INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION DEEPANSH SRIVASTAV

AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

EXPERIMENT NO. 2

AIM: To simulate analog and digital function blocks

OBJECTIVE: 1. Study various Function Blocks available in DCS

2. Develop FBD program using basic digital and analog function blocks.

THEORY: In the previous experiment the hardware and software associated with Distributed
Control System is discussed.
In this experiment the software and programming concept is discussed.
There are several programming languages used for logic development.
The IEC 61131 standard part3 specifies these languages as:

• Ladder Logic (LD)

• Structured Text (ST)
• Instruction List (IL)
• Sequential Flow Charts (SFC)
• Functional Block Diagram (FBD)

Generally in DCS Functional Block Diagram (FBD) is used for programming and Sequential Flow
Charts (SFC) is preferred for batch control applications.

Functional Block Diagram (FBD) Basics:

This language basically is a graphical language wherein the users are allowed to program elements
in the form of blocks. The blocks then can be wired together like electrical circuits. It describes a
function between input and output variables.
It is a graphical method of programming DCS. Functional algorithms and control strategies for a
particular plant can be implemented by FBD. The control modules are treated as unique entity in
DCS system. Each function block contains specific algorithm such as AI, AO, DI, DO, PID and the
parameters required for the algorithm. Function blocks ranges from simple input conversion block
to a complex control strategy.

Generally available Function blocks are:

1. Input/ Output (I/O)
2. Maths
3. Logical
4. Timer/ Counter
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AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

5. Analog Control
6. Advanced control

A Typical Function Block:

The description of the various parameters associated with this block:

· Definition name: This is the name by which the block is identified in the library.
· Usage name: This name can be user defined as per his/her convention.
· Parameters: These are part of the function block available for standard connection.
· Execution number: The number by which the function block is executed.

Following functions blocks are generally available in the libraries.

1. Input Output library

Analog Input
Analog Output
Discrete Input
Discrete Output
Pulse Input

2. Math Library
Add
Comparator
Divide
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AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

Multiply
Subtract
Absolute value
Integrator
2. Logical Library
And
Or
Condition
Not
Negative Edge Trigger

Let us discuss about the commonly used Input/ Output library function blocks.

Analog Input Function Block-

Analog Input (AI) Function Block accesses a single Analog measurement value and its status on
the AI channel. In manual mode, when AI block is configured, input has to be in engineering
units as well as output is indicated in engineering units on the screen. In automatic mode,
output of the block will reflect process variable value. Input to the block could be 4-20mA or
digitally communicated variable from HART based transmitter.

Analog Output Function Block-

Analog output (AO) function block assigns any output value to a field devices like control valve
through a specific AO channel. In manual mode, the output parameter value can be set
manually. In automatic mode, OUT is set automatically based on set point and process variable
value in engineering units. A feedback can also be set for the output parameter.
 INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION DEEPANSH SRIVASTAV
AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

Logical Library:

Commonly used logical blocks under logical library are described here.

AND Function Block:

AND function block is used as an AND operator. For 2 input AND gate if both the inputs are high the output
of the function block is high.

The function block and the truth table is as given below:

OR Function Block:

OR function block is used as an OR operator. For 2 input OR gate if any one inputs is high, the output of the
functions block is high. The function block and the truth table is as given below :
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION DEEPANSH SRIVASTAV
AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

NOT Function Block:

NOT function block is used as NOT operator, wherein if the input to the block is high or active the
output is opposite i.e., low and vice versa. The function block and the truth table are as given
below:

PROCEDURE:

Part 1: Understanding the operation of AI and AO function block

Step:
1.First left click on AI block available under IO tab. Drag this block to required
position.

2. Now left click on AO block. Drag it and put it next to AI block.

3. Take the cursor to the color dot at the output side of AI block. Move it by left
clicking and take it to the color dot at the Input side of AO block.
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION DEEPANSH SRIVASTAV
AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

4. Now click on Compile tab. If any compilation errors are there, it will be shown.

5. When user clicks on Run tab, default value of AI will get displayed on wired
connection.

To change the input value and observe the output change, right click on the AI block.
Select edit and enter an input value in the range 0-100. You will observe the change at
the AO block output.

When you click on the block, the properties of the block gets displayed.
To delete the connection, click on the wire question mark.

Other options like delete, disable and configure are available on right clicking the block.
For modifying the logic, user need to first press Stop tab and enter into Configure tab.

Part 2: Understanding the operation of DI and DO function block

Follow same procedure as above to get the bolcks in the workspace and connect DI and
DO blocks. In RUN mode, change the digital input value to 0 from1 or vice-versa.

Part 3: Understanding the operation of Logic function block

To configure the logic circuit, first reload the page by clicking Clear tab
1. First left click on digital input (DI) block to get it in the workspace. Repeat this
procedure for getting 2 DI blocks. They will be by default DI1 and DI2.

2. Left click on any logic function block e.g. AND function from Logic Tab.

3.Connect output of DI1 to one of the inputs of AND block.

Initially only one input connection is available with the logic block. As you make DI
connection with this input, another connection appears for this logic block.

4. Now click on Compile tab. If any compilation errors are there, it will be shown.

5. Now change one of the inputs to AND gate by toggling DI value from 0 to 1.

6. Change another input to AND gate in the similar manner and observe.

REFERENCE:
BOOKS:
[1] Popovic Bhatkar, “Distributed Computer control for Industrial Automation”.
[2] Gregory K. McMillan, Douglas M. Considine, “Process/industrial instruments and controls
handbook”.
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION DEEPANSH SRIVASTAV
AND PLC LAB (KEN 751) (1803221037)

[3] Douglas M. Considine, Glenn D. Considine, “Standard Handbook of Industrial

Automation”.