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TRACHEOSTOMY EMERGENCIES by Nick Mark MD & Helen D’Couto MD ONE @nickmmark
Link to the
most current
TRACHEOSTOMY SIZING: version →
COMPONENTS OF A TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE: @hdcouto23
Obturator is inserted into the inner Proper sizing is essential and depends on length, inner diameter, outer
cannula & used to guide placement; diameter, and curvature. Usually the size number refers to the inner
must remove to ventilate diameter (ID) of the outer cannula, measured in mm (e.g. Portex 6.0
has an ID of 6mm). This is not consistent for all manufacturers. The ID
Inner Cannula can be inserted into and OD sizes are always written on the flange.
the outer cannula. Removable.
Some tubes have an adjustable flange. Other specially made longer
Can be used to clear secretions.
tracheostomy tubes may be called XLT (extra long tubes).
Outer Cannula stays in tracheostomy;
Inner diameter Proximal XLT tubes Distal XLT tubes
attached to faceplate/flange.
(ID) is a can be used with can be used with
Pilot balloon indicates common thick neck tracheal stenosis
system of tube anatomy or or tracheomalacia
if tracheal cuff is Faceplate/flange
inflated sizing swelling
holds tracheotomy
tube against the neck Epiglottis
(usually has holes for
sutures) Hyoid bone
Tracheal cuff is a balloon used to seal the
tracheostomy tube against the trachea;
Thyroid cartilage
inflation enables sustained airway pressure
but prevents speech & eating.
Preparing for Tracheostomy Contingencies Cricoid cartilage
APPROACH TO TRACHEOSTOMY EMERGENCIES: Have a back-up airway plan prepared in advance.
There are three categories of emergencies involving a tracheostomy: • Have a back-up tracheostomy of the same size & one of a smaller
Innominate
DECANNULATION OBSTRUCTION artery
EARLY (<14 days)