‘Mini Concept Paper 1: Mercury Pollution

Academic Track

a.) Minamata, an industrial community funded and employed by the Chisso

Corporation. The chemical giant was founded as an electric power company in 1906 by
an electrical engineering graduate of Tokyo University—Japan’s Harvard. To use surplus
energy, the company in 1907 and 1908 built a chemical fertilizer plant in the coastal town
of Minamata. The drama and unexpected turns of Japanese modernization are written into
the history of this corporation, as Japan competed with Europeans and Americans at their
own game of modernization with the help of businesses such as Chisso. Initially, the
company produced hydroelectric power to compensate for the nation’s lack of oil and
other energy sources. In the 1920s and 1930s, as Japan sought to establish its dominance
in East Asia, the company dramatically expanded the production of chemical fertilizers to
maximize agricultural production on Japan’s scarce land resources.Eager to avoid the fate
of China, whose economic underdevelopment made the country easy prey for American
and European interests, Japanese leaders married capitalist industrial progress to the
authoritarian structures of traditional Japanese society. Individuals were expected to bow
down before corporate and state authority, enduring hardship and sacrifice for the sake of
Japanese industrial might. That was especially true in the 1930s. In 1932, Chisso began
producing acetaldehyde, a chemical used to manufacture drugs, plastics, and an array of
industrial products, many of them critical for fulfilling Japan’s own imperial ambitions in
East Asia. The company used inorganic mercury as a chemical catalyst, producing methyl
mercury as a waste by-product, which it dumped directly into the bay until 1968.

b.) Minamata Convention on Mercury is a multilateral environmental agreement that

addresses specific human activities which are contributing to widespread mercury
pollution. Implementation of this agreement will help reduce global mercury pollution
over the coming decades,experienced a severe, decades-long incidence of mercury
poisoning after industrial waste water from a chemical factory was discharged into
Minamata Bay. The waste water contained methyl mercury, which bio accumulated in
fish and shellfish in the bay. Local people who consumed seafood from Minamata Bay
became very sick, and many died or were left severely disabled.
Methyl mercury discharged by the responsible companies are (1) health damage to
individual persons; (2) environmental pollution, including fish and shellfish; and (3)
exhaustion of a local community due to discrimination of the victims and conflicts among
local residents.
Tech-Voc Track

a.)Mercury is a toxic heavy metal which cycles through the atmosphere, water and
soil in various forms to different parts of the world. Due to this natural cycle, irrespective
of which part of the world releases mercury it could affect an entirely different part of the
world making mercury pollution a global concern. Mercury pollution is now identified as
a global problem and awareness has been raised on an international action plan to
minimize anthropogenic mercury emissions and clean up mercury pollution. The 2002
Global Mercury Assessment concluded that "International actions to address the global
mercury problem should not be delayed”.Among many environments that are under the
impact of mercury pollution, the ocean is one which cannot be neglected as it has the
ability to act as a “storage closet” for mercury.According to a recent model study the total
anthropogenic mercury released into the ocean is estimated to be around 80,000 to 45,000
metric tons and two thirds of this amount is estimated to be found in waters shallower
than 1000m level where many consumable fish live.

Sports Track

Coal is more often associated with billowing smokestacks than it is with water. But
virtually every stage of coal’s life cycle from mining to processing to burning can impact
local water supplies, sometimes with devastating effect burned it leaves behind a grey
powder-like substance known as coal ash. Although the exact chemical composition
depends on the type of coal burned, all coal ash contains concentrated amounts of toxic
elements, including arsenic, lead, and mercury.
 Mini Concept Paper 2: Paleolithic Art

Academic Track

When it comes to knowledge of Ireland s prehistoric art, the megalithic art of

Ireland’s world renowned passage grave cemeteries, New grange and Know in the Boyne
Valley, have dominated. However, archaeology enthusiasts do not have to travel to
Meath to experience Ireland’s rich rock art it can be found on rock surfaces and outcrops
throughout the country. Irish rock art is the subject of a new, richly illustrated booklet
published by the Heritage Council. Written by archaeologist, Clare Busher O’Sullivan,
‘Rock Art’ explores the art form; where it can be found; what it means; and how it can be
protected.
The oldest known representational imagery comes from the Aurignacian culture of
the Upper Paleolithic period (Paleolithic means old stone age). Archeological discoveries
across a broad swath of Europe (especially Southern France, Northern Spain, and Swabia,
in Germany) include over two hundred caves with spectacular Aurignacian paintings,
drawings and sculpture that are among the earliest undisputed examples of
representational image-making. The oldest of these is a 2.4-inch tall female figure carved
out of mammoth ivory that was found in six fragments in the Hohle Fels.
Art of the European Upper Paleolithic includes rock and cave painting, jewelry,
drawing, carving, engraving and sculpture in clay, bone, antler, stone and ivory, such as
the Venus figurines, and musical instruments such as flutes.

The Angono Petroglyphs

Tech-Voc Track

People who follow the Paleolithic (paleo) diet believe that human genes have not
changed since the discovery of agriculture. For this reason, they argue, it is better to eat
the types of foods that people consumed during the Stone Age.Therefore, the paleo diet
which people sometimes refer to as the prehistoric diet, the caveman diet, or the hunter
gatherer diet includes foods that people may have eaten 2.5 millionTrusted Source years
ago.Supporters of the diet say that people should avoid food that is only available through
relatively.
Sports Track

The history of sports extends back to the Ancient world. The physical activity that
developed into sports had early links with ritual, warfare and entertainment.Study of
the history of sport can teach lessons about social changes and about the nature
of sport itself, as sport seems involved in the development of basic human skills .As one
delves further back in history, dwindling evidence makes theories of the origins and
purposes of sport more and more difficult to support.
As far back as the beginnings of sport, it was related to military training. For example,
competition was used as a mean to determine whether individuals were fit and useful
for service.Team sports were used to train and to prove the capability to fight in the
military and also to work together as a team

Mini Concept Paper 3: Words to the Intellectuals

Academic Track

Cuban Revolution, armed uprising in Cuba that overthrew the government

of Fulgencio Batista on January 1, 1959. The revolution’s leader, Fidel Castro, went on to
rule Cuba from 1959 to 2008.As a result of the Spanish-American War, control
of Cuba passed from Spain to the United States on January 1, 1899, and it was governed
by direct U.S. military administration until May 20, 1902. During these years, Cubans
filled more public offices than they had under Spanish rule, and much was done
for public works, sanitation, and education. Most notable of all, yellow
fever was eradicated where it had been endemic for centuries.
A constitutional convention met at Havana from November 5, 1900, to February 21,
1901. The constitution that was adopted contained certain provisions known as the Platt
Amendment; these were imposed by the U.S. as a condition for accepting the constitution
and were approved by Cuba on June 12, 1901. By these provisions Cuba promised not to
incur debts its current revenues could not bear, to continue the sanitary administration
undertaken by the U.S. military government, to lease naval stations to the U.S., and, if
necessary, to permit the U.S. to intervene in order to preserve Cuban independence and a
government adequate to protect life and property.
Tech-Voc Track

Communist Cuba has long been a major foreign policy challenge for the United
States. President Biden is the latest U.S. leader to grapple with how to balance
democracy promotion with the desire for a better bilateral relationshi p he U.S.-Cuba
relationship has been plagued by distrust and antagonism since 1959, the year Fidel
Castro overthrew a U.S.-backed regime in Havana and established a socialist state
allied with the Soviet Union. During the half century that followed, successive U.S.
administrations pursued policies intended to isolate the island country economically
and diplomatically. The United States has sanctioned Cuba longer than it has any
other country.
The tumultuous U.S.-Cuba relationship has its roots in the Cold War. In 1959,
Fidel Castro and a group of revolutionaries seized power in Havana, overthrowing t
he U.S.-backed government of Fulgencio Batista. After the Cuban Revolution, the
United States recognized Fidel Castro’s government but began imposing economic
penalties as the new regime increased its trade with the Soviet Union, nationalized
American-owned properties, and hiked taxes on U.S. imports. After slashing Cuban
sugar imports, Washington instituted a ban on nearly all U.S. exports to Cuba, which
President John F. Kennedy expanded into a full economic embargo that included
stringent travel restrictions.

Sports Track

Sport was nearly nonexistent in Cuba before the revolution of 1953. Where it did
exist, it reflected the rural economy: Horse racing and cockfighting were popular, mainly
due to the associated betting. Sport also reflected Cuba’s cultural background. An
 example is pelota, a traditional Basque courtyard game for two players using slings and a
hard ball. The influence of the United States was significant in the establishment of
boxing in Cuba, and it became very popular among poorer Cubans in the cities; most of
these people were of African descent (Sugden, 1996). Elite sports such as sailing,
equestrianism, hunting, tennis, and fencing were popular with “white” Cubans of Spanish
descent.
Undertaken into the structure of sport in that country. Individuals who had been
involved in Cuban sport or had special knowledge of sport in Cuba were interviewed.

Mini Concept Paper 4: Our Very Own Arnis

Academic Track

Aikido considered a grappling art, aikido is a Japanese martial art performed by

flowing with the motion of the attacker rather than opposing it straight-on. This requires
much less physical strength, as the practitioner directs the attacker’s momentum with
entering and turning motions, followed by various throws or joint locks.
Judo a relatively modern Japanese martial art (created in 1882). The goal of judo is
to either throw or takedown one’s opponent to the ground and immobilize or subdue them
with a grappling maneuver, joint lock, strangle hold, or choke. Strikes and thrusts by
hands and feet or weapons are only allowed in pre-arranged forms (kata), and are not
allowed in competition or free practice.
Kung Fu (Chinese martial arts): a number of fighting styles that have developed
over the centuries in China. There are common themes to the various styles (which are
usually classified by families, schools, or sects). Some styles include physical exercises
that mimic animal movements, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophies,
religions, and legends. Internal styles focus mainly on harnessing of qi, while external
styles concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness. Some of the more
common styles include Eagle Claw, Hung Gar, Five Animals (Shaolin Kung Fu),
Monkey, Praying Mantis, and Wing Chun. (The term kung fu is often used in the west to
refer to Chinese martial arts, however its original meaning refers to one’s expertise in any
skill, not just martial arts.

Arts and Design

His first and only project so far is a documentary on Filipino Martial Arts borne out
of passion and dedication to our culture.

Tech-Voc Track
the system of Filipino fighting arts founded by Remy Presas as a self-defense system.
His goal was to create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-defense
system in order to preserve the older Arnis systems. The term Modern Arnis was used by
Remy Presas' younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe his style of Filipino martial arts;
since 1999 Ernesto Presas has called his system Kombatan. It is derived principally from
the traditional Presas family style of the Bolo (machete) and the stick-dueling art
of Balintawak Eskrima, with influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts.[1]
Arnis is the Philippines' national martial art and sport,[2] after President Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo signed the Republic Act. No. 9850 in 2009. RA 9850 is a
consolidation of House Bill No. 6516 authored by South Cotabato Rep. Arthur Pingoy
Jr., and Senate Bill No. 1424 authored by Majority leader Juan Miguel Zubiri with the
help of Richard Gialogo. RA 9850 is expected to help propagate arnis as a modern
martial art/sport that can compete with popular non-Filipino arts,
i.e. taekwondo, karate and judo. The Act mandates the Department of Education to
include the sport as a Physical Education course.

Sport Track

Arnis was developed by the indigenous populations of the Philippines, who used an
assorted range of weaponry for combat and self-defense. Encompassing both simple
impact and edged weapons, arnis traditionally involved rattan, swords, daggers and
spears.Like all martial arts, arnis is primarily defensive, encompassing hand-to-hand
combat, grappling and disarming techniques. However, the fighting style also includes
the use of bladed weapons and sticks, in addition to improvised weapons. A baton-like
cane is the primary melee tool employed and the weapon used in officiated arnis
competitions.
Mini Concept Paper 5: Throw Away Society

Academic Track

a.)An ukay-ukay is a Philippine store where secondhand items such as clothes, bags,
shoes and other accessories are sold at a cheap price. Items sold at the ukay-ukay are
commonly imported from North American or European countries.

b.)*The consumers can be informed about the various products and services offered
by different companies and organization.
*Also, by advertisement many social messages can be shared
*After advertising more and more people may start buying a product which will be
profit for the selling company or organization.

Arts and Design

To keep it fresh and so people will be like as opposed to a certain model looking

exactly the same for years. If manufacturers kept the same body style, it would be harder
for you to tell the difference between a relatively new vehicle and one that is a few years
old.It would be harder for you to tell the difference between a relatively new vehicle and
one that is a few years old. That would make it harder for manufacturers to sell the
newest year vehicle for thousand of dollars more than last years model with the same
amount of miles and the same interior and exterior condition.
Tech-Voc

a.) Advertisements aren't inherently bad, but many use manipulative tactics that
influence in ways we don't even realize. Despite how much you think you ignore them,
and how little you may believe they affect you, that's not necessarily the case. Here's a
look at how manipulative ads work, the problems they cause, and what you can do to
avoid these negative consequences.

You see ads every day, whether it's on a web page, before a movie, or in the middle of a
TV show, and it's easy to say "they're just ads" because, at worst, they feel like a nuisance
or interruption. A lot of people have difficulty accepting the idea that ads are
manipulative because we want to believe we're in complete control of our choices. While
the concept of advertising isn't inherently problematic, we've moved on from the "Eat at
Joe's" sign to far more complex and sometimes even moving, cinematic messages that are
designed to create significant memories of a product. These memories are created
because an ad succeeds at making us feel something whether it's good or bad and that
emotional response can have a profound effect on how we think and the choices we
make. Not all advertising is bad, but we're going to take a look at what's problematic,
what isn't, and ways you can avoid the negative effects associated with so much of what
you passively experience

b.) This year's Apple had to trim down the battery of both iPhones in order to
keep the footprint the same and yet put a new screen technology inside. The new
Apple iPhone 6s Plus is powered by a 2,750mAh battery, a downgrade from the
2,915mAh unit inside the original 6 Plus model.

The Galaxy S6 edge+ has a beefy 3,000mAh battery unit, but it has a bigger, higher-
resolution screen. Sure, it's an AMOLED unit, but it can still affect the overall
battery life. Anyway, our battery test shows a minor 2.5% difference in the
Endurance rating the Apple iPhone 6s Plus gets 85 hours, while the Galaxy S6
edge+ scores 83 hours.The Galaxy S6 edge+ offers double the talk time of the
iPhone 6s Plus

Sport Tracks

From global sports bodies pledging to cut back on plastic to joggers picking up
rubbish as they run, athletes, sports enthusiasts and clubs are joining forces to tackle the
tidal wave of plastic pollution that is poisoning the world’s oceans.Major sporting events
can generate up to 750,000 plastic bottles apiece, so the pressure is on to clean up the
industry and use sport’s global reach to raise awareness among fans.The environment and
sports are more closely connected than people think. If we don’t have a healthy
environment, then sports will not thrive,” says Erik Solheim, head of UN Environment.
 ENGLISH FOR
ACADEMIC
AND
PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES

SUBMITTED BY:
REYMART A. ALEJO
HUMMS 11 MAPANURI