Review outline

1. 隧道的定义；

Definition of tunnel

2. 隧道的分类：按长度、断面大小、埋深等；

Classification of tunnels: according to length, section size, buried depth,

etc.;

3. 隧道工程的发展趋势；

The development trend of tunnel engineering

4. 隧道工程地质调查与勘测的内容

The content of tunnel engineering geological survey and survey

5. 超前地质预报：定义及作用；

Advanced geological prediction: definition and function

6. 常用方法：地质法、钻探、物探

Common methods: (geological method, drilling, geophysical

prospecting)

7. 什么是围岩？什么是围岩分级？围岩分级的基本因素？目前我国

铁路、公路隧道采用的围岩分级方法？

What is surrounding rock? What is the classification of surrounding

rock? What are the basic factors of surrounding rock classification?

8. 在围岩分级中，地下水对围岩的影响。

In the surrounding rock classification, how groundwater affects the

surrounding rock.
9. 衬砌结构体系分类：复合式衬砌、单层衬砌、装配式衬砌、无支

护坑道。

Classification of lining structure system: composite lining, single-layer

lining, fabricated lining, unsupported tunnel.

10. 复合式衬砌的定义及构成。

The definition and composition of composite lining.

11. 初期支护的主要方式：锚杆、喷混凝土、钢架、钢筋网

The main methods of initial support: anchor rod, shotcrete, steel frame,

steel mesh

12. 锚杆支护的三个基本作用。

Three basic functions of anchor rod.

13. 洞门的作用、主要结构类型及适用条件。

The role of portal. The main types of construction and conditions of

application of portal.

14. 隧道明洞的作用及分类。

The role and classification of open cut tunnel.

15. 隧道纵坡的类型？人字坡、单面坡，各自的选择依据。

Types of longitudinal slopes in tunnels. Single-sided slopes and

herringbone slopes, and the basis for their selection.

16. 隧道净空及各种限界的定义。

Definition of tunnel clearances and the various limits.

17. 隧道结构体系构成？隧道围岩与支护结构的基本关系？隧道结构
 体系的受力特点？

What is the structure of a tunnel? What is the basic relationship

between the tunnel envelope and the support structure? What are the

characteristics of the forces/stresses in the tunnel structure system?

18. 初试应力场的定义、组成，二次应力场、三次应力场的概念。

Definition, composition of the initial stress field. The concept of

secondary stress field, tertiary stress field.

19. 隧道开挖引起的围岩应力状态改变？

How does the stress state in the surrounding rock change after tunnel

excavation?

20. 隧道结构体系计算模型（ITA 推荐的 4 种模型）：经验设计法、实

用设计方法（收敛-约束法）、荷载结构模型、连续介质模型。

Tunnel structural system calculation model (4 models recommended

by ITA): empirical design method, practical design method

(convergence-constraint method), load structure model, continuous

medium model.

21. 围岩压力分类：形变压力、松动压力、冲击压力、膨胀压力。

Classification of surrounding rock pressures: deformation pressure,

loosening pressure, impact pressure, expansion pressure.

22. 荷载-支护特性曲线？

What is the load-support characteristic curve?

23. 新奥法基本原理，主要工序，新奥法施工基本原则，三大要素；
 The basic principles, main processes and basic principles of the New

Austrian Method. The three elements of New Austrian Law;

24. 全断面法

What is full face excavation method

25. 台阶法（长台阶、短台阶、超短台阶）

benching tunnelling method can be divided into the following

categories according to the length of the excavation. (Long step, short

step, ultrashort step)

26. 隧道开挖主要采用的爆破方法：光面爆破、预裂爆破

The main blasting methods used in tunnel excavation: (smooth blasting,

pre-cracking)

27. 出渣运输方式：有轨运输、无轨运输。

The mode of transportation of muck: track transportation, trackless

transportation.

28. 锚杆、喷射混凝土、钢架、钢筋网各自的特点及力学作用机理

The respective characteristics and mechanics mechanism of anchor rod,

sprayed concrete, steel frame, and steel mesh.

29. 监控量测的目的和作用；监测项目的主要内容（主要的必测项目

和选车项目）

The purpose and function of monitoring measurement; the main

content of the monitoring project (the main items that must be

measured and the items selected for measurement).

30. 隧道信息化施工的概念和基本原理。

The concept and basic principles of tunnel information construction.

31. 辅助坑道的类型和用途？（横洞、斜井、竖井、平行导坑）

What are the types and uses of auxiliary tunnels? (Horizontal hole,

inclined shaft, vertical shaft, parallel pilot pit)

32. 盾构机的主要分类方法？

What are the main methods of classifying shield machines?

33. 盾构设备类型选择依据。

What is the basis for the selection of the type of shield equipment?

34. 管片的类型、管片的分块方式、拼装方式；/The type of segment,

the way of segmentation, and the way of assembly.

⚫ the type of pipe sheet, the way in which it is divided into pieces, the

way in which it is assembled.

35. 什么是 TBM？TBM 刀盘及刀具特点?

What is a TBM and what are the characteristics of a TBM cutter and

cutting tools?

36. TBM 的分类及各自的施工特点、适用性？

What is the classification of TBMs and their respective construction

characteristics and applicability?