Name: Eljay T.

Toreno
Course/Year: Midwifery 2nd
Instructor : Lilian Sumagaysay, MPA
Subject: Reading in Philippine history (GE2)

MODULE 1
HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY

LESSON 1 – Meaning and Relevance of History

Learning Activities/Exercise

1. Identify one historical event that you remember hearing from the time you were
small, either from school or from your parents. Recap the story by identifying the
following:
a. Name of event
PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION

b. Famous personality involved (maybe a hero)

FORMER PRESIDENT FERDINAND MARCOS

2. Given the first letter of the word, determine what is being described. (1point each)
1. Historical Method
2. Historiography
3. Historical research
4. Historia
5. History

Practice Task/Assessment

TASK: Get to know two famous Philippine historians. Record their credentials as
historian’s vis a vis:

1. Educational Background 2. Family Background

Name: TEODORO AGONCILLO

Born: November 9, 1912 at Lemery, Batangas Died: 14 January 1985 He is a prominent 20th-century
Filipino historian. He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were among the first Filipino historians
renowned for promoting a distinctly nationalist point of view of Filipino history (nationalist
historiography). He was also an essayist and a poet

Educational Background:

University of the Philippines Manila (1939) University of the Philippines Manila (1934) Agoncillo
obtained a bachelor's degree in philosophy from the University of the Philippines in Manila, in 1934, and
a master's degree in the arts from the same university the following year. He earned his living as a
linguistic assistant at the Institute of National Language and as an instructor at the Far Eastern University
and the Manuel L. Quezon University

Family Background: Agoncillo is related to Don Felipe Agoncillo, the Filipino diplomat who represented
the Philippines in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Paris (1898), and Doña Marcela Agoncillo,
one of the principal seamstresses of the Philippine flag.

Name: LEANDRO HERIBERTO CABALLERO FERNANDEZ

Born: March 13, 1889 at Pagsanjan, Laguna Died: March 23, 1948 He is a Filipino historian who will
serve as forerunner for later historians in the ranks of Teodoro Agoncillo and Gregorio F. Zaide. He is
well known for being the first Filipino chairperson of the University of the Philippines Department of
History. Notable among his works is A Brief History of the Philippines, a textbook for Grade 7 students
during the American period.

Educational Background:

He studied first at Pagsawitan Elementary School, then at Laguna Provincial High School. He also studied
at Manila High School. As a pensionado, he was sent to the United States to study. In 1910, he obtained
a bachelor's degree in Pedagogy at Tri-State College in Indiana. In 1912, he obtained a bachelor's degree
in Philosophy. In 1913, he garnered his Master of Arts in History at the University of Chicago and his
Ph.D. in history at Columbia University. His dissertation is entitled The Philippine Republic, later to be
published by Yale University.In 1935, he became the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the University
of the Philippines and Chairman of the Graduate Studies Program. He wrote "A Brief History of the
Philippines" which was issued as a textbook for history students.

Family Background:

He is the son of Esteban Fernandez and Bonifacia Caballero. He was the third of five children, the others
being Susana, Domingo, Zosimo, and Estanislao. He lost his father during his early childhood.

Assignment
Enrichment
In three sentences, explain the following statement:
 “Lessons from the past can help people to not repeat them”

 There is truth to this statement. Far too many of us live defined by the
choices we made in the past. This shouldn’t be the case. After all, each
new day presents opportunity to become a new person on a new road
destined for a new future . One should always bear in mind that past teaches
us lessons.

Reflection

History has no use for the present, thus, the saying past is past, is true. What do
you think of this statement?

The answer is that History is inescapable. It studies the past and the

legacies of the past in the present. Far from being a 'dead' subject, it connects
things through time and encourages its students to take a long view of such
connections.

LESSON 2 – HISTORICAL SOURCES and CRITICISMS

Learning Activities/Exercise

1. Read one controversial issue in Philippine history. Understand the event by

identifying the following facts:

Learning Activities/ Exercise:

1. One controversial issue in the Philippine history

a. Name of Event/Issue MARTIAL LAW
2. Famous Personality Involved
FORMER PRESIDENT FERDINAND MARCOS

3 . Describe in three sentences the controversy

The controversy happens on September 21, 1972 under the proclamation no.
1081 placing the Philippines under Martial Law by the Marcos regime. It kills
the press and slaughter the press freedom, about 70,000 peoples were
 imprisoned, 34, 000 tutored, prisoners were electrocuted, beaten up and
strangled. Others are burned with a flat iron and women were stripped naked
and raped, various objects forced into their genitals.

2. Given the first letter of the word, determine what is being described. (1point
each)
1. PRIMARY
2. SECONDARY
3. PRIMARY
4. EXTERNAL CRITICISM
5. INTERNAL CRITICISM

Practice Task/Assessment

TASK: Go back to learning activity #1. Make a tabular presentation comparing the two
sides of the issue.

Name of events/issue People power revolution Martial law

Famous personality Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos
involved
Description President Marcos' second The controversy happens on
term for the presidency September 21, 1972 under the
was marred by allegations proclamation no. 1081 placing
by the opposition Liberal the Philippines under Martial
Party of widespread graft Law by the Marcos regime. It
and corruption. kills the press and slaughter
And this is the day of the press freedom, about
removal of former 70,000 peoples were
President Ferdinand imprisoned, 34, 000 tutored,
Marcos in the power and prisoners were electrocuted,
the installation of the late beaten up and strangled.
Others are burned with a flat
President Corazon C. iron and women were stripped
Aquino as the President of naked and raped, various
 the Republic of the objects forced into their
Philippines genitals.

Assignment
Enrichment
From the tabular presentation of the two side of the issue in your Practice Task,
explain your perspective of the issue in not more than 5 sentences.

Reflection
If you are going to judge the person of former President Marcos as a prominent
part of Philippine History, what two primary and two secondary sources will you
use. What will be your internal criticism and your external criticism of him?
Explain.
 If I were going to judge the person of former President Marcos as a
prominent part of Philippine History, the two primary and two
secondary sources I will going to use are the photographs and
statistical data, academic books and journal articles respectively.
Meanwhile, my internal criticism of him will always be based on the
content of the sources I’ve used and rate on its factuality of the
evidence. On the other hand, my external criticism will also based on
the authenticity of the evidence by examining its physical
characteristics.

THANK YOU!