Bacteria cell

1. Plasma membranes are flexible, selectively permeable barriers. It en-compasses

the cytoplasm and defines the cell.
2. The plasma membranes are very thin structures, about 5 to 10 nm thick. plasma
membranes structure is also described as the fluid mosaic model
3. the plasma membrane is responsible for much of the cell’s relationship with the
outside world.
4. Cell membranes restrict the diffusion of highly charged molecules, such as ions,
and large molecules, such as sugars and amino acids. The passage of these
molecules relies on specific transport proteins embedded in the membrane.
5. The chemical nature of membrane lipids is critical to their ability to form bilayers.
Most membrane-associated lipids are amphipathic: they are structurally
asymmetric, with polar and nonpolar ends.
6. Proteins in the cell membrane can have many roles. They can function as
receptors, ion channels, play a role in cell adhesion, and act as transport proteins.
7. Bacterial membranes usually differ from eukaryotic mem-branes in lacking sterols
(steroid-containing lipids)
8. Membrane proteins can be put into two groups based on how the protein is
associated with the membrane. Integral membrane proteins are permanently
embedded within the plasma membrane. Peripheral membrane proteins are
associated loosely with the inner membrane surface.
1. Bacterial cells are often surrounded by several layers, which are collectively called
the cell envelope.
2. The cell envelopes of many bacteria consist of the plasma membrane, cell wall,
and at least one additional layer (e.g., capsule or slime layer).
3. The innermost layer of the cell envelope is the plasma membrane, which
surrounds the cytoplasm.
4. plasma membrane is responsible for much of the cell’s relationship with the
outside world.
5. Plasma membranes are selectively permeable barriers.
6. they allow particular ions and molecules to pass either into or out of the cell, while
preventing the movement of others.
7. Thus the plasma membrane prevents the loss of essential components through
leakage while allowing the movement of other molecules.
8. Bacterial plasma membranes play additional critical roles. They are the location of
several crucial metabolic processes: respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis
of lipids and cell wall constituents.
9. The most widely accepted model for membrane structure is the fluid mosaic model
of Singer and Nicholson, which proposes that membranes are lipid bilayers within
which proteins float.
10. Most membrane-associated lipids are amphipathic. They are structurally
asymmetric, with polar and nonpolar ends.
11. The polar ends interact with water and are hydrophilic. the nonpolar hydrophobic
ends are insoluble in water and tend to associate with one another.
12. In aqueous environments, amphipathic lipids can interact to form a bilayer.
13. Two types of membrane proteins: Peripheral membrane proteins are loosely
connected to the membrane and can be easily removed. They are soluble in
aqueous solutions and make up about 20 to 30% of total membrane protein.
14. The remaining proteins are integral membrane proteins. These are not easily
extracted from membranes and are insoluble in aqueous solutions.
15. Integral membrane proteins, like membrane lipids, are amphipathic; their
hydrophobic regions are buried in the lipid while the hydrophilic portions project
from the membrane surface.