Exercise 2: Transmission Concepts and Performance of Switching Principles

Name: Saddam Hossen

P.no: 9112301917
A) Characteristics of Point-to-Point Transmission (7 points)

Assume direct fiber link between the East and West coast of the US, i.e. A → B. The

propagation

speed in copper and fiber to be 2/3 the speed of light in vacuum (vlight = 299 792

458 m / s). The distance between the East coast and the West coast is 2100 miles. The

synchronization rate, its maximum capacity, is 1Gbps. The transmission is done using

Ethernet frames which are 1522bytes large, i.e. fully loaded Ethernet packets.

1) What is the propagation delay between the two endpoints?

S= 2/3*299792458= 199861638 m/s

propagation delay = d/s = 3379622 /199861638

=0,0169 s

2) How many Ethernet frames can be at most simultaneously on the fiber link?

If the fiber link has 1Gbps capacity, then Max Ethernet capacity = 1GB/1522 bytes

= 657 030

3) What is the maximum payload of an ordinary Ethernet packets (no “jumbo frames”).

Here,

1 522 bytes

Details: 1 484 bytes data +8 +12 interpacket gap +18

4) How long does it take to transmit 1GByte (=1000000000 bytes) of Ethernet payload data?

propagation delay = d/s = 3379622 /199861638

=0,0169 s

Transmission delay = 1522/ 1000000000

=0,000001522

total time = propagation delay + Transmission delay = 0,016901522

B) Performance of Store-and-Forward Message Switching (7 points)

Assume the same East coast and West coast transmission. Now assume two intermediate

hops, A → B → C → D. The distance between A→B, B→C, and C→D is the same. How

long

does it take to transmit a message of 1GByte (=1000000000 bytes)

propagation delay = d/s = 3379622 /199861638

=0,0169 s

Transmission delay = (1522/ 10000000001) * 3

=0,000004566

total time = propagation delay + Transmission delay = 0,016901522 sec

C) Capabilities of Layered Network Architectures (6 points)

1) Explain the two aims of function layering!

Change: When changes are made to one layer, the impact on the other layers is minimized.

Design: A layered model defines each layer separately. As long as the interconnections between

layers remain constant, protocol designers can specialize in one area (layer) without worrying

about how any new implementations affect other layers.

2) What is a protocol?

A protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate with each other.

3) What is a service protocol in context of layers?

Service protocols handle the identification which service is needed to display the contents

of each packet.

For example,

• HTTP

• FTP

• SMTP