INDUS VALLEY

CIVILIZATION
01
 CONTENT

Introduction & Geography

Society and Culture

Agriculture

Art & Architecture

 Introduction

he Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus

Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern
regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in
its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Together with
ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early
civilisations of the Near East and South Asia, and of the three,
the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from
today's northeast Afghanistan, through much of Pakistan, and
into western and northwestern India.
 Geographical Range

The huge Indus river system waters a rich

agricultural landscape. The Indus plain is
surrounded by high mountains, desert and
ocean, and at that time there were dense
forests and swamps to the east
 Trade System

The Indus people were greatly reliant on trade. They traded with
many different civilizations like Persia, Mesopotamia and China.
They were also known to trade in the Arabian Gulf region,
central parts of Asia, portions of Afghanistan and northern and
western India. Some goods that were traded were terracotta
pots, beads, gold, silver, colored gems like turquoise and lapis
lazuli, metals, flints, seashells and pearls.
 Religion
1. The Indus people probably worshipped Mother Goddess, in addition to male
and female deities.

2. They worshipped a father God who might be a progenitor of the race and
probably was a prototype of Siva as the Lord of the Animals.

3. They were familiar with some form of yoga and meditation.

4. They believed in some kind of a tree of life, which is depicted in the seals as
a Pipal or Acacia tree, defended by a guardian spirit against an evil force
symbolized as a tiger. In seals, the guardian spirit is depicted variously as a
bull, a snake, a goat, a mythical creature or animal.
 Agriculture and Cuisine

According to research the people of the Indus Valley

civilization grew crops according to winters and summers.
People used to grow different varieties of wheat, barley,
rice, millet, lentils, fruits and vegetables including
brinjal, cucumber grapes, dates, for winter heat.
 Art and Craft

The artists and craftsmen of the Indus

Valley were extremely skilled in a variety
of crafts—metal casting, stone carving,
making and painting pottery and making
terracotta images using simplified motifs
of animals, plants and birds.
 Architecture
Most were built of fired and mortared brick; some
incorporated sun-dried mud-brick and wooden
superstructures. Sites were often raised, or built on
man made hills. This could be to combat flooding in
the nearby areas. Another aspect of the architecture is
they often built walls around their entire cities.
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