Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

10
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

SCIENCE Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Light: Plane and Curved
Mirrors

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________

Name of School: 1 ___________________________

Module Light: Plane and Curved
5 Mirrors

What I Need To Know

In the previous module for Week 4, you were able to explain the effects of
electromagnetic radiation on living things and the environment. This time, you will
grasp knowledge about two of the properties of light, REFLECTION and
REFRACTION.

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
with the Week 5 lessons in Quarter 2: Force, Motion, and Energy. The scope of this
module is all about plane and curved mirrors which are based on the following:
 Most Essential Learning Competency:
Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and
magnification) of images formed by plane mirrors and curved mirrors and
lenses
 Curriculum Guide Code:
S10FE-llg-50
 Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of the images formed by the
different types of mirrors and lenses

In this module, you will study the REFLECTION property of light. Note that the
next module for Week 6 will share the same MELC with this module which is to predict
the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images formed
by plane mirrors and curved mirrors and lenses as we will tackle refraction. In this
module, we focus on mirrors while the next module will focus on lenses.

One of the thrusts of this module is to make you aware of the purposes of the
different types of mirrors so you can select the right kind that you can use in your daily
life.

In the previous module, you have learned that visible light is the only
electromagnetic wave that can be seen by our eyes. Do you know what will happen
as it hits a smooth surface and a rough one? Why is the word “AMBULANCE” in an
ambulance car written in a reversed manner? Why are the vehicles and grocery shops
using a different type of mirror, not the same with the ones we used in our homes?...

You will find the answers to these questions as you continue to read further and
do the required activities.

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 What’s In
Let us test if you can recall your lessons in the previous module in Week 4
when you were able to explain the effects of electromagnetic radiation on living
things and the environment.

Activity 1: Let us Review Score:

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number. (1 point each) 10
For items 1 – 5: Match the following EM waves to its application.
a. Radio wave d. Visible light g. Gamma rays
b. Microwave e. UV rays
c. Infrared radiation f. X-rays
___1. Used in remote controls of electronic devices
___2. Used in banks to verify a client’s signature in passbooks for security
reasons
___3. Used in satellite communication like having a long distance call with a
cellular phone
___4. Used for treating cancer patients because of its ability to kill living cells
___5. Used in bulbs to brighten a dark room
___6. Which statement is TRUE about an EM waves’ frequency?
a. The greater the frequency, the lesser the energy
b. The greater the frequency, the longer the wavelength
c. The lesser the frequency, the lesser the energy
d. The lesser the frequency, the shorter the wavelength
___7. Which of the following statements is FALSE about EM waves?
a. Visible light is the only EM wave that can be seen
b. X-ray has the highest energy in the EM spectrum
c. Radio waves have the longest wavelength
d. Gamma rays have the greatest frequency
___8. Which EM wave is wrongly paired with its application?
a. Radio waves – TV broadcasting
b. Infrared radiation – sterilization
c. UV rays – tanning of the skin
d. Microwave – Satellite communication
___9. Which of the following gives the WORST effect of EM waves?
a. Too much watching of TV
b. Playing mobile legends from night time until dawn
c. Sleeping with cellular phones under the pillow
d. Getting an x-ray three times in a month
___10. Which should NOT be done to minimize radiation absorption of the
body?
a. Getting an X-ray when needed only
b. Turning off the wi-fi while sleeping at night
c. Putting the cellphone in the sala while sleeping in the bedroom
d. Swimming in the beach from 8AM to 5PM straight

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 What’s New
The next activities will require you to move around your house. Make sure to
remain focus.

Activity 2: No Disturbance Please!

Directions: Prepare a water in a container (preferably a basin) similar Score:
to the picture on the left.
1. Check the water in the container if it is already
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still and unmoving. If not, wait for it to be motionless.
Once the water is stagnant, observe what you can see on the surface
of the water. Put a check mark () if you observed the following, if
not, put an X on the space provided (3 points):
___ There is no presence of wave on the water.
___ An image can be clearly seen on the water.
___ There is no image seen on the water.
2. This time gently shake the water in the container. What did you see? Put a check
mark () if you observed the following, if not, put an X on the space provided (3
points):
___ Water waves are visible.
___ An image can be clearly seen on the water.
___ There is no image to be seen on the water.
3. Describe the image you see before and after shaking the water (4 points).
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Mirror, Mirror on the Wall…

Score:
Directions: Go in front of a mounted plain mirror. Caution: Be careful
not to break the mirror (1 point each). 5

1. In a clean paper, write capital letter A. Show it in front of the mirror. Write how the
letter appeared in the mirror: ________
2. At the back of the same paper (assuming it is clean), write capital letter E this time.
Again, show it in front of the mirror. Write how the letter appeared in the mirror:
________
3. Using the front of the paper where you write the capital letter A, write the word
AMBULANCE in all capital letters. Show it in front of the mirror. Write how the word
exactly appeared in the mirror. ________________
4. Copy your answer in #3 in a separate paper. Show it in front of the mirror. Write
how it appears in the mirror this time. ________________
5. Which of the two statements would explain why the word AMBULANCE in
ambulance cars are written in reversed manner. Encircle the letter of the BEST
answer.

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 A. The word AMBULANCE in ambulance cars, which are emergency
vehicles, are written in reversed so that the drivers of any vehicles in its front
can instantly read the correct word in their rear view mirror since the image
formed in mirrors are reversed. Thus they can give way for the ambulance
right away.
B. The word AMBULANCE in ambulance cars, which are emergency
vehicles, are written in reversed because this can make the drivers in front
of the ambulance see the word clearly so they can give way immediately.

Activity 4: Do not Spoon Feed Me!

Score:
Directions: Get a clean and dry stainless spoon then return in front
of the plain mirror. 10

Picture 1 1. Hold the spoon close to your face with its bulging part facing you
similar to Picture 1. Observe your image on its surface. Move the
spoon from your face slowly while focusing your attention on the
image. Move it slowly closer to your face again. What did you see?
Compare it with your image in the plain mirror. Put a check mark ()
if you observed the following, if not, put an X on the space provided
(3 points):
___ The image seen is the same with that of a plain mirror.
Picture 1
___ There is a point where the image is bigger than the
object.
___ The image is inverted.

Picture 2 2. This time, hold the spoon close to your face with its caved part
facing you similar to Picture 2. Observe your image on its surface.
Move your hand away from your face slowly while focusing your
attention on the image. Move it slowly closer to your face again.
What did you see? Compare it with your image in the plain mirror.
Put a check mark () if you observed the following, if not, put an X
on the space provided (3 points):
Picture 2
___ The image seen is the same with that of a plain mirror.
___ There is a point where the image is smaller than the object.
___ The image is inverted.
3. Try to find a nearest vehicle of a family member that is safely
parked in your vicinity. Using its rear view mirror or side mirror, look
at your image with the mirror close to you similar to Picture 3. Slowly
move away from the driving mirror and closer once again. What did
you see? Put a check mark () if you observed the following, if not,
put an X on the space provided (2 points):
____ The image seen is the same with that of the spoon with
Picture 3 the bulging part facing you.
___ The image is always bigger than the object.
4. Go back in front of the mounted plain mirror inside your house. Look at your
image with the mirror close to you. Slowly move away from the plain mirror and
closer once again. What did you see? Put a check mark () if you observed the
following, if not, put an X on the space provided (2points):

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 ___ The image seen is the same with that of the spoon
with the caved part facing you.
___ The image is always upright.

What is It
Reflection is the bouncing off of light rays as it hits a surface. If the surface is
smooth and shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at the same
angle as it hits the surface. This is called specular or regular reflection. Diffuse or
irregular reflection is when light hits an object and reflects in lots of different directions.
This happens when the surface is rough. Most of the things we see are because light
from a source has reflected off it.

The figure on the right shows the

following:
Incident Ray. The ray of light approaching the
mirror represented by an arrow approaching an
optical element like mirrors.
Reflected Ray. The ray of light which leaves
the mirror and is represented by an arrow pointing away from the mirror.
Normal Line. An imaginary line that can be drawn perpendicular to the surface of the
mirror at the point of incidence where the ray strikes the mirror.

Figure (A) on the right shows the result of

specular or regular reflection while figure (B) is
the result of diffuse or irregular reflection. This is
the scientific concept behind what you observed
in Activity 2.
(A) (B)

Mirror Left-Right Reversal

Picture 4 on the right shows a girl combing her hair with
her left hand. However, in her image, you will notice that she is
combing her hair with her right hand. This effect is known as the
mirror left-right reversal. The left side of the object appears as
the right side of the image and the right side appears as the left.
This also explains why the word “AMBULANCE” in an
ambulance car is flipped as what you experienced in Activity 3.
Picture 4

Reflection on Spherical Mirrors

A curved mirror is a reflecting surface in which its surface is a section of sphere.
There are two kinds of curved mirrors, the concave and the convex mirrors. A spoon
is a kind of a curved mirror with both concave and convex surfaces like what you

6
experienced in Activity 4. Meanwhile, below is the explanation why you were able to
arrive with different characteristics of images formed in concave and convex mirrors.
Two Kinds of Spherical Mirrors:
1. The Concave Mirror
• It is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface
bulges away from the light source.
• It is called Converging Mirror because the parallel
incident rays converge or meet/intersect at a focal
point after reflection.

2. The Convex Mirror

• It is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light
source.

• It is called Diverging Mirror because the parallel

incident rays diverge after reflection. When
extending the reflected rays behind the mirror, the
rays converge at the focus behind the mirror.

Have you noticed that mirrors rarely tell the truth?

Do the next activity to find out how.

Images Formed by Curved Mirrors

In locating the image formed in curved mirror
graphically, three important points are considered as
shown in the figure a below. Take note that the
distance from the Center of Curvature (C) to the
Focal Point or Focus (F), is the same distance from
the Focal Point or Focus (F) to the Vertex (V).
Therefore, the distance from C to V is just twice the distance between C to F or F to
V.
For example, if the distance from C to F is 5cm, then the distance from F to V
is also 5cm. Thus, the distance from C to V is 10 cm

The ‘Four Principal Rays’ in Curved Mirrors

Images formed in a curved mirror can be located and described through ray
diagramming. The 1) P – F ray, 2) F – P ray, 3) C – C ray, and 4) the V ray.

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8
 In determining the position and nature of the image graphically, the ‘Four
Principal Rays’ are used. Ray diagramming is used in the graphical method of locating
the image.
The following are ray diagramming steps using the ‘Four Principal Rays’ in
determining the position and the nature of the image of an object formed by concave
mirror and convex mirror.
1. From the object, draw the first ray (P – F ray). From the same point on the object,
draw the second (F – P ray), third (C – C ray), and fourth (V ray) rays.
2. The intersection of the four rays is the image point corresponding to the object point.
For example, if you started diagramming from the tip of the arrow-shaped object, the
intersection of the reflected rays is also the tip of the arrow-shaped image. Thus, you
can determine completely the position and characteristics of the image.
3. For a convex mirror, light rays diverge after reflection and converge from a point
that seems to be behind the mirror (virtual focus); but the procedure for locating images
is the same as for concave mirror.

What’s More
In the next activity, you will use the steps described above to locate and
describe the images formed by concave and convex mirrors through graphical
method.

Activity 5: Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection? Score:

Objective: Construct ray diagrams to determine the,
Location, Orientation, Size, and Type of images 18
formed by curved mirror.
Materials: Pencil, ruler
DIRECTIONS:
Using the Four Principal Rays explained in page 9, analyze locate the image formed
in curved mirrors. The first one is done for you (3 points each).

Concave Mirror

9
Convex Mirror

What I Have Learned

After locating the image formed in curved mirrors through ray diagramming, let
us now describe the image’s qualitative characteristics based from your answers in
Activity 5.

Activity 6: I am not L-O-S-T Score:

Direction: Write the characteristics of the image formed in spherical
mirrors on the following table. The first one is done for you (1 point 24
each).

10
 Between C
inverted reduced real
&F

Score:
What I Can Do 10
Activity 7: What is your Reflection?

Directions: The following are situations where mirrors are needed.

Depending on its application, identify what kind of mirror is needed: plain mirror,
concave mirror, or convex mirror (2 points each).

Needed
Situation
Mirror
1. Suppose you are camping and would like to start a fire by focusing
sunlight onto a piece of paper, what type of mirror would you use?
2. Assuming there is a brown out in your area and the only way to brighten
the room is through the flashlight application in your smart phone. What

11
 kind of mirror would you use to allow the light from your phone to be
much brighter through its reflection?
3. A mirror is needed in a motion-picture projector to form an inverted, real
image that is 100 times taller than the picture in a single frame of film.
What type of mirror should you use?
4. Surveillance cameras are needed to secure the safety of stores. If the
owner cannot afford to have one yet, he/she needs a mirror that will give
a wider range of view in her shop to monitor costumers. What kind of
mirror will you recommend?
5. Your friend’s room has a very small space and she wants to make it look
bigger. Knowing the concepts of reflection in different kinds of mirrors,
which mirror will you advise him/her to use?

Score:
Assessment
10
Directions: Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided
before each number.
___1. Which ray in the ray diagramming method is used to check if the image
formed is correctly located?
a. Ray 4 b. Ray 3 c. Ray 2 d. Ray 1
___2. A light ray, traveling parallel to a concave mirror’s axis, strikes the
mirror’s surface. The reflected ray _________.
a. passes through the mirror’s center of curvature
b. travels at right angles to the mirror’s axis
c. again travels parallel to the mirror’s axis
d. passes through the mirror’s focal point
___3. Where is the location of an object to produce an enlarge image in a
concave mirror?
a. at F b. Beyond C c. at C d. between F and C
___4. What kind of mirror is used in automobiles and trucks to give the driver a wider
area and smaller image of traffic behind him?
a. Round b. Plane c. Convex d. Concave
___5. Which of the following is/are true of a concave mirror?
I. It will never form a real image
I. An inverted image will be formed if the object distance is greater than
the focal length
III. An object can be magnified if placed at f
a. I, II, and III b. I and II c. II only d. I only
___6. Which of the following characteristics of an image is formed when object is
beyond C in a concave mirror?
a. inverted, reduced, virtual c. inverted enlarge, real
b. inverted, reduced, real d. inverted, same size, real
___7. Which statement is FALSE about the image of concave mirror?
a. Object beyond C has an inverted image
b. Object at C has same size image
c. Object between F and V has a real image
d. Object at F has no image

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___8. Which is a correct pairing of object location and its image location in
concave mirror?
a. At F – At F c. Beyond C – At C
b. At C – At C d. At C – Between C and F

___9. Which is a correct pairing of object location and image characteristics

according to “LOST” in a concave mirror?
a. At F – behind the mirror, upright, enlarge, virtual
b. Between C & F – beyond C, inverted, enlarge, real
c. At C – At C, inverted, reduce, real
d. Beyond C – between C & F, inverted, same size, real

___10. The image in a convex mirror is the same regardless where the object is
located. What is the characteristics of its image according to “LOST”?
a. Between F & V, upright, reduced, virtual
b. Beyond C, inverted, enlarge, real
c. At C, inverted, reduced, virtual
d. Between C & F, upright, same size, virtual

Additional Activities
Activity 8: DIY Periscope
Score:
Directions: Using the following materials, construct your very own
improvised periscope. CAUTION: Be very careful in handling the 30
cutter (30 points).

Materials:
• 2 plane mirrors • milk carton/ illustration board/cardboard/ box
• glue/sticky tape • cutter, scissors, ruler, protractor

What to do:
1. With the help of a family member, using the materials given, design and
construct an improvised periscope based on the information gathered from
different resources.
A periscope lets you look around walls, corners or
other obstacles. Submarines have periscopes so that
people inside can see what is on the surface of the water.
A periscope is a useful example of the law of
reflection at work. It’s important that your mirrors are placed
at a 45° angle, because light always reflects away from a
mirror at the same angle that it hits it. In a periscope, light
from an object strikes the top mirror at 45° and bounces off
at the same angle. This sends light directly down the tube
and onto the lower mirror. This mirror, also at a 45° angle,
reflects light directly to your eye.
Source: https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/periscopes/
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References

Printed Materials
Belen, J.G., A.I Yap, E.B Ogena, and A.I Yap. Addressing Misconceptions in
Mathematics and Science. Quezon City: NISMED UP Diliman and DOST-SEI.

Littell, McDougal. Science, Integrated Course 1, Teacher’s Edition. Evanston, Illinois:

McDougal Littell, 2005.

Padua, Alicia, and Ricardo Crisostomo. Laboratory Manual and Workbook in

Physics. Vibal Publishing House, Inc., 2011.

Shipman, James, Jerry Wilson, and Charles Higgins, Jr. An Introduction to Physical
Science. Pasig City: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd (Philippine Branch),
2013.

Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L. (2012), Sears and Zemansky’s University
Physics with Modern Physics – 13th Ed., San Francisco: Addison-Wesley
Pearson Education, Inc.

Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year, Revised Edition, 2004, SEMP.

Science Learner’s Material for Grade 10, First Edition, 2015.

Electronic Sources
Henderson, Tom, . The Physics Classroom, “Specular vs. Diffuse Reflection.”
Accessed March 1, 2014. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/ refln/u13l1d.cfm.

The Mirror Equation. Accessed June 21, 2014. http://www.physicsclassroom.

com/class/refln/Lesson-3/The-Mirror-Equation

Ray Diagram – Concave Mirrors. Accessed June 22, 2014. http://www.

physicsclassroom.com/Class/refln/U13L3d.cfm#note

Ray Diagram – Convex Mirrors. Accessed June 22, 2014. http://www.

physicsclassroom.com/class/refln/Lesson-4/

Ray-Diagrams-ConvexMirrors Diverging Lenses – Ray Diagrams. Accessed June

23, 2014. http://www. physicsclassroom.com/class/refrn/Lesson-5/

http://www.wallpaperup.com/225284/landscape_nature_trees_mountain_Mount_
Mayon_Philippines_Luzon_reflection_volcano_g.html

http://www.wallpaperup.com/29790/sunset_mountains_reflection.html

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 Development Team Mi Ultimo Adios
¡Adiós, Patria adorada, región del sol querida,
Writer: Kathleen Joy B. Bongcawel Perla del mar de oriente, nuestro perdido Edén!
A darte voy alegre la triste mustia vida,
Y fuera más brillante, más fresca, más florida,
También por ti la diera, la diera por tu bien.
Editors: Margie Lou C. Jacob
En campos de batalla, luchando con delirio,
Laarni A. Adonis Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar;
Kathleen Joy B. Padilla El sitio nada importa, ciprés, laurel o lirio,
Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o cruel martirio,
Joly C. Baradero Lo mismo es si lo piden la patria y el hogar.
Yo muero cuando veo que el cielo se colora
Y al fin anuncia el día tras lóbrego capuz;
Reviewer: Sandy R. Albarico si grana necesitas para teñir tu aurora,
Illustrator: Vierte la sangre mía, derrámala en buen hora
Y dórela un reflejo de su naciente luz.
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Mis sueños cuando apenas muchacho
adolescente,
Majarani M. Jacinto, CESO VI Mis sueños cuando joven ya lleno de vigor,
SDS-ZDS Fueron el verte un día, joya del mar de oriente,
Secos los negros ojos, alta la tersa frente,
Sin ceño, sin arrugas, sin manchas de rubor
Visminda Q. Valde, Ed.D
ASDS Ensueño de mi vida, mi ardiente vivo anhelo,
¡Salud te grita el alma que pronto va a partir!
¡Salud! Ah, que es hermoso caer por darte vuelo,
Raymond M. Salvador, Ed.D Morir por darte vida, morir bajo tu cielo,
Y en tu encantada tierra la eternidad dormir.
ASDS
Si sobre mi sepulcro vieres brotar un día
Entre la espesa yerba sencilla, humilde flor,
Juliet A. Magallanes, Ed.D Acércala a tus labios y besa al alma mía,
CID Chief Y sienta yo en mi frente bajo la tumba fría,
De tu ternura el soplo, de tu hálito el calor.
Florencio R. Caballero, DTE Deja a la luna verme con luz tranquila y suave,
EPS-LRMDS Deja que el alba envíe su resplandor fugaz,
Deja gemir al viento con su murmullo grave,
Y si desciende y posa sobre mi cruz un ave,
Sandy R. Albarico Deja que el ave entone su cántico de paz.
EPS-Science
16
Deja que el sol, ardiendo, las lluvias evapore
Y al cielo tornen puras, con mi clamor en pos;
Deja que un ser amigo mi fin temprano llore
Y en las serenas tardes cuando por mí alguien ore,
¡Ora también, oh Patria, por mi descanso a Dios!
Ora por todos cuantos murieron sin ventura,
Por cuantos padecieron tormentos sin igual,
Por nuestras pobres madres que gimen su amargura;
Por huérfanos y viudas, por presos en tortura
Y ora por ti que veas tu redención final.
Y cuando en noche oscura se envuelva el cementerio
Y solos sólo muertos queden velando allí,
No turbes su reposo, no turbes el misterio,
Tal vez acordes oigas de cítara o salterio,
Soy yo, querida Patria, yo que te canto a ti.
Y cuando ya mi tumba de todos olvidada
No tenga cruz ni piedra que marquen su lugar,
Deja que la are el hombre, la esparza con la azada,
Y mis cenizas, antes que vuelvan a la nada,
El polvo de tu alfombra que vayan a formar.
Entonces nada importa me pongas en olvido.
Tu atmósfera, tu espacio, tus valles cruzaré.
Vibrante y limpia nota seré para tu oído,
Aroma, luz, colores, rumor, canto, gemido,
Constante repitiendo la esencia de mi fe.
Mi patria idolatrada, dolor de mis dolores,
Querida Filipinas, oye el postrer adiós.
Ahí te dejo todo, mis padres, mis amores.
Voy donde no hay esclavos, verdugos ni opresores,
Donde la fe no mata, donde el que reina es Dios.
Adiós, padres y hermanos, trozos del alma mía,
Amigos de la infancia en el perdido hogar,
Dad gracias que descanso del fatigoso día;
Adiós, dulce extranjera, mi amiga, mi alegría,
Adiós, queridos seres, morir es descansar.
Dr. Jose Rizal