Amity International School, Mayur Vihar

Class X GEOGRAPHY
Resource & Development
HAND OUT
Classification of Soil

S.No Type Of Region Characteristics Chemical Vegetation

SOIL Properties

1. Alluvial Northern Plains: Sand  Potash Sugar cane.

Soil  Phosphoric Paddy. Wheat.
 Indus Silt
acid Cereal &
 Ganga
 Brahmaputra Clay  Lime Pulses.
Eastern Coastal Plains:

Deltas of

 Mahanadi
 Godavari
 Krishna
 Kaveri
2. Black Soil Deccan trap region Made up of Rich in soil Cotton
spread over northwest Lava flows nutrients:
or Deccan Plateau &
South East direction  Calcium
Regur Soil
along Godavari and carbonate
Or Krishna valleys  Magnesium
 Potash
Black  Maharashtra  lime
Cotton Soil  Saurashtra
 Malwa
 Madhya
Pradesh
 Chhattisgarh

3. Red Eastern & southern Develops on Reddish color due

&Yellow part of Deccan crystalline to diffusion of iron
soil plateau. igneous rocks in crystalline and
in areas of low metamorphic
Orissa rainfall. rocks.
Chhattisgarh

S.No Soil Region Characteristics Chemical Vegetation

 Properties

4. Laterite Karnataka. Kerala. Develops in Low humus  Tea

Soil Tamil Nadu. Madhya area with high content, as micro  Coffee
Pradesh. Hilly areas of temperature organisms get  Cashew
Orissa & Assam and heavy destroyed due to Nuts
rainfall. high temp.

5. Arid Soil Rajasthan Dry & high Increased calcium Salt through
temperature. content leads to evaporation.
formation of
Range from Kankar in the lower
red to brown horizon
in color.

Sandy in
texture and
saline in
nature.

Soil lacks
humus and
moisture

6. Forest Soil Hilly & mountainous Loamy and Acidic with low Rain forests
areas silty in valley humus content.
& coarse
grained in
upper slopes.

Soils in lower
part of valleys
on river
terraces and
alluvial fans
are fertile.

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New Terms:
  Piedmont: An area found on the foot of mountains or hills.
 Duars: are the alluvial flood plains in northeastern India.
 Chos: Region engrossed with menace of water logging & excessive soil salinity.
 Terai: Belt of marshy land at the foot of Himalayas in Northern India.
 Denudation: is the process that cause the wearing away of the earth’s surface by moving
water, ice, wind & waves, leading to a reduction in elevation and relief of landforms and
landscapes.
 Sheet Erosion: Water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope, washing away the top
soil.
 Ravines: the land that becomes unfit for cultivation is known as bad land. In Chambal basin
such lands are called ravines.

Q1. Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since
1960-61?
Ans. (with reference to the pie chart on page 6) the main features of land use pattern in India are as
follows:

a) The land under permanent pasture has decreased.

b) The pattern of net sown area varies from one state to another. It is over 80% of the total area in
Punjab, 7 Haryana and less than 10% in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman
Islands.
c) The land under forest has changed a little from 18.11%in 1960 to 22.57%in 2002-03.
d) It is still far lower than the desired 33% of the geographical area as it was outlined in the
National Forest Policy (1952).
e) Land under forest has not increased due to various factors:
 Agricultural expansion
 Large scale development projects
 River valley projects
 Grazing & fuel collection.

Q2. How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Ans. More consumption of resources due to:
a) Higher level of technological development needs more and more resources for production activities.
b) As Gandhiji said the exploitative nature of modern technology is the root cause of resource depletion at
the global level.
c) The higher level of technological development of colonial countries was responsible for the over
exploitation of resources of the colonies.
d) The economic development too has led to more consumption of resources because development
depends on consumption of resources.
e) For example: water resources are being exploited to expand irrigated area and dry season agriculture.

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Name and Mark Types of Soil found in India:

 (4) Laxmi Sinha

Amity International School, Mayur Vihar

 Class X GEOGRAPHY
Resource & Development
Question Bank:
Short Answers:
1. Name the three river systems that make alluvial plains of India.
2. Where do we find alluvial plains on the eastern coast? (Name the Region)
3. What is the extent of alluvial soil In india?
4. What are piedmont plans? Name three of them.
5. State 3 components / nutrients of alluvial soil.
6. Name 3 crops grown in alluvial soil.
7. What is the other name given to Black soil? Name the crops grown in this soil.
8. What is leaching? In which soil type is it usually found?
9. Which crops can be grown in laterite soil? Name two states where it is found?
10. Write three features of Arid soil.
11. What are Gullies? What is the land formed by gullies called? Give one example.
12. Explain Wind erosion and Sheet erosion.
13. What measures should be taken to stabalise sand dunes?
14. Give two methods for reducing fallow land.
15. Explain Sustainable economic development.
16. Classify resoucres on the basis of ownership.

3 Marks:
1. Explain the Measures to check soil erosion.
2. How are human activities responsible for land degradation?
3. Explain three important factors for soil formation.
4. Explain the importance of conservation of resources.
5. Explain the types of resources on the basis of Exhaustibility with the help of
examples.
6. Write 3 features/characteristics of Black soil. In which region of India is it found
predominantly?
7. Explain the various stages of Resource planning.
8. What is soil erosion? List factors causing soil erosion.
9. Differentiate between Khadar and Bangar soil.
10. Explain the role of humans in resource development.

HOTS:
1. What are the main advantages of India’s land under variety of relief features?
2. “India’s vast and diverse size is the most important resource.” Justify
3. “Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems.” Elucidate
4. Differentiate between stock and reserves.
5. Explain the steps taken to solve the problem of land degradation in India.
6. How can we motivate the young generation for conservation of resources?
7. How technical and economic development has led to more consumption of resources?

Solve the puzzle given in the textbook on page: 13

i) Resources
ii) Minerals
iii) Laterite
iv) Black
v) Afforestation
vi) Alluvial
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Laxmi Sinha

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