Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3) The ‘screw-home’ movement in extension of the knee joint begins with tightening of the:
a) anterior cruciate ligament
b) oblique popliteal ligament
c) medial collateral ligament
d) lateral collateral ligament
e) posterior cruciate ligament
4) Tibialis anterior:
a) is supplied by the tibial nerve
b) inserts into the second metatarsal bone
c) is pierced by the posterior tibial artery
d) tendon perforates the superior extensor retinaculum
e) does not arise from the interosseous membrane
8) Gluteus maximus:
a) forms the gluteal fold
b) has four bursae beneath it
c) has blood supply solely from the inferior gluteal artery
d) is the chief control of hip flexion
e) has 50% of fibres inserting into the gluteal tuberosity
9) Regarding the adductor compartment:
a) adductor magnus lies between the anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve
b) adductor longus inserts into the upper two thirds of the linear aspect of the femur
c) the hamstring part of adductor magnus is supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve
d) the medial intermuscular septum separates the adductor compartment from the posterior compartment
e) obturator externus medially rotates the hip
19) The following cutaneous nerves of the thigh are derived in part form the second lumbar nerve except::
a) ilioinguinal
b) medial femoral cutaneous nerve
c) obturator nerve
d) lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
e) genitofemoral nerve
20) Which of the following, regarding the great saphenous vein, is INCORRECT?
a) it is the longest vein in the body
b) it passes behind the medial malleolus
c) at the knee, it lies a hand’s breadth behind the medial border of the patella
d) the saphenous opening lies about 3cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle
e) the deep external pudendal artery runs medially behind the saphenous vein near its termination
21) Which of the following is CORRECT regarding lymphatic drainage of the lower limb?
a) the superficial inguinal node group consists of about 15 nodes
b) the lateral nodes of the proximal superficial group receive lymph from the buttock, flank and back
below the waist
c) the medial nodes of proximal superficial group receive lymph from testes, glans penis, lower anal canal
and perineum
d) the distal nodes of the superficial group receive all the superficial lymphatics of the lower limb
e) the superficial inguinal nodes drain mainly to the internal iliac nodes
24) Which of the following muscles is not found in the floor of the femoral triangle?
a) iliacus
b) psoas
c) pectineus
d) adductor magnus
e) adductor longus
25) Which of the following is not found within the femoral sheath?
a) femoral artery
b) femoral canal
c) femoral hernia
d) femoral nerve
e) lymph node of Cloquet
28) All the following are branches of the femoral nerve except:
a) medial femoral cutaneous nerve
b) saphenous nerve
c) nerve to vastus medialis
d) lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
e) nerve to sartorius
29) Which factor is most important in preventing lateral displacement of the patella during quadriceps
contraction?
a) the forward prominence of the lateral condyle of the femur
b) the action of articularis genu
c) the action of vastus medialis
d) the action of rectus femoris
e) the tension of the medial patellar retinaculum
36) Muscles in the floor of the femoral triangle include all EXCEPT:
a) adductor magnus
b) pectineus
c) psoas
d) ilacus
e) adductor longus
38) The most medial structure passing under the inferior extensor retinaculum of the foot is:
a) deep peroneal nerve
b) tibialis anterior
c) extensor hallucis longus
d) anterior tibial artery
e) peroneus brevis
2) The patellar plexus takes twigs from all but which of the following?
a) infrapatellar branch of the common peroneal nerve
b) medial femoral cutaneous nerve
c) lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
d) intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve
e) infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve
9) Which of the following structures is NOT found in the adductor (subsartorial) canal?
a) femoral artery
b) femoral vein
c) femoral nerve
d) saphenous nerve
e) nerve to vastus medialis
15) Following an injury to the leg, a patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot. Which nerve is most likely to be
damaged?
a) the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve
b) the sural nerve
c) the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve
d) the saphenous nerve
e) none of the above
22) Which of the following does NOT apply to the popliteus muscle?
a) it inserts into the lateral meniscus of the knee joint
b) it is innervated by the tibial nerve
c) it acts to extend the knee joint
d) it inserts into the lateral condyle of the femur
e) it acts to laterally rotate the femur of the fixed tibia
23) A 30 year old man presents with adenopathy of the medial group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes on
the right side. Which of the following is the primary site resulting in this finding?
a) right testis
b) right buttock
c) the skin of the right lower limb
d) the anal canal
e) none of the above
28) A 25 year old man is unable to plantar flex his foot. The most likely cause is damage to:
a) the superficial peroneal nerve
b) the L5 nerve root
c) the tibial nerve
d) soleus
e) gastrocnemius
29) Which of the following is NOT a component of the second layer of the sole of the foot?
a) tendon of flexor hallucis longus
b) abductor hallucis
c) flexor accessorius
d) the lumbrical muscles
e) tendon of flexor digitorum longus
30) Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
a) the sciatic nerve
b) the pudendal nerve and vessels
c) the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
d) the inferior gluteal nerve and vessels
e) the nerve to obturator externus
35) Following a subcapital fracture of the neck of the femur, an 80 year old man sustains avascular necrosis of
the femoral head. This is most likely to be the consequence of interruption to the blood supply to the head
from which of the following sources:
a) arteries from trochanteric anastomosis in the retinacula
b) artery of the ligament of the head from the obturator artery
c) branches from the profunda femoris artery
d) branches from the pudendal artery
e) branches from the inferior gluteal artery
36) Which structure does NOT bass under the inguinal ligament?
a) femoral vein
b) lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
c) femoral nerve
d) femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
e) great saphenous vein
38) Regarding the femoral nerve, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
a) the superficial group consists of two cutaneous and two muscular branches
b) the nerve to the vastus medialis passes down on the medial side of the femoral artery
c) the medial femoral cutaneous nerve belongs to the superficial group
d) the saphenous nerve is the only cutaneous branch of the deep group of the femoral nerve
e) the femoral nerve is formed from the posterior divisions of the ventral rami of the lumbar nerves 2, 3
and 4
39) Regarding the hip joint all of the following statements are true ????EXCEPT:
a) the anterior fibres of the gluteus medius and minimus act as medial rotator of the hip joint
b) the gluteus maximus is the most powerful lateral rotator of the hip joint
c) gluteus medius and minimus are supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
d) the superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) emerges from the greater sciatic notch
e) the iliofemoral ligament limits extension at the hip joint
40) Regarding the popliteal fossa, which of the following statements is true?
a) the common peroneal nerve slopes downwards lateral to the biceps tendon
b) the sural nerve is a cutaneous branch of the common peroneal nerve
c) the middle genicular artery of the popliteal artery supply the cruciate ligaments
d) the popliteus muscle is supplied by a branch of the common peroneal nerve
e) the recurrent genicular nerve is a branch of the tibial nerve
41) Regarding the extensor compartment of the lower leg, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a) the tibialis anterior muscle is supplied by the deep peroneal and recurrent genicular nerves (L4)
b) extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscle lie lateral to tibialis anterior artery throughout
c) the deep peroneal nerve arises within the peroneus longus muscle
d) the extensor digitorum longus dorsiflex the lateral toes
e) the extensor hallucis longus arises from the middle two-fourths of the tibia and the adjacent
interosseous membrane
42) Regarding the foot, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
a) the tibialis posterior muscle inverts and adducts the forefoot
b) the tibialis posterior muscle plantarflex the ankle joint
c) the tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflex the ankle and inverts the foot
d) all interossei muscles are supplied by the lateral plantar nerve
e) calcaneal branches of the deep peroneal nerve supply the skin of the heel
49) Which of the following bursae is most likely to communicate with the knee joint?
a) deep infrapatellar bursa
b) superficial infrapatellar bursa
c) prepatellar bursa
d) semimembranosis bursa
e) suprapatellar bursa
51) The muscle which provides the most control of hip joint movement during the act of sitting is:
a) iliacus
b) semitendinosis
c) semimembranosis
d) gluteus maximus
e) gluteus medius
52) Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) tendon of obturator internus
b) piriformis muscle
c) posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
d) pudendal nerve
e) nerve to quadratus femoris
1 C 28 C
2 A 29 B
3 A 30 E
4 A 31 A
5 B 32 B
6 C 33 D
7 D 34 D
8 E 35 A
9 C 36 E
10 E 37 C
11 D 38 B
12 A 39 C
13 B 40 C
14 D 41 E
15 A 42 E
16 B 43 E
17 C 44 A
18 D 45 D
19 C 46 E
20 D 47 A
21 C 48 B
22 C 49 E
23 D 50 D
24 E 51 D
25 A 52 A
26 B 53 D
27 E 54 C
Section 3
2) The iliotibial tract is the conjoined aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae lata and:
a) gluteus minimus
b) gluteus medius
c) gluteus maximus
d) Camper’s fascia
e) Scarpa’s fascia
5) Passing through the greater sciatic notch deep to the sciatic nerve is which of the following?
a) internal pudendal vessels and nerve
b) inferior gemellus muscle
c) posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
d) nerve to quadratus femoris
e) none of the above
6) The femoral vein lies …….. to the femoral artery in the femoral sheath:
a) lateral
b) medial
c) anterior
d) posterior
e) femoral vein is not in the femoral sheath
7) The main function of gluteus maximus is which of the following:
a) a site for injections
b) a cushion for sitting
c) a flexor of the hip
d) a lateral rotator of the hip
e) none of the above
12) At birth:
a) all the tarsal bones are ossified
b) only calcaneus is ossified
c) calcaneus and talus are ossified
d) calcaneus, talus and cuboid are ossified
e) none of the above
19) The obturator nerve is derived from the anterior rami of:
a) T12, L1 and L2
b) L1, L2 and L3
c) L2, L3 and L4
d) L3, L4 and S1
e) none of the above
22) Structures closely related to long saphenous vein at ankle include which of the following?
a) major perforating veins to deep venous system
b) a branch of the femoral nerve
c) medial superficial lymphatic trunks
d) a branch of the anterior tibial nerve
e) dorsalis pedis artery
23) The only muscle to cross the anterior tibial artery is:
a) extensor hallucis longus
b) extensor digitorum brevis
c) extensor hallucis brevis
d) extensor digitorum longus
e) tibialis anterior
27) The superficial epigastric, superior perforating and deep external pudendal arteries are all branches of:
a) profunda femoris
b) popliteal
c) internal iliac
d) external iliac
e) none of the above
28) Which of the following is NOT a branch of the profunda femoris artery?
a) medial femoral circumflex
b) lateral femoral circumflex
c) popliteal
d) perforating
e) all are branches of the profunda
31) Iliopsoas:
a) supplied by obturator nerve
b) medial rotator of hip
c) synergist of quadriceps femoris
d) lateral rotator of hip
e) none of the above
33) The cutaneous nerve supplying the medial aspect of the calf is:
a) anterior femoral cutaneous
b) sural
c) superficial peroneal
d) saphenous
e) posterior femoral cutaneous
40) The lateral aspect of the thigh has a cutaneous nerve supply derived from:
a) L2 and 3
b) L3 and 4
c) L5, S1 and S2
d) L4, L5 and S1
e) S1 and S2
41) The sole of the foot has a cutaneous nerve supply derived from:
a) L4, L5, S1 and S2
b) L5 and S1
c) L4, L5 and S1
d) L4 and L5
e) L5, S1 and S2
42) The adductor (subsartorial) cancal of Hunter is bounded laterally by:
a) adductor longus
b) adductor magnus
c) vastus medialis
d) sartorius
e) femoral vein
43) In the upper part of the popliteal fossa the following are found from medial to lateral:
a) popliteal artery, popliteal vein, sciatic vein
b) popliteal vein, popliteal artery, sciatic nerve
c) sciatic nerve, popliteal artery, popliteal vein
d) sciatic nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery
e) popliteal artery, sciatic nerve, popliteal vein
53) On the front of the ankle joint, the tendon of extensor hallucis longus:
a) is medial to tibialis anterior
b) is medial to deep peroneal nerve
c) is lateral to extensor digitorum longus
d) possesses no synovial sheath
e) is lateral to extensor hallucis brevis
64) Pectineus:
a) medial rotator of hip
b) sometimes supplied by obturator nerve
c) flexor of hip
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
65) The segmental supply to the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh is:
a) S3, 4
b) L4, 5
c) S1, 2, 3
d) L4, 5 and S1
e) none of the above
69) If the common peroneal nerve is divided the following are lost:
a) plantar flexion of toes
b) inversion of foot
c) dorsiflexion of foot
d) plantar flexion of foot
e) there is no loss of cutaneous sensation
70) Flexor hallucis longus muscle:
a) is attached to the tibia
b) has a tendon which in the sole, is superficial to that of flexor longus digitorum
c) is a unipennate muscle
d) is attached to the proximal phalanx of the great toe
e) none of the above
73) Talus:
a) receives all its blood supply to the body through dorsal aspect of neck
b) gives attachment to spring ligament
c) posterior aspect of body grooved by flexor longus hallucis
d) gives partial origin to abductor hallucis
e) none of the above
Section 3
Answers
1 C 38 C
2 C 39 B
3 B 40 A
4 C 41 B
5 D 42 C
6 B 43 A
7 E 44 E
8 E 45 C
9 E 46 B
10 D 47 A
11 A 48 D
12 D 49 E
13 C 50 D
14 B 51 A
15 B 52 A
16 C 53 B
17 A 54 B
18 D 55 A
19 C 56 E
20 C 57 B
21 C 58 C
22 B 59 A
23 A 60 A
24 A 61 D
25 B 62 A
26 D 63 D
27 E 64 D
28 C 65 C
29 D 66 D
30 B 67 C
31 B 68 C
32 B 69 C
33 D 70 E
34 D 71 E
35 A 72 C
36 C 73 C
37 B
Section 4
1) Gluteus maximus:
a) superficial muscle of buttock ch???? by small fibre size
b) 90% of muscle inserts into upper end of iliotibial tract
c) four bursa lie beneath to muscle
d) shared common nerve supply with gluteus medius
e) blood supply from both superior and inferior gluteal artery
4) Superficial cutaneous nerves supplying the thigh include the following EXCEPT:
a) ilioinguinal nerve
b) saphenous nerve
c) femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
d) medial femoral cutaneous nerve
e) intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve
5) The flexor compartment of the thigh contains which of the following muscles?
a) gluteus maximus
b) adductor magnus
c) garacilis
d) semimembranosus
e) rectus femoris
9) At the hip:
a) the ligament of the head of the femur is attached to the acetabular notch
b) the pubofemoral ligament is the weakest ligament at the hip
c) flexion tightens the ligaments
d) the obturator nerve via its anterior division, innervates the capsule and retinacular fibres
e) the normal range of flexion is 160°
16) Which of the following structures can be missing in a completely stable and functional knee?
a) ACL
b) PCL
c) oblique ligament
d) patella
e) lateral collateral ligament
24) Profunda femoris artery is separated from the femoral artery by:
a) pectineus
b) satorius
c) fascia lata
d) femur
e) adductor longus
28) Popliteus:
a) attaches to the medial femoral condyle
b) “locks” the knee in extension
c) supplied by a branch of the femoral nerve
d) lies immediately deep to the popliteal artery
e) may attach to the medial meniscus
29) The third layers of muscles of the sole of the foot include:
a) four lumbricals and quadratus plantae
b) plantar and dorsal interossei
c) extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
d) flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis tranversus, adductor hallucis obliquus and flexor
hallucis brevis
e) abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digitorum brevis
35) Which one of the following muscles has a double nerve supply?
a) rectus femoris
b) sartorius
c) pectineus
d) adductor longus
36) Inversion and eversion of the foot take place MAINLY at the:
a) ankle joint
b) joints between the talus and calcaneus
c) joint between calcaneus and navicular bone
d) calcanocuboid joint
e) inferior tibiofibular joint
Answers
1 E
2 D
3 C
4 B
5 D
6 C
7 B
8 C
9 D
10 E
11 E
12 C
13 D
14 C
15 A
16 D
17 A
18 E
19 E
20 A
21 B
22 C
23 A
24 E
25 B
26 B
27 A
28 D
29 no answer
30 no answer
31 no answer
32 no answer
33 C
34 B
35 C
36 B
37 A
38 A
1 Regarding superficial nerves of the anterior thigh
A The ilioinguinal nerve only supplies external genitalia
B The genitofemoral nerve supplies the skin over the femoral triangle
C The medial femoral cutaneous nerve arises from L3/4
D The intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve supplies a small area of skin over the inguinal ligament
E The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve runs lateral to the anterior superior iliac spine
4 Regarding the femoral artery, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A The artery enters the femoral triangle at the mid-inguinal point
B Passes anterior to the profunda femoris branch
C Supplies muscles of the adductor compartment
D Ceases at the mid point of the popliteal fossa
E Lies medial to the femoral nerve
5 Regarding the femoral nerve, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A It is formed from the anterior divisions of the anterior rami of L2/3/4
B It supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment
C It does not lie within the femoral sheath
D It supplies iliacus but not psoas
E Branches include the medial and intermediate femoral cutaneous nerves
6 Regarding the obturator nerve, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A It is formed from the anterior divisions of the anterior rami of L2/3/4
B Its anterior division supplies adductor longus, brevis, pectineus and gracilis
C Its posterior division supplies all of adductor magnus
D It gives a cutaneous branch which supplies the medial thigh
E It gives articular branches to the hip and knee joints
7 Gluteus maximus
A Arises from the gluteal fossa of the ileum between the middle and superior gluteal lines
B is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve
C extends and medially rotates the hip
D mostly inserts into the iliotibial tract
E paralysis results in a waddling gait
8 The pudendal nerve
A Arises from L5/S1/2
B Emerges from the upper border of piriformis
C Contains only sensory fibres
D Passes medial to the ischial spine
E Passes through the greater sciatic foramen to enter the pelvis
9 Regarding the hamstring muscles, all of the following are true EXCEPT
A All of the hamstrings arise from the innominate bone
B All of the hamstring muscles are supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve
C The long head of biceps femoris and semitendinosus have a common origin
D The adductor magnus is not part of the hamstring group
E Biceps forms the medial border of the popliteal fossa
18 Which of the following structures does not pass anterior to the medial malleolus
A Tibialis anterior
B Extensor hallucis longus
C Flexor hallucis longus
D Anterior tibial artery
E Peroneus tertius
Q A
1 B
2 E
3 D
4 D
5 A
6 C
7 D
8 D
9 E
10 B
11 B
12 D
13 E
14 A
15 C
16 A
17 B
18 C
Hip and thigh
1. Femoral nerve
a. is less subject to damage by penetrating injuries of the lower abdomen than of the lower limb
b. Damage may cause anaesthesia of the foot
c. Is contained within the femoral sheath
d. Is formed by the anterior divisions of L2,3,4
e. Gives a single muscular branch to iliacus
3. Femoral nerve
a. Is formed from the anterior divisions of the anterior primary rami of L2-4
b. Is formed from the same spinal segments as the obturator nerve
c. Divides after passing through the femoral triangle
d. Has no cutaneous branches other than the saphenous nerve
e. Enters the thigh in the femoral sheath
4. Which of the following does not pass through the greater sciatic foramen
a. The sciatic nerve
b. The pudendal nerve and vessels
c. The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
d. Inferior gluteal vessels and nerve
e. Nerve to obturator externus
5. Which of the following are not found in the adductor (subsartorial) canal
a. Femoral artery
b. Femoral vein
c. Femoral nerve
d. Saphenous nerve
e. Nerve to vastus medialis
6. A 30 y.o. man presents with adenopathy of the medial group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes on the
right side. Which of the following is the primary site resulting in this finding?
a. Right testis
b. Right buttock
c. Skin of lower limb
d. Anal canal
e. None of the above
7. Following a subcapital fracture of the neck of femur, an 80 y.o. man sustains avascular necrosis of the
femoral head. This is most likely to be the consequence of interruption to the blood supply to the head
from which of the following sources?
a. Arteries from the trochanteric anastomoses in the retinacula
b. Artery of the ligament of the head from the obturator artery
c. Branches from the profunda femoris artery
d. Branches from the pudendal artery
e. Branches from the inferior gluteal artery
8. The muscle which provides the most control of hip joint movement during the act of sitting is
a. Iliacus
b. Semitendonosis
c. Semimembranosis
d. Gluteus maximus
e. Gluteus minimis
25. The muscles supplied by the femoral nerve include all except
a. Sartorius
b. Iliacus
c. Psoas major
d. Pectineus
e. Rectus femoris
27. The floor of the femoral triangle consists of all of the following except
a. Psoas
b. Iliacus
c. Pectineus
d. Adductor brevis
e. Adductor magnus
28. Concerning iliacus
a. It inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur
b. It occupies and is attached to the whole of the iliac fossa
c. Nerve supply is femoral nerve
d. It acts to flex and laterally rotate the hip
e. It has the femoral vein as its intermediate anterior relation
30. Sartorius
a. Arises from the ilium below the ASIS
b. Is pierced by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
c. Inserts into the styloid of the fibula
d. Is supplied by the obturator nerve
e. Flexes and medially rotates the thigh
31. Following Hiltons law, which nerve does not supply the hip joint
a. Sciatic
b. Obturator
c. Inferior gluteal
d. Nerve to rectus femoris
e. Femoral
33. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain all of the following except
a. Anterior thigh
b. Base of penis
c. Testis
38. Which of the following muscles is not in the floor of the femoral triangle
a. Pectineus
b. Adductor longus
c. Sartorius
d. Psoas
e. Iliacus
40. Pectineus
a. Arises from part of the obturator membrane
b. Is inserted into the greater trochanter
c. Lies posterior to the anterior division of the obturator nerve
d. Forms one wall of the femoral ring
e. Is a lateral rotator of the femur
2. A 25 y.o. man is unable to plantarflex his foot. The most likely cause is damage to
a. The superficial peroneal nerve
b. L5 nerve root
c. Tibial nerve
d. Gastrocnemius
e. Soleus
4. Following an injury to the leg, a patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot. Which nerve is most likely to be
damaged?
a. Deep branch of the common peroneal nerve
b. Sural nerve
c. Superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve
d. Saphenous nerve
e. None of the above
5. Which is not a component of the second layer of the sole of the foot?
a. Tendon of flexor hallucis longus
b. Abductor hallucis
c. Flexor accessorius
d. The lumbrical muscles
e. Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
9. Regarding the ossification centres of the bones of the foot, which is incorrect
a. There are 3 at birth
b. 5th metatarsus has 3 ossification centres
c. Metatarsals have 2 centres
d. ?
e. ?
10. Regarding the structures passing beneath the flexor retinaculum of the ankle which is correct?
a. Posterior tibial artery lies anterior to the flexor digitorum longus
b. Flexor hallucis longus lies anterior to posterior tibial artery
c. The posterior tibial artery lies anterior to the tibial nerve
d. Flexor hallucis longus is the most anterior structure
e. Flexor digitorum longus is the most posterior structure
20. Under the extensor retinaculum of the foot the most lateral structure is
a. Sural nerve
b. Dorsalis pedis artery
c. Peroneus tertius
d. Extensor digitorum longus
e. Extensor hallucis longus
21. With regard to the cutaneous innervation of the lower limb
a. Superficial peroneal nerve supplies the first inter-digital cleft
b. Sural nerve supplies the medial malleolus
c. Deep peroneal nerve supplies the third inter-digital cleft
d. The medial plantar nerve supplies a greater area than the lateral
e. Branches of the tibial nerve supply much of the dorsum of the foot
23. All of the following structures pass deep into the superior extensor retinaculum at the ankle except
a. Extensor digitorum longus
b. Deep peroneal nerve
c. Anterior tibial artery
d. Superficial peroneal nerve
e. Peroneus tertius
1. c 13. e
2. c 14. c
3. e 15. d
4. a 16. d
5. b 17. b
6. a/b 18. a
7. a 19. b
8. ? 20. c
9. ? (a, b, c true) 21. d
10. c 22. a
11. e 23. d
12. c 24. c
Knee and leg
1. Posterior tibial artery
a. Divides superior to the flexor retinaculum
b. Divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries
c. Branches from 2 plantar arteries in the foot
d. Lateral plantar branch supplies the big toe
e. Divides inferior to the flexor retinaculum
3. Popliteal fossa
a. The floor is provided by biceps femoris
b. The sural communicating nerve pierces the roof
c. Popliteal lymph nodes lie next to the popliteal artery
d. The recurrent genicular nerve pierces the roof
e. Superior and inferior geniculate nerves supply the medial ligament
9. Regarding the extensor compartment of the lower leg, all of the following statements are true, except
a. The tibialis anterior muscle is supplied by the deep peroneal and recurrent genicular nerves (L4)
b. Extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius muscle lie lateral to the tibialis anterial artery
throughout
c. The deep peroneal nerve arises within the peroneus longus muscle
d. The extensor digitorum longus dorsiflexes the lateral toes
e. The extensor hallucis longus arises from the middle two-fourths of the tibia and adjacent interosseous
membrane
23. The ligament important in producing the screw home position in full extension of the knee is the
a. Anterior cruciate ligament
b. Posterior cruciate ligament
c. Arcuate popliteal ligament
d. Patellar retinacula
e. All of the above
27. Politeus
a. Arises from the tibia above the condyles
b. Slopes upwards and medially
c. Inserts into the lateral meniscus
d. In innervated by a branch of the common peroneal nerve
e. Acts to “lock” the knee in full extension
3) Which muscle does not insert in or next to the intertubecular groove of the upper humerus?
a) pectoralis major
b) pectoralis minor
c) latissimus dorsi
d) teres major
6) Which muscle does not extend from the posterior surface of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the
humerus?
a) teres major
b) infraspinatus
c) supraspinatus
d) teres minor
11) Regarding lymph nodes, the lateral side of the arm and forearm is drained initially to the:
a) supratrochlear nodes
b) posterior axillary nodes
c) infraclavicular nodes
d) central axillary nodes
12) Which of the following has some nerve supply from the radial nerve?
a) long head of biceps
b) coracobrachialis
c) short head of biceps
d) brachialis
13) As it emerges from the axilla, the median nerve lies where with regards to the brachial artery?
a) lateral
b) anterior
c) medial
d) posterior
14) With regards to the posterior compartment of the arm, which is FALSE?
a) the medial head of triceps lies deep to the long and lateral heads
b) triceps inserts onto the upper surface of the olecranon
c) midshaft fracture of the humerus can damage the radial nerve resulting in paralysis of triceps
d) the medial intermuscular septum divides it from the anterior compartment and runs from the axilla to
the elbow
25) All the following arise from the common extensor origin EXCEPT:
a) extensor carpi radialis brevis
b) extensor carpi radialis longus
c) extensor digitorum
d) extensor digitorum minimi
e) extensor carpi ulnaris
27) Which of the following pairs do not match with regard to mode of ossification?
a) ribs and cranium
b) clavicle and humerus
c) femur and 1st metatarsal
d) patella and pisiform
e) mandible and clavicle
28) Which joint is the odd one out with regard to degrees of freedom?
a) 1st carpometacarpal joint
b) radiohumeral joint
c) sternoclavicular joint
d) acromioclavicular joint
e) radiocarpal joint
34) Regarding the autonomic nervous system, visceral pain is not referred to L3-5 and S1 because:
a) there are no visceral afferents related to these lumbar splanchnic nerves
b) there are no white rami communicans to these spinal nerves
c) there are no sympathetic ganglia associated with theses spinal segments
d) there is no sympathetic efferent supply to these spinal nerves
e) there are no grey rami communicans associated with the autonomic ganglia of L3-S1 spinal nerves
Section 1
1 C
2 E
3 B
4 A
5 D
6 A
7 A
8 C
9 A
10 B
11 C
12 D
13 A
14 C
15 D&B
16 All are correct
17 A
18 No answer
19 No answer
20 No answer
21 No answer
22 No answer
23 No answer
24 No answer
25 No answer
26 No answer
27 B
28 A
29 B
30 C
31 E
32 E
33 A
34 B
Section 2
5) Brachial plexus:
a) the five roots lie in front of scalenus anterior muscle
b) the anterior division of the central trunk runs on as the medial cord
c) the suprascapular nerve is the only branch from the trunks
d) the radial nerve is a branch of the lateral cord
e) the ulna nerve is a branch of the posterior cord
8) Latissimus dorsi:
a) is an accessory muscle of inspiration and expiration
b) is supplied by the dorsal scapular nerve
c) forms the lower border of the medially axillary fold
d) laterally rotates the humerus
e) lies superficial to trapezius at its upper border
19) Which structure does NOT insert into the flexor retinaculum?
a) abductor pollicis brevis
b) flexor digiti minimi brevis
c) palmaris longus
d) opponens pollicis
e) flexor pollicis brevis
23) The clavipectoral fascia is pierced by all but one of the following structures:
a) lymphatic drainage from the infraclavicular nodes to apical axillary nodes
b) cephalic vein
c) lateral pectoral nerve
d) thoracoacromial artery
e) pectoralis minor
28) Which muscle takes origin (in part) from both the medial and lateral intermuscular septa?
a) biceps
b) brachioradialis
c) extensor carpi radialis longus
d) supinator
e) triceps
Answers
1 B
2 B
3 A
4 D
5 C
6 A
7 E
8 A
9 A
10 A
11 C
12 A
13 C
14 D
15 E
16 E
17 B
18 D
19 C
20 C
21 D
22 C
23 E
24 D
25 D
26 A
27 B
28 E
29 D
30 B
Section 4
Upper Limb
1) Which is true?
a) epidermis derives from mesoderma
b) the sweat glands, sebaceous glands are mesodermal in origin
c) the colour of the skin is determined by the number of melanocytes in the skin
d) the dermis has a mesodermal origin
8) Which of the following peripheral fibres have pain and temperature fibres?
a) α neurone
b) β neurone
c) γ neurone
d) δ neurone
e) group B fibres
9) Pectoralis major:
a) is innervated laterally by the lateral pectoral nerve
b) inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus
c) receives its arterial supply via the thoracoacromial artery
d) can act as an accessory muscle of inspiration
e) acts with latissimus dorsi and teres minor to adduct the arm
22) The following are true about flexor carpi radialis EXCEPT:
a) it arises from the common flexor origin at the humerus
b) it has its own compartment in the flexor retinaculum
c) the radial artery lies laterally to it at the wrist
d) flexor pollicis longus lies medially
e) it is supplied by the median nerve
f) it inserts into the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
23) Which is the smallest branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
a) medial pectoral nerve
b) medial root of the median nerve
c) medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
d) medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
e) ulnar nerve
25) Which muscle arises from both the radius and ulna:
a) extensor pollicis longus
b) extensor pollicis brevis
c) abductor pollicis longus
d) extensor indicis
e) extensor digitorum
1 E
2 A
3 D
4 E
5 B
6 B
7 A
8 D
9 D
10 B
11 E
12 ?
13 ?
14 ?
15 ??
16 ??
17 ?
18 E
19 D
20 B
21 D
22 D
23 C
24 E
25 C
26 C
27 A
Section 5
General Principles
1) Regarding tissues:
a) cartilage is very vascular
b) ligaments do not stretch
c) deep fascia is not sensitive
d) cardiac muscle is nonstriated
e) periosteum is not sensitive
10) Which of the following nerve roots is correctly associated with the corresponding muscle action?
a) L5 – plantar flexion of the foot
b) L2 – knee extension
c) C5 – abduction of the shoulder
d) C8 – abduction of the thumb
e) S1 – extension of the great toe
15) Regarding the synovial flexor sheaths, which of the following is NOT true?
a) three synovial sheaths are found on the front of the wrist
b) a common synovial sheath envelops all the superficialis and profundus tendons
c) the sheath around flexor pollicis longus tendon extends almost to its insertion
d) the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon has a short sheath
e) the ring, middle and index fingers have digital sheaths that do not extend to the common sheath
19) Which lymph nodes drain the ulnar side of the forearm?
a) infratrochlear
b) supratrochlear
c) infraclavicular
d) anterior axillary
e) ulnar trochlear
26) All the following statements concerning the scaphoid bone are true EXCEPT:
a) it articulates with radius proximally in abduction
b) it is the most susceptible of the carpal bones to fracture
c) it participates in the midcarpal joint
d) it receives an attachment for the transverse carpal ligament
e) fracture of the scaphoid is a common cause for median nerve compression in carpal tunnel syndrome
27) All of the following structures pass deep to the transverse carpal ligament EXCEPT the:
a) flexor digitorum superficialis tendon
b) flexor digitorum profundus tendon
c) flexor pollicis longus tendon
d) median nerve
e) ulnar artery
28) Laceration of the recurrent branch of the median nerve results in paralysis of all the following muscles of
the thumb EXCEPT:
a) abductor pollicis brevis
b) deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
c) opponens pollicis
d) superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
30) Infection in the volar aspect of the little finger can spread to all EXCEPT:
a) distally to the ring finger via the tendon sheath
b) to the flexor sheath of the thumb
c) to the distal forearm through the carpal tunnel
d) rupture of the sheath and spread to deep spaces of the palm
e) ischaemic necrosis may occur to the flexor tendon involved
31) Wrist:
a) the flexor retinaculum runs between the styloid process of the radius and the pisiform and hook of
hamate
b) the median nerve passes beneath the flexor retinaculum between flexor digitorum superficialis and
flexor carpi ulnaris
c) the ulnar nerve lies on the flexor retinaculum with the ulnar artery on its ulnar side
d) the wrist joint involves the radius, ulna, scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones
e) the radiocarpal joint is separated from the distal radioulnar joint by a triangular fibrocartilage
32) Hand:
a) palmar brevis lies across the base of the thenar eminence
b) abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis both arise from the flexor retinaculum and adjacent
trapezium
c) flexor pollicis brevis lies to radial side of abductor pollicis brevis
d) the muscles of the thenar eminence are usually supplied by the recurrent branch of the median nerve
e) opponens pollicis inserts into the whole of the ulnar border of the first metacarpal
35) Vincula:
a) papillary ridges of skin that form finger prints
b) superficial fibres of palmar aponeurosis that insert into the skin
c) remnant fibres of palmar interossei inserting into the proximal phalanx at the thumb
d) communication between common flexor sheath and sheath of pollicis longus present in 50% of people
e) vascular synovial folds of flexor tendons
1) B
2) B
3) D
4) D
5) E
6) C
7) B
8) A
9) D
10) C
11) A
12) B
13) D
14) A
15) D
16) C
17) E
18) C
19) B
20) E
21) B
22) A
23) D
24) B
25) C
26) E
27) E
28) B
29) D
30) A
31) E
32) D
33) B
34) A
35) E
36) C
37) D
Section 6
Upper Limb
1) The radial nerve gives rise to all the following except the:
a) posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
b) lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
c) posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
d) posterior interosseous nerve
e) medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
5) The nerve supply of rhomboid major and rhomboid minor is from the:
a) pectoral nerves
b) thoracodorsal nerve
c) axillary nerve
d) long thoracic nerve
e) dorsal scapular nerve
10) Which of the following is not a direct attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk?
a) pectoralis minor
b) pectoralis major
c) trapezius
d) serratus anterior
e) levator scapulae
11) Which of the following does not connect the arm to the pelvic girdle?
a) deltoid
b) biceps
c) subclavius
d) subscapularis
e) supraspinatus
17) Which muscle does not arise from the common extensor origin?
a) extensor carpi radialis brevis
b) extensor digitorum
c) extensor digiti minimi
d) extensor carpi radialis longus
e) extensor carpi ulnaris
23) The median nerve goes through the heads of which muscle?
a) biceps brachii
b) supinator
c) pronator teres
d) pronator quadratus
e) flexor digitorum superficialis
1E
2E
3B
4B
5E
6D
7A
8C
9C
10 B
11 C
12 C
13 A
14 D
15 E
16 E
17 D
18 D
19 E
20 A
21 C
22 B
23 C
24 C
25 C
26 E
27 D
28 C
29 B
30 A
31 B
32 D
33 D
34 A
35 C
Section 7
Upper Limb
5) Pectoralis major:
a) is synergistic to serratus anterior
b) is innervated by the median nerve
c) can abduct the arm
d) can act as an accessory muscle of respiration
e) is a lateral rotator of the arm
9) The axilla:
a) communicates with the anterior triangle of the neck
b) contains lymph nodes draining the upper limb and lateral chest wall
c) has an anterior wall made up by the serratus anterior muscle
d) has an apex bounded by the humerus, clavicle and scapula
e) has no medial wall
13) Which of the following lies immediately medial to the tubercle of the radius (Lister’s tubercle)?
a) extensor carpi ulnaris
b) extensor carpi radialis
c) extensor pollicis longus
d) extensor pollicis brevis
e) extensor digitorum
14) Interossei muscles in the hand:
a) flex the interphalangeal joints
b) assist in extension of metacarpophalangeal joints
c) cannot laterally deviate the middle finger
d) the palmar interossei have two heads of origin
e) are usually supplied by the ulnar nerve
22) Following a laceration to the anterior surface of the wrist, a patient is unable to flex the proximal
interphalangeal joint of his middle finger when his other fingers are held in extension. The tendon of which
muscle has been divided?
a) palmaris longus
b) flexor indics
c) flexor digitorum profundus
d) flexor digitorum superficialis
e) none of the above
28) A child has gashed the palmar aspect of her wrist on some glass. Which of the following would be
evidence of damage to her median nerve?
a) inability to flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the index finger
b) inability to flex the interphalangeal joint of the thumb
c) loss of sensation to the palmar aspect of the little finger
d) inability to oppose the thumb and little finger
e) inability to abduct the index finger
29) A 45-year-old man is unable to initiate abduction of the arm following reduction of a dislocated shoulder.
Damage to which nerve is most likely to be responsible for this condition:
a) the suprascapular nerve
b) the long thoracic nerve
c) the radial nerve
d) the infrascapular nerve
e) the axillary nerve
30) Direct attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk is provided by:
a) pectoralis major
b) trapezium
c) latissimus dorsi
d) subscapularis
e) deltoid
34) Regarding the sternoclavicular joint, the major stabilising factor is the:
a) acromioclavicular ligament
b) costoclavicular ligament
c) interclavicular ligament
d) sternoclavicular ligament
e) coracoclavicular ligament
37) Which one of the following structures pass beneath the flexor retinaculum at the wrist?
a) palmaris longus
b) ulnar nerve
c) radial artery
d) ulnar artery
e) median nerve
38) The skin of the top of the index finger is supplied by:
a) radial nerve only
b) median nerve only
c) ulnar nerve only
d) radial and ulnar nerve
e) radial and median nerve
46) Regarding synovial flexor sheaths in the hand and wrist, which one of the following is INCORRECT?
a) they surround flexor tendons in the carpal tunnel
b) the superficial and deep flexors are invested with a common synovial sheath
c) the common flexor sheaths can communicate with flexor pollicis longus sheath in some people
d) for the index, ring and middle finger, a separate synovial sheath lines the fibrous sheath over the
phalanges
e) the sheath is the origin of the lumbricals
47) Which of the following structures is NOT one of the contents of the cubital fossa?
a) brachial artery
b) tendon of biceps brachii
c) radial nerve
d) anterior interosseous nerve
e) median nerve
49) The order of tendons in the extensor compartment of the distal forearm from radial to ulnar sides is:
ED = extensor digitorum
ECRB = extensor carpi radialis brevis
FCU = flexor carpi ulnaris
EI = extensor indicis
ECRL = extensor carpi radialis longus
ECU = extensor carpi ulnaris
EPL = extensor pollicis longus
51) Which of the following statements about the brachial plexus is INCORRECT?
a) long thoracic nerve arises from roots
b) Erb’s palsy occurs following traction to upper roots and trunk
c) posterior cord has five branches
d) suprascapular nerve arises from trunks
e) trunks lie behind clavicle on first rib
54) Biceps:
a) long head arises from infraglenoid tubercle
b) is supplied by a branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
c) the two bellies do not merge
d) is a pronator of the forearm
e) short head arises from coracoid process, lateral to coracobrachialis
56) Which of the following DOES NOT form one of the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
a) brachialis
b) supinator
c) line connections the two humeral epicondyles
d) bicipital aponeurosis
e) medial margin of pronator teres
57) Which of the following muscles DOES NOT arise from the common extensor origin?
a) extensor carpi radialis brevis
b) extensor digitorum comminus
c) extensor carpi radialis longus
d) extensor digiti minimi
e) extensor carpi ulnaris
62) Which of the following DOES NOT arise from the roots of the brachial plexus?
a) dorsal scapular
b) nerve to serratus anterior
c) medial pectoral nerve
d) nerve to subclavius
64) The venous systems that contribute least to venous drainage of the forearm is:
a) the basilic vein
b) the cephalic vein
c) the deep veins which are often duplicate
d) the carpal rete
e) the median cubital
65) Which of the following IS NOT true about the flexor carpi ulnaris?
a) acts as a synergist during wrist extension
b) ulnar artery passes deep to its deep head
c) inserts into base of fifth metacarpal
d) most medial muscles arising from the common flexor origin
e) ulnar nerve passes between its two heads
66) Which of the following structures DOES NOT pierce the clavipectoral fascia in the delto-pectoral triangle?
a) lymphatics
b) medial pectoral nerve
c) acromiothoracic axis
d) lateral pectoral nerve
e) cephalic vein
67) Radial nerve:
a) is the largest branch of the brachial plexus
b) occupies the length of the spiral groove
c) damage causes inability to extend the wrist and the interphalangeal joints
d) damage causes sensory loss to the palm
e) arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
69) The articulating surfaces of which of the following synovial joints are covered by fibrocartilage?
a) scapholunate joint
b) glenohumeral joint
c) acromioclavicular joint
d) manubriosternal joint
e) sternocostal joint
70) A structure that does not lie in the cubital fossa is:
a) brachial artery
b) median nerve
c) median cubital vein
d) superficial radial artery
e) radial nerve if brachioradialis is lateralised
72) Which of the following groups of lymph nodes directly drain the breast?
a) lateral axillary nodes
b) subscapular nodes
c) pectoral nodes
d) parasternal nodes
e) infraclavicular nodes
77) Which of the following DOES NOT form the boundaries of the cubital fossa:
a) anconeus
b) brachioradialis
c) pronator teres
d) deep fascia of the forearm
e) bicipital aponeurosis
78) Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning the elbow joint?
a) it is a synovial joint
b) the capsule of the synovial joint is attached to the radius distal to the annular ligament
c) the humeroulnar joint space communicates with the radioulnar joint space
d) the joint is supplied by musculocutaneous, median, radial and ulnar nerves
79) Which of the following statements about the glenohumeral (shoulder joint) is INCORRECT?
a) long tendon of biceps is extrasynovial
b) subscapularis bursa communicates with joint cavity
c) innervated by medial pectoral nerve
d) branches of third part of axillary artery provide majority of blood supply
e) surface area of humeral head is about four times greater than that of glenoid fossa
80) Which of the following structures IS NOT one of the contents of the carpal tunnel?
a) flexor digitorum superficialis
b) ulnar artery
c) flexor digitorum profundus
d) median nerve
e) flexor pollicis longus
81) Which of the following IS NOT true about pronator teres?
a) ulnar artery passes between two heads
b) forms medial boundary of cubital fossa
c) arises from common flexor origin
d) adducts radius
e) less powerful pronator than pronator quadratus
82) Which of the following statements about the cubital (elbow) joint is INCORRECT?
a) innervated by branch of musculocutaneous nerve to brachialis
b) “closed-packed” position is in extension
c) it is a compound synovial joint
d) radial collateral ligament consists of three separate bands
e) carrying-angle is about 160-170°
85) Which of the following pierce the medial intermuscular septum of the arm?
a) medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
b) ulnar nerve
c) median nerve
d) basilic nerve
e) profunda brachii artery
86) Which of the following DOES NOT arise, in part, from the lateral intermuscular septum of the arm?
a) brachioradialis
b) extensor carpi radialis longus
c) brachials
d) medial head of triceps brachii
e) none of the above arise from the lateral intermuscular septum of the arm
87) Which of the following DOES NOT contribute to the innervation of the elbow joint?
a) radial nerve
b) ulnar nerve
c) median nerve
d) musculocutaneous nerve
e) medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
88) Regarding the axilla:
a) the posterior wall consists of subscapularis and teres minor
b) the medial wall is formed by serratus anterior down to the 6th intercostal space
c) the apex communicates directly with the posterior triangle of the neck
d) coracobrachialis forms part of the anterior wall
e) the axillary artery is generally described as having eight branches
91) The only carpal bone to give attached to both flexor and extensor retinacula is:
a) scaphoid
b) trapezoid
c) hamate
d) triquetral
e) pisiform
93) Structures in the anatomical snuff box include all the following EXCEPT:
a) the radial tubercle
b) the scaphoid
c) the base of the thumb metacarpal
d) the trapezium
e) the radial artery
94) Which muscle arises in part from the scaphoid tubercle?
a) flexor pollicis brevis
b) abductor pollicis brevis
c) opponens pollicis
d) adductor pollicis
e) first palmar interossei
95) Which of the following muscles arises, in part, from the radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint?
a) extensor carpi radialis brevis
b) supinator
c) extensor digiti minimi
d) extensor carpi ulnaris
e) extensor digitorum
96) Which nerve is a branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
a) upper subscapular nerve
b) thoracodorsal nerve
c) musculocutaneous nerve
d) ulnar nerve
e) lower subscapular nerve
97) The peripheral nerve arising directly from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus is the:
a) dorsal scapular
b) thoracodorsal
c) suprascapular
d) upper subscapular
e) lower subscapular
1 D 34 B 67 A
2 B 35 D 68 D
3 A 36 D 69 C
4 A 37 E 70 C
5 D 38 B 71 A
6 C 39 D 72 A
7 A 40 C 73 C
8 B 41 E 74 C
9 B 42 D 75 B
10 C 43 E 76 B
11 C 44 B 77 A
12 E 45 B 78 B
13 C 46 E 79 C
14 E 47 D 80 B
15 D 48 A 81 A
16 C 49 D 82 D
17 A 50 A 83 D
18 E 51 E 84 E
19 C 52 C 85 B
20 E 53 E 86 C
21 B 54 E 87 E
22 D 55 D 88 C
23 B 56 E 89 D
24 C 57 C 90 C
25 C 58 D 91 E
26 A 59 B 92 C
27 C 60 E 93 A
28 D 61 E 94 B
29 A 62 C 95 B
30 B 63 C 96 C
31 B 64 C 97 C
32 C 65 B 98 C
33 D 66 B
Section 1
4) Which is INCORRECT?
a) in a 4th cranial nerve paralysis, the affected eye lies slightly inturned
b) in a 6th cranial nerve palsy, the lateral rectus is affected
c) in a 3rd nerve palsy, levator palpebrae is affected
d) in an oculomotor nerve palsy the eye looks down and out
18) Which laryngeal muscle is NOT supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
a) thyroarytenoid
b) cricothyroid
c) aryepiglottic
d) oblique arytenoid
e) posterior cricoarytenoid
20) Which nerve does NOT supply skin to the upper eyelid?
a) lacrimal
b) supraorbital
c) supratrochlear
d) infratrochlear
e) infraorbital
21) Which extraocular muscle does NOT arise from the tendinous ring of the orbit?
a) superior rectus
b) superior oblique
c) inferior rectus
d) medial rectus
e) lateral rectus
22) Which structure passes through the tendinous ring of the orbit?
a) ophthalmic artery
b) inferior rectus muscle
c) lacrimal nerve
d) trochlear nerve
e) superior oblique muscle
23) Which bone is not part of the medial wall of the orbit?
a) maxilla
b) lacrimal bone
c) sphenoid
d) palatine bone
e) ethmoid
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 A
5 C
6 B
7 D
8 D
9 C
10 E
11 C
12 C
13 B
14 D
15 D
16 A
17 C
18 B
19 C
20 E
21 B
22 A
23 D
24 B
25 E
26 C
27 B
Section 2
Face, Blood Supply, Nerves etc
1 A
2 C
3 A
4 B
5 D
Section 3
Section 3
1 D
2 B
3 C
4 E
5 D
6 D
7 E
8 A
Section 4
9. The atlas
a. Has no foramen in the transverse process
b. Is the narrowest cervical vertebra
c. Has a body
d. Has a posterior arch grooved by the vertebral artery
e. Has a short spinous process
16. Regarding triangles of the neck all of the following structures are boundaries of the triangle named EXCEPT:
a. Submental triangle, mandible
b. Anterior triangle, mandible
c. Digastric triangle, mandible
d. Carotid triangle, sternocleidomastoid
e. Anterior triangle, sternocleidomastoid
17. All of the following are contents of the posterior triangle of the neck EXCEPT:
a. Occipital lymph nodes
b. Accessory nerve
c. Cervical plexus
d. Inferior belly of omohyoid
e. Transverse cervical vessels
18. Which one of the following opens into the inferior meatus of the nose
a. Frontal sinus
b. Ethmoidal sinus
c. Maxillary sinus
d. Nasolacrimal duct
e. Auditory tube
19. A freacture through the roof of the maxillary sinus might result in sensory loss to the
a. Tympanic membrane
b. Lacrimal gland
c. Upper molar teeth
d. Skin overlying the zygomatic bone
e. Upper incisors and canine teeth
20. All of the following structures pass through the jugular foramen EXCEPT:
a. Jugular vein
b. Glossopharyngeal nerve
c. Hypoglossal nerve
d. Accessory nerve
e. Vagus nerve
21. Regarding the basilar artery, all the below are true EXCEPT:
a. Gives off branches to the anterior spinal artery
b. Divides to give off both posterior cerebral arteries
c. Supplies branches to the pons
d. Formed by the union of the vertebral arteries
e. Lies on the ventral aspect of the cerebral peduncle
22. In the circle of Willis
a. The basilar artery divides into right and left posterior cerebellar arteries
b. The middle cerebral arteries branch off and supply the motor but not sensory cortex
c. The anterior communicating artery unites the middle cerebral artery to the internal cerebral artery
d. It encircles the inferior brainstem at C2-3 level
e. The internal carotid artery gives off the ophthalmic artery before dividing into anterior and middle cerebral
arteries
23. Regarding the facial vein, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
a. It drains into the internal jugular vein
b. It has no valves
c. It communicates with the cavernous sinus via the ophthalmic vein
d. It runs inferoposteriorly anterior to the facial artery
e. It communicates with the pterygoid plexus via the deep facial vein
39. Contents of the digastric triangle include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Facial artery
b. Submandibular lymph nodes
c. Hypoglossal nerve
d. Glossopharyngeal nerve
e. Nerve to mylohyoid
44. Which of the following combinations is correct regarding the paranasal sinuses and where they drain to?
a. Maxillary sinus; middle meatus
b. Anterior ethmoidal air cells; inferior meatus
c. Posterior ethmoidal air cells; oral cavity
d. Sphenoid sinus; frontonasal recess
e. Frontal sinus; lacrimal duct
48. Larynx
a. Continues with the trachea at C6
b. Its major role is for phonation
c. Lies behind the thyroid gland
d. All the muscles are supplied by the receurrent laryngeal nerve
e. Blood supply is from the inferior thyroid artery
49. Which muscle abducts the vocal cords?
a. Transverse arytenoids
b. Cricothyroid
c. Lateral cricoarytenoid
d. Posterior cricoarytenoid
e. Thyoarytenoid
55. When performing a lumbar puncture the spinal needle should not pass through the
a. Ligamentum flavum
b. Posterior longitudinal ligament
c. Supraspinous ligament
d. Inerspinous ligament
e. Skin
56. All the following are branches of the external carotid artery EXCEPT:
a. Lingual artery
b. Facial artery
c. Ascending pharyngeal artery
d. Hypoglossal artery
e. Superior thyroid artery
58. All the following are boundaries of the named triangle except:
a. Mandible and submental triangle
b. Mandible and anterior triangle
c. Mandible and digastric triangle
d. Sternocleidomastoid and carotid triangle
e. Sternocleidomastoid and anterior triangle
59. All the following are contents of the posterior triangle EXCEPT:
a. Accessory nerve
b. Cervical plexus
c. Inferior belly of omohyoid
d. Transverse cervical vessels
e. Occipital lymph nodes
60. Which of the following enters into the inferior meatus of the nose?
a. Frontal sinus
b. Ethmoidal sinus
c. Maxillary sinus
d. Nasolacrimal duct
e. Auditory tube
61. A fracture through the roof of the maxillary sinus might result in sensory loss to the
a. Tympanicmembrane
b. Lacrimal gland
c. Upper molar teeth
d. Upper incisors and canine teeth
e. Skin overlying the zygomatic bone
62. All the following structures pass through the jugular foramen EXCEPT:
a. Jugular vein
b. Glossopharyngeal nerve
c. Hypoglossal nerve
d. Accessory nerve
e. Vagus nerve
63. Which is true of swallowing?
a. It is entirely voluntary
b. The oropharyngeal portion is voluntary
c. Peristalsis speeds as the bolus descends
d. The voluntary stage commences as food enters the oesophagus
e. It is initially voluntary then involuntary
66. Which vessel supplies a branch which passes through the foramen spinosum?
a. ?
b. ?
c. maxillary artery
d. ?
e. ?
3. The vena caval opening foramen in the diaphragm lies at the level of
a. T12
b. T8
c. T10
d. L1
e. C7
7. In the lung
a. The horizontal fissue is always present in the right side
b. The fissures create a roughened surface to promote easier expansion
c. The obliquity of the fissure ensures better expansion of the apex of the lung
d. The lingual is a separate lobe of the left side
e. Only 2% of lungs have incomplete oblique fissures
8. The right phrenic nerve
a. Passes down through the mediastinum posterior to the lung root
b. Is the sole motor supply to the right dome of diaphragm and crus
c. Gives off the right recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck
d. Contains 50% motor and 50% sensory fibres
e. Divides into two main branches on the under surface of diaphragm
16. Which of the following is not true of the surface markings of the left pleura?
a. It lies behind the sternoclavicular joint
b. It lies in the midline behind the angle of Louis
c. It lies at the level of the 6th rib in the midclavicular line
d. It crosses the midaxillary line at the level of the 10th rib
e. It crosses the 12th rib at the lateral border of the sacrospinalis muscle
18. With respect to the contents of the posterior mediastinum, all are true except:
a. The oesophagus extends from the level of cricoid cartilage to traverse the diaphragm at T10
b. The descending thoracic aorta gives off the posterior intercostals arteries
c. It contains the perihilar lymph nodes
d. The oesophagus is 25cm in length
e. The descending aorta commences at the lower level of T4 vertebra
27. Pleural reflection lies at which rib level in the midaxillary line?
a. 6th
b. 8th
c. 9th
d. 10th
e. 12th
46. The major arterial supply to the interventricular septum originates from the
a. Circumflex artery
b. Marginal artery
c. Posterior descending
d. Anterior descending
e. Conus artery
Section 1
1) Thoracic skeleton:
a) the function of the ribs is primarily to protect the thoracic contents
b) each rib articulates with its own thoracic vertebra and the one above
c) the tubercle of a typical rib has two facets, the lateral facet being non-articular
d) the 2nd to 7th sternocostal joints are synovial type, each with a single cavity
e) the body of the sternum usually fuses with the manubrium with advancing age
2) Diaphragm:
a) median arcuate ligament is at L1
b) vena caval opening transmits IVC and left phrenic nerve
c) oesophageal opening is at T8
d) expiration depends on active contraction of the diaphragm
e) the motor supply to the diaphragm is solely from the phrenic nerves
4) The oesophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of T10 vertebra. It is accompanied by:
a) right phrenic nerve
b) left phrenic nerve
c) oesophageal branch of the right gastric artery
d) vagal trunks
e) hemiazygous vein
5) The aorta passes through the diaphragm at the level of T12. It is accompanied by:
a) azygous vein
b) thoracic duct
c) hemiazygous vein
d) a and b correct
e) a, b and c correct
6) The IVC passes through the diaphragm at the level of T8, which is TRUE?
a) this occurs to the left of the midline behind the 7th costal cartilage
b) the left phrenic nerve accompanies it
c) this occurs behind the 8th right costal cartilage
d) the right phrenic nerve accompanies it
e) it passes between the muscular levels of the diaphragm
7) Accessory muscles of inspiration include all EXCEPT:
a) scalene muscles
b) latissimus dorsi
c) sternocleidomastoid
d) quadratus lumborum
e) erector spinae
12) All but which of the following are tributaries of the coronary sinus of the heart?
a) the anterior cardiac vein
b) the great cardiac vein
c) the middle cardiac vein
d) the oblique vein (of the LA)
e) the posterior vein of the LV
13) The posterior mediastinum contains all but which of the following?
a) thoracic aorta
b) oesophagus
c) accessory hemiazygous vein
d) the azygous vein
e) the sympathetic trunks
Section 1 – Answer
1 C
2 E
3 B
4 D
5 D
6 D
7 B
8 C
9 C
10 D
11 B
12 A
13 E
14 C
15 B
16 D
17 A
18 E
19 B
20 C
21 E
22 E
23 D
24 A
25 E
26 C
27 E
28 A
29 D
30 B
31 B
32 A
33 B
34 C
35 D
36 D
37 C
38 C
39 A
40 B
Section 2
8) With respect to the sensory innervation of the visceral pericardium, which of the following nerves
predominantly provides sensory fibres?
a) left vagus
b) left phrenic
c) left 4th intercostal
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
11) A surface landmark which constitutes a guide to the gastro-oesophageal orifice is the:
a) 7th left costal cartilage
b) left linea semilunaris
c) tip of the 9th left costal cartilage
d) left nipple
e) level of the 11th thoracic vertebra
12) Which does NOT form part of the left border of the cardiovascular silhouette on chest x-ray?
a) the arch of the aorta
b) the pulmonary trunk
c) the left atrium
d) the left auricle
e) the left ventricle
17) Regarding the phrenic nerves, all of the following are true, EXCEPT:
a) each nerve provides motor supply to own half of diaphragm, left phrenic also supply half of right
crus
b) the phrenic nerve is supplied by its own pericardiophrenic artery which accompanies it
c) the right phrenic nerve is in contact with venous structures throughout its course
d) the left phrenic nerve passes to the inferior surface of diaphragm through muscle
e) arising mainly from C4 in the neck, the nerve passes behind the anterior scalene
22) Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is NOT true?
a) the oesophageal opening is at the T10 level
b) the aortic opening may also contain the azygous vein and thoracic duct
c) the right dome is higher than the left
d) the blood supply is from the pericardiophrenic artery
e) the vena caval opening is at T8
23) With regard to the cutaneous innervation of the thorax and abdomen:
a) above the 2nd rib, the skin is supplied by the cervical plexus (C4)
b) loss of a single spinal segment will produce a sensory deficit
c) it is supplied segmentally by the anterior primary rami of T1 to L1
d) T8 supplies skin at the level of the umbilicus
e) the lower eight thoracic nerves pass beyond the costal margin to supply the skin of the abdominal
wall
26) Which is NOT located at the level of the lower border of T4 vertebra?
a) the most superior part of the arch of the aorta
b) azygous vein enters the superior vena cava
c) thoracic duct reaches the left side of the oesophagus as it ascends
d) ligamentum arteriosum
e) superficial and deep parts of the cardiac plexus
29) With regard to lymphatic drainage in the thorax, which is NOT true?
a) the anterior intercostal spaces drain into parasternal nodes thence to brachiocephalic veins
b) mid-part of oesophagus drains to the paraaortic nodes beside the descending aorta
c) the lower posterior intercostal groups of nodes drain into cysterna chyli
d) the heart drains into the tracheobronchial nodes thence to mediastinal, lymph trunks
e) the mediastinal lymph trunks lie alongside the trachea
31) With respect to the blood supply of the hearts, which answer is INCORRECT?
a) the left coronary artery and its branches are the main blood supply to the interventricular septum
b) the coronary sinus receives the great cardiac vein
c) anterior cardiac veins drain directly into the right atrium
d) the sinoatrial nodes is, in a majority of cases, supplied by the left coronary artery
e) the right coronary artery gives off a marginal branch at the inferior border of the heart
35) A needle inserted between the xiphoid process and 7th left intercostal cartilage for the purpose of
pericardiocentesis passes through all the following structures EXCEPT:
a) central tendon of diaphragm
b) serous pericardium
c) rectus sheath
d) fibrous pericardium
e) pleura
Answers
1 D
2 E
3 B
4 C
5 D
6 C
7 C
8 E
9 E
10 D
11 A
12 C
13 A
14 B
15 C
16 C
17 E
18 A
19 C
20 B
21 E
22 D
23 A
24 D
25 A
26 A
27 B
28 D
29 B
30 C
31 D
32 C
33 C
34 D
35 E
36 A
37 C
38 E
39 B
40 B
41 C
42 B
43 A
44 B
45 E
46 D
47 D