < 55:
σ all = [30.7 − 0.23(Le / r )] ksi
= [212 − 1.585( Le / r )] MPa
Le/r > 66:
54000 ksi 372 × 103 MPa
σ all = 2
=
(Le / r ) (Le / r )2
SOLUTION:
• With the diameter unknown, the
slenderness ration can not be evaluated.
Must make an assumption on which
slenderness ratio regime to utilize.
• Interaction method:
P A Mc I
+ ≤1
(σ all )centric (σ all )bending