Electronique de puissance

DC‐AC Converter
Inverters
 Introduction
• Conversion of a DC source into an AC output with a variable frequency.

• The frequency of the output AC can be controlled by the conduction 
period of po er s itches of the in erter
period of power switches of the inverter.

• p g p
Output voltage of inverter has  a no sinusoidal periodic waveform but can 
be made to closely approximate this desired waveform.

• Inverters are used in industrial applications, including speed control of 
f
induction and synchronous motor, aircraft power supplies, uninterruptible 
power supplies (UPS), and high‐voltage DC transmision.
Half-Bridge Inverter
Square‐wave output

Step wave output

Step‐wave output
Half‐Bridge VSI (Voltage Source Inverter)
Half‐Bridge VSI (Voltage Source Inverter)
 Full‐Bridge VSI
g

State S1 S2 S3 S4 Output Voltage
1 On Off Off On +E
2 Off On On Off ‐E
3 On Off Off On +E
4 Off On On Off ‐E
 Square-Wave output
With Inductive RL load
Step-Wave output
 Inverter Voltage Control Techniques

1 Control of DC input voltage supplied to the inverter

1-

2- Control of AC output voltage of the inverter

3- Control of the voltage within the inverter

 Pulse-Width Modulation
(A) Single Pulse‐Width Modulation
 (B) Multiple Pulse‐Width Modulation

Variable duty cycle with (a) m= 2

m= 5 (b) m= 3
(C) SINUSOIDAL PULSE‐WIDTH MODULATION
 PWM Inverters
Single-phase Full-Bridge Inverters
 Three-Phase
Three Phase Inverter

• Three inverter legs;

g ; capacitor
p mid-point
p is
fictitious
Three-Phase
PWM
Waveforms
Three-Phase Inverter Harmonics
 Three-Phase Inverter Output
p

• Linear and over-modulation

over modulation ranges
Three-Phase Inverter: Square-Wave Mode

• Harmonics are of the fundamental frequency

 Square-Wave
Square Wave and PWM Operation

• PWM results in much smaller ripple current

DC-Side
DC Side Current in a Three-Phase
Three Phase Inverter

• The current consists of a dc component and the

switching-frequency related harmonics
 Square-Wave Operation

• devices conducting are indicated

 PWM Operation

• devices conducting are indicated

 Tolerance-Band Current Control

• Results in a variable frequency operation

 Fixed-Frequency
Fixed Frequency Operation

• Better control is possible using dq analysis

 Summary of DC-AC Inverters

• Functional representation in a block-diagram form