Ch-12:Atoms

Lect 01
 Today’s Goal
Alpha-Particle
Scattering Experiment
Rutherford’s Nuclear
Model of Atom
In 1911,H.Geiger & Ernst Marsden (on suggestion of
Ernst Rutherford) conducted 𝜶–particle scattering
experiment
Observations
i. Most of the 𝜶 −particles passes undeviated (𝜽=0o)
ii. Only 0.14 % 𝜶 −particles deviated more than 1o (𝜽>
1o)
iii. 1 in 8000 𝜶 −particle deviate more than 90o (𝜽>90o)
iv. 1 in 10,000,00 𝜶 −particle deviate by 180o (𝜽=180o) &
returns back
Number of 𝜶 −particles scattered at angle ‘𝜽’
Q) If 100 𝜶 −particles deflects at 60o,Find number of
𝜶 −particles that deflects at 90o

a) 100
b) 150
c) 200
d) 250
Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
1. Since most 𝜶 −particles passes undeviated,most part
of atom is empty space (Atom is hollow from inside).

2. Some 𝜶 −particles deflected by more than 1o (only

0.14 %) , this means there is a +ve charge inside atom
as 𝜶 is also +ve and this +ve charge is concentrated in
an extremely small space inside atom called
Nucleus. Calculation shows size of Nucleus is
around 10-15 m whereas size of atom is around 10-10 m
3. For foils of different elements,the number of
𝜶 −particles deflected at angle 𝜽 are different.This
suggests different elements(metal as he used
silver,platinum,etc)have different +ve charge in their
nucleus

4. The electrons are attracted by nucleus due to

electrostatic force but are not pulled downwards it as
they are constantly revolving in circular paths,using
this electrostatic force as centripetal force.
Pictorial Representation
Nucleus Size Determination-
distance of closest approach (ro)
 Web Version of PW App : https://physicswallah.live/

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