Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
BASISTA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
A.PEREZ ST., POBLACION, BASISTA, PANGASINAN

Name: Year& Section: Score:

Quarter 3 – Module 1
Composing an Argumentative Essay

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Compose an argumentative essay EN10WC-IIh-13

Specifically, you are expected to:

• describe characteristics of an argumentative essay
• explain elements or argumentative essay
• demonstrate understanding of an argumentative essay format
• write an argumentative essay to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence

This module is divided into 3 lessons:

Lesson 1: Outlining an Argumentative Essay

Lesson 2: Writing a Thesis Statement
Lesson 3: Types of Argument Claims

Lesson 1 - Outlining an Argumentative Essay

Discover
When you’re writing a persuasive essay, you need more than just an opinion to make your voice heard. Even
the strongest stance won’t be compelling if it’s not structured properly and reinforced with solid reasoning and
evidence. Learn what elements every argumentative essay should include and how to structure it depending on
your audience in this easy step-by-step guide.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. In a good argumentative essay,
a writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their point of view about a topic by stating their
reasoning and providing evidence to back it up.
Argumentative essay writing is a common assignment for high school and college students. Generally,
argumentative essay topics are related to science, technology, politics, and health care.

How to Outline an Argumentative Essay in 4 Steps:

Argumentative essays should have a straightforward structure, so they are easy for readers to follow.
The goal of an argumentative essay is to clearly outline a point of view, reasoning, and evidence. A good
argumentative essay should follow this structure:

1. Introductory paragraph. The first paragraph of your essay should outline the topic, provide background
information necessary to understand your argument, outline the evidence you will present and states your thesis.
2. The thesis statement. This is part of your first paragraph. It is a concise, one sentence summary of your
main point and claim.
3. Body paragraphs. A typical argumentative essay comprises three or more paragraphs that explain the
reasons why you support your thesis. Each body paragraph should cover a different idea or piece of evidence
and contain a topic sentence that clearly and concisely explains why the reader should agree with your position.
Body paragraphs are where you back up your claims with examples, research, statistics, studies, and text
citations. Address opposing points of view and disprove them or explain why you disagree with them. Presenting
facts and considering a topic from every angle adds credibility and will help you gain a reader’s trust.

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4. Conclusion. One paragraph that restates your thesis and summarizes all of the arguments made in your
body paragraphs. Rather than introducing new facts or more arguments, a good conclusion will appeal to a
reader’s emotions. In some cases, writers will use a personal anecdote explaining how the topic personally
affects them

QUIZ NO. 1. RECOGNIZE IT!

Directions: Analyze each statement. Identify what part of an argumentative essay is being described. Write
INTRODUCTION, BODY or CONCLUSION.

___________________________1. Reasons why you support a claim

___________________________2. Statement of the problem or issue
___________________________3. Gives general statements
___________________________4. Address opposing points
___________________________5. Personal Anecdotes
___________________________6. Placement of Thesis Statement
___________________________7. Background Information
___________________________8. Presentation of Facts
___________________________9. Explanation of disagreement
___________________________10. Back up claims
___________________________11. Appeal to reader’s emotions
___________________________12. Outline of the evidence
___________________________13. Summary of arguments
___________________________14. Concise explanation of your position
___________________________15. Outline of the topic

Lesson 2 Writing a Thesis Statement

Discover
Your thesis statement is only one sentence long, but it’s the most important part of your argumentative essay.
The thesis appears in your introductory paragraph, summarizes what your argumentative essay will be about,
and primes the reader for what’s to come. These steps will help you get your point across clearly and concisely:
1. Turn the topic into a question and answer it. Set up a big question in the title of your essay or within the
first few sentences. Then, build up to answering that question in your thesis statement. For example, in your title
or introduction, you could pose the question, “What is the best type of sandwich?” And then answer with your
thesis statement: “The best type of sandwich is peanut butter and jelly.” This method is effective because
intriguing questions draw readers in and encourage them to keep reading to find the answer.
2. State an argument, and then refute it. Introduce an idea that contrasts with your belief, and immediately
explain why you disagree with it. For example: “While some people believe peanut butter and jelly sandwiches
are too simple, they’re versatile sandwiches that you can easily turn into a gourmet meal.” This method is
effective because it uses evidence and immediately demonstrates your credibility.
3. Briefly outline your main points. Introduce your main point and explain how you’ll back it up. For example:
“You can turn a peanut butter and jelly sandwich into a gourmet meal by using artisanal bread, toasting the
bread, and adding additional toppings.” This method is effective because it gives readers a clear idea of
everything you’ll discuss in your essay. It also serves as a roadmap to help keep you organized and on track.

Example
Topic: You have won the lottery and can choose to travel anywhere in the world. Write about one place you
would like to visit and explain why you’d like to travel there.
Supports:
1. I would travel to France because I love French food.
2. Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and I would like to see it.
3. I would like to practice my French and become more fluent.

Thesis Statement: If I won the lottery and could travel anywhere in the world, I would travel to France because I
love French food, I want to see Paris, and I would like to become more fluent in French.
It is time for you to put into practice your understanding of this topic.

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QUIZ NO. 2 RECOGNIZE IT!
Directions. Write T next to each thesis statement and write NT to usual sentences or just a title of an essay.
__________1. I want to tell you about the many defects in the administration's proposals for restructuring the
Social Security program.
__________2. Al Capone, the Chicago gang leader, was nicknamed "Scarface."
__________3. Justice delayed is justice denied.
__________4. My thesis asks whether affirmative action programs are just a new form of racism.
__________5. It's not only poor people who get government handouts.
__________6. How to Grow Prize-Winning Roses.
__________7. This paper will examine recent proposals to reinstate the death penalty.
__________8. My husband is a terrible cook.
__________9. My husband cooks all the meals for our family.
__________10. Christmas shopping shows that the law of the jungle is still with us.

Lesson 3 Types of Argument Claims

Discover
Once you decide what you’re arguing and know your thesis statement, consider how you’ll present your
argument. There are five types of argument claims that can drive your essay:

1. Fact: whether the statement is true or false.

2. Definition: the dictionary definition of what you’re arguing, plus your own personal interpretation of it.
3. Value: the importance of what you’re arguing.
4. Cause and effect: what causes the problem in your essay and what effects it has.
5. Policy: why the reader should care and what they should do about it after reading.
There are three main ways to structure an argumentative essay. Choose one of the following or combine them to
write your persuasive paper:

1. Classical. Present the main argument, state your opinion, and do your best to convince the reader why your
stance is the right one. Also called Aristotelian, this is the most popular strategy for making an argument
because it’s the most simple line of thinking to follow. It’s effective when your audience doesn’t have a lot of
information or a strong opinion about your topic, as it outlines the facts clearly and concisely.
2. Rogerian. Present the problem, acknowledge the opposing side of the argument, state your point of view,
and explain why yours is the most beneficial to the reader. This type of argument is effective for polarizing topics,
as it acknowledges both sides and presents the middle ground.
3. Toulmin. Present your claim, present grounds to back up that claim, and then justify that the grounds are
linked to the claim. This type of argument is also effective for polarizing topics, but rather than present both
sides, it presents one, hinging particularly on facts presented in a way that makes the claim difficult to argue with.

SUMMATIVE TEST 1

Directions: Analyze each item carefully and write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements correctly defines claim?

A. Grabs the reader's attention
B. Details that support your argument
C. Explains why the other side of the argument is rational
D. Explains the topic, gives your opinion, and lists the main reasons.
2. Which of the following is the CLAIM FORMULA?
A. Topic + Opinion + 2 Reasons Topic + 3 supporting details
B. Topic+ 4 Reasons Topic + Opposite Opinion + 1 Reason
3. Which part of an essay expounds the evidence and connects it back to the topic sentence?
A. Counterclaim B. Explanation C. Evidence D. Refutation

4. Which of the following statements would be a solid claim for the topic of yearround schooling?
A. Year round schooling is great because parents get the summers off.
B. Year round schooling is silly because kids don't want to be in school.
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 C. Year-round schooling would not be beneficial because it is too expensive and children wouldn't
have enough down time.
D. Year-round schooling would be beneficial because students could learn a lot more than they
usually do during the school year and also it would help them be better at math and science but some
people believe it could also could be bad.

5. Which of the following statements would be a solid claim for the topic of product testing on animals?
A. Product testing on animals is bad because it could hurt them.
B. In my opinion, companies should not test their products on animals.
C. Some companies test their products on animals before they give products to humans.
D. Product testing on animals should be banned because it could hurt the animals and it could
cause a decline in population of the species.
6. Which of the following ideas is NOT in the Body Paragraph of an argumentative essay?
A. Counterclaim C. Refutation
B. Evidentiary Support D. Topic Sentence
7. Which of the following should be in the Introductory paragraph of an Argumentative Essay?
A. Concluding Statement C. Commentary for Evidence
B. Counterclaim D. Topic Sentence
8. Which of the following statements would be a solid counterclaim for the topic of kids using social media?
A. Social media shouldn't be allowed for teenagers.
B. My mom said that I'm not allowed to have social media and I don't like that.
C. Some people believe that kids should be allowed to use social media, but those
people are wrong.
D. Some people claim that kids should not be allowed to use social media because they
could experience bullying.
9. Which of these ideas is NOT a part of an argumentative essay?
A. Body Paragraphs B. Conclusion C. Introduction D. Setting
10. Which of the following quotes supports the claim that we should stop using gadgets for a week?
A. "Technology has become more advanced in the past ten years."
B. "Screens on cell phones have become larger in the past few years."
C. "Screens allow students to find information quickly and efficiently."
D. "Screens cause students to be distracted and then they cannot learn as well."

11. Which of the piece of evidences best supports the claim that we should have sports in junior high
school?
A. "School sports include volleyball, soccer, basketball and tennis."
B. "In schools that have sports, students attend games after school."
C. "Research shows that school sports increase student interest in school"
D. "When schools have sports programs, the school must spend money on coaches and
equipment."
12. Which of the following claims matches the given evidence? Teachers stay late at work many times a
week. Teachers plan and grade student work while they home at night. Teacher spent many hours on weekends
planning lessons for the week.
A. In my opinion, teachers work very hard. C. In my opinion, teachers are very important.
B. In my opinion, teachers respect students. D. In my opinion, teachers are very knowledgeable
13. Which of the following statements is the best topic sentence for the given prompt?
Everyone has a favorite time of the year. THINK about the time of year that you like best. WRITE to explain why
this time of the year is your favorite.
A. We had the best adventures together.
B. I like going to the beach because it's fun.
C. My auntie is my favorite person in the whole world.
D. Holiday season is a magical time of year. It is full of family and fun and definitely my favorite.
14. Which prompt BEST fits the following thesis statement?
"If you give up on reaching one goal, you are more likely to keep giving up in the future."
A. WRITE an essay explaining the importance of never giving up.
B. WRITE an essay explaining whether it is important to have goals.
C. WRITE an essay explaining whether it is important to find joy in daily activities.
D. WRITE an essay explaining whether it is important to be passionate about something.

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15. Which prompt BEST fits the following thesis statement? "Having passion can give you motivation
when
times get tough."
A. WRITE an essay explaining the importance of never giving up.
B. WRITE an essay explaining whether it is important to have goals.
C. WRITE an essay explaining whether it is important to find joy in daily activities.
D. WRITE an essay explaining whether it is important to be passionate about something.

Quarter 3 – Module 2
Using Informative, Persuasive, and Argumentative
Writing Techniques

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify what an informative essay, argumentative essay and persuasive essay are;
2. differentiate the different variety of informative, argumentative and persuasive writing techniques;
3. and, use a variety of informative, persuasive, and argumentative writing techniques. EN10WC-IIIB-
14.1.2

Discover
Direction: Read the text about informative, argumentative and persuasive writing below. You can
highlight the important terms as you go along by underlining them.

Text 1: Informative
The Informative Writing Style

The purpose of informative writing is to inform the audience about a certain topic. This type of writing is also
called explanatory or expository writing. It relies on the use of credible sources and factual evidence that
explains the topic and supports the author’s perspective. However, informative writing isn’t about your opinions
but about educating your readers.

Choosing an Informative Topic

Sometimes, students get their topics assigned by professors, and sometimes they need to find a topic for their
paper. If you have to choose a topic yourself, we suggest that you brainstorm on the subjects that look
interesting for both you and your readers. Don’t choose too narrow or too broad topics. For instance, you don’t
want to choose climate as a topic for your informative paper because it’s a very broad subject. Instead, you can
narrow it down to the issue of climate change in Southern states. This topic is more specific so you can clearly
understand what to focus on and what sources will help you gather the necessary data. You should provide
reliable evidence to explain the subject in detail.

The Structure
The structure of an informative essay is no different from the traditional structure used in argumentative writing.
However, these two types of writing have different purposes. Argumentative papers are aimed to persuade the
audience to agree with the author’s position, while the only purpose of an informative essay is to educate
readers.

An informative essay must include several paragraphs that provide relevant information in the logical order. You
should make sure that all the information that you include in your informative essay is properly cited. The
introduction must familiarize your readers with the topic and present a clear thesis statement that will serve as
the basis for the whole essay. Every paragraph of the body section must start with a topic sentence that
addresses a particular aspect of the general topic, followed by a detailed explanation and at least two pieces of
evidence. The evidence must explain the subject of the paragraph and be properly cited. At the end of the
paragraph, write a couple of transitional sentences that will help you move to the next point and connect the
content of the paragraph to the thesis statement.

Planning
Proper planning will take your informative writing skills to the next level. If you just start writing without having a
clear understanding of what your paper should look like, the whole writing process will be much more challenging

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than if you prepare and write an outline first. Although many students consider planning an unnecessary part of
the writing process, the truth is that planning can help you improve your writing significantly.

You can make a traditional outline or use a graphic organizer. The main thing is to take some time and think of
what your thesis statement must look like. Think of how you’re going to support your arguments so that you can
have a clear direction for your work. If you cannot figure out what your thesis statement will be, think of what
information would be most interesting for your readers and what they want to know about the topic of your paper.
This way, it will be much easier for you to develop a thesis statement and to find the right evidence to support it.

The Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is the main part of your informative paper because it serves as the basis for all your
arguments. It must be one or two sentences long, directly focusing on the question in your prompt. An effective
thesis statement is clear and precise. When your audience reads your thesis statement in the introduction
section, they must understand what to expect from the rest of the paper.

The thesis statement serves as a roadmap for your readers. However, you don’t need to make it obvious. Simply
put, you shouldn’t just describe the content of your essay in the thesis statement. Instead, you must write down
the main point of the whole paper which connects all the other arguments and explains the significance of the
topic. Your thesis statement shouldn’t point out what you’re going to say in the next paragraph directly but it
should help your readers understand in what direction you’re going to lead them with your arguments. The body
of your essay will provide more details and specific examples so that your readers will better understand the
thesis statement.

Useful Informative Writing Techniques

Bias of any kind is the main problem for informative writing, and you must make sure that your papers are not
biased in any way. Therefore, we recommend that you stick with facts and enable your readers to draw their own
conclusions. Don’t forget that the purpose of informative writing is to provide information, not opinions. Another
good technique that will help you improve your informative writing skills is to be specific. Your readers are
looking for clear answers. Make sure to explain what happened, where and when it happened, as well as why
you consider this topic important. The more precise your writing, the better your audience will understand it.
Readers who look for information need solid facts and specific details.

Make providing the information your main priority. Always start your paper with the most relevant information,
and then move to the details that will help them better understand the subject matter. Provide the most important
information first, and then add unnecessary details. Make sure to use a clear and formal language.

Distinctive Features of Informative Writing

The main feature of informative writing is an unbiased perspective. You need to present your topic in a way that
will help your audience understand the different aspects of a complex subject. Use simple language and provide
definitions for any technical terms. Make sure to explain the subject matter to all of your readers, even to those
who are not familiar with the subject at all.

It’s also important to focus on the most relevant details. Your writing shouldn’t be boring and it must be organized
in a logical way. You can try different sentence

structures to make your writing more straightforward and engaging. Every paragraph of the body of your paper
should only focus on one idea which is directly related to your thesis statement and gives a better understanding
of the topic.

The conclusion of your informative article or essay must briefly summarize the content of the entire paper, while
also restating the thesis statement. Try to look at the thesis statement from a new angle, taking into account
important facts from the body. Don’t provide any new information in the conclusion — you should only provide
evidence in the body of your paper.

Source: https://writers-house.com/blog/quick-guide-informative-writing-techniques/

Seven (7) steps to succeed in the informative essay writing:

Step 1
1. Choose the topic for your informative essay.
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2. Remember that the aim of informative essay is not impose your view, but to inform and educate the audience
on a topic chosen.

Step 2
1. Create the outline that will organize your facts in a logical way.
2. List all the questions you have about your topic and what you are going to perform.
Step 3
1. Gather all the necessary information for the work, from at least four sources.
2. Research your topic online and in a library. Find authoritative, credible sources
3. Analyze the facts and research details found.
Step 4: The Introduction
1. Present the topic and grab your audience attention.
2. Give some background information about the key words and terminology.
3. Compare the viewpoints and facts on a controversial subject or different sources data.
4. Start with a general idea which gradually get more and more specific.

Step 5: The Body

1. Provide all the necessary information and materials to your target audience
2. Use various sources, facts and expert judgments
3. Make sure all your facts are accurate
Step 6: The Conclusion
1. Restate about the seriousness of issue and summarize the facts for and against your main
thesis
2. Never introduce some new information or ideas in the conclusion
3. The main purpose for your conclusion is to round off the essay by summing up
Step 7: Analyze all the work done.
Think whether all the information has been provided and if there could arise any prejudices in the
audience according to the material presented
Source: https://buzzessay.com/how-to-write-an-informative-essay

Text 2: Argumentative
What is an Argumentative Essay?
An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue. In a good argumentative essay, a
writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their point of view about a topic by stating their
reasoning and providing evidence to back it up. Argumentative essay writing is a common assignment for high
school and college students. Generally, argumentative essay topics are related to science, technology, politics,
and health care.
How To Outline an Argumentative Essay in 4 Steps

Argumentative essays should have a straightforward structure so they are easy for readers to follow. The goal of
an argumentative essay is to clearly outline a point of view, reasoning, and evidence. A good argumentative
essay should follow this structure:
1. Introductory paragraph. The first paragraph of your essay should outline the topic, provide
background information necessary to understand your argument, outline the evidence you will present
and states your thesis.
2. The thesis statement. This is part of your first paragraph. It is a concise, one-sentence
summary of your main point and claim.
3. Body paragraphs. A typical argumentative essay comprises three or more paragraphs that
explain the reasons why you support your thesis. Each body paragraph should cover a different idea
or piece of evidence and contain a topic sentence that clearly and concisely explains why the reader
should agree with your position. Body paragraphs are where you back up your claims with examples,
research, statistics, studies, and text citations. Address opposing points of view and disprove them or
explain why you disagree with them. Presenting facts and considering a topic from every angle adds
credibility and will help you gain a reader’s trust.
4. Conclusion. One paragraph that restates your thesis and summarizes all of the arguments
made in your body paragraphs. Rather than introducing new facts or more arguments, a good
conclusion will appeal to a reader’s emotions. In some cases, writers will use a personal anecdote
explaining how the topic personally affects them.

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How to Write a Thesis Statement in 3 Steps

Your thesis statement is only one sentence long, but it’s the most important part of your argumentative essay.
The thesis appears in your introductory paragraph, summarizes what your argumentative essay will be about,
and primes the reader for what’s to come. These steps will help you get your point across clearly and concisely:

1. Turn the topic into a question and answer it. Set up a big question in the title of your essay or
within the first few sentences. Then, build up to answering that question in your thesis statement. For example, in
your title or introduction, you could pose the question, “What is the best type of sandwich?” And then answer with
your thesis statement: “The best type of sandwich is peanut butter and jelly.” This method is effective because
intriguing questions draw readers in and encourage them to keep reading to find the answer.
2. State an argument—and then refute it. Introduce an idea that contrasts with your belief, and
immediately explain why you disagree with it. For example: “While some people believe peanut butter and jelly
sandwiches are too simple, they’re versatile sandwiches that you can easily turn into a gourmet meal.” This
method is effective because it uses evidence and immediately demonstrates your credibility.
3. Briefly outline your main points. Introduce your main point and explain how you’ll back it up.
For example: “You can turn a peanut butter and jelly sandwich into a gourmet meal by using artisanal bread,
toasting the bread, and adding additional toppings.” This method is effective because it gives readers a clear
idea of everything you’ll discuss in your essay. It also serves as a road map to help keep you organized and on
track.

5 Types of Argument Claims

Once you decide what you’re arguing and know your thesis statement, consider how you’ll present your
argument. There are five types of argument claims that can drive your essay:
1. Fact: whether the statement is true or false.
2. Definition: the dictionary definition of what you’re arguing, plus your own personal interpretation
of it.
3. Value: the importance of what you’re arguing.
4. Cause and effect: what causes the problem in your essay and what effects it has.
5. Policy: why the reader should care and what they should do about it after reading.

3 Main Types of Arguments and How to Use Them

There are three main ways to structure an argumentative essay. Choose one of the following or combine them to
write your persuasive paper:
1. Classical. Present the main argument, state your opinion, and do your best to convince the
reader why your stance is the right one. Also called Aristotelian, this is the most popular strategy for
making an argument because it’s the simplest line of thinking to follow. It’s effective when your
audience doesn’t have a lot of information or a strong opinion about your topic, as it outlines the facts
clearly and concisely.
2. Rogerian. Present the problem, acknowledge the opposing side of the argument, state your
point of view, and explain why yours is the most beneficial to the reader. This type of argument is
effective for polarizing topics, as it acknowledges both sides and presents the middle ground.
3. Toulmin. Present your claim, present grounds to back up that claim, and then justify that the
grounds are linked to the claim. This type of argument is also effective for polarizing topics, but rather
than present both sides, it presents one, hinging particularly on facts presented in a way that makes
the claim difficult to argue with.
Source: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-write-a-good-argumentative-essay#how-to-write-a-
thesis-statement-in-3-steps

Text 3: Persuasive
What is Persuasive Writing?
Persuasive writing is a form of argumentative writing that presents logical arguments with emotional appeal in
order to sway readers to a particular point of view. Where an argumentative essay introduces both sides of a
debate and allows the reader to make an informed choice, a persuasive essay is about the inclusion of
information that supports your thesis statement, only involving counterarguments as a means to discredit them.

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Persuasive pieces appear in various forms of marketing. Advertisements often tug on heartstrings to influence
people to buy a product or service. Health magazines publish columns about new must-try diets. Travel
brochures convince you where the next trendiest vacation spot is. Persuasive writing is everywhere, but the
writing process is not as simple as just sharing an opinion.

The Pros of Writing Persuasively

Persuasive essay writing is a useful writing skill. It allows a writer to clearly present their ideas in a structured
and convincing way. Persuasive writing can be powerful, influencing people to believe in a cause and putting out
a call to action, like donating to a certain charity or voting for a particular political candidate.
Persuasive writing helps improve a writer’s ability overall, teaching them how to use facts and research in an
expressive yet succinct way. A writer learns to communicate their main points efficiently and present a clear
argument.

8 Tips for Better Persuasive Writing

In order to be a more influential writer, there are a few persuasive writing techniques a writer may utilize:

1. Pick a topic you’re passionate about. You’ll do your best persuading when it’s something you truly
believe in. If you have the option to pick a topic, choose one that appeals to your own sensibilities. There will
be research to do regardless, but already having a strong opinion about your subject will make its defense a
bit easier.
2. Know your audience. If you want to convince readers to believe and agree with you, know who
you’re talking to first. For example, if you’re writing a persuasive letter about why standardized testing should
be removed from school systems, your audience will likely be parents: Keep that in mind when writing to
your targeted demographic.
3. Hook the reader’s attention. A persuasive writer should present their opinion with a declarative
statement that clearly expresses their point of view. Starting with a fact, research findings, or any other
evidence that explicitly states information supportive of your thesis will immediately clue the reader in to
what the essay will be about, what your position is, and if they’re interested enough to read on to see if
they’ll be on your side.
4. Research both sides. In order to convince the reader to agree with you, you also have to know what
you’re trying to get them to disagree with. Your audience may be completely stuck in their ways, so knowing
both sides of your argument—and how to effectively counter the opposition—will assuage any follow up
questions a reader may have that can cast doubt on your position.
5. Be empathetic. An effective persuasion technique is the use of empathy. A reader is more inclined to
believe you if they feel like you can relate to and understand their experiences. Emotional appeal is
important for persuasive writing, as it targets the audience’s sensitivities, while also providing a logical
explanation for why their beliefs should change.
6. Ask rhetorical questions. Presenting questions that the reader will be forced to answer for
themselves later on is another good persuasive strategy, especially when the information provided to help
make that decision is supportive of your point of view.
7. Emphasize your point. The use of exaggeration in order to express urgency, exclusivity, or just to
make a point is another useful persuasive technique. Hyperbolic statements aren’t meant to be taken
literally, but are used instead to convey an impactful image. For example, if you’re attempting to persuade a
reader not to go to a restaurant, you might say their bad service “nearly starved you to death.” Although
likely untrue, it still creates a vivid picture. In marketing, another example is Disney’s slogan: “The happiest
place on Earth.” It’s a subjective statement that makes use of hyperbole to immediately create a desirable
feeling for its audience—children and their parents.
8. Repeat yourself. Strategic repetition can be an effective way to gradually remind the reader of your
message. Finding different ways to make the same point by use of rephrasing, true stories, metaphors, or
other literary devices all serve to reinforce your point without bogging down the reader with repetitiveness.

Source: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/persuasive-writing-tips-and-techniques

QUIZ NO. 3: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read and analyze the statements below and choose the correct term that best describe or define each
statement. Write A for Informative, B for Persuasive and C for Argumentative.

_______1. Persuade the audience to agree with the author’s position

_______2. Educate the readers
_______3. Provide information not opinions

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 _______4. Unbiased perspective. Allow readers to draw their own conclusions.
_______5. Introduces both sides of a debate
_______6. Influencing people to believe in a cause
_______7. Allows the reader to make an informed choice
_______8. Inclusion of information that supports your thesis statement, only involving counterarguments
as a means to discredit them.
_______9. Flattery and hyperbole
_______10. Providing information is the priority

QUIZ NO. 4: TRUE OR FALSE

Direction: Read each statement below carefully. Mark “T” for statements you believe are true, and “F” for
statements you believe are false.
__________1. A persuasive writer should present their opinion with a declarative statement that clearly
expresses their point of view.
__________2. If you cannot figure out what your thesis statement will be, think of what information would be
most interesting for your readers and what they want to know about the topic of your paper.
__________3. Persuasive writing can be powerful, influencing people to believe in a cause and putting out a
call to action, like donating to a certain charity or voting for a particular political candidate.
__________4. The flattery technique is using three points to support an argument.

__________5. Every paragraph of the body section must start with a topic sentence that addresses a
particular aspect of the general topic, followed by a detailed explanation and at least two pieces of evidence.
__________6. Politicians often use persuasive techniques to get their audience to agree with their views on a
particular topic.
__________7. If you just start writing without having a clear understanding of what your paper should look
like, the whole writing process will be much more challenging than if you prepare and write an outline
first.
__________8. Classical argument is effective for polarizing topics, as it acknowledges both sides and
presents the middle ground.
__________9. If you’re writing a persuasive letter about why standardized testing should be removed from
school systems, your audience will likely be parents.
__________10. Hyperbolic statements are meant to be taken literally, but are used instead to convey an
impactful image.

SUMMATIVE TEST 2
Direction: Read and understand each question carefully and write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
______1. An informative essay must include several paragraphs that provide relevant information in the logical
order. Which among the statements below support this statement?
A. The introduction must familiarize your readers with the topic and present a clear thesis statement that
will serve as the basis for the whole essay.
B. Every paragraph of the body section must start with a topic sentence that addresses a particular
aspect of the general topic, followed by a detailed explanation and at least two pieces of evidence.
C. The evidence must explain the subject of the paragraph and be properly cited.
D. All of the given choices.
______2. Which among the choices below is NOT a purpose of informative writing?
A. To inform the audience about a certain topic
B. To use credible sources and factual evidence that explains the topic and supports the author’s
perspective
C. To comply with the topic assigned by your professor or teacher
D. To educate your readers
______3. How should a thesis statement of an informative essay looks like?
A. The thesis statement is the main part of your informative paper because it serves as the basis for all
your arguments.
B. It must be one or two sentences long, directly focusing on the question in your prompt. An effective
thesis statement is clear and precise.
C. When your audience reads your thesis statement in the introduction section, they must understand
what to expect from the rest of the paper.
D. The thesis statement serves as a roadmap for your readers. However, you don’t need to make it obvious.
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______4. Bias of any kind is the main problem for informative writing, and you must make sure that your papers
are not biased in any way. How can a writer follow this technique in writing an informative essay?
A. Don’t forget that the purpose of informative writing is to provide information, not opinions.
B. Your readers are looking for clear answers. Make sure to explain what happened, where and when it
happened, as well as why you consider this topic important.
C. The more precise your writing, the better your audience will understand it. Readers who look for
information need solid facts and specific details.
D. All of the given choices.
______5. Which among the statements below should be excluded?
A. You can present a new angle of the topic in the conclusion.
B. Every paragraph of the body of your paper should only focus on one idea which is directly related to
your thesis statement and gives a better understanding of the topic.
C. Use simple language and provide definitions for any technical terms.
D. The conclusion of your informative article or essay must briefly summarize the content of the entire
paper, while also restating the thesis statement.
______6. Which best among the statements below best define an argumentative essay?
A. An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that takes a stance on an issue.
B. Argumentative essays should have a straightforward structure so they are easy for readers to follow.
C. The goal of an argumentative essay is to clearly outline a point of view, reasoning, and evidence.
D. In a good argumentative essay, a writer attempts to persuade readers to understand and support their
point of view about a topic.
______7. What part of the structure of an argumentative essay should outline the topic and provide background
information to sustain one’s argument?
A. Introductory paragraph C. Body paragraphs
B. Thesis statement D. Conclusion
______8. A typical argumentative essay comprises three or more paragraphs that explain the reasons why you
support your thesis. Which among the statements below is TRUE about body paragraph?
A. Each body paragraph should cover a different idea or piece of evidence and contain a topic sentence
that clearly and concisely explains why the reader should agree with your position.
B. Body paragraphs are where you back up your claims with examples, research, statistics, studies, and
text citations.
C. Presenting facts and considering a topic from every angle adds credibility and will help you gain a
reader’s trust.
D. All of the given choices.
______9. Which is NOT a step in writing a thesis statement of an argumentative essay?
A. Turn the topic into a question and answer it. C. State an argument—and then refute it.
B. Be firm with your opinion. D. Briefly outline your main points
______10. Which among the type of arguments present one’s claim, present grounds to back up that
claim and then justify that the grounds are linked to the claim?
A. Classical B. Rogerian C. Toulmin D. Contemporary
______11. Which should be omitted from the choices below?
A. Persuasive writing is a form of argumentative writing that presents logical arguments with emotional
appeal.
B. Persuasive pieces are never used as forms of marketing.
C. Persuasive essay is about the inclusion of information that supports your thesis statement.
D. Persuasive essay involves counterarguments as a means to discredit them.
______12. One persuasive writing technique is to know your audience.
A. The statement is correct. C. The statement is maybe correct and not.
B. The statement is not correct. D. The statement is confusing.
______13. Which is an example of imperative command?
A. Get on board and join us!
B. Safer streets mean comfort, reassurance and peace of mind for you, your family and your friends.
C. There are thousands of animals at the mercy of our selfishness and disregard for kindness.
D. 80% of people agreed that this would change their community for the better.
______14. Emotional appeal is important for persuasive writing, as it targets the audience’s sensitivities,
while also providing a logical explanation for why their beliefs should change. What persuasive technique is
being referred to?
A. Hook the reader’s attention. C. Research both sides.
B. Be emphatic. D. Emphasize your point.
______15. In a persuasive writing technique, how does “pick a topic you are passionate about” mean?
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 A. Know who you’re talking to first.
B. Convince your reader to agree with you.
C. Choose one that appeal to your own sensibilities.
D. Present your point with a declarative statement.

Quarter 3 – Module 3
Critiquing a Selection

As a Grade 10 student, you are expected to be equipped with knowledge and skills in critiquing a selection.
Reading is a special skill, as much as writing. Equally, when we critique something written, we first read the
selection, analyze, and give due assessment to its content and significance.

In this module, you are expected to:

• Read a selection and analyze its content and significance.
• Examine sample and chosen selection.

Insights:

What is a critique?

A critique is a genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a work or
concept. Critiques can be used to carefully analyze a variety of works such as:

Creative works – novels, exhibits, film, images, poetry, Research – monographs, journal articles,
systematic reviews, theories Media – news reports, feature articles

Like an essay, a critique uses a formal, academic writing style and has a clear structure, that is, an
introduction, body and conclusion. The purpose of an evaluation is to gauge the usefulness or impact of a work
in a particular field.

Why do we write critiques?

Writing a critique on a work helps us to develop:

1. A knowledge of the work’s subject area or related works.
2. An understanding of the work’s purpose, intended audience, development of argument,
structure of evidence or creative style.
3. A recognition of the strengths and weaknesses of the work.
https://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/write/critique.html

To critique a piece of writing is to do the following:

1. Describe: give the reader a sense of the writer’s overall purpose and intent
2. Analyze: examine how the structure and language of the text convey its meaning
3. Interpret: state the significance or importance of each part of the text
4. Assess: make a judgment of the work’s worth or value

FORMATTING A CRITIQUE

Here are two structures for critiques, one for nonfiction and one for fiction/literature.

1. The Critique Format for Nonfiction

Introduction
• name of author and work
• general overview of subject and summary of author's argument
• focusing (or thesis) sentence indicating how you will divide the whole work for discussion or the
particular elements you will discuss
Body
• objective description of a major point in the work

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 • detailed analysis of how the work conveys an idea or concept
• interpretation of the concept
• repetition of description, analysis, interpretation if more than one major concept is covered

Conclusion
• overall interpretation
• relationship of particular interpretations to subject as a whole
• critical assessment of the value, worth, or meaning of the work, both negative and positive

2. The Critique Format for Fiction/Literature

Introduction
• name of author and work
• brief summary/description of work as a whole
• focusing sentence indicating what element you plan to examine
• general indication of overall significance of work
Body
• literal description of the first major element or portion of the work
• detailed analysis
• interpretation
• literal description of second major element
Conclusion
• overall interpretation of the elements studied
• consideration of those elements within the context of the work as a whole
• critical assessment of the value, worth, meaning, or significance of the work, both positive and
negative
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/rwc/handouts/the-writing-process1/invention/Writing-a-Critique

Word Definition Expansion

If we try to critique a material or selection, we seem to expand its value and content through reviewing the
selection critically and analytically.

Equally, widening one’s horizon entails considerable patience and interest in reading and studying. Now, learn
the different ways of expanding the definition of words into paragraph.

There are three ways to expand a definition into a paragraph. Read the examples.

1. Expanding by Giving an Example

Speed is a concept that marks our time. Everybody is in a hurry to go somewhere. Industry is
constantly demanding new inventions that will speed up production so that the constant cry of the bosses to the
workmen is speed it up! The maker of automobile boasts of the newest type of a car which is faster than the old
model. Shoppers push and shove each other all about the counters. All are in a hurry to get something. People
who are going to school, shop, or office rush breathlessly to do important tasks. They gulp their food and swallow
it in haste. Restless “hunters of fun” crowd into places of entertainment. Most of these people cannot sit still. At
the movie, they tap their feet or fingers in impatience. Yes, speed is the world of the day.

2. Expanding by Comparing and Contrasting

Speed is a concept that marks our day. Sluggishness is out. Speed is demanded by industry which is
constantly on the look-out for new inventions. Sluggishness is penalized, especially in industries where
compensation depends upon output. Speed is the attractive come-on for short-term courses in cooking,
computerizing, sewing, diving, learning a new language, and others. The slower long-term courses are not so
appealing. Instant coffee is usually preferred to coffee that needs to be boiled. Yes, speed is the word of the day.

3. Expanding by Describing a Process

The process of speeding up in a vehicle begins with the setting of the gear level to the first gear. This
moves the vehicle from a stationary to a slow speed of about less than ten kilometers per hour (kph). Gradually
you shift the gear to the next, pressing the accelerator pedal at the same time to attain a speed between 10-30
kph. You pick up more speed by shifting gears to the next higher levels at the speed beyond 30kph. To do this,
however along with the shift to third or fourth gear, ever increasing pressure must be exerted on the accelerator.
The only time you lift your foot from the accelerator is when you shift gears, so that you can step on the clutch
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pedal simultaneously with the shifting. After releasing the clutch pedal, you immediately step on the accelerator
pedal while picking up speed. Maximum speed is attained once you shift to the fourth, or in the case of some
vehicles, the fifth gear, at which, you travel at speeds of 80 kph or above.

QUIZ NO. 5 Beyond Word Meaning

Complete the phrase in each number in Column A by matching it with the words in Column B. The meaning of
the phrase is italicized for your guidance. The phrases are found in the selection below.
Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each number.
A B
___ 1. Unscintillating ____________ a. of space
-Not very clear, amusing and
interesting ideas
___ 2. Metallic __________ b. of ozone
-To make a crackling sound
using metallic items or metals
___ 3. Faint tang ___________ c. cairn
-A twanging sound that is not
clearly heard in the
environment or surrounding
___ 4. Purpose of this ___________ d. points
-The aim or goal of a journey to a holy place
___ 5. Exhilarating ___________ e. skill
-An exaggerated or very cheerful manner in doing
something competently
___ 6. Abyss ____________ f. crepitation
-An immeasurably deep gulf
or great space
___ 7. A stone __________ g. pilgrimage
-A heap of stones piled that shows a memorial or as
a landmark and it also shows the direction of a trail
___ 8. Aftermath of ____________ h. Armageddon
-The result of a battle or conflict

SUMMATIVE TEST 3
A. Read each statement and answer what is asked for. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided.
_____ 1. It is where the name of the author should be found in a critique
A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion
_____ 2. Novels, exhibits, film, images, poetry are examples of _____________.
A. Creative works B. Media C. Researches
_____ 3. The critical assessment of the value, worth, or meaning of the work, both negative and positive
should be found in the ________________.
A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion
_____ 4. When you give the reader a sense of the writer’s overall purpose and intent, you are trying to _____.
A. Analyze B. Describe C. Interpret
_____ 5. When you try to make a judgment of the work’s worth or value, you are trying to _____________.
A. Analyze B. Assess C. Interpret
_____ 6. In the definition by comparing and contrasting, what word is the contrast of “speed”?
A. Compensation B. Output C. Sluggishness

B. In the definition by example, copy at least four (4) examples of definition of speed in the paragraph. Write your
answers on your paper. (6-10)

1. Speed is a concept that marks our time. Everybody is in a hurry to go somewhere. Industry is constantly
demanding new inventions that will speed up production so that the constant cry of the bosses to the workmen is
speed it up! The maker of automobile boasts of the newest type of a car which is faster than the old model.
Shoppers push and shove each other all about the counters. All are in a hurry to get something. People who are
going to school, shop, or office rush breathlessly to do important tasks. They gulp their food and swallow it in
haste. Restless “hunters of fun” crowd into places of entertainment. Most of these people cannot sit still. AT the
movie, they tap their feet or fingers in impatience. Yes, speed is the world of the day.
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