Earth Science - Grade 11

I. Introductory Concept

The global community recognizes soil pollution as a hidden danger to

people‟s health and food security. We need to raise awareness and encourage
the public to act together and address the threatening reality of soil pollution.
Soil Conservation protects the soil from degradation. It increases the
quality and quantity of crop yield because it keeps the topsoil in place and
preserves the long term productivity of the soil.
Another global problem that we are facing today is waste disposal. A huge
volume of waste is generated every day. The different sources of wastes can be
identified by recognizing the types of waste.
In this learning packet, you will know more about soil conservation and how
wastes are generated.

II. Learning Competencies:

Give ways of conserving and protecting the soil for future generations.
(S11ES-Ih-i-18)
Describe how people generate different types of wastes (solid, liquid, gaseous)
as they make use of various materials and resources in everyday life. (S11ES-
Ii-19)
 Classify wastes;
 Identify sources of wastes; and
 Discuss how people generate solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes.

III. ACTIVITIES:

ACTIVITY 1: CONSERVING SOIL

Directions: Complete the idea on the concept map by using the pool of
words in the table below.
Cutting down trees Creating more urban areas
Agroecological farming Destroying wetlands
Speak out for soil Grow your own foods
Using too much fertilizers and Composting
pesticides

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 Ways to
Conserve
Soil

Soil
Erosion
Causes

ACTIVITY 2: OH! MY SOIL! – A SIMPLE HOUSEHOLD SOIL SITE SURVEY

(Adapted from KidsGardening.org, 2018)
Materials:
Notebook
Pencil
Procedure:
1. Inventory of Existing Features. Sketch your home or dwelling space
area from a bird‟s-eye view in your notebook.
2. Outline the property lines and all existing features (where applicable)
like the fence, house, pathways, sitting area, laundry area, garden area,
water source, septic tank, storm drain, rain water collecting area and
waste area.

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 3. Locate areas with healthy soil and areas with degraded soil. Look at
the ground or containers and check your soil. Observe, record notes
and make labels on:
 Soil location (indoor, own backyard, adjacent vacant lot, or
community garden)
 Soil containment (ground, raised bed, containers)
 Soil condition (no vegetation, sealed, polluted, compacted or
waterlogged)
 Type of soil (natural or anthropogenic soils).
ANALYSIS
1. What are the existing indoor or outdoor plant material (flowers, herbs,
vegetables, shrubs and trees) and landscape beds (if there is any) in
your site?
2. What do you consider are the top two soil-related problem areas in your
home soil site?
3. Give five(5) ways on how to conserve and preserve soil in your own
home.
ABSTRACTION

Soil is essential to life on earth. Its declining health spells trouble for
everyone. But we can all do something to help conserve soil from the comfort of our
home. Taking action at home is a great way to get learning more about how soils
work, and protecting your own patch is a great first step towards making a difference
on a much bigger scale.

1. Grow Your Own

In your own back garden, on a windowsill or on a shared allotment, grow your
own is the most environmentally-friendly way to get your food. Growing different
vegetables and plants in your garden will help recycle nutrients back into the soil.
Leaving soil bare is not good for its health, rain can wash away soil nutrients. Make
sure you keep it covered with plants, edible crops and cover crops.

2. Compost
Organic matter is the part of soil that originates from plants or animals. It is an
essential ingredient in healthy soils, helping it hold onto nutrients and water. In
agroecological ways of farming, farmers use around 65% more manure and
compost! As a result, soil organic matter is higher on organic farms. An easy way to
boost soil organic matter is to apply compost - this will „feed‟ your soil with a diversity
of nutrients and microorganisms. Fallen leaves and dead plants will add to soil
organic matter too, as well as providing a home for insects and other garden-
dwelling creatures.

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3. Grow Soil Saving Plants
Another way of saving soil at home is to plant flowers and plants that are
beneficial to soil health. Plants that pull nitrogen from the air help increase the fertility
of soil, while deep-rooting plants stop compaction, promote healthy soil structure,
and draw up nutrients deeper in the soil for use by other plants.

4. Support Soil-Friendly Agroecological Farming

The way we eat and farm can make a world of difference for our soil. Opting
to support agroecological farming, like organic, in your local area means casting a
vote for a way of nourishing plants by building soil fertility naturally.

5. Speak Out For Soil

Raising awareness about the issue of soil degradation is really important.
Sharing information with friends and family, and helping others how to save their own
soil at home is a great help.

APPLICATION

Directions: Now that you have an initial soil site analysis at home, design a plan to
create a future green space at home. Apply at least two soil-water conservation
practices.

1. Describe two soil-water conservation practices you will use in your “green dig”
plan.
A. _________________________________________________________________
B. _________________________________________________________________

2. Sketch the green space on a base map where you will apply the conservation
practices. (See attached rubric for scoring)

3. Write a paragraph to justify why you have chosen the two practices and their
locations. Discuss the benefits of your adopted home green space.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITY 3: IDENTIFYING TYPES OF WASTE
Directions: Label S if it is a solid waste, L if it is a liquid waste and G if it is a gaseous
waste. Write your answer on the space provided.

___ 1. Grease ___ 5. Used tires ___9. Fabrics/cloth rags

___ 2. Methane ___6. Scrap metals ___10. Used cooking oil
___ 3. Aerosols ___7.Waste detergent
___ 4. Hydrocarbons ___8. Skin of fruits

ACTIVITY 4: YOU COMPLETE ME!

Directions: Complete the idea on the concept map using the pool of words from the table below.
Use the given pattern in answering but do it vertically downward:
Type of waste wastes generated waste generation source of waste

Solid Waste Exhaust Fans Industrial

Bleach Vials and Syringes Injectable Preparations
Residential Cleaning Waste
Sulfur Dioxide Gaseous Waste Medical

Waste

An unwanted or unusable material or any substance

which is of no use and discarded after primary use

Liquid Waste

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ANALYSIS
1. What are the different types of waste?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2. Cite one example each of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. Identify the
sources.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Give five (5) ways of conserving soil in your own home.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

ABSTRACTION

<https://byjus.com/biology/types-of-waste/> [Accessed 9 August 20201].

1. Solid wastes

Solid waste can include a variety of items found in your household along with
commercial and industrial locations.
 Plastic waste – This consists of bags, containers, jars, bottles and many other
products that can be found in your household. Plastic is not biodegradable, but
many types of plastic can be recycled.
 Paper or card waste – This includes packaging materials, newspapers,
cardboards and other products.
 Tins and metals – appliances, product packaging, paint cans
 Ceramics and glass – figurines, jalousie, wine or liquor bottles. Glass can be
recycled indefinitely.

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2. Liquid waste

Liquid waste is commonly found both in households as well as in industries.

This includes dirty water, organic liquids, wash water, waste detergents and
even rainwater.

Waste water may also contain organic substances and nutrients that are of
value to agriculture, or may be hazardous due to the chemicals and pathogens it
contains like those liquid wastes from hospitals.
3. Gaseous waste

Gaseous wastes are wastes in gas form. These include oxides of carbon,
sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, aerosols, carbon monoxide,
methane and other greenhouse gases. The increasing number of factories,
industrial areas and the number of vehicles cause a large amount of gaseous
wastes coming to the atmosphere.
SOURCES OF WASTES

Generation of waste is a part and parcel of day-to-day human activities.

Wastes can be generated from various sources. This includes trash or garbage
from households, schools, offices, marketplaces, restaurants and other public
places. Everyday items like food debris, used plastic bags, soda cans and plastic
water bottles, broken furniture, broken home appliances and worn out clothing
make up the wastes generated from such sources.
Medical or Clinical Sources
Wastes produced from health care facilities, such as hospitals, clinics,
veterinary hospitals, and laboratories are referred to as medical or clinical waste.
This includes surgical items, pharmaceuticals, blood, biomedical waste, wound
dressing materials, needles and syringes.
Agricultural Sources
Waste generated by agricultural activities, including horticulture, livestock
breeding, market gardening and seedling nurseries are sources
of agricultural wastes. Wastes generated from this source include empty
pesticide containers, old silage wrap, out of date medicines and wormers,
surplus milk, cocoa pods and corn husks.
Industrial Sources
These are the wastes released from manufacturing and processing industries
like chemical plants, cement factories, power plants, textile industries, food
processing industries and petroleum industries.

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 Wastes from Construction
Concrete debris, woods, huge package boxes and plastics from the building
materials comprise construction wastes, which is yielded as a result of the
construction of roads and buildings. Demolition of old buildings and structures
also generate wastes and these are called demolition wastes.
Commercial Sources
As a result of the advancement of modern cities, industries and automobiles,
wastes are generated daily on a large scale from commercial enterprises. These
may include food items, disposable medical items, textiles and others.
Mining Sources
Mining activities also generate wastes that have the potential to disturb the
physical, chemical and biological features of the land and atmosphere. The
wastes include the overburden material, mine tailings (the waste left after
extracting the ore from the rock) and harmful gases released by blasting.
Radioactive Sources
Radioactive sources of wastes include nuclear reactors, mining of radioactive
substances and atomic explosions.
Electronic Sources
The DVD and music players, TV, telephones, computers, vacuum cleaners
and all the other electrical stuff at home which are of no use are electronic
wastes. These are also called e-waste, e-scrap, or waste electrical and
electronic equipment (WEEE). Some e-waste (like TV) contains lead, mercury
and cadmium, which are harmful to humans and the environment.

APPLICATION
How Humans Generate Wastes!

Directions: Identify three sources of wastes (solid, liquid, and gaseous) in your locality.
Identify the wastes they generate and discuss briefly how these wastes are generated.

Type of Sources of
Wastes Wastes Wastes Generated Waste Generation
 
 
Solid Wastes  

 Residential  Ex: used cooking oil Food frying

Liquid Wastes  
 

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  
Gaseous  
Wastes  

IV. Rubric
Criteria 5 Points 4 Points 3 Points
Drawing Drawing is expressive Absence of 1 detail Absence of 2 details
and detailed in shapes,
patterns, shading,
texture and neat

Design Green space is Absence of 1 Absence of 2 basis for

designed based on soil basis for soil analysis soil analysis
location, soil
containment soil
condition and soil type

Property Outline all existing features like Absence of 3 existing Absence of 4

the fence, house, features in the outline Existing features in the
pathways, sitting area, outline
laundry area, garden
area, water source,
septic tank, storm
drain, rain water
collecting area and
waste area are well
outlined

Creativity The technique being The technique being Lacks technique

applied is aesthetically applied is aesthetically
appealing and appealing but does not
promotes soil promote soil
conservation and conservation and
preservation preservation

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V. Answer Key

Speak out Destroying

for soil wetlands

Ways to Soil
Agroecological Using too much Cutting
farming Conserve Composting fertilizers and erosion
Soil pesticides down trees
causes

Grow your Creating

own food more urban
areas

Activity 3 ACTIVITY 4
YOU COMPLETE ME!
1. L
2. G
3. G
4. G
5. S
6. S
7. L
8. S
9. S
10. L

VI. References

Puerto, LM.B. & Corral, R.B., EarthScience11_Quarter 1_Module_Week6: Generation of

Wastes

Esmade, MG.C., EarthScience12_Q1_Module7_Waste_ver3.pdf-Adobe Reader

Wastes-Sources of Wastes.[online] Available at:

<https://byjus.com/biology/types-of-waste/> [Accessed 9 August 20201].

Ways to Conserve Soil at Home

https://www.soilassociation.org/causes-campaigns/save-our-soil/five-ways-you-can-save-
our-soils-at-home/

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 Development Team of the Learner’s Packet

Writer : Sheryl L. Dollente

Validators/Editors : Manuel F. Teodoro

Rechilda C. Aplacador

Madilyn B. Povadora

Filomena R. Dela Peña

Elinita P. Fabella

Chonelou John J. Loberiano

Nikki Faith A. Bantillo

Athina L. Camila

Quality Assurance
Teams: Helen Z. Cornelio
Antonio G. Belmonte, Jr.
Athina L. Camila
Hector M. Panti
Iriga City Division

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