International Symposium for Yeosu Expo 2012

March 30, 2011 Changwon, Korea

The trend and future for the

development of marine resources
해양자원개발의 트랜드와 전망

Prof. Hang S. Choi

Seoul National University
hschoi@snu.ac.kr
 Outline
 Offshore Resources
- mineral
- space utilization
- renewable energy
 Offshore Oil & Gas
- progression of water depth
- platforms and equipments
- environment-friendly energy
 Outlook
- aftermath of Macondo accident
- SWOT Analysis
 Summary
 Offshore Industry
위성해양관측

어해황 예보
갯벌 관리
백사장관리
유람선
갯벌 관리
해양 발전

부유식 구조물 조력 발전

초고속선 레저 선박

해황중계소
수중통신
수중호흡

수중구조물

수중관광

해중림
심층수 활용

석유/천연가스 잠수정
망간단괴

메탄하이드레이트
Offshore Service Industry ?
CO2 저장
survey, supply, OR,
maintenance, HR,
regulation,..
Minerals
- Manganese Nodules
- Seawater Lithium Recovery Project

Illustrations of Lithium Recovery Plant

Ocean Space Utilization
- Floating Airport
- Mobile Offshore Base(MOB)
- Floating Plant (BMP)
- Floating Resort
- Ocean Utopia
Ocean Renewable Energy

 bio-ethanol
 wave energy
 current energy
 tidal energy
 thermal energy
 wind energy
 - Bio-ethanol
Ocean Sunrise Project
Seaweed Bioethanol Production in Japan, titled the "Ocean Sunrise
Project", aims to produce seaweed bioethanol by farming and harvesting
Sargassum horneri, utilizing 4.47 million km2 (sixth largest in the world)
of unused areas of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and maritime
belts of Japan. (60~190KT/year, Y1,000/T)
- Current Energy
- Tidal Energy
 - Wind Energy
Costs of generated power comparing conventional plats to wind power, (2010) Electricity generating costs in the European Union, 2015 and 2030

80 120 113
Regulation rates 101
70
100
CO2 - є25/t
60 82 79
basic 80 75
50 68 2015

є/Mwh
60 2030
є/Mwh

40
2015

30 40 2030
2015
20 20 2030

10
0
0 2015 2030 2015 2030 2015 2030
coal Natural gas Wind Power - Wind Power -
coastal site inland site Coal Natural gas Wind

Source : Risoe є/$ Exchange rate : 0.73 Source : IEA World Energy Outlook 2008

● Wind energy doesn’t emit any CO2 gas.

● Considering overall cost, wind energy has price competitiveness
relative to other conventional energy resources.
Risoe : Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy
IEA : International Energy Agency
Evolution of Offshore Wind Turbine

Strong winds from ocean Larger rotor size in offshore

3 Fair
4 Good
5 Excellent
6 Outstanding
7 Superb
Source : NREL Source : EWEA

● Offshore wind is stronger & more uniform.

● Since offshore wind turbine is relatively easy for installation &
free from acoustic emission, rotor size of offshore wind turbine
can be larger than that of onshore wind turbine.
NREL : National Renewable Energy Laboratory
EWEA : European Wind Energy Association
Typical floating types for deeper water
Typical floating platform static stability concept

Source : NREL
Key technologies for wind turbine
Wind turbine components

- Lightweight, High-speed
downwind Rotors

- Lightweight, Low-maintenance
Drive-train

- Large gearbox & Bearing that can

tolerate slower rotational speed
& larger scales

- Direct-drive Generators

Source : Wind Directions, January/February 2007

Offshore Oil & Gas
60% Hydrocarbon !

World Marketed Energy Use by Fuel Type, 1980-2030, EIA

 Global Oil Production
 Offshore Oil 40% in 2010
 Most Oil Production Growth in Deepwater

* “The World Offshore Oil & Gas Forecast”

Progression of Water Depth for
Offshore Development

* Offshore Magazine
Offshore Oil & Gas Upstream

 Offshore Development Area

- Mexican Gulf, Arabian Gulf, North Sea
- Brasilian Sea, West Africa
- Indian Ocean, Caspian Sea
- Sakhalin, South East Pacific, Bohai Sea
- Timor Sea, Northern Australia Coast

 Oil Majors
- ExxonMobil - Shell
- BP - Chevron-Texaco
- Total/fina/elf - Conoco
Offshore Platforms
World’s Best Class
Korean Products
Topsides
 - Subsea Equipments
Sub-ice
platform

Installation
SV

Satellite
well
control riser
Deepsea
mooring
UUV Subsea
intervention Pipelaying
vehicles
Umbilical
cables

Pipelines
Subsea template Subsea completion
& manifold
Global Environment Issue

Climate Change

Global Warming due to GHG ?

 YEOSU EXPO 2012
“The Living Ocean & Coast”

Climate Change

Low Carbon
Green Economy

Environment-friendly Energy
Natural Gas
Mismatch Between Need & Supply
Economic Transportation by Sea
LNGC
Gas Production in Deep Ocean?
(vs. Shale Gas in N. America)

LNG-FPSO!
Replacement of On-land Terminal
FSRU Moored Near Coast
Technical Issues for LNG-FPSO & FSRU

 Two-body Motions
 Mooring & Fender
 Offloading
 Sloshing
 Container(Moss, NT96, Mark3, SPB, KC1)
 HSE
Aftermath of Macondo Accident
 An explosion on the drilling rig Deepwater Horizon occurred on
April 20, 2010 with 11 (later 2 more) killed and 17 injured. The
Deepwater Horizon sank on April 22, 2010, in water
approximately 5,000 feet (1,500 m) deep, and has been located
resting on the seafloor approximately 1,300 feet (400 m) (about a
quarter of a mile) northwest of the well.
 BP started a relief well using Transocean’s Development Driller III
on May 2, 2010. The relief well could potentially take up to three
months to drill. BP started a second relief well using
Transocean's GSF Development Driller II on May 16, 2010.
 Starting from May 17, some oil and gas is collected through the
riser insertion tube tool inserted to the blowout well. The oil is
being stored and gas is being flared on the board of drillship
Discoverer Enterprise.
 The leak was successfully shut-in on August 4, 2010 by a "static
kill" (pouring of heavy fluids). To further ensure the plugging of
the errored well, the first relief well has connected further down
the well bore and will proceed with the pouring of heavy fluids
from that point. Theoretically, both of these attempts should
completely seal off the Macondo Prospect well drilled by BP Oil.
 Region: Gulf of Mexico,
Mississippi Canyon Block(s)252
 Operator: BP
 Partners: BP (65%)
Anadarko (25%)
MOEX Offshore 2007 (10%)
 Subcontractor: Transocean
 Field Discovery: 2000
 Production Estimated oil: 50 million bbl
 Name: Deepwater Horizon
 Owner: Transocean’s Triton Asset Leasing GmbH
 Operator: Transocean
 Port of registry: Marshall Islands, Majuro
 Builder: Hyundai Heavy Industries
 Cost: US$ 560 million
 Laid down: 21 March 2000
 Completed: 2001
 Maiden voyage: Ulsan, South Korea –
Freeport, Texas
 Identification: ABS Class No. 0139290
BP ?
Tranocean ?
Norcon ?
Cameron ?
Hariburton ?
- Subsea Tree (BOP)
Safety Measures (BOEMRE)

1) Counter Explosion System

2) Fire Fighting Equipment

3) Life Saving Appliances

4) Navigation Aids

5) Hazardous Area

6) Emergency Shutdown System

Integrated Project Team
Economic
Production
Investment Business
Operation
Maintenanace
R&D

Drilling

Design
Integrated Engineer

Construction Project
Team
Design
Specialist
Procurement

Reservoir
Contractors
Vendors QA/QC HSE
 SWOT_Analysis
S W
- world best shipyards - no FEED experience
- EPCI experience - few machinery makers
- young able engineers - no effective HR system
O T
- governmental support - enhanced liability
- industries’ will - local contents
- baby boomers’ rerire - China’s coming up
HOT for UAE Oil Development
 Summary
 the diversity of ocean resources
 promising projects for renewable energy such
as tidal energy conversion, wind turbine, …
 retained importance of offshore hydrocarbon,
particularly in deep water
 more importance for natural gas from the
viewpoint of global environment
 strategy for niche market in subsea equipments
 enhanced safety requirements after Macondo
accident
 leading construction capability, but lack of key
technologies
 needs for RDB & HR based on multi-discipline
Thank you for your time !
Any Questions ?

hschoi@snu.ac.kr