EE357: Power System Analysis

Farhan Mahmood, PhD

Department of Electrical Engineering
UET, Lahore

October 10, 2020

Outline

• Power systems
• Structure of a power system
• Configuration of a power system

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Power Systems

• Purpose of a power system is to transport and distribute the electrical energy

generated in the power plants to the consumers in a safe and reliable way.
• An electrical power system can be classified into;
– Generation system → creates electrical power with specified voltage and
frequency
– Transmission system → transports electrical power from generation to load
– Distribution (and Utilization) system → distributes and consume electrical power

Generator
T.L
Load
Transmission Line

(a) Typical power system configuration

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Power Systems

• Generation, transmission & distribution of

electrical power is accomplished by means of
three-phase circuit.
˗ Voltages are equal in amplitude and
displaced in phase by angle of 120°.
˗ Such a system is called as a balanced (b) Three-phase sinusoidal voltages

system.

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Structure of a Power System

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Structure of a Power System

G.S Power Plant Substation Transmission substation

Zone substation

Distribution substation

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Structure of a Power System

• The generating station converts the energy of gas, oil, coal or nuclear fuel to electric
energy. The output voltage of the generator voltage is around 15-25 kV (12.5 kV at
Mangla Dam).
• The main transformer increases the voltage to 230-765 kV (220-500 kV in Pakistan).
This reduces the current and losses.
• The high voltage transmission line transports the energy from the generating station
to the large loads, like towns.
• The high voltage substation reduces the voltage to 120-69/(132-66) kV. The
substation serves as a node point for several lines.
• The sub-transmission lines (69 kV-120 kV) / (66 kV–132 kV) connect the high
voltage substation to the local distribution station.

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Structure of a Power System

• The distribution lines (11-33 kV) distribute the energy along streets or underground.
• Each line supplies several step-down transformers distributed along the line.
• The distribution transformer reduces the voltage to 230/115V/(400/220V), which
supplies the houses, shopping centers, etc.
• Transmission and distribution lines are three-phase (excluding HVDC)
˗ Most industrial consumers use three-phase power
˗ Most residential consumers use single-phase power

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Structure of a Power System

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Configuration of a Power System

• Generation (preferably Y-connected windings)

• Transmission and subtransmission lines are built as three-phase, three-wire lines.
Neutral wire is not provided on transmission lines
• Primary distribution lines are built as three-phase, three-wire lines.
• Secondary distribution lines are built as three-phase, four-wire lines with grounded
neutral wire.
• Ends of the transmission and distribution lines are connected to either delta and wye
transformer connections.

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Harmonics in Power Systems
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION